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This study aims to figure out the worldwide prevalence of anticancer therapy-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) and tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) and the relative risk of each cancer drug. We conducted an analysis of VigiBase, the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database, 1967–2023 via disproportionate Bayesian reporting method. We further categorized the anticancer drugs into four groups: cytotoxic therapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) compares observed and expected values to investigate the associations of each category of anticancer drugs with AKI and TIN. We identified 32,722 and 2056 reports (male, n = 17,829 and 1,293) of anticancer therapy-associated AKI and TIN, respectively, among 4,592,036 reports of all-drug caused AKI and TIN. There has been a significant increase in reports since 2010, primarily due to increased reports of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Immunotherapy exhibited a significant association with both AKI (ROR: 8.92; IC0.25: 3.06) and TIN (21.74; 4.24), followed by cytotoxic therapy (7.14; 2.68), targeted therapy (5.83; 2.40), and hormone therapy (2.59; 1.24) for AKI, and by cytotoxic therapy (2.60; 1.21) and targeted therapy (1.54; 0.61) for TIN. AKI and TIN were more prevalent among individuals under 45 years of age, with a female preponderance for AKI and males for TIN. These events were reported in close temporal relationship after initiation of the respective drug (16.53 days for AKI and 27.97 days for TIN), and exhibited a high fatality rate, with 23.6% for AKI and 16.3% for TIN. These findings underscore that kidney-related adverse drug reactions are of prognostic significance and strategies to mitigate such side effects are required to optimize anticancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We aimed to investigate the long-term trends in CKD prevalence from South Korea including the early pandemic. We used data from 108,152 Korean adults from 2007 to 2020 obtained from a representative longitudinal serial study. We defined CKD as a condition when the participant's estimated glomerular filtration rate was < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, or one-time spot proteinuria was ≥ 1 +, and then examined the overall trends in the prevalence of CKD. Among the included adults (n = 80,010), the overall national prevalence of CKD was 6.2%. The trend slope gradually increased from 2007 to 2019, however, there was a sudden decrease in 2020 (2007–2010, 5.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.7–5.5]; 2017–2019, 7.1% [95% CI 6.6–7.6]; pandemic period, 6.5% [95% CI 5.7–7.3]; and βdiff, − 0.19; 95% CI − 0.24 to − 0.13). The prevalence of CKD among younger adults and those with poor medical utilization significantly decreased during the early pandemic. This study was the first large-scale study to investigate the longitudinal prevalence of CKD from 2007 to 2020. Further research is needed to fully understand the exact causes for this decline and to identify healthcare policy strategies for preventing and managing CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyponatremia can be a life-threatening illness among hospitalized children. The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of hyponatremia in 3938 children who were admitted to the Cheil General Hospital and Women’s Health Care Center with respiratory infections. Clinical data were collected, and multiplex RT-PCR analyses were done for various microorganisms. Hyponatremia was observed in 531 (13.5%) patients. The incidence of hyponatremia differed according to the respiratory tract infection (P < 0.0001) and microorganism (P = 0.001). In children with hyponatremia, the age at admission was significantly older (P < 0.0001), male gender was more frequent (P = 0.019), CRP was higher (P < 0.0001), and coinfection with multiple organisms was more common (P = 0.001) than in children without hyponatremia. In multivariate analyses, an older age at admission (P = 0.006), male gender (P = 0.004), and increased CRP (P < 0.0001) were independent risk factors. Sodium levels correlated negatively with WBC (P = 0.037), CRP (P < 0.0001), and number of hospital days (P = 0.020). The AUC values of age (0.586, P < 0.0001), CRP (0.599, P < 0.0001), and blood urea nitrogen (0.559, P < 0.0001) were all significant predictors of hyponatremia. This study is the first to show that the incidence of hyponatremia differs according to infecting microorganism and radiological findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delta neutrophil index (DNI) is the fraction of circulating immature granulocytes, which reflects severe bacterial infections and septic condition but has not been studied in urinary tract infection (UTI). Here, we evaluated the value of DNI in predicting acute pyelonephritis (APN) or vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) using the data of 288 patients. Conventional inflammatory markers (white blood cell [WBC] count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP]), and DNI were measured. WBC, CRP, ESR and DNI were higher in APN than in lower UTI (p < 0.01). Multiple logistic-regression analyses showed that DNI was a predictive factor for areas of lack of uptake on dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scans (P < 0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) was also high for DNI (0.622, 95% CI 0.558-0.687, P < 0.01) as well as for CRP (0.731, 95% CI 0.673-0.789, P < 0.01) for the prediction of DMSA defects. DNI demonstrated the highest area under the ROC curve for diagnosis of VUR (0.620, 95% CI 0.542-0.698, P < 0.01). To the best of our knowledge, this is a first study demonstrating that DNI can be used as a diagnostic marker to distinguish APN from lower UTI and function as a diagnostic marker indicative of VUR compared to other conventional markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]