Search

Steel-wood-steel connection is widely seen in many applications, such as timber structures. The stiffness of steel-wood-steel connection loaded parallel to grain for softwoods originated from Malaysia was investigated in this study. Numerical models have been developed in ABAQUS to study the stiffness connection. Softwoods of Damar Minyak and Podo have been selected in this analysis. The comprehensive study focused on the effect of bolt configurations on stiffness. Numerical analysis is carried out and the developed model has been validated with the previous study. Further investigations have been made by using the validated model. From this model, numerical analysis of the stiffness values have been made for various bolt configurations, including bolt diameter, end distance, bolt spacing, number of rows and bolts and edge distance. The result shows that the stiffness of bolted timber connections for softwood depends on the bolt diameter, number of rows and bolts, end distance and edge distance. Based on the result, stiffness increased as the diameter of the bolt, end distance, number of rows and bolts and edge distance increased. It is also discovered that the stiffness equation in Eurocode 5 (EC5) is inadequate as the equation only considered parameters which are wood density and bolt diameter. Other connection parameters such as geometry are not considered in the EC5 equation.

Steel-wood-steel connection is widely seen in many applications, such as timber structures. The stiffness of steel-wood-steel connection loaded parallel to grain for softwoods originated from Malaysia was investigated in this study. Numerical models have been developed in ABAQUS to study the stiffness connection. Softwoods of Damar Minyak and Podo have been selected in this analysis. The comprehensive study focused on the effect of bolt configurations on stiffness. Numerical analysis is carried out and the developed model has been validated with the previous study. Further investigations have been made by using the validated model. From this model, numerical analysis of the stiffness values have been made for various bolt configurations, including bolt diameter, end distance, bolt spacing, number of rows and bolts and edge distance. The result shows that the stiffness of bolted timber connections for softwood depends on the bolt diameter, number of rows and bolts, end distance and edge distance. Based on the result, stiffness increased as the diameter of the bolt, end distance, number of rows and bolts and edge distance increased. It is also discovered that the stiffness equation in Eurocode 5 (EC5) is inadequate as the equation only considered parameters which are wood density and bolt diameter. Other connection parameters such as geometry are not considered in the EC5 equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the reclamation of ash from incineration process and development of new artificial lightweight aggregate (LWA) that have comparable properties with existing natural coarse aggregate. the main objective of this study is to examine potential use of recycled municipal solid waste incineration (MsWi) ash as raw material in lWa production with a method of cold-bonded pelletization. two types of incineration ash which is bottom ash (BA) and fly ash (FA) were collected from Cameron highland incineration Plant, Malaysia. the properties of ba and Fa are studied by means of X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and microstructure of these ashes were inspected using scanning electron Microscope (SEM). the properties of bala and Fala produced in this study is examined including loose bulk density, water absorption and aggregate impact value (AIV). From the results of both types of artificial lWa, the lowest loose bulk density of bala is bala50 with 564.14 kg/m³ and highest is at 831.19 kg/m³. For Fala50, lowest loose bulk density is 573.64 kg/m³ and highest is 703.35 kg/m³. Water absorption of bala and Fala is quite similar with one another in with the value of 23.8% and 22.6%, respectively. Generally, Fala have better qualities of lWa comparing with bala with lower bulk density and water absorption and can be categorized as strong aggregate. in summary, reclamation and reutilization of incinerator ash has generated acceptable qualities for artificial lWa. both types of ba and Fa shown a great potential to be recycled as additional materials in artificial aggregate production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]