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Hydrogen has been widely recognised as a versatile and environmentally-friendly energy carrier, with a broad range of potential applications across various sectors. The abundance of hydrogen in the universe and its high energy content makes it an attractive alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Moreover, the utilization of hydrogen does not produce greenhouse gases or other pollutants that contribute to air pollution and climate change. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing and deploying hydrogen technologies for a sustainable energy future. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the potential of hydrogen as a clean energy source in different sectors, such as transportation, energy storage, power generation, industry, buildings, maritime transport, and aviation. The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of the current state of hydrogen applications in Europe and the Baltic States, including examples of ongoing projects and initiatives, and to assess the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen technologies in different sectors. The main results of the paper highlight that hydrogen has the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve carbon neutrality targets. However, the deployment of hydrogen technologies also faces various challenges such as high production costs, lack of infrastructure, and safety concerns. The tasks of the paper are to provide an insight into the potential of hydrogen, identify the challenges and limitations, and highlight ongoing research and development efforts in this field. The paper concludes that the widespread adoption of hydrogen technologies is a long-term goal that requires the cooperation of various stakeholders and the development of innovative and cost-effective solutions. Despite the challenges, the current state of hydrogen applications and ongoing projects in Europe and the Baltic States demonstrate that hydrogen has the potential to play a significant role in the transition to a sustainable and low-carbon future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides information on the solution of project supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of VEGA of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sports of Slovak Republic and of the Slovak Academy of Sciences of Slovak Republic. There is project: VEGA 1/0674/18. This research project is programmed for the years 2018 to 2021. In this paper are presented information on the results obtained in 2019, solution of this project objectives and project solution. The results are presented in realized publications. We focused mainly on the presentation of major publications, articles in domestic and foreign journals, articles in conference proceedings with an emphasis on publications that are indexed in the WOS and SCOPUS databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the possibilities of architectural design of wooden structures in the digital age. The first part of the paper presents the material-based design as a new approach to shaping free-form objects. The problem is that a new geometry requires new materials or a new approach to old, well-known building materials and structures. The lack of suitable materials to build curvilinear free-form surfaces has led to the use of traditional materials in new ways. The second part describes the historical techniques of designing and manufacturing of curvilinear wooden forms. They were compared to digital tectonics as a new methodology in architectural design. Historically, architects and carpenters used the stereotomy method and manufactured non-standard wooden elements (e.g. guitarde dormers and balconies), taking into account the inherent properties of the material. Digital CAD/CAM technologies have radically changed the conceptual approach to architectural and engineering design. Architectural forms created with the use of digital parametric tools are considered in terms of geometry, material properties and means of production. Such well-known buildings as Chesa Futura in St Moritz (Switzerland) and Weltstadthaus in Cologne (Germany) were presented as model examples of digital tectonic design in wooden architecture. In the Discussion, the paper presents the advantages of timber architecture. The new generation of high-performance wood materials offers unique architectural possibilities. The digital era led to the transformation of traditional tectonics into digital tectonics operating in terms of construction logic shaped according to the principles of digital design and fabrication tools. The CAD/CAM system is the basic formula of digital tectonic approach and it unveils inherent properties of wood as a natural material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides an architectural analysis of the switchable PV-EC glazing technology based on combining photovoltaic (PV) technology with electrochromic (EC) glazing. The integration of these technologies is considered to constitute futureoriented façade solutions in shaping buildings that are energy-saving and environmentally friendly. The paper aims to define theoretical models of windows using PV-EC technology as solutions adequate from the architectural point of view. To achieve this goal, a comparative analysis of three PV-EC technologies was conducted, i.e., side-by-side (SBS) technology and tandem technologies, namely tandem solid technology (TST) and tandem liquid technology (TLT). The analysis covered functional aspects related to such issues as thermal and visual comfort, energy and aesthetics. The analysis led to extracting the features of the three compared technologies; consequently, their strengths and weaknesses were determined. As a result, seven window models were developed which, based on the above analysis and the insights derived from it, were recognized as the solutions in which the potential of PV and EC technology is best used. The dominant advantages of SBS, being the most developed technology and one with the greatest flexibility in construction applications, are indicated. The research is of a contributory nature, as it constitutes the basis for further numerical and simulation research. Such studies may prove useful to architects in making design decisions, especially at the initial design stages. However, at the current