Search

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Motivation: Ownership and partnership are ubiquitous concepts in development co‐operation and are often treated as symbiotic. Yet, given their multiple forms and meanings, they have always been in tension. This tension is heightened as partnerships diversify in ways that strain traditional bilateral country relationships. Purpose: This article probes how the proliferation of development actors and new forms of multi‐stakeholder partnership are affecting long‐standing bilateral government‐to‐government ties, and generating new challenges to ownership within them. It highlights the salience of thematic specialization as a response to these challenges. Approach and Methods: The article distinguishes between instrumental and normative conceptions of partnership and ownership, situating bilateral country partnership in relation to this distinction. It illustrates the difficulties of fostering bilateral partnership/ownership through a "best case" study of the Canada–Ghana development relationship. Analysis is based on secondary and primary sources, as well as 18 semi‐structured interviews and consultations with participants and close observers of the relationship. Findings: The Ghana–Canada case highlights several challenges to effective bilateral country ownership in a context of proliferating and diversifying partnerships. Some are familiar but deepening; others are more novel. They include renewed challenges of donor proliferation and co‐ordination; problems of recipient capacity and competition; and adapting to recipient "failure" and "success." Most significantly, the trend towards more disciplined thematic focus in development co‐operation policies, manifested in Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy, has complicated and compromised country ownership. Policy implications: In their pursuit of innovative development partnerships and thematic specialization, donors face new challenges in negotiating bilateral relationships and country ownership. Systematic efforts are required to connect thematic priorities with those of groups and governments in recipient countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify published evidence to inform the development of expanded practice services in rural community pharmacies. Data sources: The search strategy was applied to the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Emcare, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Study selection: In all, 508 studies were evaluated against inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 29 eligible studies finally included in the review. Services provided needed to meet the described definition of 'expanded practice' and be applied in a rural community pharmacy setting. Expanded services were evaluated against at least one of the following: effectiveness, enablers, barriers and feasibility. Results: The studies included in this review were conducted in the US (n = 15), Australia (n = 8), Canada (n = 2), New Zealand (n = 1), England (n = 1), Croatia (n = 1) and Ghana (n = 1). All studies were conducted within the past 22 years, with 11 published since 2015. Cardiovascular disease (n = 7), diabetes/metabolic syndrome (n = 4), respiratory disease (n = 6) and vaccinations (n = 5) were the most common diseases or health service targeted in the interventions. Study design varied, reflected in the methodological quality, which included experimental studies (n = 27) and retrospective observational cohort studies (n = 2). Expanded pharmacy services identified included delivery of immunisations and the screening and management of chronic and infectious diseases, such as osteoporosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malaria, diabetes and cardiovascular and kidney disease. Conclusions: Pharmacists providing these services have an opportunity to improve health outcomes for rural populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]