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Evidence about the effect of age at menarche (AAM) on blood pressure (BP) has largely been drawn from studies in developed countries. Studies in developing countries are expanding recently but have not been summarised. To systematically explore the association between AAM and BP and the potential modifiers in developing countries. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for publications until March 2022. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Twenty studies were eligible. In studies with participants' mean age at BP assessment <55 years, women in the oldest group as compared with the middle or the youngest group of AAM had a higher risk of hypertension in those studies without adjustment for confounders (RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.41–2.28, I2=97.0%), those with adjustment for confounders excluding adiposity (1.25,1.04–1.51, I2=84.8%), and those with adjustment for confounders including adiposity (1.38,1.03–1.86, I2=91.8%). In studies with participants' mean age at BP assessment ≥55 years, no significant differences were found for studies without adjustment for confounders (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.78–1.47, I2=90.3%), studies with adjustment for confounders excluding adiposity (0.85, 0.78–0.92, I2=12.3%), or studies with adjustment for confounders including adiposity (0.95, 0.80–1.11, I2=45.5%). A similar association was observed between AAM and baseline systolic BP and diabolic BP. Late menarche was associated with a higher risk of BP and this association was modified by age and adiposity in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (FeCoNi)86Ti7Al7 multi-principal-element alloy with a dual heterogeneous microstructure was successfully fabricated by selective laser melting, exhibiting an excellent combination of strength (ultimate tensile strength, 1085.2 ± 23.2 MPa) and ductility (30.5 ± 2.6%). It is evidenced that the joint effects of the hetero-deformation induced hardening from grains with heterogeneous geometrically necessary dislocations densities, in-situ formed B2 phase, and the coherent precipitation hardening from in-situ formed nano L12 phase were responsible for the strength. This work sheds light on the feasibility of simplifying the production of multi-mechanism strengthened alloys within one step and paves a new avenue to produce high-performance complex-shaped components. (FeCoNi)86Ti7Al7 multi-principal-element alloy exhibiting heterogeneity on the grains structure and in-situ precipitation was successfully fabricated by selective laser melting. It shows both good tensile strength and ductility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A heterogeneous (α + β) titanium alloy with extraordinary tensile properties was prepared. The heterogeneous microstructures, consisting of soft βfiber and hard (α + β)matrix, were achieved by controlling the distribution of β-stabilizing element. The heterogeneous alloy exhibits ultra-high strength of 1634 MPa with reasonable ductility, which is much higher compared to the homogeneous counterpart. The plastic incompatibility of the βfiber and (α + β)matrix produces hetero-deformation induced (HDI) hardening, which is the main reason for the enhanced strength. Moreover, the α-twining and martensitic transformation are responsible for the good ductility. This work provides a new strategy to achieve superior strength-ductility combination for multi-phase alloys. Heterogeneous phase-distribution was realized in an (α + β) titanium alloy to achieve superior strength-ductility combination based on hetero-deformation induced hardening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]