1. Innovations in graphene-based nanomaterials in the preconcentration of pharmaceuticals waste.
- Author
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Khan, Ayub, Khuda, Fazli, Elseman, Ahmed Mourtada, Aly, Zaynab, Rashad, Mohamed M., and Wang, Xiangke
- Subjects
GRAPHENE ,NANOSTRUCTURED materials ,SOLID phase extraction ,CHEMICAL preconcentration ,DESORPTION - Abstract
Generally, pharmaceuticals (PhAs) have been extensively detected in various food and wastewater samples. In this regard, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is an excellent choice for their preconcentration, extraction, and fractionation. Typical, graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNMs) have been spaciously utilized as the efficient SPE adsorbents for the extraction of PhAs. Magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) is found to reduce the time and cost of the operation by skipping the centrifugation step. Of note, this review summarizes the current research on the preconcentration of PhAs by GBNMs and provides valuable information about their applications in the determination and analysis of PhAs in various samples of health and environmental importance. Finally, the different analytical techniques used for the preconcentration of PhAs as well as their adsorption mechanism, and different environmental factors affecting the adsorption, have been studied and discussed in details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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