stage of technological development, the study mainly serves as an introduction to further research on improving the PV-EC properties towards integration with the building and its architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the occurrence of various types of disasters, including natural disasters and man-made damage, aid workers need accurate and timely data, such as the damage status of buildings, in order to take effective measures for rescue. So as to solve this problem, this paper researches and designs a building damage classification system based on machine learning. The damage assessment system consists of two network models (building extraction network and damage classification network). This article analyzes and designs the structure of each network model, and discusses the principles related to computer vision in machine learning. Buildings in satellite images are segmented through Siamese Convolutional Neural Network, the BottleNeck Module and Feature Pyramid Network are used in the damage classification assessment network to detect damage to buildings in sub-temporal remote sensing images. Subsequently, the model was trained and tested on different disaster events on the xBD dataset. The results show that the building damage detection system based on Siamese-CNN achieves good detection accuracy, and the system has the advantages of simple operation, good timeliness and low resource consumption, and can well meet the needs of disaster assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents material collected during field research and inventory of old village houses from the village of Soce in the municipality of Narew. Its purpose was to collect architectural-ethnographic information about buildings important in terms of cultural values. They were described in the article in order to document the disappearing local heritage and to supplement the research and inventory of documentary resources. Drawings of plans, sections and facades of the buildings and their furnishings were prepared as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the main methods of energy optimization of the purification processes, by implementing computer-based technologies. Both the process control possibilities using fuzzy logic, for situations where the process model is not very certain, but it must be well known, as well as the use of feed-forward artificial neural networks trained by the back-propagation method using the learning mechanism are reviewed and supervised (using the Matlab program). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistics confirm that in the EU, buildings consume approx. 40% of final energy, which accounts for 36% of total European greenhouse gas production after energy consumption. Energy efficiency measures are urgently needed to effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Decreasing fossil fuel consumption would have a major impact on declining energy demand per unit of gross domestic product. In 2014, European leaders adopted the ambitious Climate and Energy Framework 2030, in which the three key targets were raised: a 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, a 27% reduction in RES and a 27% increase in energy efficiency. Then, in November 2016, the European Commission (EC) proposed the Clean Energy for All Europeans package, designed to support and accelerates the transition to a carbon-free energy system. This paper comprises a case study of the current situation of these matters in Romania and focuses on steps and methodology of what actions are reliable and available to be put into practice on this matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop ideas on building element valuation contained in the first article on the subject published in REMV, we propose an elaboration of the approach accounting for ad valorem expenses incidental to property management, such as land taxes, income/capital gains tax, and insurance premium costs; all such costs, being of an ad valorem nature in the first instance, cause circularity in the logic of the model, which, however, is not intractable under the proposed approach. The resulting formulas for carrying out practical estimation of building rental multipliers and, in consequence, of building values, turn out to be somewhat modified, and we demonstrate the sensitivity of the developed approach to the impact of these ad valorem factors. On the other hand, it is demonstrated that (accounting for) building depreciation charges, which should seemingly be included among the considered ad valorem factors, cancel out and do not have any impact on the resulting estimates. However, treating the depreciation of buildings in quantifiable economic terms as a reduction in derivable operating benefits over time (instead of mere physical indications, such as age), we also demonstrate that the approach has implications for estimating the economic service lives of buildings and can be practical when used in conjunction with the market-related approach to valuation - from which the requisite model inputs can be extracted as shown in the final part of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary function of the rural resort is to renovate and put into function existing, old, abandoned buildings/constructions, giving them a new purpose for tourism services. At the same time, construction of new buildings/structures, which can distort the authentic rural environment, is reduced. This paper intends to identify and analyse the elements of the tourism market in the Republic of Croatia which affect the process of revitalisation of the historic settlements through tourism products and services, while these elements are maintained, and popularise traditional culture and create an additional source of income in the countryside. The aim is to explore the place and role of rural resorts to enhance the distribution of tourism products and services, and the relevance of the application/use of tourist valorisation potentials of rural areas in the continuous efforts of improving tourism in the Republic of Croatia. The above is presented through a marketing policy and destination and space management, with a focus on limiting administrative, organisational and financial factors that influence the prosperity growth and substantial investment cycles in this segment in the Republic of Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iasi - Construction & Architecture Section is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iasi - Construction & Architecture Section is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technical Transactions / Czasopismo Techniczne is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the designed theoretical value of U can be derived from the thermal parameters of layers composing an opaque element, according to ISO 6946:2007, measurements are necessary to confirm the expected behaviour. Currently, the measurements of thermal transmittance based on Heat Flow Meter method (HFM) and according to standard ISO 9869-1:2014 are widely accepted. Anyway, some issues related to difficulties in measurements are present: the roughness of wall surfaces, the proper contact between the heat flow plate and the temperature probes with wall surfaces, undesired changes in weather conditions. This work presents the results obtained in thermal transmittance measurements with a modified HFM method, widely described in this paper. Differences between U-values obtained with the modified HFM method and theoretical ones were in the range 0.6 - 6.5 %. Moreover, the modified HFM method provided a result closer to the theoretical one, when compared to that obtained with standard HFM method (discrepancy with theoretical value were 0.6% and 16.4%, respectively).

In the process of real estate evaluation, there are many important elements that should be taken into consideration: for example the type of property which is under evaluation, real estate market analysis, and the selection of appropriate evaluation approaches, methods and techniques. In each of the approaches, different parameters are important. Most importantly, however, is the appropriate selection and identification of real estate characteristics, both physical and economic, as well as the determination of the importance of these qualities so that, when necessary, it will be possible to make the appraisal and select those characteristics which have the greatest impact on value of property. To acquire information about real estate, one can analyze data from multiple sources of information, such as: the land and mortgage register, land and buildings register, local town and country planning, industry data and other. Integrating data from all these sources allows comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge on the assessed property to be developed. One of best sources of data describing the characteristics of real estate is remote sensing. This method offers a high spectrum of information and, therefore, allows a wide range of analyses. As a result, one can obtain highly accurate facts about the property. Remote sensing data, however, are not a panacea for all problems and have some limitations that determine their applicability. This paper describes the possibilities of specifying some characteristics of the property under appraisal based on remote sensing data. For this purpose, the qualitative - quantitative analysis of the four most "common" types of remote sensing data were made, along with determining selected characteristics of 30 properties located in the Warsaw - Bemowo suburb area. The results of this research made it possible to answer the question of whether it is practicable and, if so, to what extent, to use remotely sensed data as the basis for determining the characteristics of a property as well as connecting the types of data to individual properties. The paper focuses on defining the characteristics of two kinds of real estate: land and buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iasi - Construction & Architecture Section is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technical Transactions / Czasopismo Techniczne is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the problem of surveying buildings in the RTN GNSS mode using modernized indirect methods of measurement. As a result of the classical realtime measurements using indirect methods (intersection of straight lines or a point on a straight line), we obtain a building structure (a building) which is largely deformed. This distortion is due to the inconsistency of the actual dimensions of the building (tie distances) relative to the obtained measurement results. In order to eliminate these discrepancies, and thus to ensure full consistency of the building geometric structure, an innovative solution was applied - the method of vector addition - to modify the linear values (tie distances) of the external face of the building walls. A separate research problem tackled in the article, although not yet fully solved, is the issue of coordinates of corners of a building obtained after the application of the method of vector addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose to present the analysis of energy consumption for heating for a building in the design phase depending on the conditions of location in the field. We analyzed 3 variants of the location of the building. Establishing the location of the location for a building according to the estimation of energy consumption in the project phase is in accordance with the requirements established in Directive 2010/31 / EU. Design decisions can also have an impact on land use, resource use and the production of waste and emissions throughout the life cycle of the building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an innovative solution which increases the reliability of determining the coordinates of corners of building structures in the RTN GNSS mode. Having performed the surveys of the base points in real time, it is proposed to use the method of line-line intersection, which results in capturing the Cartesian coordinates X, Y of the corners of buildings. The coordinates which were obtained in this way, are subjected to an innovative solution called the method of vectors translation. This method involves modeling the coordinates obtained by the algorithm developed by the author. As a result, we obtain the Cartesian coordinates X and Y of the corners of building structures, the accuracy and reliability of determining which is on a very high level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technical Transactions / Czasopismo Techniczne is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technical Transactions / Czasopismo Techniczne