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Many theories of motivation recognize a person's identity adds value to the prediction of behavior; albeit indirectly, through constructs such as social norms, self-efficacy, perceived behavioral control, and values. Recently, behavioral research has more directly assessed the influence of identity on behavior; however, it is unclear whether such research aligns with the theoretical establishments of identity. This review investigated the identity theory alignment of existing behavior research by systematically searching, screening, and reviewing identity-behavior relevant papers, across three behavioral psychology databases. Twenty-three papers meet the inclusion criteria for review (original research with a primary focus on identity and behavior, within healthy adult population), and data relating to identity-behavior theoretical viewpoints, research methods, and study findings were extracted and synthesized to provide a scoping overview of current research. Most reviewed papers presented identity as a loosely defined construct; commonly operationalized as social identity, omitting the theorized multiplicity of social and self-identities. Overall outcomes suggested that identity influences behavior indirectly through intention strength, rather than directly as a post-intention mechanism. While existing research has been crucial in illuminating potential influences of identity on behavior, there is a need to strengthen current understandings and theoretical alignments within future research relating to identity and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many theories of motivation recognize a person's identity adds value to the prediction of behavior; albeit indirectly, through constructs such as social norms, self-efficacy, perceived behavioral control, and values. Recently, behavioral research has more directly assessed the influence of identity on behavior; however, it is unclear whether such research aligns with the theoretical establishments of identity. This review investigated the identity theory alignment of existing behavior research by systematically searching, screening, and reviewing identity-behavior relevant papers, across three behavioral psychology databases. Twenty-three papers meet the inclusion criteria for review (original research with a primary focus on identity and behavior, within healthy adult population), and data relating to identity-behavior theoretical viewpoints, research methods, and study findings were extracted and synthesized to provide a scoping overview of current research. Most reviewed papers presented identity as a loosely defined construct; commonly operationalized as social identity, omitting the theorized multiplicity of social and self-identities. Overall outcomes suggested that identity influences behavior indirectly through intention strength, rather than directly as a post-intention mechanism. While existing research has been crucial in illuminating potential influences of identity on behavior, there is a need to strengthen current understandings and theoretical alignments within future research relating to identity and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many theoretical methods have been applied to research user behaviour and requirements. However, the uncertainty associated with customer characteristics often biases the conclusions drawn from customer research and affects the effectiveness of product design. In this paper, Bayesian networks (BN) are introduced into the research on customer behaviour analysis based upon theory of planned behaviour (TPB), and an analysis model driven by customer research data is established from the perspective of user behaviour intention to guide design optimisation. Combining the User background Factor with the TPB Factor, the model analyses the uncertainty of the association between the two, and corrects the errors in the designer's prior knowledge through structural learning. By a case study the paper finds that the evaluations that enhance customers' subjective norms and perceived behavioural control lead to a greater probability of purchase or use. In addition, customers with specific characteristics are more inclined to generate behaviour intention. The paper finally provides a design optimisation plan based upon the result of the research and discusses about the advantages of the research approaches and the directions of future researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces an emulator developed to assess the operational characteristics of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) for the second World Championship in Cybernetic Building Optimization (WCCBO). The emulator utilizes BACnet communication and provides a realistic simulation for evaluating energy conservation and comfort in buildings with VRF systems. Herein, we discuss the building specifications for calculation, operation of the emulator, calculation method for the vertical temperature distribution, dissatisfactory rate calculation, and consideration of championship rules. Notably, a thermal preference model was developed for predicting the thermal sensation of occupants and adjusting the dissatisfaction rate based on their ability to control the indoor environment. In addition, we developed a method for calculating the total scores during the WCCBO and devised a suitable network structure for score registration. The results of this study highlight the importance of personal control and impact of drafts on thermal comfort. This paper presents a meta-level methodology to determine the best operation for each specific VRF system for a future world championship, whose planning is underway and will be conducted to accumulate information on optimal operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One reason why patients may seek therapy is to address constricting beliefs about themselves, others and the world that diminish the quality of their lives. These pathogenic beliefs interfere with the pursuit of personal goals and are often the source of considerable distress. In this paper, we discuss the perspective from Control-Mastery Theory that such beliefs were once adaptive in the context of earlier traumatic relational experience, and are often held in place by loyalties and attachment ties to important figures. Therapists can facilitate patients' efforts to disconfirm these beliefs by empathically understanding the form and function of the patient's pathogenic beliefs historically and in the present. Such understanding is termed "person empathy" and is found to contribute to positive therapeutic outcomes. With the aim of helping to facilitate therapists' empathy regarding patients' pathogenic beliefs, we describe in this paper some of the original functions and subsequent consequences of such beliefs in patients' lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study reported in this paper explores the experiences of 95 people with intersex variations constituting an international English-speaking sample who completed a mixed methods survey comprises questions designed by the authors to explore 1) genital variations and medical interventions (and pressures to undertake them), 2) experiences with sex education, and 3) experience of physical intimacy, including use of safer sex devices and sexually transmitted infections. Surgeries on minors were common and typically not consensual, often resulting in the need for revisions. Pressures for surgeries most commonly were made by doctors. Experiences of sex education often failed to be inclusive of intersex bodies, with information about menstruation and hygiene rarely provided, and many participants having to learn on their own. Participants had a diversity of experiences of physical intimacy beyond penetration. For those who had experienced penetration, vaginal intercourse was enjoyable for some, but many found it painful. Conversely, anal intercourse was enjoyed by many and rarely found to be painful. