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Photovoltaic systems (PV) have been extensively used worldwide as a reliable and effective renewable energy resource due to their environmental and economic merits. However, PV systems are prone to several environmental and weather conditions that impact their performance. Amongst these conditions is dust accumulation, which has a significant adversative impact on the solar cells' performance, especially in hot and arid regions. This study provides a comprehensive review of 278 articles focused on the impact of dust on PV panels' performance along with other associated environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The review highlights the importance of modelling dust accumulation along with other ecological factors due to their interactive nature, and the differences between cleaning techniques and schedules effectiveness. Moreover, the study provides a review of statistical and artificial intelligence models used to predict PV performance and its prediction accuracies in terms of data size and complexity. Finally, the study draws attention to several research gaps that warrant further investigation. Among these gaps is the need for proper dynamic optimisation models for cleaning schedules and a more advanced machine and deep learning models to predict dust accumulation while considering environmental and ageing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air Liquide has mastered this technology for 50 years, including high-pressure hydrogen storage, and Air Liquide's R&D has greatly contributed to it, whether by developing specific simulation tools to design delivery systems, or by defining good practices to make sure installations are fully safe. Air Liquide investments (Air Liquide 2021) Just like energy, hydrogen presents specificities that need to be understood and addressed. Been a pioneer in hydrogen technologies. [Extracted from the article]

In recent years, numerous research studies have been performed in the field of pyrolysis and thermochemical biomass transformation into biofuels, i.e. bio oil, biochar and biogas. Additionally, pyrolysis is an efficient and effective conversion technology as compared to other thermochemical technologies due to various socioeconomic benefits. Biomass, and its composition, plays an ultimate role in the determination of pyrolysis products and is an ecofriendly or promising alternative source of renewable energy. This review paper attempts to suggest specific criteria for biomass selection for the pyrolysis process to obtain maximum yield of biooil, biochar and biogas. Lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose are the key constituents present in varying biomass which greatly affect the products of pyrolysis. This review paper summarises biomass resources, types, the composition of biomass, preliminary tests and physical and chemical characteristics for suitable selection of biomass for pyrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deregulation of the electricity market has been accompanied by the growing utilization of unpredictable renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar, wind, and hydropower plants. Additionally, advancements in energy storage technologies and new energy demands have further contributed to this trend. As a result, the planning and operation of power systems are now surrounded by a higher level of uncertainty. In order to ensure the proper operation of power systems integrated with RESs, modern power systems are equipped with specific vital tools such as optimal power flow (OPF), which regulates generation and demand to achieve specific objectives. Hence, this paper conducts a comprehensive review of recently published research articles focusing on various solution strategies to address OPF problems in the presence of stochastic RESs and power demand. The review encompasses diverse solution methodologies, objective functions, constraints, and distinct techniques to simulate the stochastic behavior of RESs and dynamic loads. Additionally, the paper explores fundamental challenges, identifies critical research gaps, and highlights unexplored areas pertaining to optimal power system operation in the future. This review is essential for system operators who need to assess and pre-plan flexibility competency for their power systems to ensure practical and cost-effective operation under high RESs penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an energy-saving and lifetime-maximizing solution for the LoRa wireless mesh network (WMN). Energy dissipation is a crucial factor affecting the usability of the LoRa WMN. In the worst cases, in systems without electric mains, the life of a sensor node battery may last for only a few hours. Two proposed solutions are characterized as energy-saving due to the use of deep sleep in the ESP8266-12F microcontroller. This allows the optimization of duty cycling, which refers to the ratio between active and inactive periods of sensor nodes power-gating the node, i.e. turning off all circuitries. This solution benefits applications using active power-hungry sensors sampled many times daily. Notably, reducing power consumption during idle time increases the optimal battery life by up to hundreds of times. As a result, the automatic uptime of a LoRa WMN can increase from days to months or even years, depending on usage. Therefore, energy-saving must be optimized if the node is to be installed in locations without a grid or renewable energy source. Experimental results show that the proposed energy-saving solution is more effective than those introduced by previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Several econometric studies, some undertaken for industrialised countries and some for emerging economies, have found that export participation by industrial enterprises tends to lower their energy intensity and CO2 emissions intensity. Similar studies undertaken for Indian manufacturing firms using firm-level data have also reached the same conclusion. This paper uses plant-level data for 2008–2015 to examine the impact of export intensity on the energy intensity of Indian manufacturing. The use of plant-level data has the advantage of incorporating location-specific differences into the analysis, such as the contribution of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, etc.) to the power supply in the state in which the plant is located. The paper finds a significant negative effect of export intensity on energy intensity, confirming earlier findings. Also, on a relative scale, the energy-efficiency-enhancing effect of exporting is larger for relatively more energy-intensive industries. Further, increases in the share of renewable energy in the power supply make industries more energy efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the non-deterministic and probabilistic qualities of renewable energy resources (RER), integrating these resources has posed a challenge for energy companies and government policy planners. Hybrid power systems require frequent voltage regulation to address the changes in renewable generation and facilitate voltage management. This leads to an increment in the operating time of the tap changer in the power transformer, thus resulting in accelerated degradation of the on-load tap changer (OLTC) device. The primary focus of this paper is to optimally manage the penetration level of renewable generation while maintaining the minimum time for proper operation of voltage regulation devices. Accordingly, the major contribution of this paper is to address the switching cycle issues of the on-load tap-changing transformer. Initially, a framework is proposed to optimize the location and size of renewable power generation using a multi-objective