994 results
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2. Chronic illness in South Asia: rethinking discourses of risk, evidence, and control.
- Author
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Ranganathan, Shubha
- Subjects
CHRONIC disease risk factors ,PREVENTION of chronic diseases ,HEALTH policy ,CHRONIC diseases ,DIET ,DIABETES ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,HEALTH behavior ,MENTAL illness - Abstract
This special issue brings together five original research papers on chronic conditions in South Asian contexts with a view to rethink dominant discourses of risk, evidence and control surrounding the category of chronic conditions. Focusing on the multiple and contradictory (re)definitions of what counts as illness, specifically in the context of the rising burden of chronic illness, the papers in this issue deal with a range of health care practices from individual patients negotiating with 'healthy diet', to policy questions about the etiology of emerging disease burden and appropriateness of pharmaceutical interventions in 'traditional' sites of healing. While some of the chronic illnesses addressed in this special issue have received considerable attention from anthropologists (e.g. mental illness, diabetes), others, like leucorrhea have rarely been studied by anthropologists, despite the growing literature on 'chronic illnesses'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Visual evidence? Rethinking anthropological photography in republican China (1912–1949).
- Author
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Zhu, Jing
- Subjects
- *
ETHNOGRAPHIC analysis , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *PHOTOGRAPHY , *MARRIAGE - Abstract
Focusing on ethnographic photography representing ethnic minorities on China's southwest frontier during the Republican era (1912–1949), this paper reconsiders the role of photography as a source of evidence. The cross-cultural case in China extends studies of anthropology and photography beyond a European context and complicates our understanding of 'photographic evidence' by probing how such evidence was collected, produced, circulated and perceived in Han Chinese society. While photography played a significant role as an evidential force for anthropological and ethnographic endeavors, photography as 'evidence' was negotiated within the Chinese social, political, and cultural context of ethnicity. In spite of anthropological photography's western origins, it is impossible to fully understand work representing the non-Han subject in Republican China without analyzing its relationship with the visual tradition of the Miao album, a late imperial Chinese genre of ethnographic illustration. Through a critical reading of 'photographic evidence' pertaining to non-Han women's work, marriage and dance, this paper reveals the paradox of anthropological photography as visual evidence and highlights the social constitution of such work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Homing social housing in Brussels: engagements in architectural anthropology through three visualisations.
- Author
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Bosmans, Claire, Li, Jingjing, Pang, Ching Lin, and d'Auria, Viviana
- Subjects
- *
HOUSING , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *VISUALIZATION , *CITIES & towns , *TENANTS - Abstract
Architectural anthropology offers a way to critically analyse spaces through the social life that happens around them. It is a qualitative approach that relies on ethnography to connect larger systems and subjective dimensions, self-reflexivity, and the use of visualisations as a key analytical tool. This paper reflects on the possible contribution of architectural anthropology to housing studies. More specifically, it looks at homing processes in social housing, interrogating how non-domestic spaces perform through tenants' inhabitation practices. It tests ways to visualise ethnographic data gathered during immersive fieldwork that involved participant observation and informal interactions in a high-rise estate in Brussels. Three types of visualisations (subjective map, annotated photograph, lived-in axonometry) are presented to articulate the paper's discussion of homing, un-homing and de-homing processes at the level of a district, urban interstices, and beyond social housing. Ultimately, the paper concludes that architectural anthropology may contribute further to housing studies by exploring the relationship between home(making) and urban contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The Garden Realm of Pale Ratiocinations: Toward the Abolition of a Dark Fantastic Theological Imaginary of Human Being.
- Author
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Wood-House, Nathan D.
- Subjects
- *
ANTHROPOLOGY , *ABOLITIONISTS - Abstract
Anti-Blackness adumbrates rationality and reaches into phobic realms, what Frantz Fanon called the "paralogical." Ebony Elizabeth Thomas's The Dark Fantastic links the dark fantastic imagination and the Dark Other of speculative fiction to their cultural iterations and augments the paralogicality of anti-Blackness by accounting for the narrative roles of hesitation and belief. This paper argues that it is further necessary to assert the narrative significance of nineteenth century Christian, pre-Adamite and/or Serpent Seed theological anthropologies for the production of what one might call a dark fantastic theological imaginary of human being. The paper argues, further, far from being a bygone heresy, the pre-Adamite mythos lives on in the "thin blue line" anthropology of contemporary policing. The paper therefore looks ultimately for abolitionist possibilities to interrupt this imaginary, which it sees in the theological counternarrative of Black being in Matt Ruff's novel Lovecraft Country and its TV adaptation by Misha Green. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Open Access to Publications to Expand Participation in Archaeology.
- Author
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Marwick, Ben
- Subjects
PHILOSOPHY of archaeology ,DIGITAL technology ,FEMINIST theory ,ARCHAEOLOGISTS ,MANUSCRIPTS ,ANTHROPOLOGY - Abstract
The Norwegian Archaeological Review has published several exciting articles recently that advance our understanding of openness in archaeological theory and practice. There is a gap between the ideas of broadening participation described in these papers and the limits on participation imposed by the publication choices surrounding these papers. This comment investigates the source of this gap, analyses the problems it causes, and suggests steps towards a solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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7. Necroharms: the normalisation and routinisation of social death in refugee camps on the Greek Island of Lesvos.
- Author
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Iliadou, Evgenia
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGY of refugees ,PRACTICAL politics ,GOVERNMENT regulation ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,VIOLENCE ,EXPERIENCE ,REFUGEE camps ,DEATH - Abstract
This paper explores the consequences of the necropolitical border regime on border crossers' lives on the Greek island of Lesvos. It focuses on the manifold abandonments (left-to-die practices) that border crossers experience inside and beyond the refugee camps and detention centres, arguing that this inhuman and degrading treatment inflicts, normalises and naturalises disposability, humiliation, and social death. The paper combines a social harm approach, critical migration and border studies, and insights from anthropology to analyse border crossers' lived experiences of violence. In doing so, the paper contributes to the growing literature on the politics of abandonment and disposability as a modus operandi of migration governance. It also expands on social harm typologies by introducing a new conceptual category of harm which I term 'necroharms'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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8. Interethnic relations in Toro: Some issues.
- Author
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Sommerfelt, Axel Alfssøn
- Subjects
ETHNIC relations ,MANUSCRIPTS ,ASSIMILATION (Sociology) ,ANTHROPOLOGY - Abstract
This paper was written in Norwegian in 1967 for the symposium, organized by Fredrik Barth, that led to the publication of Ethnic Groups and Boundaries in 1969. My paper was never submitted for publication, however, and the present text is a direct translation of the original manuscript. It explores ethnic processes in Uganda before independence, from the point of view of a group under domination, and strategies adopted by the ethnic Konzo minority vis a vis the Toro in the Bwamba area. In accordance with the doctrine of indirect rule, the British administration had given the Toro extensive freedoms to legally and politically control the entire Kingdom of Toro, including the minority Konzo and Amba groups. Early attempts among Konzo of assimilation into Toro society in order to access economic and political resources failed, largely due to Toro exclusiveness. I argue that this failure led to a further accentuation of ethnic boundaries. These processes precede the later rebellions against Toro rule, which flared up in Ruwenzori after independence. My paper brings attention to the ways in which political subordination shapes ethnic dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Curriculum Transformation for the Futuristic Worlds: Design Anthropology for Twenty-First Century African Universities.