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of an intersex-specific approach to sexual health for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For clinicians working in mental health services, 'aggression management' training is generally prioritised, and often mandated. Traditional 'aggression management' training has the potential to reinforce the perception that violence and aggression are inevitable, and thus defensive and coercive practices are needed. This paper outlines the principles and processes that underpinned the development of two training programs designed as recovery-oriented and trauma-informed alternatives to traditional 'aggression management' training. The focus of the paper is on exploring how 'aggression management' training can be aligned with best practice principles. The programs were developed in a metropolitan and rural mental health service and aimed to reduce the need for defensive and coercive practices by promoting therapeutic engagement. A key feature of both programs is an orientation towards safety rather than risk. By embedding the principles of recovery and trauma-informed care in their development and orienting training towards enhancing safety, clinicians are provided with a new way of conceptualising and responding to 'aggression'. Experiential methods in the delivery of the training, and the co-design and co-delivery with peer (consumer) educators were important in supporting attitudinal change. To promote safety, the language and content of training programs must reflect contemporary principles and approaches such as trauma-informed care and recovery. This paper illustrates that to be effective, these principles and approaches must not just be described, but modelled in the development, design, and delivery of the training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the single group and the single economy have increased rapidly, the growing group of tourists-solo tourists has been neglected by scholars for a long time. This paper takes them as the research object and explores their happiness via travel. Based on the network text data, the paper finds that the formation of solo tourists' well-being can be divided into three stages, which are the anticipation before traveling alone, the experience during travel, and the happiness precipitation after traveling alone. The well-being of ST is a complex concept which includes 8 categories. There are similarities and differences between the happiness of solo tourists and that of ordinary tourists. The pleasure is the same as ordinary tourists' well-being. The sense of escape, meaning of life, and gain are similar and different. The sense of control, reality, freedom, and ease are the unique facts of ST's well-being. The research reveals the formation process of ST's well-being and the richness of their connotations, providing a theoretical basis for stimulating the well-being of the unique group and enriching and expanding the research results of tourism well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with optimisation of cybersecurity investment in supply chains using stochastic programming approach. A classical exponential function of breach probability and the intuitive idea of 'the expected net benefits', originally presented in 2002 by Gordon and Loeb, were applied to introduce the concept of cybersecurity value. The cybersecurity value of security control is defined as the value gained by implementing a single control to secure a subset of components. The cybersecurity value of a control can be seen as a measure of its efficiency in reducing vulnerability of a secured system or component. A mixed binary optimisation problem, next transformed into an unconstrained binary program is developed to maximise total cybersecurity value of control portfolio. The optimal solution to the binary program provides a simple formula to immediately obtain the portfolio of security controls with maximum total cybersecurity value and determine a rough cut cybersecurity investment. This study also shows that portfolio of security controls with maximum total cybersecurity value reduces the losses from security breaches and mitigate the impact of cyber risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between Hicks and Strachey is important, since it illustrates the international conversation among communist activists and intellectuals determined to translate Marxism into something meaningful to white-collar workers.[16] Hicks and Strachey had already been in communication by 1936. If any period seemed the hour of the American worker, it was the 1930s. 19 Anouar Majid, " I Granville Hicks and the Dilemma of American Radicalism i ", PhD. Diss., Syracuse University, 1991, 77. 20 Nathaniel Foster to Granville Hicks, December 8, 1938, Granville Hicks Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University. [Extracted from the article]

A recovery paradigm has been increasingly used recently to inform mental health and addiction policies with principles that promote autonomy, social capital, and inclusion. However, some policies such as coercive treatments conflict with recovery principles and social workers report challenges implementing recovery principles in practice. This scoping review explored the literature on recovery policies in mental health and addictions from a social work perspective (N = 29). Our results showed a need to strengthen training for social workers on recovery, increase the focus on policies for addiction recovery, reduce coercive treatment policies, support families, and reduce stigma and discrimination through equitable policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates event-triggered switched heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) control for switched systems based on an unknown direction control gain function (UDCGF). First, the Nussbaum gain function is introduced to describe the unknown control direction, which makes the control behaviour of switched systems more flexible. The