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SUMMARY: Thiamine functions as a crucial activator modulating plant health and broad‐spectrum stress tolerances. However, the role of thiamine in regulating plant virus infection is largely unknown. Here, we report that the multifunctional 17K protein encoded by barley yellow dwarf virus‐GAV (BYDV‐GAV) interacted with barley pyrimidine synthase (HvTHIC), a key enzyme in thiamine biosynthesis. HvTHIC was found to be localized in chloroplast via an N‐terminal 74‐amino acid domain. However, the 17K‐HvTHIC interaction restricted HvTHIC targeting to chloroplasts and triggered autophagy‐mediated HvTHIC degradation. Upon BYDV‐GAV infection, the expression of the HvTHIC gene was significantly induced, and this was accompanied by accumulation of thiamine and salicylic acid. Silencing of HvTHIC expression promoted BYDV‐GAV accumulation. Transcriptomic analysis of HvTHIC silenced and non‐silenced barley plants showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in plant–pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal induction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis‐antenna protein, and MAPK signaling pathway. Thiamine treatment enhanced barley resistance to BYDV‐GAV. Taken together, our findings reveal a molecular mechanism underlying how BYDV impedes thiamine biosynthesis to uphold viral infection in plants. Significance Statement: BYDV‐GAV 17K interacted with barley pyrimidine synthase (HvTHIC), blocked HvTHIC targeting to the chloroplast, and subsequently lead to autophagy‐mediated HvTHIC degradation to disrupt thiamine synthesis, thereby inhibited thiamine mediated defense pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strain engineering is a novel method that can achieve superior performance for different applications. The lattice strain can affect the performance of electrochemical catalysts by changing the binding energy between the surface‐active sites and intermediates and can be affected by the thickness, surface defects and composition of the materials. In this review, we summarized the basic principle, characterization method, introduction strategy and application direction of lattice strain. The reactions on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are focused. Finally, the present challenges are summarized, and suggestions for the future development of lattice strain in electrocatalytic overall water splitting are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of alternative medicines with fewer adverse effects is urgently needed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Sophoridine (SR), the naturally occurring quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from the leguminous sophora species, has been demonstrated to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, the effect of SR on RA remains unknown. In this study, the collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) rat model and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)‐induced fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLSs) were utilized to investigate the inhibitory effect of SR on RA. The anti‐arthritic effect of SR was evaluated using the CIA rat model in vivo and TNFα‐stimulated FLSs in vitro. Mechanistically, potential therapeutic targets and pathways of SR in RA were analyzed through drug target databases and disease databases, and validation was carried out through immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. The in vivo results revealed that SR treatment effectively ameliorated synovial inflammation and bone erosion in rats with CIA. The in vitro studies showed that SR could significantly suppress the proliferation and migration in TNFα‐induced arthritic FLSs. Mechanistically, SR treatment efficiently inhibited the activation of MAPKs (JNK and p38) and NF‐κB pathways in TNFα‐induced arthritic FLSs. These findings were further substantiated by Immunohistochemistry results in the CIA rat. SR exerts an anti‐arthritic effect in CIA rats through inhibition of the pathogenic characteristic of arthritic FLSs via suppressing NF‐κB and MAPKs (JNK and p38) signaling pathways. SR may have a great potential for development as a novel therapeutic agent for RA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we build a tunable multipolar conjugated polymer framework platform via pore wall chemistry to probe the role of electronic structure engineering in improving the Li+ conduction by theoretical studies. Guided by theoretical prediction, we develop a new cyano‐vinylene‐linked multipolar polymer framework namely CNF‐COF, which can act as efficient ion sieves to modify solid polymer electrolytes to simultaneously tune Li+ migration and stable Li anodes for long‐lifespan all‐solid‐state (ASS) Li metal batteries at high rate. The dual‐decoration of cyano and fluorine groups in CNF‐COF favorably regulates electronic structure via multipolar donor‐acceptor electronic effects to afford proper energy band structure and abundant electron‐rich sites for enhanced oxidative stability, facilitated ion‐pair dissociation and suppressed anion movements. Thus, the CNF‐COF incorporation into poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrolytes not only renders fast selective Li+ transport but also facilitates the Li dendrite suppression. Specifically, the