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Rapid urbanization currently poses a threat to cropland areas. Therefore, exploring the pattern of change in cropland areas and its driving mechanism is of great significance in safeguarding regional economic development and food security. In this study, data regarding cropland in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan city group (CZTCG) from 2000 to 2020 were collected, and dynamic changes in cropland in the past 20 years were analyzed. Based on this, the mechanisms that drive cropland change were explored in the context of multiple dimensions. Furthermore, an Inertial Development Scenario and a Cropland Priority Scenario were designed to simulate land use/land cover (LULC) changes in the CZTCG in 2025 and 2035, and, in particular, to analyze the characteristics of future spatiotemporal changes of cropland. The results demonstrated that the cropland area in the CZTCG in the past 20 years has shown a two-stage trend of increasing (2000-2015, increase of 8.25%) and decreasing (2015-2020, decrease of 2.91%), and the main reasons for cropland loss in the whole process of change were forest and building, with serious loss of cropland area in Changsha County and Wangcheng District. Between 2000 and 2020, socio-economic factors (GDP, total agricultural output), topography (elevation, slope), and climate change (average annual temperature, annual precipitation) were highly correlated with changes in cropland area, exhibiting significant temporal and regional variability. The simulation results indicate that until 2035, the Cropland Priority Scenario shows a significant increase in the area of cropland in the study area compared to the Inertial Development Scenario. Consequently, the implementation of a strategy that prioritizes cropland can effectively protect it, while helping to promote ecological development and regional socio-economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Macropodus hongkongensis (Freyhof & Herder, 2002), is sparsely distributed in Hong Kong and Guangdong provinces. Recently, a new geographical population of M. hongkongensis was discovered in the Wanquan River in the Hainan province. Therefore, this study focused on sequencing the complete mitochondrial genome of the new geographical population of Macropodus hongkongensis from the Wanquan River. The circular mtDNA molecule was 16,492 bp in size, and the overall base compositions were A (30.30%), C (24.90%), T (29.80%), and G (15.00%), with a slight bias toward A+T. The complete mitogenome encoded 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that M. hongkongensis of the Hainan Wanquan River was most closely related to the M. hongkongensis of the Gongdong population. These results provide useful genetic information for species identification and phylogenetic studies of Macropodus species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergency cesarean section is one of the most critical methods in the treatment of high-risk emergency obstetric cases. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical effect of constructing a Rapid Response Team (RRT) in emergency cesarean section. This is a pre- and post-implementation study. The patients who underwent emergency cesarean section were retrospectively analyzed and divided into an experimental group and a control group. There were 52 patients (June–December 2020) in the control group who underwent routine emergency cesarean section without an RRT, and 51 patients (January–June 2021) in the experimental group who underwent emergency cesarean section with an RRT. The operation time indexes (DOI, decision-to-operating room interval; O-I, operating room-to-incision interval; DII, decision-to-incision interval; I-D, incision-to-delivery interval; DDI, decision-to-delivery interval), DDI pass rate, neonatal Apgar score and maternal complications in the two groups were compared. Moreover, the management time trends (DOI, DII, and DDI) in the experimental group were analyzed. The DDI, DII, DOI, and O-I of the experimental group were shorter than those of the control group, and the differences were significant (p < 0.05). The DDI pass rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was significant (p < 0.01). The 1-min Apgar score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). The key intervals of emergency cesarean section in the experimental group leveled off after approximately 3 to 4 months. In the face of emergency situations, the implementation of an emergency cesarean section RRT can improve delivery intervals for emergency cesarean and would be conducive to maternal and infant safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Yi-Qi Cong-Ming (YQCM) decoction has been widely used to prevent age-related hearing loss (ARHL), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Objective: To explore the mechanism of YQCM decoction in the treatment of ARHL. Materials and methods: The chemical constituents of YQCM were screened from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database. Potential targets of YQCM against ARHL were predicted by DrugBank, GeneCards, and OMIM database. Protein-protein network and enrichment analysis were used for exploring possible molecular mechanisms. Molecular docking and an in vitro model of ARHL by exposing auditory cells with 100 μM H2O2 for 3 h were applied. Cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) were detected by CCK-8 and high-content analysis. γH2AX and cleaved caspase-3 were detected by Western blot. Results: The main compounds have good affinities with hub targets, especially AKT1, PTGS2, and CASP3. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the main biological process and key targets were related to negative regulation of the apoptotic process. H2O2 treatment could reduce the cell viability by 68% and impaired ΔΨM, while 90 μg/mL YQCM pre-treatment could restore the cell viability by 97.45% and increase ΔΨM (2-fold higher). YQCM pre-treatment also reduced γH2AX and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels. Conclusions: Our study suggested that YQCM prevents ARHL by modulating the apoptosis process in auditory hair cells. Moreover, this study proved that bioinformatics analysis combined with molecular docking and cell model is a promising method to explore other possible pharmacological interventions of ARHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is significant to identify the moldy status of stored maize by fungi infection in the early stage. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with the sparse auto-encoders (SAE) and convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms was used to classify the moldy grades of maize kernels. The HSI data were obtained in the range of 400–1000 nm, and four grades from health to heavy mildew were distinguished using the measured fungal spores of maize. The depth spectral features were represented using SAE and the image features were extracted by CNN. K nearest neighbors, support vector machine (SVM), and partial least squares discriminant analysis classifiers were combined with the spectral and image features to establish classification models to identify the different moldy grades of maize kernels. The comparison results indicated that the fusion of SAE and CNN combined with the SVM classifier to construct the SAE-CNN-SVM model had the most satisfactory identification result with high correct recognition rates of 99.47% and 98.94% for the training and testing sets, respectively, and the values of sensitivity and specificity were 0.95–1. The moldy grades were presented intuitively on the maize image based on pixels or kernel-wise. Therefore, the HSI with the SAE-CNN-SVM model had good recognition ability for the early detection of moldy maize kernels, which could potentially provide technical support for the development of online detection of moldy maize kernels during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salvia honania L. H. Bailey is an endemic species, mainly distributed in Henan and Hubei provinces in China. The first complete chloroplast genome of Salvia honania was sequenced and assembled in this study. The genome is 151,559 bp in length and contains 132 encoded genes in total, including 87 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 transfer RNA genes. The phylogenomic analysis showed that Salvia honania was closely related to Salvia meiliensis according the current sampling extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (I-FABP, also called FABP2) is involved in the uptake of dietary fatty acids in the intestine, and its binding specificity is only with long-chain fatty acid. In this study, sequences of 4 exons in pigeon FABP2 were successfully amplified. The encoded protein had a molecular weight of 15.13 kDa and the theoretical pI was 6.75. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the protein was predicted to contain 10 potential phosphorylation sites and did not contain signal peptide structure. The evolutionary analysis suggested the amino acid sequence of pigeon FABP2 was closest to the mallard (Nippoia nippon) homologs. Meanwhile the expression of FABP2 mRNA in different ages and tissues we conducted. It showed that the expression of the FABP2 gene was the highest in the liver, followed by the small intestine and adipose tissue, while lowest in the breast muscle. Also, the expression level in the gizzard was gradually increased with aging. Our results may serve as reference to better studies of the functional characterization and structure of the FABP2 in pigeon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first complete chloroplast genome (cp) of Sinosenecio jishouensis D.G. Zhang, Ying Liu & Q. E. Yang (Asteraceae) was sequenced and assembled in this study. The cp genome was 151,257 bp in length, including a large single-copy(LSC) region of 83,373 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,178 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 24,853 bp each. These sequences encoded 134 genes, including 89 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis based on 18 complete cp sequences revealed that S. jishouensis was closely related to Eclipta prostrata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of the Salangid icefish (Neosalanx taihuensis) was sequenced by the primer walking sequence method. The entire mitochondrial genome of this species is 17,035 bp in length, making it the longest among the reported mitochondrial genomes of Osmeriformes. It contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and one control region (CR). The gene arrangement, nucleotide composition, and codon usage pattern of the mitochondrial genome are similar to those of other teleosts except for two long tandem repeats in the CR. A 486 bp tandem repeat fragment was identified that comprises 2 copies of 243 bp motif and accounts approximately 35.5% of the CR. The 243 bp tandem repeat motif can be folded into a stem-loop secondary structure. Phylogenetic analysis based on 12 concatenated protein-coding genes of the heavy strand shows the genus Neosalanx diverged most recently and clustered with Protosalanx hyalocranius as a clade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractMicrobes are critical contributors in main areas of biotechnology, including green, red, and white biotechnology. This is why the importance of the preservation of microbial resources cannot be emphasized enough. Culture collections are repositories not only for the preservation and maintenance of a large variety of microbial resources and the associated data but also for their distribution in a quality-controlled manner. The mission of culture collections facilitates and supports utilization of microbial resources for research, education, and industrial purposes. Led by the World Federation for Culture Collections, an international organization committed to fostering the activities of culture collections of microorganisms and cell lines, more than 850 culture collections from 80 countries and regions work together to ensure the perpetuation of microbial resources. In addition, domestic networks, such as Japan Society for Culture Collections and United States Culture Collection Network along with regional networks for Europe, Latin America, and Asia thrive to ensure the long-term viability of microbial resources. The Republic of Korea recently took the first step in networking through the coordination of six ministries which house nine national microbial culture collections. With an explosion in microbiome research and a dramatic increase in the number of microbiome samples, the considerable challenge of culture collections will therefore be implementing the biobanking infrastructure of microbiome samples. Creating a domestic network of national culture collections is a key factor in efficiently and comprehensively managing nation-led microbiome research projects, particularly resulting microbiome samples. In this context, this review aims to provide an overview of microbial culture collection network and their future role to address the challenge in the microbiome era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]