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A multiscale characterization approach is developed to resolve the structure of inclusions in polylactide (PLA) plasticized with acrylated poly(ethylene glycol) (acrylPEG) by reactive extrusion. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) coupled with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) nanospectroscopy demonstrates that these inclusions have a core-shell morphology. This technique also proves that the inclusions consist of polymerized acrylPEG (poly(acrylPEG)), which is also confirmed by elastic modulus measurement using an atomic force microscope. The shell consists of poly(acrylPEG)-rich domains, while the core is less rich in the polymerized plasticizer. Upon drawing, the density of the inclusion's core and shell markedly decreases as shown by microcomputed X-ray tomography measurements, and no inclusion-matrix debonding is observed. At the same time, sub-micrometer cracks are noted between inclusions by STXM/NEXAFS imaging, which may result from the presence of crosslinking points restricting the local chain mobility. Novel knowledge about the reactive extrusion-induced PLA structure is released. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel biobased plasticizer made of cardanol is designed for poly(lactide) (PLA). This cardanol-derived plasticizer, i.e., methoxylated hydroxyethyl cardanol (MeCard), is synthesized through methoxylation of the double bonds on the side chain of cardanol, and characterized by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. The plasticization effect of MeCard on the molecular structure, morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of PLA is evaluated and compared to that of a commercial cardanol, i.e., hydroxyethyl cardanol (pCard). The plasticization efficiency of MeCard is demonstrated by a substantial decrease of the glass transition temperature and storage modulus together with a significant increase of the elongation at break as compared to neat PLA. Moreover, MeCard exhibits higher plasticization performance than pCard toward PLA. Such behavior is related to a higher miscibility and compatibility between PLA and MeCard thanks to the methoxylation of the double bonds on the side chain of cardanol as shown by SEM micrographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among currently available bio-based polymers, polylactide (PLA) and its (nano)composites have interesting physical and mechanical properties (high tensile strength and stiffness, good processability, biodegradability...). However, they have relatively low thermal stability at high temperature, low toughness and are extremely brittle, all of these drawbacks being obstacles to their utilization in many engineering applications. In this study, PLA-halloysite nanotubes (HNT) nanocomposites are modified by co-addition of a plasticizer (tributyl citrate (TBC)), aiming at reaching mechanical properties suitable for automotive applications. Properties of nanocomposites at different plasticizer contents are characterized with the aim to reach the best compromise between high tensile and flexural strengths and rigidities (ascribed to the matrix and HNT) and impact resistance, ductility, crystallization rat,e and degree of crystallinity, in particular. Results show that plasticized PLA-HNT nanocomposites are very interesting bio-based alternatives for automotive applications, when the plasticizer content is carefully chosen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "Design of New Cardanol Derivative: Synthesis and Application as Potential Biobased Plasticizer for Poly (lactide)" that was published in the 2016 issue is presented.