constructed PEO composite electrolyte with an ultra‐low CNF‐COF content of only 0.5 wt % is endowed with a wide electrochemical window, a high ionic conductivity of 0.634 mS cm−1 at 60 °C and a large Li+ transference number of 0.81—remarkably outperforming CNF‐COF‐free counterparts (0.183 mS cm−1 and 0.22). As such, the Li symmetric cell delivers stable Li plating/stripping over 1400 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. Impressively, by coupling with LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes, the assembled ASS Li battery under 60 °C allows for stable cycling over 2000 cycles at 1 C and over 1000 cycles even at 2 C with a large capacity retention of ~75 %, surpassing most reported ASS Li batteries using PEO‐based electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (PLELC) is a subtype of lung carcinoma associated with the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). The clinical predictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in PLELC require further investigation. Methods: We prospectively analysed EBV levels in the blood and immune tumor biomarkers of 31 patients with ICB‐treated PLELC. Viral EBNA‐1 and BamHI‐W DNA fragments in the plasma were quantified in parallel using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Progression‐free survival (PFS) was significantly longer in EBNA‐1 high or BamHI‐W high groups. A longer PFS was also observed in patients with both high plasma EBNA‐1 or BamHI‐W and PD‐L1 ≥ 1%. Intriguingly, the tumor mutational burden was inversely correlated with EBNA‐1 and BamHI‐W. Plasma EBV load was negatively associated with intratumoral CD8+ immune cell infiltration. Dynamic changes in plasma EBV DNA level were in accordance with the changes in tumor volume. An increase in EBV DNA levels during treatment indicated molecular progression that preceded the imaging progression by several months. Conclusions: Plasma EBV DNA could be a useful and easy‐to‐use biomarker for predicting the clinical activity of ICB in PLELC and could serve to monitor disease progression earlier than computed tomography imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermodynamics as a fundamental branch of physics examines the relationships between heat, work, and energy. The maximum energy extraction can be characterized by using the passive states that have no extracted energy under any cyclic unitary process. In this paper, the focus is on the concept of marginal passive state energy and derive polygon inequalities for multi‐qubit entangled pure states. It is shown that the marginal passive state energies collectively form a convex polytope for each class of quantum states that are equivalent under SLOCC. Multipartite passive state energy criteria is introduced to classify multipartite entanglement under SLOCC. The present result provides a thermodynamic method to witness multipartite entanglement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high‐power characteristic of the coaxial to waveguide transition plays an important role in modern communication and radar systems. In this letter, a novel design of a high‐power transition from a 50 Ω coaxial line with an N‐type connector to a WR‐90 rectangular waveguide. The power handling capability (PHC) of the proposed structure is significantly enhanced by a cone‐shaped excitation probe with a bold end, a transitional cavity, and a mode conversion cavity with a curved shorted back wall. The simulated results reveal that the transition possesses high PHC of 257 kW at 8.5 GHz, which is the upper limit of the power tolerance for the N‐type connector. The measured results show that the return loss and insertion loss are better than 15 and 0.15 dB, respectively, in the range of 7.96–9.16 GHz. In addition, experimental validation confirms the normal operation of the structure under a 250 kW power level test, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed transition in high‐power microwave systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embedded bioprinting overcomes the barriers associated with the conventional extrusion‐based bioprinting process as it enables the direct deposition of bioinks in 3D inside a support bath by providing in situ self‐support for deposited bioinks during bioprinting to prevent their collapse and deformation. Embedded bioprinting improves the shape quality of bioprinted constructs made up of soft materials and low‐viscosity bioinks, leading to a promising strategy for better anatomical mimicry of tissues or organs. Herein, the interplay mechanism among the printing process parameters toward improved shape quality is critically reviewed. The impact of material properties of the support bath and bioink, printing conditions, cross–linking mechanisms, and post‐printing treatment methods, on the printing fidelity, stability, and resolution of the structures is meticulously dissected and thoroughly discussed. Further, the potential scope and applications of this technology in the fields of bioprinting and regenerative medicine are presented. Finally, outstanding challenges and opportunities of embedded bioprinting as well as its promise for fabricating functional solid organs in the future are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusions The objective of this study was to gain insight into the barriers