- Author
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Nhemachena, Artwell
- Abstract
In their efforts to dissuade Africans from engaging fruitfully on matters of design, including design anthropology, colonialists dismissed the indigenes as only capable of designing witchcraft and sorcery for which they were sadly famed in colonial anthropology. Arguing that twenty-first century African universities need to include design anthropology in the curriculum, this paper contends that the future of anthropology, and of Africa, lies in design as is evident in discourses and practices on designer babies, designer humanoid sex robots, industrial robots, designer robotic spouses, synthetic biology, Artificial Intelligence, human enhancements, nanofabrication, biohacking, gene and genome editing, reverse engineering and rewiring humans, gene and genome deletion, social designs and so on. Drawing on autoethnography and extensive literature review, the paper argues that design anthropology is increasingly becoming relevant in a world that is rethinking modernist designs which are at the core of the Anthropocene. Put differently, design anthropology enables [African] graduates to engage with contemporary, empirical issues of design in a twenty-first-century world where the discipline can only survive by shifting focus from an obsession with sterile discourses about, inter alia, the past and present of African witchcraft, culture, society and sorcery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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10. The Price of Wealth: Scarcity and Abundance in an Unequal World.
- Author
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McGahey, Richard
- Subjects
- *
PRICES , *SCARCITY , *ANTHROPOLOGISTS - Abstract
This article reviews and summarizes six economics papers written as part of a project bringing together economists and anthropologists on conceptions and analyses of wealth. The project paired economists and anthropologists in order to illuminate differences in method, analytic technique, and disciplinary framings between the two fields. Anthropologists comment on the economists' papers from their discipline's point of view. The overall project was intended to increase understanding and to encourage future collaborations and learning between the two fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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11. Transinsular Networks of the Caribbean Seascape.
- Author
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Cubero, Carlo
- Subjects
- *
MARITIME anthropology , *COSMOPOLITANISM , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *MULTICULTURALISM - Abstract
This paper examines the sea as a metonym for visualising the Caribbean island experience. This paper argues that islanders' relations with the sea are maintained through a double condition of connection and isolation, alienation and familiarity. This paper's theoretical position is informed by 'transinsularism', an approach that addresses how insular identities are constituted in relation to other island spaces. This paper's argument is contextualised with historical and ethnographic material on the island of Culebra, an offshore municipality of Puerto Rico. The historical material addresses the colonisation of Culebra in the 1880s by interests of the Spanish Crown, the occupation of the island by the US Navy and its liberation. The sea features at the foreground of these processes. This paper concludes that islanders maintain a sense of specific insular regard while self-consciously engaged in multiple network-generating networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Art, Anthropology and Non-Han Bodies: Pang Xunqin's Paintings of Miao People in Guizhou Province in the 1940s.
- Author
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Zhu, Jing
- Subjects
UIGHUR (Turkic people) ,HISTORY of anthropology ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,CHINESE people ,MINORITIES ,ANTHROPOLOGISTS ,ETHNOHISTORY - Abstract
This paper considers the ways in which the painter Pang Xunqin "translated" the bodies of non-Han people, by examining his visual representation of the Miao people of Guizhou during the 1940s. His work needs to be understood within the context of the history of anthropology in Republican China. Since he worked closely with Chinese anthropologists his work was largely informed by an anthropological understanding of human diversity and of ethnographic collecting and museum practice, a matter hardly explored among current studies on Pang Xunqin. Pang's representation of the Miao was influenced in equal measure by customary Chinese ethnographic illustration and Western anthropological photography. This paper highlights the many sources that can be found in Pang's works and reveals how he depicted the peripheral frontier. The biopolitics of the body, employed as a system of ethnic classification by Chinese anthropologists, affected Pang's visualization of Miao bodies. In order to build a politicized and unifying Zhonghua minzu, Chinese anthropologists, demonstrated bodily similarities between Han Chinese and ethnic minorities in the southwest of China under categories of "Mongoloid" or "Yellow" racial types. Pang thus depicted Miao bodies by emphasizing their bodily similarities with the majority Han Chinese and adopting the physical features of "Mongoloid/Yellow." His work provides a fine example of the ways in which art can become politicized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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13. “What’s said and done in the mortuary stays in the mortuary”: secrecy and (in)visibility of the dead and data collection in South Australia.
- Author
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Fratini, Annamaria, Hemer, Susan R., and Chur-Hansen, Anna
- Abstract
This paper draws on original ethnographic research in Australia focussing on the handling, management, and conceptualisation of death and the dead human body in 2020–2021. Analysis produced themes of secrecy and (in)visibility regarding both death and the collection of data. Key findings discussed are the withdrawal of information and off-the-record comments from participants, controlling of public access to information, and the (in)visibility of death and the body in the context of the mortuary, viewings and identifications, and the presentation of the body in virtual spaces. The paper argues that those who work with death and the dead in this particular context have power to shield their work, the body, and their processes from the public. Future research exploring the attitudes held by the general public towards death and the body and whether they align or challenge the death industry is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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14. A dark coevolution: racial discourses and transnationalism in interwar Czechoslovakia.
- Author
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Pojar, Vojtěch
- Subjects
- *
TRANSNATIONALISM , *EUGENICS , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *INTERNATIONALISM , *DICTATORSHIP , *RADICALISM - Abstract
This paper explores the links among internationalism, nationalism and racial discourses in post-Habsburg Central Europe. Focusing on Czech advocates of racial anthropology and eugenics, the paper documents that scientists embracing racial discourses did not evade scientific internationalism, either as an ideology or as a practice. Instead, in attempting to renew and expand their networks after the collapse of the empire, they were among its pioneers in interwar Czechoslovakia. This keen yet ambiguous embrace of internationalism that linked them to their counterparts in the Allied powers in the 1920s was reconfigured in the following decade. The 1930s were characterized by a search for alternative transnational models driven by political and epistemic challenges associated with the process of state-building and changing theories of heredity. This search resulted in interactions involving even Europe's colonies and dictatorships and became a significant, though not the only, factor contributing to the radicalization of these scientific communities. Analysing these exchanges as a manifestation of the 'dark side of transnationalism', the paper argues for the utility of this concept for the history of post-Habsburg Central Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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15. The darkest field of medicine? The integration of psychological knowledge into medical education in the Habsburg Monarchy (1780s–1840s).