proposed variable threshold event-triggering (VTET) condition can significantly reduce computation while maintaining a certain system performance. Then, a detailed Lyapunov stability analysis based on the new tight bound is given, which reflects the asymptotic stability of the switched systems under the proposed switched HDP control method. The system mode-matched action-critic neural networks are employed to approximate the optimal triggered control law and the optimal switching value function, respectively. Subsequently, the boundedness analysis of neural network (NN) weights and the convergence analysis of HDP algorithm are given. At last, a numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the issue of disturbance observer-based fuzzy adaptive optimal finite-time control in light of the backstepping approach for strict-feedback nonlinear systems with bias fault term and full state constraints. Considering that external disturbance and bias fault signal can affect the stability of control and control quality, a disturbance observer is constructed to track the external disturbances and bias fault online. A disturbance observer-based finite-time control strategy is proposed to achieve optimized control by utilizing the fuzzy logic system approximation-based adaptive dynamic programming method under the critic-actor framework. The purpose of the critic is to evaluate control performance and the role of the actor is to execute control behaviour. In addition, it is proved that the proposed fuzzy adaptive optimal finite-time scheme not only realizes all signals in closed-loop system are bounded, but also ensures that system states are restricted within specific sets. Finally, simulation results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much of the literature on individuals' low adoption of robots revolves around service quality or consumer psychology; physical environmental factors are scarcely addressed. This paper investigates consumers' willingness to adopt robot services based on the spatial environment. A pair of experimental studies revealed that people are more willing to use robot services when the setting is spacious, whereas the opposite is true when the setting is compact. We also examined illusion of control as a mediator of the above impact. Furthermore, we identified consumers' knowledge of robots as a boundary condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laparoscopic tubal ligation is the most prevalent method of contraception amongst India's rural and urban poor. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork in rural Rajasthan in 2012–2013, this paper investigates how rural women's perceptions of a biomedical instrument—the laparoscope—influence their perceptions of sterilization, a procedure often entrenched in coercive, target- and incentive-driven population control programme. By investigating how a laparoscope is entangled in global exchanges, national policies, institutional arrangements, and local moral worlds, this paper demonstrates that while wider biomedical discourses perpetuate the narrative of safety and convenience, people's everyday lives inform their understandings of technology that is widely known but rarely seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of intercropping, a sustainable agricultural technology, is limited in Europe. This paper investigates factors driving the intention to intercrop in Sweden. Factors included in the analysis are participation in private certification schemes, interactions with peers and agricultural advisors, attitude, knowledge, innovativeness, perceived intercropping attributes and perceived behavioural control. The first two reflect potential socioeconomic determinants and the last four are possible behavioural drivers. For the first time, the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and diffusion of innovation theory were integrated to understand farmers' adoption of sustainable farming practices like intercropping. Structural equation modelling was applied to understand the behavioural drivers, whereas logit regression was employed to identify the socioeconomic determinant of adoption intention. The paper highlights the important role of knowledge in fostering intercropping adoption. Knowledge was associated with innovativeness (B = 0.18, p < 0.001) and influenced perceived attribute (B = 0.395, p < 0.001) and attitude (B = 0.268, p < 0.001) towards intercropping. Sufficient knowledge strengthens farmers' confidence in implementing intercropping and subsequently facilitates adoption intention (B = 0.287, p < 0.05). Participation in private certification schemes and interactions with peers, a bonding social capital, also stimulates adoption intention (β = 0.91 and β = 0.70, p < 0.05). Policy implications to support intercropping were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main impetus of the research is to inquire into the fintech adoption behaviour of India's GenY population. The focus of this research paper is to enlarge the scope of the planned behaviour theory by including other exogenous variables, information quality (IQ), and readiness to pay for privileges. Responses from the 349 selected higher education students based on judgmental sampling were collected from various institutes of repute in India. The suggested framework was evaluated using the Smart PLS 4 software bootstrapping method. It was found that multiple hypotheses framed in the study exert notable impact besides the belief that there is a direct linkage between observed behavioural control (OBC) and actual intention (AI). The paper confirms the application of the theory of planned behaviour for the effective implementation of fintech in India. It was observed that information quality is one of the crucial elements which influences the fintech adoption behaviour. The research enriches past studies by expanding the blueprint of a theory of planned behaviour by identifying the information quality factor as the influencing intent and behaviour. The reliability and validity of the suggested framework were analyzed after keeping in mind the impact of a business environment's constantly changing dynamic forces. The study identified the primary constructs affecting the fintech adoption behaviour with a particular focus on the GEN Y population of India. It will also help the financial technocrats to optimally utilize the immense underlying capabilities of the fintech users and strategically launch more user-friendly products and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was in the 1990s, that the possibility of increased transmission of HIV with the use of injectable contraceptive Depo-Provera®, was first flagged in medical literature. This has posed a challenge for its use in countries, particularly in the African region, where the prevalence and transmission rate of HIV is high. In 2015, a randomised 'clinical' trial, the Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) was launched in four African countries to