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This special issue celebrates the impact of Baumeister and Leary's paper on the need to belong on its 25th birthday. This seminal work identified the importance of social connections for humans, suggested that the human need to belong is analogous to our needs for food and water, and identified the invisible hand that guides much of the research in social psychology. The first three articles in this special issue provide examples of how the need to belong has expanded from Baumeister and Leary's original conception of a need for close relationships to a broader need for all kinds of social connections. The next two articles demonstrate the impact of the need to belong. The final two papers give the final word to the paper's original authors, Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is about the connection between logic and discrimination, with special focus on Plumwood's ideas in her groundbreaking article 'The Politics of Reason. Towards a Feminist Logic' (1993). Although Plumwood's paper is not focused on the notion of discrimination, what she writes is useful for illuminating some basic mechanisms of thought that are at the basis of discriminatory practices. After an introductory section about the concepts of logic and discrimination and their possible interconnections, I present Plumwood's ideas in 1993 with a special focus on their relevance for understanding the nature of discrimination. More specifically, I use examples of discriminatory practices that make the connection between logical operations and oppression envisaged by Plumwood clear. I focus especially on two questions: Can logic produce discrimination? Can logic contribute to the fight against discrimination? If so, how? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gianni Nebbiosi’s paper speaks to therapeutic action in a new key in the challenges of finding communion with a hard-to-reach patient. He achieves this through the creative interweaving of the nonsymbolic, his mime and music, and the symbolic, which attains greater purchase through painful personal reckoning in concert with his increasing awareness of previously unformulated states within and between each member of this particular analytic dyad. Central to this paper is the move from an empathic stance to greater complexity for each of the dyad. Distinguishing between empathy and recognition is germane. Particularly as we witness the transformation through therapeutic action of empathic presence to recognizing presence that permits the emergence of a more complex empathy—an achieved empathy that incorporatesfeeling and knowingthe multiple, more deeply held, and often paradoxical aspects of our patients and indeed of ourselves as these play out in intersubjective space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 2010s, popular YouTube channels have used derogatory humour at the expense of gendered and racialised others. Founded upon the perception of an influx of 'wokeness' in comedy, these videos mock the mythologised 'unfunny, angry SJW' and teach the audience to laugh at enemies of the alt-right. Although empirical research has analysed the algorithmic radicalisation of viewers, few have addressed the role of cultural discourses in disseminating alt-right ideology through online media. Here, the right-wing 'pipeline' is understood as a tool of radicalisation that weaponises laughter as a tool of regulations and oppression. This paper analyzes the production of derogatory laughter by studying a network of North American content creators including Russell Peters, Lilly Singh, Jordan Peterson, Steven Crowder, and Matt Walsh, using critical tools from psychoanalysis, social psychology, and critical humour studies. Contrary to the alt-right rhetoric that 'edgy' humour is harmless, this paper posits derogatory humour as a tool of marginalisation and domination that reinforces white supremacist and cisnormative patriarchal value systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the impact of White supremacy, ableism, and U.S. policing on both the history and current state of psychology and sheds light on ways that psychologists can acknowledge and divest from carceral White supremacist practices in mental healthcare. Because of how oppression and intersectionality function within a White supremacist society, not all Black lives have been equally valued by non-Black Americans. Similarly, White supremacy and ableism have had lasting impacts on the public perception of disabled people. Connecting the historical origins of the U.S. policing system to the current practices of the U.S. police system, this paper argues that the police have always been about controlling "disorder." Similarly, psychology and the larger mental health field have a troubled history of controlling Black, Brown, and disabled bodies. Recommendations for ways therapists can unlearn therapy practices stemming from White supremacy cultural practices (e.g., carceral therapeutic practices and biased mental health care) are provided along with action items for mental health practitioners to maintain a commitment to undoing the harm from these historic and systemic issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following Goldman's seminal work, most contemporary philosophical contributions on the novice-expert relation have adopted a normative, expert-focused approach. In this paper, we aim to shift the focus of the philosophical analysis towards the characteristics of the novices, and how they might determine the choices that experts make. On the bases of recent empirical evidence from social psychology, we discuss how novices evaluate the messages that they receive and distinguish diverse kinds of novices according to their competence in message assessment. Building on that analysis, we discuss the difficulties of approaches to expertise that focus only on the standpoint of novices or assume novices are homogeneous. In our analysis, we introduce the standpoint of experts, and we pay special attention to the heterogeneity of novices. This approach allows us to identify and address the difficulties faced by experts in the context of science communication. In the last part of the paper, we characterise and discuss the problem of experts when choosing a strategy in the issuing of a public campaign to advise or inform certain populations of novices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People's diets can serve as a basis for social identity, and the papers in this special issue examine the social psychological implications of vegetarianism as a social identity. The papers run the gamut from examining how vegetarians are viewed by the omnivorous majority to examining interventions designed