cuckoo search optimization algorithm. The main goal here is to reduce power losses and tap changer operations while improving the system voltage profile under different levels of renewable energy penetration. The optimization problem takes into consideration the fluctuating nature of wind speed and solar irradiance for sunny and cloudy days over 24 h. The framework has been applied to the IEEE 57-bus and 118-bus systems with different load levels. The performance of the proposed approach has been benchmarked by comparing it with the genetic optimization algorithm to identify the higher potential buses for renewable generation allocation. The cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) shows outstanding results in reducing the number of switching cycles to about (37 – 43) % whereas the genetic algorithm (GA) only (17 – 18). In this sense, the number of changes in tap position when using the CSA is 1956 for sunny days and 1763 for cloudy days compared to GA 2558 for sunny days and 2547 for cloudy days. The voltage profiles for both algorithms are maintained in the range of (1.06 and 0.94) per unit. The results affirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach in determining the optimal placement and size of RER with voltage profile improvement and reduction in the switching cycles of OLTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, several achievements have been made in power generation and optimising hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) to achieve nature conservation, achieve energy security, and reduce carbon emissions. However, there are many complexities in Renewable energy (RE) conversion, sizing, design, and implementation, that require optimisation techniques to achieve optimal results in terms of reliability, cost, and environmental protection over time. This paper presents an overview of research trends in Optimization methods in HRES which are classified into modern and conventional methods. These two classifications are further divided into control methods, Artificial intelligence, Iterative and mathematical operations. However, all mentioned techniques have inherent advantages and disadvantages which will be discussed in this survey. In addition, the review paper explored different types of research in computing intelligence (CI), an aspect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that involves the development of nature-inspired algorithms for optimisation. Finally, general optimisation criteria, system sizing methods used in RES, Mathematical modelling of RES, and gaps for future work to achieve sustainability were also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green hydrogen provides one solution for a just transition to a low-carbon economy in the Global South. Absorption of green hydrogen into the energy mix will assist in decarbonising the hard-to-abate sectors, and it may even contribute to the economies of these countries when they transport to the Global North which has excess demand for it. However, this new pivot may also introduce new energy injustices, and this is what this paper focuses on. Through a comparative law analysis of three countries each from the Asia-Pacific (China, Vietnam and Thailand), South America (Brazil, Chile and Colombia) and Africa (South Africa, Kenya and Namibia), and by looking through the lens of procedural justice, this paper marks the first comprehensive examination of this concept for green hydrogen. It analyses the trajectory of these countries in terms of their introduction of green hydrogen into their renewable energy mix. Then there is an assessment of their successes and failures, the identification of gaps in policy, and the role of procedural justice in moving the green hydrogen legal frameworks forward is also examined. Finally, policy solutions to future-proof green hydrogen legal frameworks for the attention of policymakers are advanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the trilogy framework of decarbonisation, decentralisation and democratisation and its relevance in the implementation of just energy transition agendas in rural communities of Global South countries (GSCs). It argues that just energy transition should be implemented via developing nationally independent but locally driven renewable energy projects in GSCs. To corroborate the trilogy framework, the paper discusses case studies of India's Panchayat institutions, Nepal's community renewable projects, and Bhutan's hydro projects. The paper recommends that the trilogy framework be implemented in GSCs through the concept of 'energy prosumer communities'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper designs a novel coordinated control scheme to improve the control performance of voltage source converters (VSC) based multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MTDC) transmission network by merging the benefits of adaptive drooping and voltage margin controllers. In this proposed scheme, the droop coefficient is used to manage the DC voltage and maintain power sharing by shifting the control modes of the rectifiers and inverters in the presence of considerable power disturbances. The droop coefficient is planned based on the stability limit of DC voltage. The performance of the designed control scheme is compared to that of existing coordinated control and voltage margin droop control approaches. A ±400 kV five-terminal VSC-MTDC network is developed in PSCAD to verify the planned control method. The simulation results indicate that the proposed control scheme can achieve good performance for controlling the DC voltage and maintaining active power in the MTDC system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate modeling of photovoltaic (PV) modules/cells is crucial for evaluating the efficiency of solar PV systems. However, the lack of specific parameters of solar cells, which are not included in the manufacturer's datasheet, often results in flawed cell modeling. Quick and convenient parameter extraction techniques are required to overcome this challenge and create a robust solar PV cell model. These models are useful in optimization, simulation, and enhanced energy harvesting from PV-based renewable energy systems. This paper uses a recent optimizer called Rat Search Algorithm Particle Swarm Optimization (RSAPSO), for extracting the parameters of single diode and double diode models of PV cells. RSAPSO combines the exploration and exploitation advantages of both algorithms. The RSAPSO's parameter optimization results were compared against five other techniques, and the superiority of the suggested algorithm was confirmed through ranking tests, statistical error analyses, and temperature variation sensitivity analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A continuous energy supply to the load side is required by modern power systems. This calls for a sound understanding of how to forecast load demand in the present and the future with the least degree of inaccuracy. Typically, a sequential method with two steps—forecasting and optimization—is used to derive judgments from data. For achieving this goal, optimized power flow is focused in this paper through load forecasting, mode selection, and optimization of power forecasting. Firstly, load forecasting is implemented using time series, and economic and weather-related information for the different consumer's load. Then mode selection is implemented using Hidden Markov Model that determines the requested load for grid-connected or RES mode. When composite RES is developed, the percentage of serviced load rises as more renewable energy sources are added. Following the implementation of the consumer load and mode selection, optimization is used to improve the power flow. The empirical findings show