resolve the question whether the increased risk was causal. Contrary to expectations, the ECHO trial successfully recruited and randomised the specified number of girls/women participants. This paper argues that this was made possible by exercising undue influence, by using incentives, coercive language, and by concealing the real nature of the clinical trial during recruitment. The ECHO trial is unique in subjecting a group of healthy girls/women knowingly to a contraceptive drug with an intention not of finding out whether it is efficacious as a contraceptive, but to find out how risky or life-threatening its use could be. Thus, the ECHO trial has violated one of the central tenets of the Helsinki Declaration by privileging pursuit of knowledge over the interests of the girl/women trial participants from Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to drive environmental innovation is the focus of numerous research areas. Based on the theory of planned behavior, this study constructed a driving factor model for environmental innovation. The 2019 annual reports of 116 firms in the steel, coal, chemical, petroleum, building materials and pulp and paper industries were selected as the samples, and the study was conducted using grounded theory. The results showed that firm's environmental innovation behavior is mainly driven by expected economic benefits, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Expected economic benefits are composed of market development and cost savings. Subjective norms include self-regulation reflecting the green culture of firms, descriptive norms formed by industry competition and environmental protection trends, and injunctive norms formed by government regulations and consumer demand for green products. Perceived behavioral control includes internal resource advantages, constituted by material resources, human resources and financial resources, as well as the external advantages, constituted by social network relationships. This study provides a theoretical basis for how to drive environmental innovation, and also provides a useful reference for the Chinese government to formulate policies to promote environmental innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some countries, far-reaching 'lockdown' measures to contain the spread of coronavirus were implemented early in 2020. In Austria, these early measures were met with a high degree of compliance among the country's population. In this paper, we draw upon qualitative interviews, and ask how people made sense of the restrictions imposed during the first lockdown in April 2020 and what shaped their compliance. Empirical research has so far tried to explain compliance by means of people's disposition and motivations as well as demographic and social characteristics. Instead of focussing on who is compliant, we aim to understand how people practice compliance. We do this by approaching compliance through the concepts of values and practice. First, our findings indicate that people assess whether measures are suitable and legitimate in relation to the values of science, the law, and morality. Second, people assign additional personal value to compliance by stressing its positive implications on their own lives. By adopting a nuanced perspective on compliance as inextricably linked to peoples' values and practices, our paper critically contributes to the political and scholarly discussion of pandemic public health measures. Understanding compliance through the lens of values shows how people make sense of the measures in the context of their everyday lives, helping us to move away from a binary understanding of (non-)compliance that has become morally charged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), this paper distinguishes between three groups, advisors, leading farmers and other farmers, and evaluates the extent that these influence farm advisors' intensions to engage with Farmer Health and Safety (FHS) extension activities. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken with advisors (N = 302) participating in a national Knowledge Transfer Programme (KTP). Surveys were completed by 136 advisors. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was undertaken to identify factors affecting the advisor's intentions to engage with FHS. TPB constructs explain 48% of the variance in intention. SEM findings illustrate that, in turn, perceived social pressure from leading farmers (subjective norms), Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC), and attitude as the key factors which positively and directly influence the intention. Social pressure from leading and conventional farmers, and other advisors (subjective norms), positively and directly influences attitude, PBC, and, indirectly, intention to engage with FHS. The results highlight the importance of involving leading farmers in advisor training activities relating to FHS as a way of demonstrating and confirming the importance of this issue to advisors. This study suggests the involvement of farmers and advisors in the design and delivery of education and training programmes aimed at developing advisor competencies to engage in farm health and safety. This study demonstrates the importance of identifying and understanding the influence of different social groups, in this instance, leading farmers, on behavioural intensions. The research establishes that end-users of advisory services play a key role in shaping advisors' intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A high number of non-consensual sexual experiences happen in heavy drinking contexts, pointing to the importance of investigating how young people make meaning of their alcohol intoxicated sexual interactions. In analyzing that, researchers have used the concept of 'sexual agency', to describe how young people often draw on a neoliberal discourse, which emphasizes freedom, choice and individual responsibility to make meaning of their alcohol intoxicated sexual interactions. The aim of this paper is to argue for the applicability of a more situational understanding of sexual agency, such as Cahill's (2016), when investigating young people's alcohol intoxicated sexual experiences. Methods: 30 qualitative interviews were conducted with young Danes (aged 19-25) on their alcohol intoxicated sexual encounters. Results: A narrative analytical approach revealed that participants draw on three types of narratives on sexual encounters which emphasized: 1) The pleasurable experiences and a large degree of agency 2) The ambivalent experiences of agency and 3) The out-of-control sexual experiences. Conclusions: The results highlight the situational and varied nature of sexual agency in sexual encounters and that discourses on gender, sexuality and alcohol intoxication influence the participants' construction of agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a drama-based method to illustrate the responses of healthcare and legal systems to women experiencing coercive control. This