to reduce meat consumption. In this paper I provide background information to provide a context for understanding the articles. This information includes a discussion of definitions of vegetarianism, people's motives for adopting a vegetarian diet, and some of the individual differences other than diet that distinguish vegetarians and non-vegetarians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to bring into view an ethical task that we face when grieving the loss of a loved one. That task is to see the independent reality of the lost other. I shall do so through a reading of C. S. Lewis's A Grief Observed. I shall try to show that Lewis's struggle to see the independent reality of his wife, Joy, provides an important, and troubling, insight into what it means for us to grieve well. Lewis's account forces us to reflect on a key, but largely overlooked, assumption in contemporary philosophical accounts of grief, namely, that we do indeed see the independent reality of the lost other. Lewis's account reveals that the struggle to see the lost other is at the same time a struggle to escape deeply-rooted aspects of the self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to understand how subjective perceptions of human rights influence the justifiability of terrorism at the individual level, net of individual and country-level controls. Utilizing the seventh wave of World Values Survey data and 65,668 respondents from 52 countries, this study finds those who report greater interference in their lives from security agents and those who see the country as being run more democratically are more likely to find terrorism justified, while those who perceive less respect for human rights are less likely to do so. The effect of state terror on the justifiability of terrorism is moderated by perceived democracy, with those perceiving the country as being run more democratically being more likely to find terrorism justified when state terror is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explored the extent to which hospital appointed official root cause analysis (RCA) panels consider antecedent and proximal events when they investigate communication related sentinel events (CRSEs) in hospitals. It also explored which CRSEs are most common in the hospital setting in Hong Kong and the communication modes most commonly associated with CRSEs. The data consisted of Risk Alert and Annual Report on SEs issued by the Hong Kong Hospital Authority from October 2007 to September 2017. Over the period studied, there were 379 reported sentinel events (SEs). In 186 of these SEs we identified communication as a contributing factor. We examined the RCA panels' reports on contributing factors and subsequent recommendations in these 186 SEs and found that their recommendations only highlighted the proximal contributing factors and not antecedent factors that may be relevant. RCA panels most often recommended that communication should be enhanced or documentation improved. We propose that it is time to review the RCA process to recognize that many CRSEs may occur because of antecedent factors that result from the complex hospital organizational structure and its associated hierarchical culture. We suggest two ways forward, 1) applying a language and social psychology perspective to the investigations of CRSEs and, 2) the involvement of experts from different disciplines who can work with clinicians during RCA investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author revisits his previous papers on dramatology published in 2009, 2011, and 2015, adding the results of new research. The additions are ideas about dramatic action by philosophers William James and John Dewey and literary theorist Kenneth Burke. There is a new discussion of the relation between dramatology and narratology. The approach is a retrospective application of dramatization to Freud’s method in analyzing the famous cases of Dora and Schreber. A new finding is dramatization in DSM-5 diagnoses. Another new interest is applying dramatology to Freud’s mass psychology and world-wide events as dramas of history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 global pandemic continues, and in Hong Kong numerous measures have been put in place to contain the spread of the coronavirus. One of the many facets of life that is being affected is education, with many face-to-face classes suspended and students having to go online for lessons. The virus continues to be active in the city, so our usual way of assisting secondary school students' character-building through visitation to elderly homes is restricted. Now we can only provide such service-learning in online mode. This paper explores how an online project helped adolescents in a boys' secondary school apply and adapt principles taught previously in their course dealing with positive character strengths such as kindness, love, social intelligence, gratitude, teamwork, and perseverance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the number of publications on teacher resilience has increased exponentially. Despite the numerous rich contributions, the lack of a theoretical consensus regarding the phenomenon's conceptualisation and operationalisation has hindered dialogue between the various results. This paper aims to address this problem by proposing a theoretical model of teacher resilience as a common framework for organising and articulating existing and future research results in the field. We propose two main ideas for conceptualising teacher resilience, based on Vygotskian Cultural Psychology: a) teacher resilience is a dialectical relationship between the teacher and her everyday professional adverse situations that causes a positive transformation of both the teacher and the situation; and b) this relationship is mediated by cultural artefacts that are distributed in social and professional communities. The paper presents this model and articulates some of the current research on teacher resilience accordingly. It is argued that such a model offers a comprehensive framework for understanding teacher resilience, gives new theoretical significance to current research on the phenomenon, and facilitates further development of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper examines attribute substitution in terms of both heuristics and attribution theory in social psychology. Alternative 'old' approaches in psychology were special because they considered choice in terms that were similar to attributional inference in social psychology and anticipated limitations of the static heuristics and biases approach. Attribute substitution plays an important role in reflective reasoning as an independent entity relative to rationality and produces good