- Author
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Kovács, Janka
- Subjects
- *
MEDICINE , *MEDICAL education , *MONARCHY , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *PHILOSOPHY - Abstract
This paper focuses on a specific aspect of the emergence of psychology and psychiatry as scientific disciplines in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It examines how psychological knowledge, which was scattered across different fields of knowledge such as philosophy and anthropology, as well as medical subfields such as physiology, pathology and state medicine, was filtered into medical education in three medical faculties of the Habsburg Monarchy: Vienna, Prague and Pest. As education was the primary arena of producing authoritative medical knowledge, the three institutions played a key role in the transfers of knowledge within the Monarchy and in shaping 'official' medical practices acknowledged by the state. These in turn could be used to validate different measures to normalize or optimize its population. Through the lens of education and the underlying tension between the different approaches to psychological knowledge that constituted a type of 'arcane knowledge' in the period, with fluid and often dubious boundaries and questionable applicability, the article points at the epistemological uncertainty and transitory nature of the psychological field. The paper also looks at how it was nevertheless integrated into medical education with varying success by the 1840s as part of the professionalization of psychiatry and with the pronounced aim of training specialists who could cooperate in creating functioning spaces for the mad where they could not only be kept, but also normalized and (re)integrated into society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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16. Kinship, double descent and gender politics amongst the Dimasas of Northeast India.
- Author
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Gogoi, Prithibi Pratibha and Kikhi, Kedilezo
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL science , *ETHNOLOGY , *ANTHROPOLOGY - Abstract
This essay is based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out among the Dimasas (of Assam and Nagaland) in Northeastern India. This Indigenous group has a system of double descent which places them separately from the other ethnic groups in the Indian subcontinent. In double descent, lineages are drawn through both the paternal and maternal lines of descent. The existing literature suggests that studies on double descent have mostly focused on ethnic groups in Africa, while not much research has been done on Dimasas or other Indigenous groups with double descent in the region. The paper attempts to fill the gap in South Asian anthropological literature on kinship discourses by focusing on the Dimasas of Northeast India. Further, by taking gender as an analytical tool, the paper attempts to explore the complex cultural contours of the double descent system, which intricately gets subsumed within the patriarchal setup in Dimasa society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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17. 'Hawa' and 'resistensiya': local health knowledge and the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.
- Author
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Tan, Michael Lim and Lasco, Gideon
- Subjects
COMMUNICABLE disease treatment ,VITAMIN therapy ,PREVENTION of communicable diseases ,HEALTH policy ,CULTURE ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,CONVERSATION ,INTERVIEWING ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,PUBLIC health ,HEALTH literacy ,ETHNOLOGY research ,ATTITUDES toward illness ,HEALTH attitudes ,IMMUNITY ,PARTICIPANT observation ,SOCIAL distancing ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Understanding people's concepts of illness and health is key to crafting policies and communications campaigns to address a particular medical concern. This paper gathers cultural knowledge on infectious disease causation, prevention, and treatment the Philippines that are particularly relevant for the COVID-19 pandemic, and analyzes their implications for public health. This paper draws from ethnographic work (e.g. participant observation, interviews, conversations, virtual ethnography) carried out individually by each of the two authors from February to September 2020. The data was analyzed in relation to the anthropological literature on local health knowledge in the Philippines. We find that notions of hawa (contagion) and resistensiya (immunity) inform people's views of illness causation as well as their preventive practices - including the use of face masks and 'vitamins' and other pharmaceuticals, as well as the ways in which they negotiate prescriptions of face mask use and physical distancing. These perceptions and practices go beyond biomedical knowledge and are continuously being shaped by people's everyday experiences and circulations of knowledge in traditional and social media. Our study reveals that people's novel practices reflect recurrent, familiar, and long-held concepts - such as the moral undertones of hawa and experimentation inherent in resistensiya. Policies and communications efforts should acknowledge and anticipate how these notions may serve as either barriers or facilitators to participatory care and improved health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Instrumentalising therapeutic and enhancement drugs as pharmacological technologies with politicogenic drug effects.
- Author
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Hupli, Aleksi
- Subjects
CLINICAL drug trials ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,TECHNOLOGY ,PHARMACEUTICAL chemistry - Abstract
This paper continues to develop 'drugs as instruments' framework by reviewing Science and Technology Studies (STS), critical drug studies and anthropology of pharmaceuticals literature that frames drugs as pharmacological technologies. By discussing especially human enhancement drugs (HEDs) this approach is situated in the new materialist turn in critical drug studies. All drugs, medical and nonmedical, are framed as pharmacological technologies and discussed as nonhuman actors. When discussing drugs as technologies the paper will focus generally on their 'social effects' which include extra-pharmacological variables. These extra-pharmacological variables include what the author refers to as politicogenic drug effects, meaning effects that derive from contemporary drug policing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Putting anthropology in its (hospitable) place: Harry Shapiro's fieldwork on Pitcairn Island, 1934–1935.
- Author
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Young, Adrian
- Subjects
ANTHROPOLOGY ,HOSPITALITY ,SAILORS - Abstract
This paper examines American physical anthropologist Harry Shapiro's anthropometric fieldwork on Pitcairn Island in 1934–1935 to argue for hospitality as a vital subject of and analytic framework for histories of anthropological fieldwork. Attention to hospitality as a historically situated mode by which locals engaged their guests makes visible the larger structures and contexts in which fieldwork took place. Specific hospitable forms emerged on Pitcairn Island as the result of iterative encounter with outside investigators, including sailors and agents of the colonial state. When Shapiro arrived as part of an American Museum of Natural History expedition in 1934, his investigation was accommodated and managed through an already elaborated script, shepherding him through a process of arrival, lodging, sightseeing, and sentimentalized departure. That script made possible the collection of anthropometric measurements and the gathering of genealogical data understood as forms of 'gossip'. However, hospitality on Pitcairn also emerged as a practice for negotiating incommensurability and alterity, especially as investigator and subject understood in different ways the meanings and relative secrecy of the knowledge they co-produced. Ultimately, Shapiro's ambivalent approach to the status of race as a scientific category was shaped by his encounter with Pitcairn's local hospitable forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The work of reform: a critical examination of health policy.
- Author
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Razon, Na'amah and Sideman, Alissa Bernstein
- Subjects
HEALTH policy ,CULTURE ,PRACTICAL politics ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,HEALTH care reform ,ETHNOLOGY research ,RESEARCH funding ,HEALTH equity - Abstract
Anthropologists have critically examined a range of reforms from education and land to finance and health. Yet the predominant way of looking at reforms has been through a lens focused on neoliberal governance. For example, prior studies of health reforms focus on insurance, financing, and access to care. Yet, seeing reform in this way fails to attend to other types of cultural work at play when calling a policy or law a reform. In this paper, we draw on ethnographic research on health policy reforms in Israel and Bolivia to examine the concept of reform and the work it does within national movements. We argue that while the language of reform often signals change or novelty, reforms also carry forward historical continuities and reifications of the past. By delving into the past and its relationship with ongoing health reforms, we attend to how reforms can reinforce and maintain health inequities in some cases, while creating a national language for new possibilities in others. Reform, as we will discuss in this paper, is not only about political ideology, neoliberal governance, or on-the-ground policy implementation, but centrally it is about representations of aspirations, and about crafting relationships between past, present, and future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Encounters with liminality: - transformative practices in the building of an adoptive family.