hindering the use of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in five cities in China.MSM were recruited via community‐based organizations in an online “snowball” manner. Participants completed the questionnaire anonymously and shared it with key MSM peers (seeds) in five cities in China. Based on the results of univariate analysis, we used a structural equation model to analyse the role of PrEP knowledge awareness, PrEP counselling, and other behavioural variables on PrEP use.The study collected a total of 4223 valid questionnaires, and 18.2% of participants reported PrEP use. The results of the standardized total effects showed that the following paths were statistically significant (p < 0.05): from the age of first sex with men to PrEP knowledge awareness (β = −0.113) and PrEP use (β = 0.042); from high‐risk sexual behaviour scores to PrEP counselling (β = 0.039) and PrEP use (β = 0.103); from the number of HIV tests in the last year to PrEP knowledge awareness (β = 0.034), PrEP counselling (β = 0.170), and PrEP use (β = 0.197); from the level of self‐perceived risk of HIV infection to PrEP counselling (β = −0.115); from PrEP knowledge awareness to PrEP use (β = −0.049); and from PrEP counselling to PrEP use (β = 0.420).The proportion of PrEP use among MSM was relatively low. Age at first sex with men, number of HIV tests, high‐risk sexual behaviour, and PrEP counselling had a positive effect on PrEP use, whereas PrEP knowledge awareness had an inverse effect on PrEP use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are considered as potential choice for future energy storage systems due to their adjustable chemistry, environment friendliness, and cost‐effectiveness. In this study, structurally stabilized and aldehyde‐tuned hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs‐8) are designed and prepared to contain arrayed electronegative sites for sodium‐ion storage. Benefitting from the flexible hydrogen bond and unique structural symmetry, HOFs‐8 can achieve efficient utilization of the active sites and fast transport of sodium ions and electrons. The HOFs‐8 electrode exhibits an impressive lifespan of 5000 cycles at 3.66 A g−1 (20 C). In situ Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (in situ FT‐IR) and ex situ X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (ex situ XPS) analyses are performed to illustrate the mechanism of sodium‐ion storage involving aldehyde‐tuned C═O. Additionally, flexible hydrogen bonds in HOFs materials with unique structural symmetries are investigated to elucidate the mechanism of hydrogen bonding for improving their electrochemical properties. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations verified that HOFs‐8 has excellent Na+ diffusion kinetics, enabling it to demonstrate outstanding rate capability. This work offers insight into the design of new electrodes and improved HOFs, which are expected to have tremendous potential in energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a hydrogen‐bonded cobalt porphyrin framework is presented that can efficiently host iodine and serve as an electrocatalyst for aqueous zinc‐iodine (Zn‐I2) organic batteries. The Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Density functional theory (DFT) results demonstrate that hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) possess excellent adsorption properties for iodine species. In situ Raman spectroscopy illustrates that the redox mechanism of Zn‐I2 battery depends on the redox reaction of I/I−, with I3−/I5− serving as intermediary products. The in situ Ultraviolet‐visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy further reveals that HOFs restrict polyiodide solubilization. The aqueous Zn‐I2 organic batteries with I2@PFC‐72‐Co cathodes exhibit excellent rate capability, achieving 134.9 mAh g−1 at 20 C. Additionally, these batteries demonstrate long‐term cycle stability, enduring > 5000 cycles at 20 C. The impressive electrochemical performance of I2@PFC‐72‐Co can be attributed to the cooperative Co single‐atom (CoSA) electrocatalyst in the HOF‐Co structure. Moreover, the benzene ring structure and the carboxyl functional group of HOFs possess a strong ability to adsorb iodine and iodide. Owing to these synergistic effects, the aqueous Zn‐I2 batteries with the I2@PFC‐72‐Co cathode exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe‐based Prussian blue (Fe‐PB) cathode material shows great application potential in sodium (Na)‐ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, long cycle life, low cost, and simple preparation process. However, the crystalline water and vacancies of Fe‐PB lattice, the low electrical conductivity, and the dissolution of metal ions lead to limited capacity and poor cycling stability. In this work, a perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride amine (PTCDA) coating layer is successfully fabricated on the surface of Fe‐PB by a liquid‐phase method. The aminated PTCDA (PTCA) coating not only increases the specific surface area and electronic conductivity but also effectively reduces the crystalline water and vacancies, which avoids the erosion of Fe‐PB by electrolyte. Consequently, the PTCA layer reduces the charge transfer resistance, enhances the Na‐ion diffusion coefficient, and improves the structure stability. The PTCA‐coated