enhanced prescriptive performance when compared to answers found in single- and multi-household contexts. Also, we offer insightful information on how explaining performance is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the transition from conventional to renewable energy sources (RESs), from internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs), and from the main grid to microgrids (MGs) are essential goals to both reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ensure the stability of power systems. However, the transitions cause new concerns in the grid including technical challenges and financial viability. This study examines the RES-based MG under realistic conditions considering the uncertainty in fleet size of EVs, emergency generator capacity, solar irradiation, and wind speed in island mode. The work aims to provide effective solutions including conventional methods alongside today's trend namely doubly fed electrical generators (DFIG), vehicle-to-grid mechanism (V2G), maximum power point tracking controller (MPPT), voltage source inverter (VSI) with high switching frequency for technical challenges, and virtual synchronous generator (VSG) mechanism for financial viability. The paper provides a guide for resizing the emergency generators capacity depending on system instability. The observations verify that the control mechanisms reinforce the system to remain stable by decreasing the range of frequency fluctuation from 3.1 to <0.05 Hz, the peak point of frequency from 51.8 to 50.05 Hz, and the emergency generator capacity from 0.7605 to 0.3420 MVAr at MATLAB and Simulink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debates on technologies for harnessing renewable energies tend to generate a polarized arena in which critical voices are automatically denounced as defenders of fossil energy. This has created a difficult situation for activists and scholars voicing concerns about the comparatively low power density, low net energy, and environmental justice concerns of such technologies. In this paper, we highlight the contradictions and ambivalences underlying Promethean arguments for solar power, which are currently dividing the political left. Through a critical reading of three proponents of classical Marxism, we address the structural coherence and paradoxes of the discourses within which the faith in such "green" technology is mobilized. We illustrate how Promethean visions of solar power tend to suffer from a pervasive ontological separation of human ingenuity and global social metabolism. This raises important questions about the ambiguous and theoretically underdeveloped role of technology in historical materialism, and about how capital, once converted into the material form of technology, becomes exempt from political critique. Rather than accepting such an immaterial and ultimately depoliticized position on technology, we argue that Marxist scholarship should concede that Promethean approaches must be abandoned if we are to effectively address climate change and other challenges of the Anthropocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents interval estimation for the population mean and coefficient of variation in a two-parameter exponential distribution. The new generalized pivot, profile likelihood function and likelihood ratio statistic are derived and used to construct the confidence intervals. A highlight of this paper is that the generalized and likelihood ratio confidence intervals for the mean and coefficient of variation perform well in terms of coverage probability in many cases. Finally, two real-data applications on the air pollution of particulate matter (PM2.5) and the renewable energy through wind power of Thailand are used for illustration purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulatory capture reflects a phenomenon in which a regulatory agency, initially established to cater the interests of the public, formulates a policy based on private or 'special' interests. Actors within the legislative process are influenced by external parties or may even fall for regulatory capture as they have engraved a mindset that sides with the regulated industry. Regulatory capture is more likely to occur when there is a lack of public participation, transparency, and imbalance access to information. It is also much more prominent when the regulation is made to govern a profitable sector. Although regulatory capture has been numerously addressed, this paper focuses specifically on the challenges posed by regulatory capture in Indonesia's energy sector, particularly with respect to one of its profitable sectors – the coal-fired power plant industry. Despite Indonesia's expressed intention to transition to renewable energy and the apparent environmental impacts of coal-fired power plants, regulations regarding such a sector are still made to favour businesses. This relates to the fact that many political actors who hold positions as legislators and regulators also wield important positions in Indonesia's coal-fired power plant companies. This paper illustrates the tension and struggle between the two contrasting interests of businesses and the public by looking into the theoretical framework of regulatory capture and public interests. Subsequently, it extracts the elements of regulatory capture and utilizes it to identify whether regulatory capture is inherent in Indonesia's coal-fired power plant industry. Ways to prevent regulatory capture are further explored. In doing so, this paper resorts to a doctrinal and normative method. The analysis conducted leads to the conclusion that there are apparent signs of political influence in the coal-fired power plant industry, indicating the existence of regulatory capture. As such, measures to prevent and eradicate regulatory capture should be implemented by the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconfiguring energy infrastructure networks to accommodate the expansion of renewable energy can have specific regional manifestations with regional advocacy being used to promote innovations and solutions on the ground. The paper introduces the analytical concept of territorial responsiveness to unpack these regional manifestations. The paper tests a number of constituent properties of territorial responsiveness in two Italian regions, Apulia and Sardinia. These regions show that while the regional level has had a modest influence in the regulation of network infrastructure, regional actors played a role in rendering their territory, directly or indirectly, available for infrastructural investment and mediated potential constraints, both material/infrastructural and constitutional. The paper argues that the concept of territorial responsiveness can add to energy landscape research as it contributes towards understanding the territorial restructuring of agency, unpacking the relations and participation in infrastructure renewals that are emerging around infrastructure change, often with varying spatial reach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technology innovation meets the dual expectation of innovative development and green development perspectives. Under the canonical demand-pull and policy-push theories, a long-term mechanism for green technology innovation could be formed through upstream policy push and downstream demand-pull. Leveraging China's regional carbon emission trading scheme pilots as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper examines the policy-push and demand-pull effects on innovation in renewable energy patents. The data pertain to the city-level renewable energy patents from 2000 to 2020. Based upon the triple difference-in-difference method, results suggest that both policy-push and demand-pull factors exert positive