- Author
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Sims, Dr Louise
- Subjects
ADOPTION & psychology ,PROFESSIONAL practice ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,PSYCHOLOGY of mothers ,SOCIAL workers ,FAMILY medicine ,FAMILIES ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,EXPERIENCE ,ETHNOLOGY research ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,CASE studies ,SOCIAL services ,EMOTIONS ,GROUP process - Abstract
In England the macro context of adoption practice is characterised by radical change across administrative, political and organisational systems. The adoption regionalisation programme is underpinned by a policy commitment to speed up 'matching' processes. The Adoption and Children (Coronavirus) (Amendment) Regulations 2020 states that adoptions should 'proceed swiftly' and some agencies are pioneering online and virtual introductions between children and prospective adopters. This paper offers a timely contribution to practice debates and scholarship in this area. Drawing on a collaborative doctoral study, 'everyday' practices are considered through an emergent theoretical framework, the 'liminal hotspot'. The analysis hones in on the transformative practices generated in the early matching stages and the role of the social worker in their mediation and management. This paper supports findings from other studies that suggest that when matches are rushed necessary processing of complex dynamics is by-passed, creating unnecessary vulnerabilities in the fabric of new families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Governance of the commons and social values: a dialogue between Elinor Ostrom's work and the francophone theory of reciprocity.
- Author
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Sabourin, Eric
- Subjects
SOCIAL values ,RECIPROCITY (Psychology) ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,ECONOMIC anthropology ,COMMONS ,RESOURCE management - Abstract
This paper analyses the importance of reciprocity in the processes and procedures recorded in the management of common resources. First, it examines the role that Elinor Ostrom attributes to the norm of reciprocity in her approach to common property resources. Second, it interprets economic and social relationships in the management of common resources as seen by Francophone economic anthropology's theory of reciprocity. The argument relies on the application of these two theoretical and methodological approaches to the analysis of common resources management systems in the Northeast of Brazil and in New Caledonia. The conclusion attempts to establish a dialogue between Ostrom's proposals and the theory of reciprocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. When the clinic becomes home: on the limits of kinship care in an eating disorder treatment centre in Italy.
- Author
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Sciolli, Giulia
- Subjects
- *
CHRONIC disease treatment , *TREATMENT of eating disorders , *THERAPEUTICS , *FAMILY medicine , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *FAMILY roles , *HUMANITY , *RESIDENTIAL care , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *LONG-term health care - Abstract
Drawing on fieldwork in a public residential facility for eating disorders in central Italy, the paper examines the relational temporalities of therapeutics by looking at how time affects treatment at the intersection of professional and family care practices. In arguing that 'chronic cases' put into question the specific kind of kinship care that is at the basis of treatment, the paper contributes to the anthropological literature on eating disorders by bringing time under the analytical lens, and to the literature on 'chronicity' by complicating simplified assumptions about structural care problems. In addition, the paper draws on and goes beyond anthropological works that have highlighted the potentially harmful side of kinship - including those that have explored how kinship can be framed as a source of mental distress and at the same time as a therapeutic tool. Kinship as a therapeutic tool here becomes risky because professionals need to borrow from kinship practices in their own work with patients, balancing those with the necessary clinical detachment. The paper shows that the time chronic patients need in residential treatment generates a particularly complex mix between what is seen as 'functional' and what is seen as 'dysfunctional' in kinship care, because the 'efficacy' of the kinship work that is at the basis of treatment rests on that being partial and temporary. Long term care in the facility complicates what otherwise allows clinical detachment: the treatment team ends up literally substituting the patient's family, with professional and family care mixing 'too much' with one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Education as anthropology: A.P. Elkin on 'native education', the Pacific, and Australia in the 1930s.
- Author
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Paisley, Fiona
- Subjects
- *
EDUCATION of Aboriginal Australians , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *EDUCATIONAL equalization ,AUSTRALIAN history - Abstract
In 1936, Prof A. P. Elkin attended a seminar in Hawaii lasting several weeks, on the topic of 'native education'. In his various papers presented to a range of experts from the region and beyond during the formal conference held in Honolulu as part of the residency, Elkin set out his views on the future of the Indigenous people of Australia. Education would be pivotal to this new approach on pragmatic and humanitarian grounds. Elkin concurred with the findings of the residency: local forms of adapted education were considered appropriate for most Aboriginal Australians, only a minority continuing into further education; communities as well as children should be better prepared for their integration into the nation as the Indigenous people. This paper sets out to interrogate the proximity of anthropology and education in these claims, and the elision of Aboriginal people's agency including their contemporaneous campaigns for equal education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Archival ethnography and ethnography of archiving: Towards an anthropology of riot inquiry commission reports in postcolonial India.
- Author
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Punathil, Salah
- Subjects
ETHNOLOGY ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,POSTCOLONIALISM ,VIOLENCE ,ANTHROPOLOGISTS - Abstract
This paper examines the challenges and possibilities of combining archival and ethnographic methods in the field of 'communal' violence studies in India. Drawing insights from debates among historians and anthropologists on the multifarious interactions between archives and ethnography and reflecting on the empirical case of persistent violence between Muslims and Christians in southern India, it argues for a creative synthesis of these two modes of inquiry for an adequate understanding of 'communal' violence and riot inquiry commissions in India. First, the paper critiques how colonial and postcolonial Indian archival reports problematically inscribe violence between any religious communities (such as Muslims and Christians) in the same narrative as the predominant case of Hindu-Muslim conflict. Second, it illuminates how archival ethnography can be an effective way of studying violence between religious communities and thus transcend conventional disciplinary boundaries. Finally, the paper introduces a nuanced approach, called 'ethnography of archiving', to detail the judicial and nonjudicial discourses and bureaucratic manoeuvring involved in the creation of an archival report, thereby unravelling the power relations, mediating processes, manipulations and bureaucratic performances that make commission reports problematic even today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Representations of childness: the memorialisation of children in the Australian cemetery 1836 – 2018.
- Author
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Muller, Stephen
- Subjects
- *
ANTHROPOLOGY , *GROUP identity , *PARENT-child relationships , *EMOTIONS , *HOME environment , *PERINATAL death , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *SOCIAL status , *BEREAVEMENT , *INTERMENT , *CHILDREN - Abstract
This paper explores the cultural conceptualisation of children's social identity and status through memorialisation, based on the study of children's grave markers and plots in five South Australian cemeteries (from colonisation to the present), with an age range from infant (including stillborn) to 20 years. The idea of childness, the differing conception of being or being labelled a child, was used as a measure to identify the degree of variation in child identity realised by child-only and family grave markers, showing both change and continuity in the representation of children through family choices of form, style, wording, motif, spatial arrangement and grave furniture. Archaeological evidence of childness was observed through representations of smallness, innocence, domesticity, play, temporality and the distinct emotional nature of the parent-child relationship. Notably in the latter period of study, within the context of lower child mortality, revised understandings of child identity and status were observed representing the social re-evaluation of prenatally deceased and stillborn children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. 'Everywhere' and 'on the spot': locality and attachments to the fallen 'out of place' in contemporary rural Germany.