Fe‐PB exhibits superior Na storage performance with a first discharge capacity of 145.2 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1. Long cycling tests exhibit minimal capacity decay of 0.027% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. Therefore, this PTCA coating strategy has shown promising competence in enhancing the electrochemical performance of Fe‐PB, which can potentially serve as a universal electrode coating strategy for Na‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest plantations most likely promote exotic plant invasion. Using an in situ monitoring method, this study investigated the traits correlated with growth and reproduction of an understory invader, Phytolacca americana L., and ecological factors including understory irradiance, soil stoichiometry and microbial patterns associated with these traits in different exotic plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Pinus thunbergii Parl. at Mount Lao, Qingdao, China. We found that the traits of P. americana underneath the R. pseudoacacia stand might be situated at the fast side of the trait economic spectrum. The R. pseudoacacia stand appeared to "nurse" P. americana. Furthermore, we intended to explain the nurse effects of R. pseudoacacia stands by examining their ecological factors. First, the R. pseudoacacia stand created understory light attenuation, which matched the sciophilous feature of P. americana. Second, the soil beneath the R. pseudoacacia stand might benefit P. americana more since the soil has greater resource availability. Third, a higher microbial diversity was found in the soil derived from P. americana underneath the R. pseudoacacia stand. A greater abundance of plant pathogens was detected in the soil derived from P. americana in the R. pseudoacacia stand, while more abundant mycorrhizal fungi were detected in the P. thunbergii stand. We speculate that plant pathogens can defend P. americana from aggression from other understory competitors. The mycorrhizal fungi in the P. thunbergii stand might benefit P. americana while simultaneously benefiting other understory plants. Intensive competition from other plants might interfere with P. americana. The potential relationships between plant performance and ecological factors may explain the invasion mechanism of P. americana. The present study provides a novel insight on the facilitative effects of exotic tree plantation on an exotic herb through the modification of soil biota, with implications for the biocontrol of invasive species and forest management and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the luminescent performance of organic–inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) have obtained significant advances, achieving intrinsic water‐stable OIMHs remain a substantial challenge due to the fragile ionic nature of hybrid the halide structure. To overcome these challenges, a structural design strategy is proposed that involves the use of highly hydrophobic cations as a protective layer to improve the water stability of OIMH. Herein, an aprotic trimethylsulfoxonium [TMSO]+ is selected as a hydrophobic cation and successfully assemble two new manganese based OIMHs of (TMSO)MnCl3 and (TMSO)MnBr3 through facile solid and liquid phase reaction methods. Remarkably, these halides exhibit strong red light emissions with high quantum yields recorded at 86.1% and 53.4%, respectively, originating from the octahedral [MnX6]4− based one‐dimensional (1D) [MnX3]− chain. Most significantly, these halides present extraordinary structural and luminescent stabilities toward continuous corrosion by humid air, water, and acid‐aqueous solution for more than one month, suggesting promising application prospects in extreme chemical environments. In‐depth Hirshfeld surface calculations demonstrate that the ultrahigh water‐stability benefits from the abundant hydrogen bonds and strong electrostatic interactions between [TMSO]+ and [MnX3]− ions, which provides an underlying insight into the stability mechanism. This water‐stability enhancement strategy represents a breakthrough structural engineering to rationally design more water‐stable OIMH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a phased‐array antenna system, position mismatches in spacing distances between source's output and antenna arrays' input ports are common. At present, flexible radiofrequency cables are always utilized to electrically connect those two parts, which will result in the reduced integration. To tackle this problem, a low‐profile aperture converter array (ACA) is first proposed, which is applied between a microwave source and antenna arrays. Each stripline‐structured channel of the ACA is composed of the signal lines with different routing shapes to achieve nearly the same phase shift. In this study, a high‐power and high‐efficiency 16‐channel ACA is designed, fabricated and measured at X‐band. Experimental results show that it meets the requirement of 5‐kW pulse wave input, and the power transfer efficiency of each channel is more than 93.8%. Furthermore, its profile is only 0.42 λ0 ${\lambda }_{0}$ at 9 GHz, which is favorable to transforming the integration of the whole system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) thin films is important for expanding their functions and applications. Herein, we