decisions, even those are sub-optimal and may be influenced by primitive processes such as intuition and habits. The attribute-substitution research enhances our understanding of intense shifts in economic expectations. It makes possible the conceptual incorporation of substantive theoretical constructions, which are inherent in psychological propensities of alternative, and mainly, heterodox approaches in economics such as Post Keynesian, Institutional and Austrian economics. This research agenda paves the way for possible forms of synthesis of those theories with behavioural economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School governance is a topic of general interest worldwide in educational research, and in recent years, it has also drawn widespread attention in China. In order to examine the problems faced in the process of promoting the modernization of school governance at Chinese primary and secondary schools, we conducted interviews with different stakeholders such as experts, principals, teachers, and parents, and as a result, we found that the problems currently in urgent need of attention are concentratively reflected in the areas of pluralistic co-governance and accountability, specifically including: A low degree of and few channels for teachers' participation in school governance; shallowing and superficializing of parents' participation in school governance; no establishment of checks and balances and accountability mechanisms in the internal operation of power. The causes producing the problems are complex and multifarious, including both causes in the area of social psychology and causes in the area of school leadership styles. Recommendations addressing the problems and their causes are provided at the end of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes early exposure to fairy tales as an important factor of mass psychology that can help understand and predict broad public tendencies and reactions, especially in times of uncertainty and change such as wars and political unrest. Early childhood's transition to self-awareness, and the resulting realization of one's shortcomings, lead to the original loss of significance, with the consequences of seeking a way to restore the feeling of being important and special. In the resulting quest to restore lost significance, fairy tales play a prominent role. Fairy tales' moral lessons are learned through modeling and operant conditioning, with characters' rewards becoming intrinsic rewards for the child who identifies with the characters. These early moral models pave the way for significance quests of later life, especially when one's choices are made under stress and uncertainty, which make the use of heuristics more likely than deliberation, enabling the early moral lessons from fairy tales to influence adult judgments and behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the challenges involved in developing solidarity during pandemics. We draw from the field of economics, social psychology, political psychology and organisational theory to understand and explain how decision-makers and actors think and behave during pandemics. We argue that the rational action theory (RAT) and identity politics are the 'rationalities' that underpin global efforts used to establish solidarity. We see these mindsets as obstacles to addressing pandemics, which show no respect for geographical or genealogical borders. As an alternative, we explore how African philosophy of Ubuntu can offer another rationality in developing solidarity during pandemics. We propose an analytical tool to assess how nation-states might react when called to display solidarity during pandemics and how the international community can bring them on board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I promptly read their co-authored paper, Self Psychology and the Concept of the Nuclear Self: A Dynamic Systems Perspective (J. Trop & Trop, [5]). B Sarah: b Gabe, you were saying earlier that even though you're not a clinician or a therapist - Jeff, you will turn to Gabe to bounce ideas off about particular cases. At the International Association for Psychoanalytic Self Psychology conference in 2019, I attended a plenary, A Dynamic View of Self hood, Affect and Political Context. [Extracted from the article]

This essay examines contemporary antiracist discourse in psychoanalytic communities, in particular its emphasis on challenging whiteness and implicit bias among analysts primarily through education, such as holding study groups and workshops on racism and changing curricula. The author explores the ways in which anti-black racism has been approached and challenged in these conversations and offers her own thoughts while keeping in mind the question: how can we challenge whiteness without using the tools of whiteness (e.g., coercion, disparaging vulnerability)? The author argues that while challenging white privilege through dialogues and education is necessary and useful, it is not sufficient to achieve cultural diversity and racial equity in psychoanalytic communities. An alternative vision for psychoanalytic racial justice is proposed. This vision, informed by works in moral and political philosophy, social psychology and anthropology, entails a two-pronged approach to racial justice based on both mutual recognition – through dialogue and education—and equitable distribution of resources. While the former approach highlights the role of the individual in challenging anti-black racism, the latter addresses its more insidious, systemic, structural nature. This paper explores how we might apply the concept of distribution to psychoanalytic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future of school psychology requires us to examine present challenges, our capacity to address them, and how we might better prepare ourselves for what lies ahead. This piece raises the question of whether school psychology is not only demographically but structurally oriented to the norms of middle-class White women, especially those who demonstrate gender normative identities. Our dependence on the social norms of White women, although having conferred benefits to date, may be limiting the impact of school psychology, especially in the effort to achieve and sustain systemic changes in education. Evidence cited in support of the points made here ranges from literature in social psychology and organizational psychology, to education and Black feminism, to school psychology scholarship and professional standards. The crux of this thesis is not that the feminization of our profession is to blame for the yet unrealized potential of our leadership within education. Rather, as a product of structural, patriarchal racism, the race by gender socialization process creates particular vulnerabilities in White women's social identities that affect the values and behaviors of the profession in ways that may be hindering school psychology from achieving its stated goals. Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2372966X.2021.1956856. Impact Statement School psychology is a profession dominated by White women, who are generally taught to see themselves as powerless, in the service of both racism and misogyny. For the past twenty years, school psychology has diligently championed evidence-based school reform, but little sustained, widespread impact is yet evident. This paper examines how much of school psychology has been shaped by White women's social norms, and how those norms may undermine school reform efforts. The overall goal is that discussing the issue openly will help us to begin to change and become more effective advocates for children, schools, and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we developed and validated a scale that measures the sense of community among Korean military personnel. We conducted the research in three stages. In the first preliminary stage, we administered an open-ended questionnaire to 47 military officers in order to develop the initial questions. Experts verified the content validity of the 60 preliminary questions, and the questions were modified based on the experts' input. In the second preliminary stage, we extracted preliminary scales for 20 items based on the responses of 457 Army soldiers. In the third stage, we provided the preliminary scale to 656 Korean military personnel, and their responses were used to extract a five-factor matrix with 20 items. The five factors were Needs Fulfillment, Influence, Shared Emotional Connection, Rule Compliance, and Membership; each factor consisted of four items. Finally, after four weeks, we administered the scale to 208 additional military personnel, and the stability of the scale was confirmed, with a test-retest reliability of .90. To conclude the paper, we describe the implications of the scale developed in this study as well as directions for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to give the reader an overview of several theoretical, empirical, and clinical features of survivor guilt, and to integrate recent contributions of psychodynamic theory and, in particular, of control-mastery theory into the understanding of the concept alongside the latest findings in social psychology about it. After introducing the concept of survivor guilt and its origins in clinical observations on the consequences of having survived severe traumas (e.g., internment in concentration camps), we will discuss the findings in social psychology on the concept of survivor guilt in everyday social interactions, which is based on a conception that does not connect it strictly to severe traumas. We will then focus our attention on clinical observations and empirical research studies about survivor guilt, discussing the hypotheses developed by several control-mastery theorists about its role in psychopathology. Finally, we will illustrate some manifestations of survivor guilt with a brief clinical vignette. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We piloted a low-cost, flipped model of professional development to help improve undergraduate writing. An adjunct instructor first watched online videos and then discussed the materials with a trainer, and used the provided resources in a Social Psychology summer course. Post-training student papers were significantly better than those from control group (taught by same instructor in the previous year). Both instructor and students rated the intervention very positively. The training was an effective, low-cost way to improve student writing, and a similar approach could be adopted by other departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities are becoming more and more car-dependent. In tandem, public transit systems are facing an increasing loss of ridership. In this scenario, researchers have started investigating loyalty behaviour to understand what encourages user retention. This paper reviews the academic literature on loyalty formation in public transit, including (i) the research context; (ii) the methods applied and the assessment of heterogeneity; (iii) the conceptualisation and operationalisation of loyalty; and (iv) the influence of researched constructs on loyalty. Finally, potential avenues for future research are highlighted. The literature is largely concentrated in Asia, North America, and Europe. Most studies use a combination of quantitative data, cross-sectional design combined with survey data collection, modelling, and, to a lesser extent, clustering. In this sense, structural equation modelling (SEM) is broadly applied. The loyalty construct is usually operationalised according to attitudinal variables, while behavioural measures are less assessed. The research on this field is strongly influenced by marketing theory. Consequently, service quality, satisfaction, and perceived value are often modelled. Both satisfaction and service quality are repeatedly shown to have a strong positive influence on the development of loyalty. Nonetheless, the operationalisation of these constructs can differ greatly across studies, which makes it harder to compare the findings. Additionally, most SEM studies only report direct effects, which inhibit assessing the full influence of the variables on loyalty. There are also small clusters of research on other variables, such as image, involvement, problem experiences, and social psychology variables. To different degrees, these constructs are found to influence loyalty. Sometimes, even to a greater extent than service quality and satisfaction. In this sense, future research could benefit from further exploring these less research variables as they can bring new theoretical and operational perspectives to the current understanding of loyalty behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For years we have argued that however implicit bias might be defined, to equate it to the output of a measure that one happens to also call "implicit" or is a bad idea (e.g., Fazio & Olson, [9]; Olson & Fazio, [20]; Olson & Gill, [22]; Olson & Zabel, [23]). Fazio and colleagues replicated this essential effect with respect to racial prejudice in a later paper (Fazio, Jackson, Dunton, & Williams, [7]). Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 33 (9), 1214 - 1224. doi: 10.1177/0146167207303023 20 Olson, M. A., & Fazio, R. H. (2009). A wealth of research supports these predictions (see Fazio & Olson, [10], or Olson & Fazio, [20], for reviews). [Extracted from the article]