- Author
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Tradii, Laura
- Subjects
- *
WORLD War II , *BATTLEFIELDS , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *ETHNOLOGY - Abstract
This paper, based on 15 months of fieldwork and archival research carried out in 2018/2019 for my PhD in Social Anthropology, takes as its object the everyday coexistence with the Second World War military dead scattered across the rural landscape of Brandenburg, formerly part of the German Democratic Republic (1949–1990). Focusing on the practices through which the living relate to the war dead 'out of place', I argue that the construction of the war dead as valued members of the social collectivity does not necessarily depend upon their ritual 'separation'. Indeed, the physical proximity of the misplaced and unrelated war dead in my fieldsite results in their adoption and conceptualization as local dead. I contextualize attachments to the fallen in the local history of chaotic 'total war', which collapsed the boundary between the military and civilian experience of war, and transformed the spaces of everyday life into battlefields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. 'He has not been playing the game with us': Paul Kirchhoff in imperial Britain.
- Author
-
Gray, Geoffrey and Winter, Christine
- Subjects
- *
ANTHROPOLOGISTS , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *POLITICAL affiliation ,COLONIAL Africa - Abstract
The decision by the British Colonial Office to prohibit the German-born anthropologist Paul Kirchhoff from entering any empire African colony, including South Africa, created a diplomatic problem as well a nearly derailing a major research project, 'the Changing African', developed by the German linguist Diedrich Westermann, London School of Economics (LSE) anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski and JR Oldham, secretary of the London-based International Institute of African Languages and Cultures (IIALC). This paper examines academic and political freedom, as well as the treatment of émigré scholars – those forced to leave for political and/or racial reasons –, in interwar imperial Britain and its colonies using Kirchhoff as a case study. It scrutinizes the role of government and its instrumentalities on the appointment of researchers, using political affiliation as a key factor; secondly, it investigates how quasi-academic institutions, such as the IIALC and the Australian National Research Council (ANRC) acquiesced to government demands. It also illuminates the transnational aspect of security services and the international reach of academic anthropology. Thirdly, it traces the impact such actions had on research project(s), that is, how research projects were modified considering a perceived or anticipated response by government and its instrumentalities in the colonies and dominions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Sorcery and well-being: bodily transformation at Beckeranta.
- Author
-
Whitaker, James Andrew
- Subjects
WELL-being ,SPIRITUALITY ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,WITCHCRAFT ,SHAMANISM ,BODY image - Abstract
This paper examines bodily transformation and well-being within the context of a millenarian movement that emerged during the 1840s in the area surrounding Mount Roraima at the periphery of Brazil, Guyana (British Guiana at the time), and Venezuela. The site of this movement was Beckeranta – meaning 'Land of the Whites' – where up to 400 Amerindians were reportedly killed in a quest that is described in its sole historical account as centred around a goal of bodily transformation into white people. In examining this movement, the paper engages with longstanding debates in medical anthropology concerning the body, as well as conversations among Amazonianists concerning the social formation of bodies, and examines sorcery and shamanism as practices that go 'beyond the body'. Notions of bodily transformation in Amazonia, which are often activated by strong emotions, facilitate conceptual expansions of the body in medical anthropology. The paper suggests that bodily transformations tied to sorcery and shamanism are in some contexts, such as at Beckeranta, associated with desires for well-being. Supplemental data for this article is available online at . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Scheler and Zambrano: on a transformation of the heart in Spanish philosophy.
- Author
-
Enquist Källgren, Karolina and Vendrell Ferran, Íngrid
- Subjects
SPANISH philosophy ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,METAPHOR ,PHENOMENOLOGY - Abstract
This paper compares the concept of the heart in the works of Max Scheler and María Zambrano. Both authors use the heart as a metaphor for distinct human affective phenomena that have a central anthropological, epistemological, and ontological significance. The comparison between authors' use of the metaphor is organised around three main topics: the order of the heart; the idea of a primordial feeling and its place in the affective life; and the primacy of love in relation to negative affective attitudes. Our aim is twofold: to investigate the influence of Scheler on Zambrano's thought and to demonstrate how Scheler's phenomenology of affectivity transformed in Spanish philosophy and, in particular, in Zambrano's work. After introducing the topic (section 1), the paper focuses on Scheler's model of affectivity (section 2), presents an overview of Scheler's reception in Spain focusing on Zambrano's knowledge of his works (section 3), and examines Zambrano's notion of the heart tracing parallelisms in Scheler's works (section 4). The paper concludes with a discussion on Zambrano's extension and transformation of the metaphor of the heart in the context of Spanish philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Gendered care at the margins: Ebola, gender, and caregiving practices in Uganda's border districts.
- Author
-
Schmidt-Sane, Megan, Nielsen, Jannie, Chikombero, Mandi, Lubowa, Douglas, Lwanga, Miriam, Gamusi, Jonathan, Kabanda, Richard, and Kaawa-Mafigiri, David
- Subjects
TREATMENT of Ebola virus diseases ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability ,PUBLIC health ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,SEX distribution ,QUALITATIVE research ,RESEARCH funding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PATIENT care ,JUDGMENT sampling ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
In July 2019, Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was declared a public health emergency of international concern and neighbouring countries were put on high alert. This paper examines the intersections of gender, caregiving, and livelihood practices in Uganda's border districts that emerged as key factors to consider in preparedness and response. This paper is based on an anthropological study of the Ebola context among Bantu cultures. We report on data from focus group discussions and key informant interviews with various sectors of the community. The study identified intersecting themes reported here: (1) women as primary caregivers in this context; and (2) women as providers, often in occupations that increase vulnerability to Ebola. Findings demonstrate the role that women play inside and outside the home as caregivers of the sick and during burials, and intersections with livelihood-seeking strategies. Because women's caregiving is largely unpaid, women face a double burden of work as they seek other livelihood strategies that sometimes increase vulnerability to Ebola. Epidemic response should address these intersections and the context-specific vulnerabilities of caregivers; it should also be localised and community-centred and able to attend to the cultural as well as the economic needs of a community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Slim choices: young people's experiences of individual responsibility for childhood obesity.