first report a new kind of MOF thin film by using aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) dicarboxyl ligand through a liquid‐phase epitaxial (LPE) layer‐by‐layer (LBL) spraying method (named AIE surface‐coordinated metal‐organic frameworks thin film, AIE‐SURMOF). The obtained AIE‐SURMOF Zn4O(TPE)3 (ZnTPE) has highly growth orientation and homogeneous thin film, showing strong fluorescent property. Furthermore, by loading chiral guest in the MOF pore, the formed chiral encapsulated AIE‐SURMOF can clearly indicate obvious circularly polarized luminescence performance with glum of 0.01. This study provides new MOF thin film and new strategy for expanding function and application of MOF materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing films of chiral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with high circular polarization luminescence (CPL) is facing a great challenge for chiral sensing applications. Herein, a layer‐by‐layer chiral induction method is first reported to prepare enantiopure MOF films for CPL sensing. By layer‐by‐layer induction with the chiral inductor camphorsulfonic acid, fluorene‐based chiral MOF D/L‐ZnHF‐SO2 film (HF‐SO2 = 3,7‐Dibenzothiophenedicarboxylate, 5,5‐dioxide) with preferential growth orientation and homogeneous surface are prepared, which shows strong chiral feature and CPL with higher asymmetry factor of ±0.073. In addition, by mixed ligand approach, the isostructural fluorene ligand 9‐fluororenone‐2,7‐dicarboxylate is chosen to replace part of HF‐SO2 for preparing a series of chiral MOF films with tunable CPL emission. Furthermore, the prepared chiral MOF films with strong CPL performance are further utilized for enantiomers sensing. The CPL changes consisted with enantioselective adsorption results showed that D/L‐ZnHF‐SO2 film has good discrimination against chiral R/S‐phenylethylamine enantiomers, first reporting chiral MOF‐based candidates for the application in CPL sensing of enantiomers. This work provides a facile and effective approach for preparing chiral MOF films materials with high and tunable CPL performance, and also gives a new way to achieve CPL sensing of chiral enantiomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate warming is accelerating permafrost degradation. The large amounts of soil organic matter in permafrost‐affected soils are prone to increased microbial decomposition in a warming climate. Along with permafrost degradation, changes to the soil microbiome play a crucial role in enhancing our understanding and in predicting the feedback of permafrost carbon. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge of carbon‐cycling microbial ecology in permafrost regions. Microbiomes in degrading permafrost exhibit variations across spatial and temporal scales. Among the short‐term, rapid degradation scenarios, thermokarst lakes have distinct biogeochemical conditions promoting emission of greenhouse gases. Additionally, extreme climatic events can trigger drastic changes in microbial consortia and activity. Notably, environmental conditions appear to exert a dominant influence on microbial assembly in permafrost ecosystems. Furthermore, as the global climate is closely connected to various permafrost regions, it will be crucial to extend our understanding beyond local scales, for example by conducting comparative and integrative studies between Arctic permafrost and alpine permafrost on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau at global and continental scales. These comparative studies will enhance our understanding of microbial functioning in degrading permafrost ecosystems and help inform effective strategies for managing and mitigating the impacts of climate change on permafrost regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiotherapy has unique immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects. Although high‐dose radiotherapy has been found to have systemic antitumor effects, clinically significant abscopal effects were uncommon on the basis of irradiating single lesion. Low‐dose radiation therapy (LDRT) emerges as a novel approach to enhance the antitumor immune response due to its role as a leverage to reshape the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). In this article, from bench to bedside, we reviewed the possible immunomodulatory role of LDRT on TIME and systemic tumor immune environment, and outlined preclinical evidence and clinical application. We also discussed the current challenges when LDRT is used as a combination therapy, including the optimal dose, fraction, frequency, and combination of drugs. The advantage of low toxicity makes LDRT potential to be applied in multiple lesions to amplify antitumor immune response in polymetastatic disease, and its intersection with other disciplines might also make it a direction for radiotherapy‐combined modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The sterile insect technique (SIT) has proven to be an effective approach in managing the population of major invasive pests. Our previous studies showed that irradiation of Cydia pomonella males at a dosage of 366 Gy X‐rays resulted in complete sterility. However, the mating competitiveness of sterilized males is significantly compromised, which can be attributed to a decline in their ability to fly. RESULTS: In this study, we examined the flight patterns of both male and female adults of C. pomonella. The results revealed significant variations in the average flight speed of both genders at different stages of maturity, with females displaying longer flight duration and covering greater distances. Effect of irradiation on the flight performance of 3‐day‐old male moths was further evaluated, as they demonstrated the longest flight distance. The findings indicated a significant decrease in flight distance, duration, and average speed, due to wing deformities caused by irradiation, which also limited the dispersal distance of moths in orchards, as indicated by the mark‐and‐recapture assay. Reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a down‐regulation of flight‐related genes such as Flightin, myosin heavy chain, and Distal‐less following radiation exposure. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that X‐ray irradiation at a radiation dose of 366 Gy has a detrimental effect on the flight ability of male C. pomonella adults. These insights not only contribute to a better understanding of how radiation sterilization diminishes the mating competitiveness of male moths, but also aid in the development and improvement of SIT practices for the effective control of C. pomonella. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the facile oxidation of ammonia is one key for its utilization as a zero‐carbon fuel in a direct ammonia fuel cell, developing the ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) catalysts with cost‐effective and higher activity is urgently required. However, the catalytic activity of AOR is limited by the scaling relationship of the intermediate adsorption. Based on the density functional theory, the N‐modified Co3Mo3C with separated active sites of NH3 dehydrogenation and N−N coupling has been designed and investigated, which is a promising strategy to circumvent the scaling relationship, achieving improved AOR catalytic performance with a lower theoretical overpotential of 0.59 V under fast reaction kinetics condition. The calculation results show that the hollow site (Co−Mo−Mo and Co−Co−Mo) and Co site in N‐modified Co3Mo3C play essential roles in NH3 dehydrogenation and N−N coupling, respectively. This work not only benefits for understanding the mechanism of AOR, but also provides a fundamental guidance for rational design of AOR catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Pd‐catalyzed three‐component intermolecular reaction between aryl halides, ClCF2COONa and phenols is developed. A series of aryl benzoates were synthesized in up to 84 % yield via difluorocarbene transfer carbonylation. It is devoted to acquiring the targeted products by construction of new C−C, C=O and C−O bonds in a one‐pot, one‐step process. The feature of this method includes the use of readily available starting materials, showing outstanding resistance to spatial obstruction and simple operation procedure with mild reaction conditions. Therefore, this makes the methodology a useful alternative to other schemes typically used for the synthesis of aryl esters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to study the stability, radical scavenging activities, and bio‐safety of cysteine‐conjugated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (Cys‐conj‐HA NPs). Additionally, the feasibility of utilizing these NPs as drug delivery systems is discussed. The structures of synthesized Cys‐conj‐HA polymers were analyzed using 1H nuclear magnetic spectrum (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. The stability, radical scavenging activity, and bio‐safety of fabricated Cys‐conj‐HA NPs were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photograph illustrated that Cys‐conj‐HA NPs possessed spherical shapes with an average diameter of approximately 230 nm. Furthermore, these NPs exhibited high stability at temperatures of 4, 25, and 37°C. Notably, Cys‐conj‐HA NPs demonstrated significant free radical scavenging capabilities. The high cell viability observed indicated the absence of cytotoxicity from Cys‐conj‐HA NPs. Additionally, bio‐safety studies revealed that these NPs did not induce acute toxicity in the blood and viscera of cargo‐free NPs treated mice. Elisa assays indicated that there was no significant difference in the concentrations of interferon‐γ (INF‐γ) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) between Cys‐conj‐HA NPs and normal saline (NS) treated mice (ns, p > 0.05), suggesting the absence of an inflammatory reaction caused by these NPs. Consequently, it can be concluded that Cys‐conj‐HA NPs are sufficiently safe to be employed as a vehicle for delivering oxidizing drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in human brains, playing a role in the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders. Current methods have some non‐neglectable shortcomings and noninvasive and accurate detection of GABA in human brains is long‐term challenge. Purpose: To develop a pulse sequence capable of selectively detecting and quantifying the 1H signal of GABA in human brains based on optimal controlled spin singlet order. Study Type: Prospective. Subjects/Phantom: A phantom of GABA (pH = 7.3 ± 0.1) and 11 healthy subjects (5 females and 6 males, body mass index: 21 ± 3 kg/m2, age: 25 ± 4 years). Field