approach involved writing a play using the first-person narrative voice of a victim-survivor. We presented the play at the Stop Domestic Violence Conference (Gold Coast, Australia) in 2021. The central character, 'Kate', provided an embodied performance that enabled the conference participants to see, feel and understand experiences of coercive control from a personal perspective. We followed the trajectory of coercive control from the beginning of an intimate relationship to the time of separation. We showed how the process of coercive control escalates from love bombing, reproductive coercion, isolation, and technology-facilitated abuse until a point of police intervention. As Kate told her story, the conference audience witnessed the barriers and challenges faced by survivors of coercive control, and the emotional, financial, and psychological impacts that are intensified in geographically remote environments. They watched Kate navigate health and other systems meant to help women experiencing domestic and family violence, but that ultimately failed to deliver. Finally, the drama-based approach allowed us to present a feminist embodiment of coercive control and an innovative method for communicating inter-disciplinary research findings on domestic abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rear-seat belts have been shown to significantly reduce the severity of road vehicle collisions and fatalities. However, their use by rear-seat passengers is significantly less than that by front-seat passengers. Thus, the psychological factors underlying individuals' decision to wear a seat belt in the rear seat require further investigation. An extended theory of planned behavior (eTPB) was used to examine individuals' behavior of wearing a rear-seat belt. An online survey was conducted and a total of 515 valid questionnaires were collected in China. While attitude, descriptive norms, and law enforcement all have a significant effect on individuals' intention to wear a seat belt in the rear, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control do not. Individuals' attitudes toward wearing a seat belt in the rear seat are significantly influenced by law enforcement and behavioral intention, but not by perceived behavioral control. The mediation effect analysis reveals that law enforcement has the greatest overall effect on behavior, followed by attitude and descriptive norms. The results of this paper contribute to more effective recommendations to improve the use of rear seat belts and to safeguard rear seat passengers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Language Assessment Quarterly is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Computer-mediated communication (CMC) interruptions are a common feature of people's work activity. In studying interruptions, researchers can understand how people manage and co-ordinate their work when faced with multiple, often competing, demands. However, CMC interruptions are characteristically different from each other and impact people's work performance in different ways. In this theoretical paper, we define and differentiate between computer-mediated communication (CMC) interruptions, according to the level of control people are able to exert over an interruption at different points in the delivery timeline. Informed by the extant interruptions literature and Action Regulation Theory, a classification framework is provided, to help researchers and work designers distinguish which types of real-world CMC interruption are more or less disruptive, based on levels of control. Using the developed framework, two key research propositions are made, which we encourage future research to attend to. Unique contributions and implications of this paper are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) (i.e. physical, sexual, psychological, or economic abuse in the context of romantic relationships) is associated with adverse health outcomes, including anxiety, depression, suicidality, unintended pregnancy, and substance misuse. A related phenomenon, reproductive coercion involves interference with the reproductive decision making of a partner with the intention of promoting pregnancy or controlling outcomes of a pregnancy. Reproductive coercion is associated with unintended pregnancy, partner violence, and sexually transmitted infections. Little is known about the intersection between economic ARA, sexual exploitation, and reproductive coercion. This paper explores the intersections between reproductive coercion, transactional sex, and economic abuse victimization in adolescent dating relationships. In an online survey, 1,752 adolescents (ages 13–17) were asked about economic adolescent relationship abuse (educational, employment and financial interference), transactional sex, reproductive coercion, and contraceptive access within their relationships. We assessed associations with chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. Youth who experienced economic ARA (70%, 1,232) reported financial dependence on their partner, contraceptive access, and reproductive coercion (74–83%; p-values<0.001) more often than their counterparts without economic ARA. Adolescents experiencing economic abuse were more likely to report transactional sex (aOR = 2.76, CI [2.12, 3.60], p <.001), depending on a partner to pay for contraception or birth control (aOR = 2.20, CI [1.71, 2.84], p <.001), and reproductive coercion (aOR = 3.20, CI [2.37, 4.32], p <.001). Youth-serving providers and agencies should be aware of intersections between economic ARA, transactional sex, financial dependence, and reproductive coercion, particularly for adolescents with health-related social needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reproductive coercion (RC) can be conceptualized as any behavior that limits one's ability to make decisions about their reproductive health. Here, we broaden this definition to consider the impact of systemic and sociocultural factors on RC using an ecological model. Specifically, we use Bronfenbrenner's model as a framework for organizing the multilevel factors that influence reproductive coercion (RC) and its impacts on individual health. This paper is intended to offer a primer to historical, sociocultural, community, interpersonal, and individual processes that may interact to shape reproductive decision-making and its effect on individual health outcomes. We emphasize the importance of conceptualizing RC within the broader sociocultural and community context, and the potential implications for reproductive and sexual health research, clinical care, and policy in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, this paper explores the perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine among South Asian communities residing in the UK. Thirty-eight semi-structured interviews were conducted using a qualitative approach and analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants represented Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan, Afghani, and