effects on innovation. This paper further explores the practical and theoretical implications of green technology innovation under the new development perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of DGs located at distribution site, which uses renewable energy sources, forms a Micro-grid system. The problem of using DG with the utility is unplanned islanding. This paper has focused on passive islanding detection method (IDM) which is easy for implementation, cheaper and proficient. The suggested method tried to eradicate the disadvantage of passive conventional IDM. Low impedance grid always immersed small deviation of inverter output in the grid-connected mode, but whenever the grid is disconnected (i.e. in islanding condition) this stability effect of the grid is absent, which is picked up for islanding detection in the proposed method. In this paper, voltage ripple-based passive IDM is evaluated and tested under various operating conditions. The proposed method is easily working on condition like generated power and load power are the same and it was found that technique is robust, without NDZ and can detect islanding within 0.3 sec. Also the proposed method is able to differentiate islanding and non-islanding scenarios, which is helpful to stop unnecessary malfunctioning of DGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the generations in Bangladesh power system are based on fossil fuels which is 99% of its total generation. Following other countries, Bangladesh is also planning to adopt renewable energy system (RES). It has a plan to incorporate 55 MW wind turbine generator (WT) and 100 MW solar photovoltaic generator (PV) in Western grid of its power system. Though RES is green energy but from stability aspect it needs to be studied as RES has limitations in generating reactive power and maintaining inertia. So, voltage stability and rotor angle stability should be given more attention. However, if any stability problem arises, flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices can be adopted. With a tuned power oscillation damper, FACTS can reduce the expected rotor angle and voltage stability problem which are associated with RES. This paper examines the stability of the Western grid with the incorporation of hybrid energy of both wind and solar power and shows the positive effect of FACTS devices like thyristor controlled series compensator and static synchronous compensator with respective tuned controller. In present paper, the combination of WT and PV is also examined which shows only incorporation of WT reduces both the steady and dynamic stability more than the only adoption of PV. Inclusion of both WT and PV, reduce the both types of stability more than their individual inclusion. This paper shows that FACTS can improve the stability with individual or both kinds of RES penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the climate challenge requires proactive policies that spur innovation in the renewable energy sector, various countries commit vastly different levels of support for renewable energy R&D. This paper addresses the question why this may be the case. Specifically, the objective is to analyse the determinants of government support to renewable energy R&D in the European Union (EU), and, in doing this, we devote particular attention to the question of whether the level of this support tends to converge or diverge across EU Member States. The investigation relies on a data set of 12 EU Member States and a bias-corrected dynamic panel data estimator. We test for the presence of conditional β-convergence, and the impacts of energy dependence and electricity regulation on government R&D efforts. The findings display divergence in terms of government support to renewable energy R&D, and this result is robust across various model specifications and key assumptions. The analysis also indicates that countries with a low energy-import dependence and deregulated electricity markets tend to experience lower growth rates in government renewable energy R&D. The paper ends by discussing some implications of the results, primarily from an EU perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand response (DR) is considered as one of the most important measures for balancing energy supply and demand in the smart grid paradigm. Incentive-based programs, one manifestation of DR, contribute to short-term system stability and prevent critical periods when system stability is at risk by enabling the system operator (SO) to directly change total energy demand. The fact that a third party would be empowered to interfere with internal operations is, however, also one of the major drawbacks of DR that prevents especially industrial consumers from participating with full capacity in such programs. This paper considers an alternative Incentive-based program with application to a discrete manufacturing facility where load reduction curves (LRCs) are generated a priori outlining the potential load reduction in the DR period. The SO uses the LRC to determine the desired level of load reduction for critical periods. To illustrate the generation of the LRC, this paper builds on a flexible flow shop (FFS) formulation for a discrete manufacturing facility and presents a model that includes multiple machine modes and product- and machine-specific energy consumption trajectories. Based on the FFS, a procedure is developed to generate the LRC. The paper also investigates the potential of including a battery energy storage system (BESS) into the production facility and illustrates the effects of the BESS on the LRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to Agenda 2030 and the Paris Climate Accord, the Ghana Energy Transition has been inaugurated to ensure a speedy shift from fossil fuel sources to clean energy (Solar, Wind, Thermal, Ocean Energy, Hydro Energy etc.) to avoid the worst of climate change. To facilitate the transition, we have developed an integrated model to explain the relationship between industry forces and investment intentions in renewable energy resources, and the moderating role of sustainable competitive strategy on the relationship between industry forces and investment intention. Cross-sectional survey data from Ghanaian private firms have been collected between January and February, 2022, and used for the study. To test our hypotheses, structural equation modelling approach and SMART-PLS 3.3.1 have been used. The results have shown that industry forces have significant effects on investment intention. The results have further shown that sustainable competitive strategy has significant relationships with investment intention. Moreover, the sustainable competitive strategy dimension of entrepreneurial competency has moderated the relationship between industry forces and investment intention. These results offer theoretical, policy and practical implications and guidance on strategies needed to attract private investment in renewable energy resources in Ghana and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presented control methods for the reduction of the ripple torque and the control of speed in the residential of BLDC and different applications using ZSI. Photovoltaic (PV) systems' renewable energy is regarded as the input of BLDC motors. The ZSI has different benefits such as low cost in addition to improved efficiency. In addition, control of the speed torque ripple is achieved with the consumption of the ZSI. To improve the control performance, the Functional Order Proportional Integral Derivative (FOPID) controller can be utilized. Here, the FOPID controller parameters can be optimized through the consumption of the Emperor Penguin optimization (EPO) algorithm. The errors of torques and speeds are decreased with the