Strength/Sequence: 7 Tesla, 3 Tesla, GABA‐targeted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (GABA‐MRS‐7 T, GABA‐MRS‐3 T), magnetization prepared two rapid acquisition gradient echoes sequence. Assessment: By using the developed pulse sequences applied on the phantom and healthy subjects, the signals of GABA were successfully selectively probed. Quantification of the signals yields the concentration of GABA in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) in human brains. Statistical Tests: Frequency. Results: The 1H signals of GABA in the phantom and in the human brains of healthy subjects were successfully detected. The concentration of GABA in the dACC of human brains was 3.3 ± 1.5 mM. Data Conclusion: The developed pulse sequences can be used to selectively probe the 1H MR signals of GABA in human brains in vivo. Evidence Level: 1 Technical Efficacy Stage: 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conversion of air and water into valuable chemicals of ammonia (NH3) by plasma activation and electrochemical reduction is a promising approach to achieve zero carbon‐emission synthesis of NH3. However, designing highly efficient electrochemical catalysts is one of the key challenges in accomplishing this strategy. Herein, a self‐supported cobalt–tungsten alloy supported on cobalt foam (CoW/CF) is developed via a simple and efficient method at room temperature. Surprisingly, the catalyst exhibits ultra‐high NH3 partial current density (1559 mA cm−2), superior NH3 yield rate (164.3 mg h−1 cm−2), and high Faradaic efficiency (98.1%) under the condition of 0.2 M nitrate/nitrite, outperforming most of the reported values of electrosynthesis of NH3 to the knowledge. The introduction of W makes the Co atom surface electron deficient, which can enhance the adsorption of NOx− and mitigate the excessive bonding of hydroxyl radicals (OH*) generated during nitrite (NO2*) hydrogenation, thereby reducing the energy barrier of the potential‐determining step. More interestingly, a scale‐up reaction system is established, achieving an NH3 yield rate of 4.771 g h−1 and successfully converting the NH3 in solution into solid NH4Cl. The aforementioned progress significantly enhances the facilitation of NH3 electrosynthesis industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An H‐slot loaded metasurface (MTS) structure has been developed for the purpose of constructing a miniaturized wideband metasurface antenna (MTSA). The MTS is composed of an array of 3 × 3 rectangular small metal patches, each of which is loaded with an H‐slot. The inclusion of the H‐slot significantly lengthens the current path on the small metal patch, resulting in a small antenna size. Since the direction of the effective total current does not change, the radiation performance of the antenna is almost unaffected. To excite the MTS resonance and generate a stable radiation pattern while decreasing the backward radiation, an L‐probe with an intact ground is employed. Characteristic mode analysis (CMA) is applied to reveal the miniaturization mechanism of the MTS and guide modal excitation. The prototype is fabricated and measured within a compact radiation aperture size of 0.35λ0 × 0.29λ0 (λ0 is the free‐space wavelength at the center operating frequency). The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth is 20.16% (5.22–6.39 GHz), with a peak gain of 6.28 dBi and a front‐to‐back ratio is larger than 20 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limitation to enhancing photocatalytic performance in photocatalysts lies in the rapid recombination of photo‐induced electrons and holes. Herein, AgNbO3 photocatalysts were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The effects of hydrothermal temperature on the microstructure and photocatalytic/piezo‐photocatalytic performances of AgNbO3 have been systematically investigated. The AgNbO3 cubes synthesized at 180 °C for 24 h exhibited the best photocatalytic/piezo‐photocatalytic performances among all samples. The corona poling as an important method of polarization engineering is applied to promote further the separation and migration of charge carriers in AgNbO3. The polarized AgNbO3 synthesized at 170 °C exhibited outstanding piezo‐photocatalytic performance, and a degradation rate of 95 % for RhB within 90 min and a high apparent rate constant of 0.02978 min−1 were achieved. On the one hand, the alternating piezoelectric field caused by ultrasonic‐assisted illumination destroyed the shielding effect and enhanced the separation of electron‐hole pairs. On the other hand, polarization engineering induced by corona poling promoted the separation and migration of photo‐induced carriers, thereby realizing more efficient utilization of these charges during the photocatalytic decomposition process. This work presents a facile way to achieve superior piezo‐photocatalytic performances of AgNbO3‐based photocatalyst via polarization engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted great interest for their advantageous application in room‐temperature broadband photodetectors. Developing effective strategies to optimize the photo‐carrier dynamical process of monolayer TMDs is still urgently necessary to extend wavelength range and reduce dark current due to the theoretical limitation of their intrinsic band