Nepali backgrounds. The participants revealed that family and community influence their perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine. The results suggest that normalizing vaccine acceptance, addressing unknown side effects, and popularizing vaccine efficacy data will increase vaccine uptake within the South Asian community in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One result of the public health quarantine measures resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic has been an increase in the incidence of domestic abuse against women. This practice-based interdisciplinary research paper considers the domestic trauma resulting from confinement, coercion and control within the home and textile responses to it. It aims to highlight these domestic concerns, challenge attitudes about coercive control and provoke discussion. Contemporary research into domestic abuse is combined with examples of domestic coercion and control described in literature and textile. Many women, both in life and literature, have used textiles as an alternative form of discourse to describe coercion and control in the home. As first-wave feminist Olive Schreiner shrewdly noted about women traumatized by domesticity "What has she but her needle?". Textiles such as Elizabeth Parker's sampler recording her domestic abuse are discussed, as well as contemporary responses by survivors and artists. As well as recording coercive control, textiles can also be used as an alternative form of discourse in the healing process. The paper ends on an encouraging note discussing textile initiatives that assist victims of domestic trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to examine undergraduate hospitality and tourism students' intentions toward environmental sustainability and to compare factors (knowledge, attitudes, perceived behavioural control, and intentions) towards environmental sustainability among students in China and Thailand. A self-administered attitude questionnaire was used as the empirical data source (n = 785). The results of the study revealed that the factors of nationality, as well as year of study had a statistically significant relevance towards the students' intentions, wherein academic performance was not a significant factor. The findings are helpful for practitioners and educators alike. Moreover, the paper concludes with recommendations to provide institutions with guidance on how to tackle the outlined issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Critical African Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The classic PFC design is simple and intuitive and yet this paper shows that, counter to expectations, the long standing use of the target information is flawed. Some simple illustrations will demonstrate that what appears sensible can in fact lead to inconsistent decision-making with many common process dynamics. Having explored the source of this inconsistency, the paper shows how it can be ameliorated in a systematic fashion and also investigates the impact of the change on loop sensitivity to disturbances. Several numerical examples demonstrate the efficacy of the proposal in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In England and Wales, Approved Mental Health Professionals (AMHPs) may make applications to detain people in hospital under the Mental Health Act (MHA) 1983 as amended 2007. This paper seeks to establish what the available academic literature has to say about AMHP detention decisions. A structured narrative literature review was conducted with the identification of twenty-five included texts that were thematically analysed interpretively. Risk, accountability, and morality are identified as dominant themes in this review. Risk is prominent, but on closer inspection risk is infused with morality. Morality is the merging of the personal and professional domains, the use of self to understand another. Accountability is situated between morality and risk, inextricably linked on both sides with authors identifying a fear of responsibility for adverse consequences. Sub-themes of emotions, intuition, uncertainty, coercion, and alternatives (to admission to hospital) were also found. Analysis of nearly thirty years of literature regarding ASW/AMHP detention decisions tells us that they are not based solely on technical judgements; morality permeates the decision. The literature is justified in evincing risk in detention decisions, but the prominence of risk overshadows accountability and belies the influence of morality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies and reports of drug abuse cases in China indicate that college students' perceptions and attitudes toward illegal drugs may have been greatly impacted by the changing social surroundings. However, little work has been done to assess empirically their willingness and perceptions of using drugs. This paper, therefore, focuses on examining the intention of college students' drug using and its influential factors. It draws upon the framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) which contains three constructs to predict intentions of a certain behavior, namely attitude, social norm and perceived control. Additionally, it explored whether prevention education may exert an influence on drug use intention. A survey was conducted among college students from 20 universities in Beijing with a self-report questionnaire. A total of 1,425 valid questionnaires were collected. The results show that only 2.3% of the respondents reported they had intentions of using illegal drugs. Other main findings include that attitudes (measured by knowledge on drugs and harm perception) is a significant protective factor of college students' drug use intention, while social norms (measured by invitation of others) and perceived control (weighted by visibility of drugs on campus) are the risk factors. The usability of the TPB has been generally testified in this paper, whereas the result on several items showed different feedbacks than prior studies. The study reveals significant correlations between drug use intention and prevention programs of specific organizers and forms. Based on these findings, possible explanations and policy recommendations are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores teenage girls' responses to general advice, and formal prevention messages, designed to reduce sexting-related risk and prevent harm. We conducted workshops with seven groups of girls (28 in total), aged 16–17 years, in a New Zealand city. Each group participated in a series of three workshop sessions. Drawing on a Freirean 'problem-posing' approach, we designed the workshops as spaces in which girls were invited to observe and critically discuss norms related to sharing nudes as well as harm prevention messages. Girls noticed the problematic gender and sexual politics that shape abstinence-based models that target girls (implicitly) to not send nudes, but which leave boys who