consumption of the ZSI with the EPO algorithm. Therefore, to realize the purposes, EPO can be proposed to standardize the FOPID frameworks of the motors of BLDC controllers of the speeds and torque. These presented methods are carried out from the Simulink/MATLAB in addition it is compared among the previous methods of PSO, SSA, also and FA. The performance can be evaluated with two different conditions, constant irradiance conditions, and different irradiance conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern days, MLIs comprise a lot of concentrations in academia and industry. As they are altering interest in a feasible technology in supporting frequent applications of renewable energy conversion systems and drives, these huge power and medium/higher voltage applications and MLIs are extensively used as one of the sophisticated powers converter topography. The MLIs are divided into two types such as asymmetric and symmetric. MLIs of the asymmetric kind have more amount of output AC voltage stage with fewer DC input source voltage and switching components. In this research paper, asymmetric single-phase cascade full-bridge MLI is developed with carrier-based unipolar PWM techniques. This MLI can generate nine-stage of output AC voltage through eight switches and two input DC sources. It is tested through a variety of multicarrier unipolar PWM control combinations. The Phase Disposition (PD), Alternating Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD), Carrier Overlapping (COP) and Variable Frequency (VF) are all PWM control which included in support of preference of single-phase nine-stage ternary cascade multilevel inverters. With various modulation indices (ma), the harmonic substance of output AC voltage for each approach is observed and tabulated. The proposed design for generating nine-stage output AC voltage is demonstrated using MATLAB-SIMULINK and confirmed using a laboratory-based prototype model. The results show that the unipolar Alternating Phase Opposition Disposition PWM technique that provides a high-quality output voltage with less harmonic distortion. Besides, the performance of Carrier Overlapping PWM techniques is greater since it produces a superior fundamental RMS output AC voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an emended Harris hawk optimizer (EHHO) to solve the mixed energy generation scheduling problem with available resources from hydrothermal, pumped storage hydro, solar, and wind units while minimizing the operating cost, utilizing the available water, and satisfying the other operational constraints. Direct heuristics are applied to solve the constraints imposed on the generation scheduling problem. An optimistic binary optimizer is utilized to commit solar and wind units so that solar and wind units share a certain percentage of power demand to meet the uncertainty of renewable power. The hunting behavior of the hawks for the desired prey inspires the Harris hawk optimizer (HHO) because of its flexibility, sturdiness, and scalability features. Despite HHO giving premature convergence as it tends to trap into the local optima while solving complex non-linear optimization problems. Hence, the local search technique (LST) is employed with the HHO to overcome it. LST also empowers the exploitation phase of HHO. Two practical electric power test systems are successfully solved using the proposed EHHO. On implementing the proposed EHHO, with the penetration of pumped storage hydro units, savings in the cost of thermal units range from 3.90 to 11.44%. Further, with the penetration of wind and solar power, the savings in operating costs of thermal units have increased from 12.15 to 20.19%. The main idea and contribution of the proposed work is the thermal fuel cost reduction using renewable energy sources by utilizing EHHO. The convergence curves and whisker box plots demonstrate the EHHO's robustness while solving the electric power test systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As latecomers to the industrialization process, developing countries may face barriers to upgrading from the production of mass-produced goods to higher-value technologies. Scholars have suggested that 'windows of opportunity' can temporarily lower entry barriers and provide an opportunity for latecomers to catch up to or even leapfrog incumbents. In this paper, we use the literature on product architecture to build on the concept of windows of opportunity. Specifically, we explore how changes in a technology's use environment can create opportunities for indigenous innovation and upgrading in specific sub-systems or components of complex technologies. Using a comparative qualitative case study focusing on three renewable energy technologies, we develop a typology of catching-up opportunities in green energy industries. Our findings suggest that policymakers should target certain technologies in their industrial strategies based on certain technology characteristics, and should seek opportunities to capitalize on a local niche that creates a need for innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes the design of a seven-level reduced switch multi-level inverter (7LRS-MLI) topology. The design produces a seven-level staircase output waveform with fewer components (seven power switches), thus reducing the cost and area and improving the performance of the design, i.e. increasing efficiency and reducing switching loss effectively. Both symmetric and asymmetric configurations have been implemented and the results are discussed in the paper. A comparison of the proposed structure with other recent seven-level structures has been illustrated. The simulation (using MATLAB/SIMULINK software) and experimental validation of 7LRS-MLI also have been performed for R, RL load, change in load and change in a modulation index (MI). Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) have been used for digital implementation of the switching waveforms which reduces design time and improves flexibility. For switching devices, the alternative phase opposite disposition pulse width modulation (APOD-PWM) technique is used at 500 Hz and 5 kHz. The voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD) profiles are also computed during the simulation and experimental validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical power generation in Oman depends mainly on natural gas, while in rural areas it is based mainly on diesel fuel. Oman has committed to net-zero emissions by 2050, in line with the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C. The objective of this paper is to propose an optimal energy mix model for electricity generation from various energy sources, such as gas, diesel, wind, and photovoltaic, that considers more renewable sources in the energy mix. The optimization model minimizes various costs such as construction cost, operation cost, fuel cost, and carbon emissions, while satisfying the load demand. In this paper, Masirah Island is selected to perform our analysis. Several scenarios are contemplated, including grid extension to the island. The results found that gas-powered generators with 20% PV and storage are the best option in terms of the levelized cost of electricity. The grid extension is an economically feasible option if the existing load is more than doubled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent passage of the Offshore Electricity Infrastructure Act (2021) (Cth) opened up the potential for Australia to produce renewable energy at unprecedented scale. Six regions have been identified as potential locations for developing offshore wind projects, promising thousands of new local jobs to legacy industrial regions. This paper charts the regulatory framework for Australia's offshore wind industry and how it