The target paper of Gawronski, Ledgerwood, and Eastwick (this issue) provides a valuable contribution to the literature on implicit bias (IB). Although it is thus understandable that current examples of BIM are relatively poor lab models of IB in the real world, in principle, more useful lab models of IB could be developed in the future. A second potential reason to cherish BIM as instances of IB in the laboratory is that BIM can provide a lab model of IB. Just like different instances of IB outside of the laboratory can differ with regard to the way in which conditions are suboptimal, also different instances of IB in the laboratory (e.g., BIM) can differ with regard to how conditions are suboptimal. [Extracted from the article]

Over half of our news use is comprised of habits: routine behavior that is firmly ingrained in people's everyday life. Conversely, citizens who have not taken up news in their daily routines rarely form novel patterns of news use. Yet, we know surprisingly little about how news habits come into being, especially in real-life situations. Previous research suggests that considerable life changes and disruptions in daily routines can give rise to the adaptation or formation of habits. This paper asks how and to what extent citizens created novel patterns of news use or adapted existing news routines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Connecting insights from social psychology to journalism and audience studies, it analyzes which affective, social and contextual cues stimulate or hinder news habit formation. Employing a questionnaire with open-ended questions with 1293 Dutch news users, we identified 5 groups of news users whose news habits each demonstrate a different response to the COVID-19 pandemic: news avoiders, followers turned avoiders, stable news users, frequent news users and news junkies. In-depth follow-up interviews with these users (N = 22) show that differences in users' everyday context, social cues, levels of stress and anxiety, and affective cues may explain these different behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mothering in the context of a South African high-risk community has undue complexities. Apart from the compounding risks for families and the reality of many "poverty traps," when mothers' personal and parenting competencies within this context are compromised, then the entire family suffers. There is a need for the development and evaluation of a wellness program for mothers living in high-risk communities in the South African context. Moreover, scholars argue for a contextual understanding of structural conditions and, particularly, for the inclusion of a participatory and social justice approach to such program development. The aim of the program described in this paper was to strengthen the personal and parenting abilities of mothers living in a South African high-risk low-income community. We describe our modus operandi in combining research-generated academic information with contextual data obtained via participatory processes to inform the content and focus of the program. Additionally, thematic analysis of data obtained via a focus group discussion with social worker participants was used to identify prerequisite skills and competencies for this program to enhance mothers' well-being as well as appropriate parenting skills. We describe the content of the wellness program comprising concept mapping of four modules called Mattering; Mothering; Managing; and, Mentoring located within the theoretical framework of Community Psychology. Guidelines from various parenting programs were incorporated as best practices toward effective implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional neo-Aristotelian accounts hold that temperance and continence are distinct character traits that are distinguished by the extent to which their bearers experience motivational conflict. In this paper, I formulate two pairs of necessary conditions – which, collectively, I call the conformity thesis – that articulate this distinction. Then, drawing on work in contemporary social and personality psychology, I argue that the conformity thesis is false. Being highly self-controlled is the best, psychologically realistic candidate for continence. However, our best evidence suggests that highly self-controlled/continent people do not experience more or stronger desires that conflict with their evaluative judgments than others, and they are not particularly good at directly resisting these desires. In this way, actual continent people exhibit motivational harmony that is more similar to the traditional picture of temperance. On the other hand, they achieve this harmony because they are able to effectively employ indirect strategies for handling motivational conflict. These strategies are correctly associated with continence. Recognizing that temperance and continence are overlapping character traits puts us in a better position to understand, and design interventions to improve, the neuropsychological capacities that enable humans to intelligently manage their desires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper overviews limitations in both the way attitude function has been conceptualized in social psychology, and in the empirical basis for the claims made. We suggest that the premise that attitudes are expressed for cognitive/motivational reasons is an untested artefact of the methodological procedures commonly used. In contrast, an investigation of 'attitudes' in the wild (assessments, evaluations, judgements) is offered as an alternative pathway to address questions of function. The analytic core of the paper is the analysis of a collection of interactional examples where an Object-side assessment (e.g. 'this soup is lovely') is issued in combination with a Subject-side assessment (e.g. 