is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carrying out measurements of buildings with RTN GNSS technology in difficult environmental conditions appears to be a major challenge for many surveyors. Achieving the required accuracy of the position of a building structure is often a difficult, and sometimes even an impossible task to perform. This paper presents an innovative solution to increase the reliability of determining the coordinates of building corners, by modernizing the results obtained from the indirect method of measurement of line-line intersection by the socalled half-angle method. Generally speaking, the half-angle method is to verify the angular values in determined points (corners of buildings) from the method of intersection of the base point lines. Optimization of this method involves reducing deformation of a building, which has been determined in real time, taking into account only the classical method of line-line intersection. In order to obtain optimized measurement results, the conversion of the obtained results to the convergent values relative to the most probable coordinates is performed. Based on a detailed comparative and statistical analyses, it can be concluded that the modernized method of line intersection, employed in the RTN GNSS mode with the half-angle method, greatly improves the reliability of determining corners of buildings (X and Y coordinates), as well as provides an exact reflection of the geometric shape of a structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iasi - Construction & Architecture Section is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iasi - Construction & Architecture Section is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iasi - Construction & Architecture Section is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technical Transactions / Czasopismo Techniczne is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geodesy & Cartography (2080-6736) is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to review subject-matter literature and analyse the development policy documents of major Polish cities addressing the issue of climate change adaptation (urban adaptation plans, Polish abbr. MPA) and concerning the real estate sector; it is also an attempt to draw conclusions and identify potential benefits and challenges that the construction sector is currently facing. The literature focuses on coastal real estate, costs, benefits and barriers in the adaptation of buildings. MPAs point to the significant role of the real estate sector in adapting to climate change. Soft and hard instruments are becoming increasingly important in MPA. These are spatial planning (building restrictions in hazardous areas, use of green roofs in investments), a system of incentives for investors to promote adaptation activities, ecological education, investments in improving the energy efficiency of buildings. Also identified are the benefits to the real estate sector, e.g. the growing importance of occupations on the real estate market, the development of innovations and increased access to cheaper services and technologies. In Polish cities, high-intensity residential areas are characterized by high sensitivity. MPAs will strengthen the resilience of the city's technical infrastructure and public space, as well as develop blue and green infrastructure, which may translate into the increased resilience of real estate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The α*-relation is a fundamental relation on hyperrings, being the smallest strongly regular relation on hyperrings such that the quotient structure R/α* is a commutative ring. In this paper we introduce on hyperrings the relation ξm*, which is smaller than α*, and show that, on a particular class of m-idempotent hyperrings R, it is the smallest strongly regular relation such that the quotient ring R/ξm* is commutative. Some properties of this new relation and its differences from the α*-relation are illustrated and discussed. Finally, we show that ξm* is a new representation for α* on this particular class of m-idempotent hyperrings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technical Transactions / Czasopismo Techniczne is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The object of this paper is to determine real estate market value on the basis of a multidimensional function model in different variants: A - directly from the model estimated on the basis of a big database, B - from the same model form, but estimated on the basis of a reduced database consisting of dwellings most similar to the estimated one, and C - based on modeled prices corrected by random correction, calculated from random deviations for dwellings most similar to the assessed one. In the framework of statistical inference procedures, the resulting comparison was carried out by parametric significance tests. They were applied to draw conclusions on the analyzed variants [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the important feature categories in urban geographic data, buildings are the key thematic elements to be represented in large-scale urban mapping with the high speed of urban digital construction. The identification and extraction of buildings are of great significance for feature extraction, feature matching, image interpretation and mapping. However, the great variability of building size, shape, color, orientation, etc., in remote sensing images poses a great challenge to building detection. To this end, this paper proposes an algorithm based on multi-feature multi-scale fusion for the automatic extraction of buildings in remote sensing images are represented in the form of roofs. It is difficult to represent all buildings with a single feature because of the different colors, textures and shapes of building roofs. Effective features to describe buildings are proposed, including edge density and edge distribution, brightness contrast, color contrast and other features to describe building edge brightness. We propose effective features to describe buildings, including edge density and edge distribution, luminance contrast, color contrast and other underlying features to describe the edges, luminance and color of buildings, and adding special structural features such as main direction orthogonality and target integrity and symmetry to describe buildings by multiple features together.