positions local economic benefits in the licencing of projects. It then draws on interviews with key stakeholders supported by media and policy analysis to examine the early development of offshore wind capability in one of the proposed regions, the Illawarra, in NSW. Here existing steelmaking capacity positions the region to play a key role in supply chains for local and potentially national projects, but considerable structural and geographical constraints in the labour market will need to be addressed. In light of overseas experience indicating that economic benefits often fall short of promises, greater attention by policy makers is required to ensure hosting communities can develop local skills in the industry and facilitate their relative supply chain capabilities. This paper also calls for careful evaluation of early projects to allow for adjustments to policy settings as the industry matures domestically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the design and planning of a supply chain (SC) system for power generation from biomass by using various technologies. A two-stage stochastic programming model is developed to find an effective design strategy under stochastic and highly seasonal biomass supply. The biomass usage, as a renewable energy source, for the power generation affects the environment and society in multiple ways, such as social expectations, life-threatening issues, and greenhouse gas emissions. As a consequence, in the stochastic model, by the social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) approach, the SC's social impact is guaranteed to be larger than a minimum acceptable rate. Furthermore, the environmental risk of the SC is quantified based on its air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions and mitigated. To deal with the biomass supply uncertainty, discrete scenarios are generated using a backward scenario reduction approach. Computational results are presented on a real-life case study in Iran to show the stochastic model's applicability in evaluating the economic potential, the sustainability aspects, and the required infrastructure for the planning of the SC system. In addition, to drive managerial insights, sensitivity analysis on key parameters of the optimisation problem is done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapidly drop of frequency in the microgrid (MG) system when it operates under island operation has caused frequency stability problems. In case, generators and renewable energy sources cannot supply enough power to restore the frequency, the load shedding will be proceeded. This paper proposes the load shedding method based on the coordinate multiple load shedding factors when the MG system operates in island mode. This proposed method carries out an approach through two main steps. Firstly, the optimal amount of load shedding power considering renewable energy sources and the ability to adjust the primary and secondary frequencies of the generator is calculated to restore the frequency to the allowed range. Next, distributing the optimal load shedding power for each bus is based on the combination of different criteria to meet the economic and technical goals. On the technical side, this paper also considers two criteria about the voltage distance, and the voltage sensitivity index. These two criteria contribute to reducing voltage drop and improving voltage stability when the microgrid operates in island mode. From the economic perspective, it considers the load importance factor, thereby minimizing the economic losses caused by load shedding. The AHP algorithm is applied in this paper to determine the importance of loads and the importance of the different criteria when they are combined. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulation of IEEE 16-bus microgrid with 6-source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy technology innovation is the key to alleviating environmental issues. The Chinese government promotes corporate innovation in the renewable energy industry by providing R&D subsidies. This paper investigates the impact of R&D subsidies on innovation strategies in Chinese renewable energy listed firms from 2008 to 2017. The results show that R&D subsidies induce firms to adopt a manipulative innovation strategy that increases innovation quantity but reduces innovation quality, especially in regions with low marketization or unfair competition. We further find that the choice of manipulative innovation strategy is caused by the flawed subsidy distribution system and examination procedures of subsidy use. This paper deepens the understanding of the relationship between government subsidies and corporate innovation strategy and provides new enlightenments for emerging economies to enhance the effectiveness of subsidy policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing investment in renewable energy (RE) in Africa has been accompanied by the establishment of a number of local RE component-manufacturing facilities across various African countries. The local manufacture of RE components presents an interesting opportunity for achieving sustainable industrialization in Africa. However, limited research has been devoted to analysing the factors enabling and impeding the localization of RE component production. In this paper, we analyse the determinant conditions for the localization of wind-turbine component production in South Africa in order to improve the understanding of the opportunities and challenges involved in achieving sustainable industrialization on the continent. Specifically, we explore the role of governance structures in the global value chain (GVC) pertaining to specific components in shaping national policy efforts to encourage the industry's localization. We find that the local production of wind-turbine towers has generally made most progress compared to the localization of blade and nacelle production. Further, we find that the GVC's governance structures may contribute both to impeding and to further accelerating the effect of adopted policies on the industry's localization. The paper concludes by highlighting the significance of the state in promoting local RE manufacturing industries to help achieve sustainable industrialization in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flapping foil (FF) is a relatively new renewable energy extraction device, which has the advantages of simple structure, strong environmental adaptability and little impact on the environment. This study proposed a new FF energy extraction equipment with suction control added to the surface. Based on the moving grid technology, the effect of different suction control methods on energy extraction characteristics of FF was numerically investigated. In this paper, taking NACA0012 as the reference airfoil, the influence laws of key parameters, such as suction velocity, suction port position and suction mode on the energy extraction efficiency of FF were studied respectively. The results show that, compared with the original FF, the addition of suction control can effectively control the size of the leading edge negative effect vortex, increase the force consistent with the motion direction of the FF and its surface pressure difference, thus improving the energy extraction efficiency. In addition, the innovative change of suction mode to sinusoidal suction mode in this paper can not only enhance the stability and safety of FF operation structure, but also its energy extraction efficiency is not much different from that of FF with sudden suction control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development requires sustainable energy sources. Nuclear energy is proposed, but it is perceived as problematic in terms of proliferation, waste, safety and