'I love this soup'). We investigate what is achieved by combining O-side and S-side assessments: why use an O-side assessment and then an S-side assessment? Or, why use an S-side assessment and then an O-side? We show that (a) O-side and S-side assessments support different actions; (b) the combination manages world and speaker issues in a single package; (c) the combination of O-side and S-side can be hearably complete; (d) O-side first, S-side second can be a resource for building (on) affiliation; (e) S-side first, O-side second can be a platform for continued dispute. Programmatic work on the function of assessments is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper invites a critical reflection, from a decolonial perspective, on the importance of considering gender in the approach to mental health problems. From a methodological point of view, this critical position includes consideration of the hermeneutic condition of the intersection between gender, race and other social historical determinants. It also explores the development and the incorporation of a gender perspective as an expression of decolonial thought, in approaches to mental health in the Cuban context. The paper draws on the critique of colonial thought in relation to psychology and gender. It analyses the history and the development of these ideas from the academic experience developed in the East of Cuba, a place on the periphery, a context that is distant and distinct from Havana, which is often seen as the main scientific centre and point of reference. As such, this paper includes a critique of colonial power with respect to the geographical location of the profession of psychology. In this way, it contributes to the central objective of promoting awareness of decolonial thinking, with an emphasis principally on gender and as a way to favour the professional development of clinical psychology in all of Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2016 referendum result with a majority for Brexit came as a surprise to many in metropolitan centres. Deep divisions were exposed that appeared to have largely been hidden from those centres. In the wake of this, many explanations were put forward: perhaps most importantly, the notion of 'post-truth' gained a new prominence. The paper argues that post-truth could be said to depend upon notions of virality, contagion and harks back to founding work in social psychology relating to Le Bon's work on crowds. In doing so, it concentrates on issues of class, especially in relation to affect and working-class voters. It does so by referring to a small funded study with two South Wales communities, exploring their views on and their demands and desires after Brexit. Considering the outcomes of that work leads to the discussion of the affective histories and practices of the communities involved and asks how we might research working class histories and practices in a non-pathologising way. The paper concludes with a discussion of some examples of approaches that provide suggestive ways forward for future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within social psychology, group identification refers to a mental process that leads an individual to conceive of herself as a group member. This phenomenon has recently attracted a great deal of attention in the debate about shared agency. In this debate, group identification is appealing to many because it appears to explain important forms of intentionally shared actions in a cognitively unsophisticated way. This paper argues that, unless important issues about group identification are not illuminated, the heuristic function ascribed to this notion for an understanding of shared agency remains dubious at best and unfulfilled at worst. This paper offers such a clarification by distinguishing and describing two different mental processes that constitute group identification: adoption of the group perspective and transformation in self-understanding. It is claimed that the latter process consists in the production of what Ruth Millikan labels "Pushmi-Pullyu representations" and that it is developmentally prior with respect to the ability of adopting the group perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the processes of the method of empathy-based stories (MEBS) and illustrates the ways in which MEBS facilitates storytelling and narration. In MEBS, the participants narrate stories based on the frames and prompts provided by the researcher, and two different versions of the frame story offer variations in the story elements. This variation enables the researcher to study how the stories change when one element is varied – an idea that imitates traditional experimental research. MEBS is well-suited for examining the informants' perceptions, reasoning, expectations, and values regarding a specific phenomenon or experience. Additionally, MEBS enables researchers to map out a research area, because the stories might provide new and unexpected insights into the topic. In this paper, we present the history of MEBS, outline how to design and implement MEBS research, discuss the advantages and limitations of the method, and conclude by exploring some methodological possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While composite indicators have been used in psychological sciences, they have mostly been confined within the area of social psychology for the assessment of specific issues in quality of life and health. In the area of experimental psychology composite indicators are far less familiar. This paper has the goal of presenting a procedure to design composite indicators that can be used for the analysis of experimental stimuli. An assessment of the extent to which matched taste and shape stimuli share a common semantic space shows the practical usefulness of the procedure. The robustness of the results was studied using uncertainty analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have long discussed the rich clinical applications of attachment theory. Specifically, clinicians have been compelled by the idea that insecure attachment, broadly speaking, may bring about stressful (real or perceived) interpersonal experiences that increases risk for internalizing symptoms. However, recent meta-analyses examining the links between attachment representations and internalizing symptoms have challenged this assumption, highlighting the importance of considering insecure attachment subtypes in understanding one's vulnerability for internalizing symptoms. Here we expand on this special issue's target papers and propose that, despite an increase in citation impact of clinically relevant attachment research, there are still core theoretical and methodological questions left unanswered. We highlight three clinical conundrums: (1) hyperactivating, but not deactivating, attachment is linked to increased internalizing symptoms in adolescence and adulthood; (2) the magnitude of the associations between insecure attachment subtypes and internalizing symptoms varies depending on the developmental period; and (3) self-reported, but not narrative-based, deactivating attachment is associated with increased internalizing symptoms. We call for engagement with adjunct academic disciplines to elucidate these issues. These clinical conundrums have important ethical implications regarding how we understand insecure attachment and necessitate close theoretical and empirical attention before attachment findings can truly inform clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores aspects of the past, present, and future of person-centered and experiential (PCE) therapies through a number of emotions that PCE practitioners may have about its