distribute or otherwise misuse them out of the picture. Participants navigated a careful path between attending to risk and protection on the one hand, and endorsing their right to freedom of expression on the other. We argue for a subtle, but significant, shift away from a focus on sexting safety to a focus on the prevention of image-based sexual coercion, harassment and abuse. This reframing would help to direct prevention efforts to the gendered drivers and dynamics of harm perpetration, and the ways in which they are problematically socially ignored or condoned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to explore the factors influencing Palestinian consumer purchase decision toward online shopping post COVID-19: The moderating role of commitment. An empirical study was conducted using a questionnaire which was answered by 342 Palestinian customers. The findings show a link between the independent variables (i.e. perceived privacy, perceived behavioral control, perceived quality of website, and subjective norms) and the consumer's purchase decision toward online shopping based on various factors discussed in depth in this paper. Furthermore, commitment as a moderating variable strengthens the impact of perceived privacy, perceived behavioral control, perceived quality of website, and subjective norms on consumer purchase decision toward online shopping. This study provides an integrated model from a less developed country that includes the factors that influence consumer's purchase decision toward online shopping post COVID-19 pandemic in Palestine, as well as examining the role of commitment as a moderator variable [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent strand in the philosophical literature on addiction emphasizes problems with diachronic self-control. Hanna Pickard, for example, argues that an important aspect of addiction consists in inability to identify with a non-addicted future self. This literature sits alongside another that treats addiction as the product of neural changes that "hijack" mechanisms of reward prediction, habit formation decision making and cognitive control. This hijacking literature originates in accounts that treat the neural changes characteristic of addiction as a brain disease. This paper provides a framework based on predictive processing accounts of self-awareness that integrates the hijacking and diachronic accounts. I discuss a hijacking account proposed to explain disruption of addiction following lesion to the anterior insula cortex. I show how insula activity contributes to the type of identification implicated in diachronic accounts and how deactivation of the anterior insula can disrupt addiction by alienating the subject from her addictive tendencies. This is consistent with neural evidence but also incorporates the personal level features of addiction that are opaque to neural level explanation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some people receiving mental healthcare experience distress related to voice hearing and the available support. Some practitioners lack knowledge and confidence in providing this support. Furthermore, coercion in mental healthcare can negatively affect voice hearer-practitioner relationships. Previous research investigating mental health distress, including voice hearing, has largely emphasised an individual-centric perspective. Less is known about voice hearers' and practitioners' relational experiences within mental healthcare contexts and how this might influence voice hearing. This was a qualitative study that utilised a constructivist Grounded Theory methodology to explore the experiences of voice hearers (n = 15), through semi-structured interviews, and practitioners (n = 18) through focus group discussions (n = 3). A tripartite relationship theory situates experiences of voice hearing within a mental healthcare context, mediated through a tripartite voice hearer – voice – practitioner relationship. This consists of five themes: Level of agency; Interpersonal dynamic; Who's making sense; Medication: helping or hindering; and Personal bully. This paper presents a novel theory, grounded in voice hearers' and practitioners' experiences. This expands on current knowledge about voice hearing by situating voice hearing experiences within relational and clinical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how older adults interact with fitness trackers and how that interaction influences their physical activity. We carried out qualitative interviews with 22 individuals between the ages of 55 and 72 who had used fitness trackers as part of a six-week field experiment investigating the effects of feedback from fitness trackers and the social influence of their spouses. From their comments, we derived an explorative process model explaining the mechanisms and the four stages of effects arising from personalised feedback, namely, cognitive, affective, conative, and intuitive. These effects were grouped into internal and external dimensions. Three types of goal-related decisions determined whether interviewees moved from the internal responses of cognition and emotion to the external response of behaviour change. The findings from this study elucidate how real-time personalised feedback can motivate physical activity among older adults and highlight the goal-related factors that influence this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2015, legislation was enacted in England and Wales to criminalise coercive control. While there has been considerable debate on the merits of the law, there has been little empirical study of its use in practice. This paper presents findings from a focused ethnography conducted in two police forces in England. Field observations with first response officers and specialist investigators reveal structural and social-cultural contexts that mitigate against successful implementation of the law. Specifically, we identify officer knowledge and attitudes, resourcing and the framing of the legislation itself as impeding its wider use. While we did not observe the unintended consequences feared by some observers, we conclude that systemic change is required if the theoretical benefits of the legislation are to be fully realised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though rates of sexual assault are high among college women, some studies find even greater prevalence rates among women who are sorority members. This study examined the association between familial risk factors (e.g., child physical abuse), PTSD symptoms, and proximal risk factors (e.g., sexual risk behavior) with three sexual assault types (i.e., coercive, incapacitated by alcohol or drugs, and physically forced) among sorority and non-sorority women at a large Midwestern university. Participants completed a paper-and-pencil survey that included measures of different sexual assault types, childhood maltreatment, parental rejection, PTSD symptoms, and sexual and substance use behaviors. A fully recursive path