costs. In this paper, these issues are analyzed, and it is demonstrated that this perception is not rooted in the reality of modern nuclear technologies. In fact, the paper concludes that Thorium-based Molten Salt Reactors (TMSR) technology is clean, safe, proliferation resistant and cost effective, and even better than traditional nuclear technologies. Given that thorium is a plentiful resource, this technology can propel humanity forward for the next 1000 years or more. What is lacking is an understanding of TMSR by those who allocate funding for research. Hence, this paper is also a call for action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an industrial policy approach for advancing a global climate stabilization project. The centerpieces of the project are 1) dramatically improving energy efficiency standards in the stock of buildings, automobiles and public transportation systems, and industrial production processes; and 2) equally dramatically expanding the supply of clean renewable energy sources – primarily solar and wind power – available at competitive prices. Global investment spending in these areas will need to average about 2.5% of global GDP over 2024–2050 to achieve a net zero CO2 emissions global economy by 2050. The paper works within a policy approach similar to that advanced by Malcolm Sawyer that integrated industrial and macroeconomic policies targeted at achieving full employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the standard prediction method based on radio propagation characteristics, the author suggests different practical measures for the harmless coexistence of IEEE 802.11af WLAN and Digital TV. There are interesting papers in this issue covering topics ranging from device modeling, compressive sensing, wireless sensor networks, power systems, digital TV and neural networks. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) physical layer (PHY) uses M-ary spread spectrum (MaSS). [Extracted from the article]

Recently, wind energy has been utilized globally as a renewable, sustainable, and eco-friendly energy source. However, wind energy's unpredictable and stochastic nature influences its entry into the national electrical grid. An effective wind speed prediction is required to meet these challenges. In this article, the Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network (NARNN) model is used and investigated for short-term wind speed forecasting by taking a dataset from the Kandıra wind farm in Kocaeli- Türkiye. The crux of the paper is to improve the actual application of the existing NARNN model with factual data using a different number of neurons of the hidden layer, delays, and training functions in the learning phase called the model's hyperparameters. The mean squared error (MSE) and determination coefficient (R2) are used as performance measures. As a result, the hyperparameter optimization for wind speed prediction using the NARNN increased the forecasting performance. Suggested NARNN model is compared with its exogenous version (NARXNN) using three extra inputs. It is observed that NARNN is not falling behind NARXNN because they provide close results, and NARNN has been shorter to run. Likewise, the learning algorithms were also compared, and it turned out that Bayesian Regularization (BR) is the best learning algorithm. Still, Levenberg Marquardt (LM) algorithm is much faster to execute and provides close results to BR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy is now in high demand due to the deterioration of the global climate and the depletion of conventional sources. Renewable energy sources (RES) such as wind and solar are extremely intermittent, making it impossible to sustain system reliability with an unacceptably high proportion of renewable energy injection. An intrinsic attribute common to all renewable power plants is that the production of energy relies on environmental conditions such as temperature, pressure, wind speed, humidity, clouds, etc. Therefore, the power from RES cannot be completely regulated or pre-planned. It is important to forecast the amount of electricity that can be produced in a power grid for future demand. Machine learning (ML) is an emerging technology and used in all fields nowadays to perform different tasks. In this paper, the applications of machine learning in renewable energy sources are discussed. These ML techniques are mainly used to predict the power from renewable energy sources like wind, solar, hydro, biomass, tidal, and geothermal. Fault detection is a significant aspect in renewable energy systems to reduce the operation and maintenance cost and to deliver the continuous power to the loads. This paper also focusses on the use of ML techniques in predicting the faults before it occurs, early detection of faults and also to diagnose the faults in renewable energy systems. Along with the above-mentioned applications, these ML techniques used in RES for different purposes are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in electric vehicle (EV) technology and integration of renewable energy systems into EV has emerged as a transformative standard for sustainable and efficient transportation have led to the widespread adoption of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) for vehicle drive system. The CAGR Analysis 2023–2030 predicts an 11% annual growth rate for the global electric vehicle industry. This review paper comprehensively explores the multidimensional aspects of inverter-based integration, highlighting their significance in enabling seamless hybrid renewable energy utilization and uninterruptedly charges the EV batteries which delivers an opportunity to optimize the drive process of PMSM effectively. A relentless torque is extremely essential in the electric vehicle applications to attain efficient motor speed. This review paper sights the various aspects of inverter fed PMSM drive controller along with a hybrid Photovoltaic (PV)-dynamo input source system and discusses the development of a productive EV battery charging structure. The findings suggest that the combination of PMSM motors along with a hybrid PV-dynamo source can significantly enhance the charging efficiency by 97% and improve overall PMSM performance. A comprehensive overview of renewable energy-powered EVs and their role in reshaping the future of sustainable mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dc microgrids (MG) have drawn more attention due to the demand for renewable energy sources, energy storage devices in distributed generation, and the separation of DC loads requiring more power converters. This system needed protection DC circuit breakers (DCCB) that could quickly isolate the faults in the system. These devices must be as small and light as possible but should only produce low power loss during the ON state. The impedance source DC circuit breaker was introduced as an improved structure (SSCB) which provided automatic turns off without needing external command due to its natural commutation operation principle. In addition, it had many advantages such as faster response, simpler control design, restricted fault current magnitude, which makes the system more fault-resilient, the fault current will not affect the source or the SCR, coordination of cascaded breakers is automatic, and convenience for protection with power converters. This paper presents different impedance source DC circuit breakers such as ZCB, CCB, TCB, and YCB. It will show their benefits and drawbacks, which could be used as a helping guide while choosing which type of impedance source DC circuit breakers is suitable for a specific application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are widely recognised as one of the most essential renewable energy sources for