theory, practice, location, and reception. Drawing on Jaak Panksepp's work on affective neuroscience, the article applies his seven emotional systems – SEEKING, RAGE, FEAR, PANIC/GRIEF, PLAY, LUST, and CARE – to how PCE therapies and their practitioners engage emotionally with and in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I apply concepts from personal identity theory to understand how individuals perceive their identity standards related to participation in the environmental movement. Using interview data collected from 40 participants in the People's Climate March, I discuss the contents of participants' "environmental movement identities" and find a diversity of normative expectations incorporated into identity standards, behavioral expectations tied to an identity. The varied self-concepts found in these data indicate heterogeneity in how people understand their identities that may influence their choices in environmental behavior. The concept of environmental movement identity allows for a more nuanced understanding of the ways that people construct their identities related to participation in the environmental movement, including people who identify as participating in movements for change through private behaviors. This research has implications for integrating identity concepts across disciplinary lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a hypothesis about how social interactions shape and influence predictive processing in the brain. The paper integrates concepts from neuroscience and sociology where a gulf presently exists between the ways that each describe the same phenomenon – how the social world is engaged with by thinking humans. We combine the concepts of predictive processing models (also called predictive coding models in the neuroscience literature) with ideal types, typifications and social practice – concepts from the sociological literature. This generates a unified hypothetical framework integrating the social world and hypothesised brain processes. The hypothesis combines aspects of neuroscience and psychology with social theory to show how social behaviors may be "mapped" onto brain processes. It outlines a conceptual framework that connects the two disciplines and that may enable creative dialogue and potential future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workers' instrumental treatment is commonly seen as a strategic way to reach organizational goals. Drawing on relevant recent literature, this paper sought to show experimentally that instrumental treatment is instead associated with negative outcomes for the individual and the organization. We sought to demonstrate that treating people as instruments would lead them to self-objectify – to self-perceive as objects rather than human beings – which would result in them being less engaged in a given task, thus undermining their performance. Study 1 was designed to provide a first test of our hypotheses by manipulating the instrumental (vs. non-instrumental) treatment enacted by an experimenter toward naïve participants (N = 85) during the performance of a cognitive task. Study 2 consisted in a simulated online work activity in which participants (N = 147) were asked to play the role of a proofreader for a fictitious newspaper, while being treated in an instrumental (vs. non-instrumental) way by the editorial staff. The results provided convergent evidence about the hypothesized process: being instrumentally (vs. non-instrumentally) treated leads people to self-objectify (i.e., to self-perceive as more instrument-like than human) and, in turn, their engagement with the task and performance are undermined. Implications for organizational and social psychology research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four decades of rising incomes at the top, combined with income stagnation and declining intergenerational social mobility for the majority of American households, have combined to produce what has been widely described as a "new gilded age" in the United States. Yet analyses of the best available survey data reveal little evidence of a proportional increase in policy demands for redistribution over time. What explains this puzzling pattern of non-responsiveness? One classical explanation, revived in recent economic literature, postulates that high and persisting levels of optimism about the chances for advancement and social mobility reduce Americans' willingness to support redistributive public policies. Although seemingly paradoxical in the current economic environment, the "prospect of upward mobility" (POUM) hypothesis is consistent with cross-national survey evidence revealing relatively high levels of support for such beliefs. What about trends over-time? This raises an important and largely unexamined question: Have underlying beliefs about POUM also shaped Americans' attitudes toward redistributive policies during the era of rising inequality? In this paper, we examine the POUM-policy preference link, and how it has changed in recent decades. We find that POUM beliefs have shaped how individuals form policy attitudes toward inequality and taxes, net of partisanship, income, and confidence in government. Study findings provide new and provocative evidence in support of the POUM hypothesis, and we discuss implications for models of inequality attitudes and more generally scholarship on the politics of rising inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The papers published here result from a workshop at the University of Vienna in January 2020.[1] Academic research and scholarly forums devoted to the Anthropocene tend to insist on the radical newness of the concept, on the way in which it solicits a thoroughgoing rethinking of epistemological and disciplinary distinctions - most notably the distinction between the natural sciences and the human sciences - and to demand the development of innovative approaches freed from the constraints of traditional disciplines. It may indeed be a presentist concept for a presentist epoch, in which case our preoccupation with I Schuld i in the Anthropocene would indeed be symptomatic.[43] It is not, after all, climate denial but standard scholarly practice to require circumspection about the urgency of such apparently actual topics as the Anthropocene. What does the history of I Schuld i , and a historical and philological analysis of I Schuld i , contribute to the unfolding of our contemporary conundrums in the face of the Anthropocene? Depending on which date one privileges - and there are good reasons to work between several of them - the question arises as to whether the texts discussed here are not in fact to be read as artifacts of the Anthropocene.[42] Nietzsche and Freud, even Droste-Hülshoff in the mid-nineteenth century, and certainly writers in the time of the Great Acceleration may have had no inkling of the Anthropocene (although this is doubtful) but their texts nevertheless can be read with attention to the attitudes or expectations, but also the elisions and abnegations, that inform the Anthropocene. [Extracted from the article]