model was estimated to examine the pathways to three different sexual assault types. Results revealed that sorority women experienced coercive and incapacitated sexual assault more so than non-sorority women though there was no significant difference for physically forced sexual assault. Sorority women also reported engaging in more sexual risk behaviors, which was in turn, associated with all three sexual assault types. Sorority women also reported heavier alcohol use, which in turn, was positively associated with coercive and incapacitated sexual assault. These findings have implications for prevention among college undergraduate women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Understand the relationship between risk factors (eg, different sexual assault types – coercive, physical, incapacitation by alcohol/drugs) and protective factors (eg, strong maternal ties) with depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among college students. Participants: Six hundred twenty-five undergraduate students. Methods: Students completed paper and pencil surveys in fall 2019 at a large public university. Results: Risk factors of child physical and sexual abuse, all three sexual assault types, and combined sexual assault were associated with greater PTSD symptoms while maternal relationship quality and religious influence served as protective factors. Risk factors of child physical and sexual abuse, coercive sexual assault, and combined sexual assault were associated with depressive symptoms while maternal relationship quality served as a protective factor. Males who identified as sexual minority (SM) had more PTSD symptoms compared to females who identified as SM. Conclusions: Findings have implications for targeted interventions to improve mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, meta-analysis was carried out to explore the influence of socio-economics, research design, theoretical construction, and measurement factors on the five paths among the elements of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The findings suggested that (i) subjective norm shows relatively poor explanatory efficacy due to narrow measurement range; (ii) perceived behavioral control shows the lowest explanatory efficacy because of missing the measurement of perceived control; (iii) there are too few items to measure the recycling intention, making the measurement inaccurate in reflecting participants' psychological performance; (iv) the application accuracy of TPB increases with the sample size, which should be no less than 600; (v) introducing additional variables degrades the application accuracy of TPB in most cases due to their high correlation with standard elements; and (vi) research time, local economic level, participant's characteristics, and waste type also affect the application accuracy. Finally, improvement suggestions were also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Domestic and family violence is a social and public health issue typically positioned in policy frameworks as a consequence of gendered social and economic structures. In this paper, we deploy an approach that draws on Hörl's neo-ecological thinking to propose that the home, as a site of domestic violence, can be usefully framed as an ecology of the domestic, a posthumanist hybrid matrix of bodies, spaces and objects in which various practices enact the smooth running of the domestic together with practices of domestic and family violence, including coercive control. Our interest is in coercive control and in the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on practices which enact this aspect of domestic violence. Our exploration of the practices that enact coercive control draws on the work of Law and others. We examine how practices, which are not compatible, or that do not cohere, are able to coexist in a domestic ecology and what occurs when there is a disruption as occurred with the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hazing rituals in sport commonly involve coercive sexual acts. However, sexually violent hazing is rarely taken seriously by law enforcement and the criminal justice system in Canada. This paper examines sexually violent hazing in Canadian sport within the broader context of Canadian criminal sexual assault law. Using unobtrusive methods, the paper examines 12 cases of sexually violent hazing in Canadian sport to reveal what it can entail, who it commonly involves, and how sport leagues and the Canadian legal system often fail to adequately respond. Through an abductive analysis of this unobtrusive data, and drawing on theoretical work on masculinities and Erving Goffman's concept of total institutions, the paper argues that sexually violent hazing occurs in sport not purely for the purposes of teambuilding, as it is commonly understood, but also to establish and reaffirm hierarchies of masculinity within the total institution of sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a fundamental challenge to the feasibility of moral progress: most extant theories of progress, we will argue, assume an unrealistic level of cognitive control people must have over their moral judgments for moral progress to occur. Moral progress depends at least in part on the possibility of individual people improving their moral cognition to eliminate the pernicious influence of various epistemically defective biases and other distorting factors. Since the degree of control people can exert over their moral cognition tends to be significantly overestimated, the prospects of moral progress face a formidable problem, the force of which has thus far been underappreciated. In the paper, we will provide both conceptual and empirical arguments for this thesis, and explain its most important implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present work shares data from a mixed-methods study in Southern Ontario, Canada, focused on understanding faith sharing (often called evangelism or proselytism) within evangelical faith-based organizations. The study figures against the backdrop of the relatively scant literature on understanding evangelism in social service settings. The findings reveal multiple ways in which faith-based organizations seek to evangelize clients "non-violently", i.e., in a fashion that is not forceful or coercive. Here we focus on three: (1) through sharing and imparting a worldview; (2) through faith as a service modality; and (3) through social support. Analyzed against the backdrop of existing literature on faith-based organizations and ethical social service delivery, our findings suggest the need for further inquiry into social service delivery by faith-based organizations (FBOs). The paper discusses some valuable elements of the service provided by FBOs but also raises critical questions about client self determination and autonomy and service free from coercion – even if faith-sharing is in its gentlest and most well-intentioned form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]