- Author
-
Boni, Zofia
- Subjects
PREVENTION of obesity ,CHILDHOOD obesity ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,INTERVIEWING ,PUBLIC health ,FOOD preferences ,PHYSICAL activity ,ETHNOLOGY research ,SOCIAL context ,WEIGHT loss ,RESEARCH funding ,POLICY sciences ,FAMILY relations - Abstract
When trying to understand childhood obesity, policymakers and healthcare professionals most often make use of behavioural sciences and biomedical perspectives. This approach assumes that fatness is unhealthy and caused by people making 'bad choices' about their diet and physical activity. Increasingly not only parents, but also children, are considered to be individually responsible for their weight, their health, and through that, for the 'obesity epidemic'. Drawing on critical obesity/weight studies and practice theory, this paper challenges the individualistic and weight-based view of health, and the heuristic of 'individual food choice', and through that such a framing of childhood obesity. It does so by focusing on the experiences of young people medically identified as overweight, who are trying to lose weight. Looking at two domains of children's lives, their family and peers, the paper demonstrates how young people experience and negotiate the individualized health advice, and what sort of consequences this has for their daily lives, and their mental and physical wellbeing. The article is based on observations of interactions between families and healthcare professionals, conversations with children and parents, as well as participant observation at youth summer weight loss camps, which were part of a larger ethnographic research project conducted in 2018–2019 in Poland. The paper concludes by proposing to reframe how we think about childhood obesity, and consider young people's knowledge and lived experiences when re-designing policy interventions and wellbeing promotion programmes, that is, to work with, and not on, children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Concepts, disciplines and politics: on 'structural violence' and the 'social determinants of health'.
- Author
-
Herrick, Clare and Bell, Kirsten
- Subjects
ONLINE information services ,SOCIAL determinants of health ,VIOLENCE in the community ,PRACTICAL politics ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,WORLD health ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,HEALTH equity ,MEDLINE - Abstract
It has long been recognised that human health is indelibly shaped by a variety of factors. These include pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, but also broad-ranging social, economic and political forces operating at different spatial scales. In seeking to understand the nature and effects of these forces, two concepts have become particularly influential: the 'social determinants of health' and 'structural violence'. In this paper, we critically examine their origins, tracing their 'prehistory' and little-recognised intersections, based on searches of both concepts in PubMed and Google Scholar, and a critical reading of the range of texts our searches produced. This forms the groundwork from which we examine their similarities and differences, and their potentialities and limitations. We demonstrate that both concepts operate largely as black boxes. Their usage has thus become tied to disciplinary and methodological projects, with attendant implications for their wider usage – especially given the respective statuses of the fields of medical anthropology and social epidemiology in public health. We conclude that structural violence and the social determinants of health have both been influential in research and policy, but have struggled to effect the kinds of political change that their moral commitment to social justice promises and that further dialogue between them is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. An Anthropology of the Machine: Tokyo's Commuter Train Network: by Michael Fisch, Chicago, Chicago University Press Paper, published June 2018, 320 pp., $27.50 (paperback), ISBN 9780226558554, $82.50 (Cloth), ISBN 9780226558417.
- Author
-
Jensen, Casper Bruun
- Subjects
RAILROAD commuter service ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,PAPERBACKS ,MACHINE theory - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Urban secrets? Affinities and anthropologies of South African cities.
- Author
-
Kratz, Corinne, Weintroub, Jill, and Murray, Noëleen
- Subjects
ANTHROPOLOGY ,GOLD mining ,CAPITALISM ,PUBLIC spaces - Abstract
Copyright of Anthropology Southern Africa (2332-3256) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Studying tourism means going to have a look for yourself: co-research, vulnerabilities and opportunities after the pandemic.
- Author
-
Hutnyk, John
- Subjects
TOURISM ,HISTORIC sites ,PANDEMICS ,TOURISM websites ,ANTHROPOLOGISTS ,STORYTELLING - Abstract
Tourism Studies cannot rely upon studies of tourism alone to cover its range. While the anthropology of tourism had once sustained a revival, disciplinary inertia suggests a renewal is again overdue and anthropology might justify a reconstruction. The possibilities of tourism as 'study' perhaps remain unfulfilled, despite significant antecedents in Malcolm Crick's work, where anthropology exactly glosses as travel plus study. This builds upon the desire to know worlds, to contribute to human togetherness across differences, economic disparity, languages, faiths, and political inclinations. Thus, calling for engagement with the political, postcolonial, and ontological concepts of anthropology, including multi-site 'fieldwork' methodologies, reanimates tourism studies via the critical idealism of study as priority for anthropologists, workers and tourists. Alongside questions of privilege, re-booting tourism studies through anthropology in the service of knowledge posits tourism as much more than study tours, finding out about heritage sites, or guides with stories to tell. Crick's credo of 'going to have a look for yourself' could be a rallying cry for participatory ethnography in tourism. In a more vulnerable world, anticipating future ethnographic work in Vietnam, the paper seeks insights and opportunities for a new engagement in the study of anthropology as tourism studies and tourism more widely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Beyond outmigration: Im/mobilities and futures in peripheral postindustrial cities.
- Author
-
Ringel, Felix
- Subjects
CITIES & towns ,FUTURES ,GERMAN Unification, 1990 ,ECONOMIC development ,URBAN decline - Abstract
This paper explores negotiations of futures within and beyond Germany's formerly fastest shrinking city, the East German city of Hoyerswerda. Originally built for the German Democratic Republic's miners and energy workers, its model socialist New City attracted tens of thousands of people in the latter half of the 20th century. In the wake of German reunification, this direction of mobility reversed. Economic transformations resulted in widespread unemployment and subsequent outmigration. Mostly the young and well-educated left the city, as reunified Germany saw millions of East Germans move 'to the West'. Beyond outmigration, those staying behind continued to face their city's presumed loss of the future. However, widespread expectations of better futures elsewhere did not necessarily result in ever more people leaving. Futures elsewhere were contrasted to futures elsewhen: hopeful local futures different to the one of continuous decline so commonly predicted. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, I explore these entangled practices of place- and future-making and map the different expectations of im/mobility that make up a surprisingly complex local regime of im/mobility. I do so in order to ascertain what keeps peripheral postindustrial cities like Hoyerswerda going amidst accelerated urban decline and ubiquitous outmigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Anatomists of Empire: Race, Evolution and the Discovery of Human Biology in the British World: By Ross L. Jones. Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2020. Pp. 295. A$49.95 paper.
- Author
-
Gascoigne, John
- Subjects
HUMAN biology ,SCHOLARLY publishing ,ANATOMISTS ,HUMAN evolution ,PHYSICAL anthropology ,IMPERIALISM ,ANTHROPOLOGY - Abstract
As this bald summary would suggest, it is a book dominated by the powerful presence of Elliot Smith, who overshadows the other members of the trio, Wood Jones and Keith. Elliot Smith was the most vigorous proponent of such a lofty role for anatomy, and his position in London meant that he was in a position to wield his formidable political skills. He was struck, however, by how far the study of anatomy in the United States and the British Empire had diverged, with the United States no longer giving the scope to gross anatomy which had been so basic to British medical education. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Mana and Māori culture: Raymond Firth's pre-Tikopia years.
