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As a typical means of transportation for residents to travel with low carbon in the new era, it is of grea t significance to explore how to achieve sustainable development throughout its life cycle. Based on t he challenges of the development of shared bicycles in China's cities, this paper innovatively proposes a governance framework for the sustainable development of shared bicycles oriented to the circular e conomy and a governance path based on the 3R principle, and constructs a complex system dynamics model that integrates three sub-modules of faulty vehicle reduction, faulty vehicle reuse and end-of-lif e vehicle resource. On this basis, based on the practical case of Shanghai, a multi-scenario simulation of the sustainable development path of shared bicycles from the perspective of circular economy is ca rried out. The study found that: (1) the five strategies of user use behavior governance, recycling parti cipation behavior governance, urban total delivery control, faulty vehicle recycling monitoring and pro ducer responsibility extension system all play a significant role in the sustainable development of the s hared bicycle industry; (2) In terms of a single strategy, the extended producer responsibility system a nd the monitoring of faulty vehicle recycling are the two best governance measures for the governme nt to control faulty and scrapped vehicles, operators to reduce production and recycling disposal cost s, and thus improve the efficiency of resource utilization in the industry, followed by urban total invest ment control; (3) In terms of combination strategies, the comprehensive integration and implementati on of the five strategies is the optimal governance path to promote the sustainable development of sh ared bicycles in China, after full implementation, the total number of scrapped bicycles in Shanghai wil l be reduced by 71.15% from 2021 to 2031, the production and recycling costs of operators will be sav ed by 73.77%, and the carbon emissions will be reduced by 87,800 tons. Based on the above research results, this paper proposes to implement the extended producer responsibility system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of China's economy and the continuous improvement of the level of urba nization, urban solid waste has become an important factor affecting the health of residents and the s ustainable development of the city. Will municipal solid waste continue to grow with economic develo pment? Or will there be an inflection point? Based on the environmental Kuznets curve, this paper sele cts panel data from 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China from 2005 to 2019 to empirically study the relationship between municipal solid waste and economic growth, and test re gional heterogeneity at different levels of economic development. The results of the study show that: (1) China's overall municipal solid waste and economic growth show an inverted "S" shape, and the tw o inflection points are about 36 890 yuan and 107 450 yuan per capita GDP. (2) Most of the economica lly developed coastal areas such as Beijing and Shanghai have crossed or approached the second infle ction point, and municipal solid waste will show a downward trend with economic growth in the futur e. (3) In the inland areas except Gansu, the rest of the areas have crossed the first inflection point, but have not yet crossed the second inflection point, and the future urban domestic waste will show an up ward trend with economic growth. (4) Regional heterogeneity test found that urban solid waste and e conomic growth in the eastern region showed an inverted "U" shape; The inflection point is about 75 720 yuan per capita GDP, and the central region of municipal solid waste and economic growth is "U" shaped, and the inflection point is about 34 500 yuan per capita GDP; Municipal solid waste and econ omic growth in the western region show an inverted "U" shape, with an inflection point of about 181 795 yuan per capita GDP. Overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good environment is the basis of human survival and development. With the rapid development of China’s economy and the improvement of urbanization, municipal solid waste has become an important factor affecting residents’ health and urban sustainable development. Will municipal solid waste continue to grow with economic development? Or will there be a turning point? Based on the environmental Kuznets curve, this paper selected the panel data of 30 provinces, cities and autonomous regions from 2005 to 2019 to empirically study the relationship between municipal solid waste and economic growth and tested the regional heterogeneity under different economic development levels. The results showed that: ① China’s overall municipal solid waste and economic growth presented an inverted S-shaped curve, and two turning points appeared when the per capita GDP reached about 36 890 yuan and 107 450 yuan, respectively. ② Beijing, Shanghai and other coastal economically developed areas passed or approached the second turning point, and the municipal solid waste would decrease with future economic growth. ③ Inland areas except Gansu had all passed the first turning point, but not passed the second turning point yet, and the municipal solid waste would increase with future economic growth. ④ Regional heterogeneity test found that the relationship between municipal solid waste and economic growth in the eastern region showed an inverted U-shaped curve, and a turning point appeared when the per capita GDP reached about RMB 75 720 yuan. The relationship between municipal solid waste and economic growth in the central region presented a U-shaped curve, and the turning point appeared when the per capita GDP reached RMB 34 500 yuan; the relationship between municipal solid waste and economic growth in the west⁃ ern region showed an inverted U-shaped curve, and the turning point appeared when the per capita GDP reached about RMB 181 795 yuan. On the whole, enterprises and residents in the eastern economically developed areas had strong environmental awareness, and the government exerted a good effect on municipal solid waste treatment. The awareness of environmental protection of enterprises and residents in central and western regions needed to be improved. The government should strengthen the treatment of municipal solid waste and improve the awareness of environmental protection of enterprises and residents, especially in the western region. Therefore, in order to realize the coordinated development of environmental protection and economic growth, the following policy suggestions are put for⁃ ward based on the empirical results: ① Changing the garbage service charging method will accelerate the arrival of the turning point of the WKC curve. ② We should make differentiated environmental regulation policies for different regions. ③ We should increase investment in green technological innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]