meeting future energy demands. The use of various multi-input DC–DC converters (MICs) to interface PV systems for output voltage regulation has been reported in the literature. PVs have inherent limitations, such as being extremely sensitive to changes in atmospheric conditions and human design/installation errors. Therefore, output voltage regulation suffers because of wide input voltage variations which have been ignored. In this regard, a novel MIC topology is proposed in this paper and it can operate under wide input voltage variation in buck, boost, and buck-boost modes of operation to achieve desired output voltage. The proposed topology is capable to integrate multiple energy sources and it offers an individual or simultaneous operation of the connected energy sources. Further, it also has additional features including high voltage gain, modularity, and control flexibility. The steady-state and thermal analysis have been presented, as well as a comparison with the state-of-the-art literature to prove the suitability of the proposed topology for PV application. The proposed MIC topology has been validated experimentally with wide input voltage variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the research in sustainable energy resources was integrated with the control approaches of various hybrid renewable energy systems for balancing the electricity generation. The accelerated hybrid energy storage systems and steadily growing energy consumption make the variability and the predictable behavior occur in the renewable energy sources, which requires an energy management system. This paper aims to control hybrid renewable energy systems for power management. The systems consist of photovoltaic (PV) arrays, diesel generators, wind systems with boost converter DC-DC, and inverters. The optimum of the real-time process is less due to prediction errors of multiple renewable sources, which track the output voltage and load current. Model predictive control (MPC) is proposed for problem-solving time operation to address this issue and compensate for the prediction error. The major impact factors, such as optimal split power, stability, reliability of energy, and desired dynamic responses, have been identified by applying the MPC technique. A simulation model has been constructed using MATLAB/Simulink environment to confirm the effectiveness of the MPC technique model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing energy demand and the emerging environmental concerns across the globe caused increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in distribution systems. One of the major issues faced by modern distribution systems with high RESs penetration is voltage instability. Generally, voltage instability can lead to voltage collapse, which is one of the key drivers for blackout incidents around the world. Under voltage load shedding (UVLS) schemes are usually executed as the final option to prevent a large-scale blackout or voltage collapse. But ever-increasing integration of RESs in distribution systems creates an additional threat to the existing UVLS schemes. Therefore, new UVLS methods are necessary to provide the appropriate corrective scheme for distribution systems, particularly when connected with RESs. This paper reviews and updates the recent UVLS methods emphasizing on distribution network application. In addition, the contributions and limitations of the conventional, adaptive, and computational intelligence techniques of UVLS are highlighted. Moreover, this paper provides an overview of the voltage stability indices applied for UVLS methods. Also, at the end of this review article, the further research directions to improve the safety of modern distribution systems during emergencies using UVLS are drawn as the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, solar thermal energy has been considered the main type of renewable energy used widely to provide heat energy and produce electrical power. Evacuated tube solar collectors (ETSCs) are used in various weather circumstances such as clear, cloudy, windy, hot, and cold weather, and their efficient system supplies latent heat storage fluid with higher temperature and lower heat energy loss compared to the flat-plate solar collectors (FPSCs). This review paper is considered an investigation on adding nanofluid particles to the evacuated tube solar collector-PCM, indicating future evacuated tube solar collector designs and predicting the suitable high- or low-temperature PCM for various types of applications. Also, three main types of ETSCs, heat pipe, Thermosyphon, and U-pipe, with their applications are reviewed, and the factors that influence the collector performance and efficiency are discussed. Moreover, the properties that affect the selection of the PCM and the usage of various types, sizes, and volumetric concentrations of nanofluid as a working fluid for each ETSC are investigated with their enhancements for each type. Lastly, this paper provides future ideas for using additive nanofluid materials as a working fluid to improve the performance and efficiency of ETSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of resource depletion, energy scarcity, and toxic waste management, gasification is regarded as a viable waste-to-energy conversion method. Moreover, the Gasifier-Engine-Genest combo provides a suitable alternative for distributed electric power, waste conversion, and alleviating electricity scarcity. Despite an abundance of research report, it is not usually acknowledged as a viable alternative to traditional energy sources. Thus, to promote Gasification, efficient technology is required to maximize the yield of syngas with clean and improved calorific value. Furthermore, there is a void in the prior study that summarises the various types of biomasses and their pre-treatment, as well as the progression of conventional gasification to advanced gasification for the improvement of syngas quality and respective critical applications. Moreover, this is necessary in order to organise the conditions and biomass for gasification, which are many and frequently scattered in the literature. Hence, this study summarises the detailed review of recent novel concepts development over conventional techniques of biomass gasification. Recent reports on feed material properties of diverse biomass, as well as pre-treatment employing biomass torrefaction for gasification, are presented in this paper in order to evaluate their potential. In addition, a literature review of the various categories of gasification, the gasification processes, and the impact of technology on the quality of syngas, power generation and distribution were reported. In conclusion, it is proposed that enhanced gasification technology be employed to implement sustainable development in order to reduce the existing reliance on non-renewable energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper examines, based on literature review and data from Africa Energy Outlook 2019, the feasibility of adoption of renewable energy from the ocean for socioeconomic development in sub-Saharan Africa, given the enormous potential the region has for ocean-based sources of energy. The study concludes that mini tidal power plants and salt gradient power are the ocean energy sources most suitable for coastal development. It recommends a gradual reduction in subsidies of fossil fuel-based energy sources in favour of support to renewable energy, building human resources and technical capacity, the establishment of smart partnerships and mobilisation of resources for an effective promotion of ocean renewable energy. It recommends further, that community engagement is needed to assure ownership and acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]