- Author
-
Laviolette, Patrick
- Subjects
ANTHROPOLOGY ,ETHNOLOGY ,ANTHROPOLOGISTS ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,LANDSCAPES - Abstract
As a preliminary biographical exploration, this article provides an introductory study into Raymond Firth's early research, as it initially related to Māoridom. Using archival and creative collaborative techniques to look at anthropology's contemporary past, it contends that Firth is amongst the earliest founders of the ethnographic approach known as 'the anthropology of/at home'. A significant interest in the biographic description of anthropologists is currently taking place. As a newly developing self-conscious genre, the intellectual biography is becoming central to the way in which the discipline writes its own history. This paper not only provides an introduction into Firth's Māori work (as found in his MA and PhD research), but also demonstrates the use of experimental methods in creating an 'archaeology of us'. In seeing the lesser known and largely disregarded elements of Firth's personal history as a poorly investigated type of biographical data, I suggest that such interdisciplinary approaches are essential in conducting biographical research. Despite two Festschrifts honouring Firth's contributions to the discipline, there is as yet no lengthy biography of this acclaimed economic anthropologist. He was 'born and bred' in Aotearoa/NZ, but migrated to the UK in 1924 to pursue his doctorate. By tracing the early career path and initial written output of one of the longest lived and most influential ethnographers/ethnologists in the discipline's legacy, this paper contributes to expanding the biographical genre – both regarding antipodean academic history, as well as in dealing with international migration, the movement of ideas and social anthropology's diasporic intellectual landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Considering anthropology and small wars.
- Author
-
McFate, Montgomery
- Subjects
ANTHROPOLOGY ,LOW-intensity conflicts (Military science) - Abstract
Almost every war since the origins of the discipline at the beginning of the 19
th century has involved anthropology and anthropologists. In some cases, anthropologists participated directly as uniformed combatants. Following the philosopher George Lucas, one might call this 'anthropology for the military,' having the purpose of directly providing expert knowledge with the goal of improving operations and strategy. In some cases this scholarship is undertaken, anthropologists have also studied State militaries, which following George Lucas might be considered 'anthropology of the military.' Sometimes this scholarship is undertaken with the objective of providing the military with information about its own internal systems and processes in order to improve its performance. At other times, the objective is to study the military as a human group to identify and describe its culture and social processes. Both 'anthropology for the military' and 'anthropology of the military' tend to have a practical, applied aspect, whether the goal is improving military effectiveness or influencing national security policy. On the other hand, anthropology as a discipline has also had a long history of studying warfare itself, known as 'the anthropology of war.' The papers in this special edition fall into these myriad categories of military anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Communicating the Inevitable: Climate Awareness, Climate Discord, and Climate Research in Peru's Highland Communities.
- Author
-
Paerregaard, Karsten
- Subjects
CLIMATE research ,CLIMATE change research ,EFFECT of human beings on climate change ,CLIMATE change ,SCHOLARLY method ,FRAMES (Social sciences) - Abstract
The paper discusses how anthropology contributes to climate change research and communication. Building on theoretical works that highlight the cultural framing of communication it investigates the signs and symbols that a Peruvian highland community creates and the imaginaries and identities it generates to interpret and communicate climate change and its environmental impact. To explore the community's communicative repertoire the paper explores three climate voices that illuminate the conflicting ways the global discourse on climate change impacts the community's future visions. Arguing that anthropogenic climate change poses a new challenge to the communication of urgent public issues the paper asks: Should the communication discuss climate change as a matter-of-fact issue? Or should it present climate change as a cultural phenomenon that is acknowledged as an issue in dispute? The paper concludes that climate change research is a post-normal science that not only must engage a range of scholarly traditions and methods but also listen to the voices that are affected by climate change in the real world. It encourages climate change communicators to recognize that climate communication is a dialogical relation based on the mutual interests of its experts and its users in providing as well as receiving knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The Art of Gardens: An Introduction.
- Author
-
Bolton, Lissant and Mitchell, Jean
- Subjects
GARDENS ,AESTHETICS ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,MANNERS & customs - Abstract
This volume argues that looking at gardens through the lens of art and aesthetics generates new insights into the role that gardens have for those who make and depend on them. Drawing on some of the debates around the anthropology of art, we suggest that aesthetics provides a rich analytical perspective on the importance of gardens to many wider aspects of social life. We argue for the critical conceptual significance of gardens in Melanesia, and in Amazonia. In doing so, we foreground the importance of diversity in gardening: in plants and knowledge practices, and in the recognition of non-human beings and their collaboration with gardeners. This is, in part, a factor of the satisfactions that people find in growing beautiful and diverse gardens that link to myth, to history and to place. This introduction sets out these arguments and also provides a summary of each of the papers presented in the volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Perceived Impacts of Wildlife on Agropastoral Food Production in Northern Tanzania.
- Author
-
Raycraft, Justin
- Subjects
- *
FOOD production , *WILDLIFE conservation , *AGRICULTURAL productivity , *EXTERNALITIES , *SEMI-structured interviews , *ECOSYSTEMS , *ANIMAL populations - Abstract
Human-wildlife interactions can affect human wellbeing and wildlife population persistence. This paper addresses the perceived impacts of wildlife on agropastoral food production in the Tarangire ecosystem of northern Tanzania. It is based on sixteen months of collaborative ethnographic fieldwork with agropastoral Maasai communities (2019–2020; 2022; 2023), 240 semi-structured interviews, and a household survey (n = 1076). People felt that caterpillars, elephants, and zebras had the most significant effects on crop production, while hyenas were responsible for the bulk of livestock depredation by carnivores. These social costs of wildlife merit further attention from conservation policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Magic, Self and (World) Society: Groundwork for an Existential and Cosmopolitan Anthropology.
- Author
-
Wardle, Huon
- Subjects
- *
COSMOPOLITANISM , *MULTICULTURALISM , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *TJURUNGA , *VALUES (Ethics) - Abstract
Human beings can be found everywhere (Piette) and the true subject of anthropology is anyone (Rapport). What do we need to do to our epistemology and practice to reframe anthropology in existential and cosmopolitan terms? This paper explores processes of cosmology- and society-making through an existential and cosmopolitan epistemology and axiology. We can reenlist classic anthropological discussions on magic to understand how subjects generate a Society into which they insert themselves as creative agents. Magical practice shows how Society is uniquely biographical and personal, and that subjectivity is an irreducible and 'in-additive' source of social and cosmological structure. Cosmopolitan anthropology describes, then, encounters of 'non-interchangeable' (Kneubuhler) biographical selves meeting in and constructing world-space; different selves on diverse cosmopolitanizing trajectories engage in divergent biographical worldmaking practices. In this light, cosmopolitan anthropology takes the form of analytic biography, tracing and retracing these unfoldings of self-orienting structure. Two radically distinct examples of subject-oriented cosmology-making are enlisted: Rastafari I-Yaric and Arrernte tjurunga knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The unsanitary other and racism during the pandemic: analysis of purity discourses on social media in India, France and United States of America during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Author
-
Desmarais, Christian, Roy, Melissa, Nguyen, Minh Thi, Venkatesh, Vivek, and Rousseau, Cecile
- Subjects
PREVENTION of racism ,RACISM ,AVERSION ,PRESS ,COVID-19 ,SOCIAL media ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,AUDIOVISUAL materials ,SEX distribution ,HEALTH ,INFORMATION resources ,DISCOURSE analysis ,FOOD ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission ,HEALTH attitudes ,THEMATIC analysis ,COVID-19 pandemic ,RELIGION - Abstract
The global rise of populism and concomitant polarizations across disenfranchised and marginalized groups has been magnified by so-called echo chambers, and a major public health crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic has only served to fuel these intergroup tensions. Media institutions disseminating information on ways to prevent the propagation of the virus have reactivated a specific discursive phenomenon previously observed in many epidemics: the construction of a defiled 'Other'. With anthropological lenses, discourse on defilement is an interesting path to understand the continuous emergence of pseudo-scientific forms of racism. In this paper, the authors focus on 'borderline racism', that is the use of an institutionally 'impartial' discourse to reaffirm the inferiority of another race. The authors employed inductive thematic analysis of 1200 social media comments reacting to articles and videos published by six media in three different countries (France, United States and India). Results delineate four major themes structuring defilement discourses: food (and the relationship to animals), religion, nationalism and gender. Media articles and videos portrayed Western and Eastern countries through contrasting images and elicited a range of reaction in readers and viewers. The discussion reflects on how borderline racism can be an appropriate concept to understand the appearance of hygienic othering of specific subgroups on social media. Theoretical implications and recommendations on a more culturally sensitive approach of media coverage of epidemics and pandemics are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Afterword: Haunted histories and the silences of everyday life.