New Zealand's indigenous Māori were colonized by the British (now referred to as Pākehā). Scant systematic investigation addresses bicultural/biracial identity for Māori who identify with ethnic groups other than Pākehā. Taking a narrative approach and applying thematic analysis, this paper explores interviews with forty-four Māori Italians, conducted in New Zealand in 2013. We show how Māori Italians negotiate the challenge of constructing positive ethnic identities in a milieu where ethnic hybridity has been defined primarily in relation to the Māori-Pākehā colonial encounter. Focusing on racism and stigma, we demonstrate that Māori Italians run a gauntlet of identity challenges shaped by socio-political contexts. Conversely, Māori Italians draw boundaries between themselves and the dominant Pākehā culture and draw from both Māori and Italian identities to buffer discrimination from Māori, Pākehā, and Italians. Our analysis reveals a multiplicity of interpretations of Māori-Italian identity not yet articulated in social psychology or New Zealand literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the working along similar lines and would like to take the opportunity offered by Kruger to explore further the literature on possession experiences, which she mentions only briefly in her paper. It mentions the diagnosis of "possession trance disorder" was first proposed in the DSM-IV as a condition for further study, but in the DSM-5 pathological experiences of possession were subsumed under the dissociative identity disorder (DID) category.

This interesting paper by Sherman and Rivers (in press) seems to have a narrower point (which its authors argue for very explicitly) and a broader point (which they argue for much less explicitly.) While Sherman and Rivers seem aggravated by Kahneman's impact on their field, they should keep in mind that this prominent outsider was complying with their admonition to develop broad theory, and moreover he celebrated and popularized the work of social cognition researchers-until new research led him to grave doubts about the literature he had been relying upon. As Sherman and Rivers suggest, the term "social priming" may have gained popularity as a sort of lazy short-hand for "the kind of priming research done by social psychologists working in the field of social cognition." Our direct replication attempts, usually with larger n's than the original studies, resulted in a stream of completely negative results, and left us with a rather different perspective on the situation than Sherman and Rivers. [Extracted from the article]

Conducting research with under-represented, overlooked and service resistant groups poses challenges but can lead to valuable discoveries that inform the development of policy or practice. In this paper, a reflective account of a community-based methodology will be provided which targeted families in poverty who did not engage with the school system. The research discussed provides a phenomenological understanding of how these parents perceived their role in their child's education, and what challenges they felt they faced, both at home and in school. This community-based methodology proved effective in recruiting and obtaining data from five focus groups (n = 27) and a series of in-depth interviews (n = 50). The perceived positionality of the gatekeeper is discussed, explained using Tajfel and Turner's social identity theory [(1979). An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict.' In The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, edited by W. G. Austin, and S. Worchel, 33–37. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole], with particular focus on in-group/out-group identity perceptions. The efficacy of the strategies used are discussed and recommendations for a community-based methodology for educational research is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores everyday feelings of exclusion experienced by Western immigrant parents of preschool aged children in public park playgrounds in Tokyo. These parental feelings of exclusion and unbelonging arose from negative encounters with the majority population where children's visible bodily differences led to unintegrated play. The paper argues that this sense of exclusion is socially problematic as immigrant parents feel negative emotions when using public playgrounds, turn away from local public space mobilities towards online play dates with their countries of origin, and focus more on private home centred play through a style of self-segregation as coping techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the role of the Modified Social Benches, a series of urban artworks, as platforms for bodily engagement and social encounters in open, outdoor urban spaces. Special attention is given to a couple of salient aspects involving both the design of the artworks and their social appropriation: (a) the different levels of sensory and kinesthetic engagement afforded by the benches, and (b) how these material qualities reflect in the urban space around the benches, lending the artworks a notorious social character. The social and the bodily dimensions are presented as intertwined characteristics of the Modified Social Benches. In order to explore these relationships, the paper highlights a set of key concepts, such as social encounters and affordances, as well as the notions of performance and engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes how the equilibrium outcome of social conflict between factions is strategically altered by third-party intervention. We consider an intervening third party that commits financial support to one of two contending factions for reducing its cost in conflict. Within the framework of three-player sequential-move games, we investigate the questions as follows. What is the optimal intervention intensity in terms of the third party’s financial support? Is there a first-mover advantage in conflict when there is third-party intervention? Fighting against all odds, will the unsupported faction have a chance to prevail when its opponent receives third-party support? What is the optimal timing of third-party intervention? The analysis in the paper has implications for the conditions under which the strategic intervention of a third party may or may not break a conflict between factions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]