Tourism architecture is an important material guarantee for carrying out tourism activities in scenic spots and is an important part of the tourism system. This paper analyzes the theory and structure of the G-DINA model in detail. To conceptualize the geospatial tourism architecture, form a conceptual cognition, and establish a basic geospatial tourism architecture cognitive model. Then the G-DINA model is brought into the basic cognitive model, and cognitive judgments are made using observation of tourism building features to form a G-DINA-based geospatial cognitive model of tourism buildings for planning and design of scenic tourism buildings. Experimental proof: By comparing the number of tourists in a tourist area for two months, it is obvious that the number of tourists in the second month has increased by 592 compared with the number of tourists in the first month, which is 160% of the number of tourists in the first month, and the comprehensive index of tourism economy has increased from 0.08 to 0.5, with an annual growth of 8.3%, showing a gradual upward trend in general. Accordingly, it can be considered that the attractiveness and competitiveness of tourist areas are significantly improved through the rational planning and design of tourist buildings. This verifies that reasonable design of tourism architecture and scientific planning of tourism areas can strengthen the harmony between tourism architecture and local style and surrounding environment, highlight regional characteristics and let them be inherited, and promote tourism development.

The paper presents the maintenance of the buildings property of MOD and BA. In perspective, the maintenance of a building can increase the efficiency level significantly, as well as part of it being given under rent to generate income for the budget of MOD. Comparative price analysis of different options and suboptions for thermal insulation of Vasil Levski National Military University Headquarters has been made and the most cost-effective option has been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The built environment, through the consumption of energy from non-renewable sources and the associated CO2 emissions, as well as through the production of waste throughout its life cycle and the effects of soil and water degradation, contributes significantly not only to the phenomenon of climate change, but also to the irreversible degradation of the natural environment. The concept of regenerative design provides a framework for a holistic approach to these issues in order to identify the most effective remedies, proposing the restoration and regeneration of the global socio-ecological environment through a system of engineering practices suitable to the specific context. The defining aspects of the regeneration applied in the buildings sector refer to the architecture and inserting in the natural environment ensuring a healthy and well-being indoor environment, reducing to zero the consumption of energy from non-renewable sources and promoting renewable energy sources, minimizing carbon footprint by rational use of materials and waste management throughout the life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beams and columns are one of the important structural elements of buildings to take up transverse loads such as axial load, bending moment, shear, and torsion. Present work is an experimental investigation on the shear, torsion, and axial load behavior of the structural members like columns and/or beams. The reinforced concrete members with 0, 30, and 60 kg/m3 of steel fibers were tested for torsion, shear and axial loading for this study. The twist angle, the load-deflection behavior, the ultimate shear strength, the torsional moment, and the critical moments were obtained for the loading type and steel fiber ratios. The results show that the increasing steel fiber ratio, increased the torsional moment capacity and decreased the shear strength capacity. On the other hand, increasing the steel fiber content increased the both axial load and moment capacity of RC columns. The shear strength and the torsional moment capacities are defined by the provision of current codes of practice such as ACI318-19, Eurocode-2, British, Australian and Turkish Standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technical Transactions / Czasopismo Techniczne is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We propose a new model for the decomposition of rental multipliers for the property building element which also supports valuation of income-producing real properties based on the principle of stability and an un-orthodox application of discounted cash flow analysis. Having regard to the building/land element analytical split of overall property, the proposed model explicitly accounts for the impact of the value of underlying land on the decomposition of rental multipliers, and doesn't require long-term forecasting of income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iasi - Construction & Architecture Section is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)