- Author
-
Good, Byron J.
- Subjects
SILENCE ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,VIOLENCE ,ANTHROPOLOGISTS - Abstract
This Afterword explores the complex relations of anthropological thinking about silence and hauntology. It distinguishes among those papers that focus on silence and silencing in relation to historical trauma and those that focus on the place of silence in the rhythms of everyday life. An attention to the concealment and repression of memories of historical violence, which continue to haunt the present, are linked here and in the hauntology/spectrality literature to Derrida's conceptualization of hauntology, but also to Abraham and Torok's [1986. The Wolf Man's Magic Word: A Cryptonomy. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press] classic notion of the encryptment of hidden affective complexes, passed along unconsciously from generation to generation. The role of giving voice to such 'phantoms' as therapeutic is discussed and contested throughout this collection, suggesting more complex views of the relations between silence and voice. Over against the focus on silence as concealed trauma, Weller elaborates a notion of silence as essential to the everyday, to music, narrative and ritual, and intimately linked to the silence of loss and longing. This view of silence is brought into conversation with Rahimi's work on [2021. The Hauntology of Everyday Life. New York: Springer International Publishing]. The relation of the aural, of voice and silence, to the visual, the visible and the hidden, is an important theme in this work. The Afterword honours Mary Steedly, who was to be the commentator on the original presentation of these papers. I conclude by reflecting on the importance of her writings on transparency and apparition, on silence as a 'gift' and mourning as a means of resolution of historical trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Beyond decolonizing: global intellectual history and reconstruction of a comparative method.
- Author
-
Herbjørnsrud, Dag
- Subjects
DECOLONIZATION ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,POSTCOLONIALISM - Abstract
This article proposes to use the three terms complexity, connection, and comparison as part of a possible method for the discipline of global intellectual history. Taking the 1993 presidential address by anthropologist Anette Weiner as its starting point, the paper argues that the discipline of history of ideas is facing a challenge similar to that confronted by social anthropology a quarter of a century ago: It needs to reject the constrictions of 'cultural boundaries' and demonstrate 'a commitment to a global comparative perspective' instead. A global intellectual history of this nature would also be consistent with Arthur B. Lovejoy's statement that 'ideas are the most migratory things in the world'. The text proposes a method for global intellectual history based on the three aforementioned terms – exemplified by cases from Asia, Africa, Europe, and America. Scholars within several disciplines are increasingly arguing for the Academy to 'decolonize' and to offer a less ethnocentric narrative. By proposing a methodological draft for a global intellectual history, this paper argues that we can move beyond deconstruction and decolonization and focus instead on 'reconstruction' of a global and comparative perspective as a fruitful way forward for the discipline in the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Introduction: medicine's shadowside: revisiting clinical iatrogenesis.
- Author
-
Varley, Emma and Varma, Saiba
- Subjects
RACISM ,MEDICAL quality control ,HEALTH services accessibility ,SEXISM ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,HEALTH status indicators ,MEDICAL care ,SOCIAL sciences ,ETHNOLOGY - Abstract
Drawing on the work of Ivan Illich, our special issue reanimates iatrogenesis as a vital concept for the social sciences of medicine. It calls for medicine to expand its engagement of the injustices that unfold from clinical processes, practices, and protocols into patient lifeworlds and subjectivities beyond the clinic. The capacious view of iatrogenesis revealed by this special issue collection affords fuller and more heterogeneous insights on iatrogenesis that does not limit it to medical explanations alone, nor locate harm in singular points in time. These papers attend to iatrogenesis' immediate and lingering presences in socialities and structures within and beyond medicine, and the ways it reflects or reproduces the racism, sexism, and ableism built into medical logics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. What Can We Learn From Children? A Reading of The Sound and the Fury.
- Author
-
Motta, Marco
- Subjects
READING ,LEARNING ,HOUSEHOLDS ,ADULTS ,SCHOLARS ,CHILDREN'S literature - Abstract
In this paper, I am interested in how a novel can make us see children as active and direct witnesses of their time. Through a close reading of The Sound and the Fury, I ask what we (adults and scholars) can learn from children. By closely looking at the picture of the ordinary through the lens of Faulkner's children recounting household events, I hope to show that they can inspire us to look differently at the world and teach us something about human attention and responsiveness to the life of others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. From Deep Incarnation to Deep Anthropology: Hypostatic Union and the Universe in the Image of Imago Dei.
- Author
-
Nesteruk, Alexei V.
- Subjects
IMAGE of God ,INCARNATION ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,UNIVERSE - Abstract
This paper reflects upon some modern theologians' stance on the idea of "Deep Incarnation" offering its Eastern Orthodox theological, philosophical and scientific assessment. The main problems and corresponding questions to this idea are: (1) Because of the vast and causally disconnected structure of the universe, humanity at best is consubstantial to the 4% of matter in the visible universe so that the claims for the relevance of the historical Incarnation to the whole creation are not plausible; (2) By de facto equating the transfigured flesh of Christ (through the hypostatic union), with the rest of creation, thus depriving the process of deification of humanity and transfiguration of the visible universe of its temporal dimension, Deep Incarnation goes contrary to the Orthodox stance on deification as a personal endeavour not implanted into the logic of the natural world; (3) the claims of the Deep Incarnation idea would be trivial if they were concerned only with the necessary conditions for the historical Incarnation, which are cosmological. However, the sufficient conditions of the Incarnation as an inaugural event of Christian history cannot be placed into the fabric of the material world. (4) The idea of Deep Incarnation may be treated as contributing to the old makroanthropos idea, related to humanity as a mediating agency not only between moral divisions in creation, but also between different life forms by bringing them to the unity in God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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