structure. Herein, an interesting approach is reported to realize broadband photodetection from 532 to 1550 nm with low dark current for the first time by using composition‐triggered growth of coherent atomic structures of enriched nanoscale mix‐phase (2H/1T') monolayer MoTe2(1−x)S2x alloys. The morphology and phase evolution at the nanoscale of monolayer MoTe2(1−x)S2x alloys are elucidated as affected by tiny formation energy (ΔE) by the chemical composition of S/Te atoms triggered. As‐grown enriched nanoscale mix‐phase (2H/1T') of monolayer MoTe2(1−x)S2x alloys devices exhibit typical n‐type conductivity properties. More interestingly, the devices show an extended photo‐response range from 532 to 1550 nm with reduced dark current to 10−10 A at 100 mV bias voltage. This work demonstrates that coherent atomic structure of enriched nanoscale mix‐phase (2H/1T′) monolayer TMDs alloys can be an alternative approach to obviously extend photo‐response wavelength range without increasing dark current for room temperature broadband photodetection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with polyneuropathies typically have demyelination and/or axonal degeneration in peripheral nerves. Currently, there is a lack of imaging biomarkers to track the changes in these pathologies. Purpose: To develop and evaluate the reliability of a multiparametric quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) method of peripheral nerves in the leg. Study Type: Prospective. Subjects: Seventeen healthy volunteers (36.2 ± 13.8 years old, 9 males) with 10 of them scanned twice for test–retest. Field Strength/Sequence: 3 T, three‐dimensional gradient echo and diffusion tensor imaging. Assessment: A qMRI protocol and processing pipeline was established for quantifying the following nerve parameters that are sensitive to myelin and axonal pathologies: magnetization transfer (MT) ratio (MTR), MT saturation index (MTsat), T2*, T1, proton density (PD), fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean/axial/radial diffusivities (MD, AD, and RD). The qMRI protocol also measures the volume of nerve fascicles (fVOL) and the fat fraction (FF) of muscles. Statistical Tests: The intersession reproducibility and inter‐rater reliability of each qMRI parameter were assessed by Bland–Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Pairwise Pearson correlation analyses were performed to investigate the intrinsic association between qMRI parameters. Distal‐to‐proximal variations were evaluated by paired t‐tests with Bonferroni‐Holm multiple comparison corrections. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The MTR, MTsat, T2*, T1, PD, FA, AD, and fVOL of the sciatic and tibial nerves, and the FF of leg muscles, had an overall good‐to‐excellent test–retest agreement (ICC varying from 0.78 to 0.99). All the qMRI parameters had good‐to‐excellent inter‐rater reliability (ICC > 0.80). The data demonstrated a pattern of distal‐to‐proximal changes of an increased nerve MTsat and FA, and a decreased nerve T1, PD, MD, and RD, as well as a significantly increased muscle FF. Data Conclusion: The proposed multiparametric qMRI method of the peripheral nerves is highly reproducible and provided healthy control data which will be used in developing monitoring biomarkers in patients with polyneuropathies. Level of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Arabidopsis RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8.1 (RPW8.1) is an important tool for engineering broad‐spectrum disease resistance against multiple pathogens. Ectopic expression of RPW8.1 leads to enhanced disease resistance with cell death at leaves and compromised plant growth, implying a regulatory mechanism balancing RPW8.1‐mediated resistance and growth. Here, we show that RPW8.1 constitutively enhances the expression of transcription factor WRKY51 and activates salicylic acid and ethylene signalling pathways; WRKY51 in turn suppresses RPW8.1 expression, forming a feedback regulation loop. RPW8.1 and WRKY51 are both induced by pathogen infection and pathogen−/microbe‐associated molecular patterns. In ectopic expression of RPW8.1 background (R1Y4), overexpression of WRKY51 not only rescues the growth suppression and cell death caused by RPW8.1, but also suppresses RPW8.1‐mediated broad‐spectrum disease resistance and pattern‐triggered immunity. Mechanistically, WRKY51 directly binds to and represses RPW8.1 promoter, thus limiting the expression amplitude of RPW8.1. Moreover, WRKY6, WRKY28 and WRKY41 play a role redundant to WRKY51 in the suppression of RPW8.1 expression and are constitutively upregulated in R1Y4 plants with WRKY51 being knocked out (wrky51 R1Y4) plants. Notably, WRKY51 has no significant effects on disease resistance or plant growth in wild type without RPW8.1, indicating a specific role in RPW8.1‐mediated disease resistance. Altogether, our results reveal a regulatory circuit controlling the accumulation of RPW8.1 to an appropriate level to precisely balance growth and disease resistance during pathogen invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The explosive growth of biomedical Big Data presents both significant opportunities and challenges in the realm of knowledge discovery and translational applications within precision medicine. Efficient management, analysis, and interpretation of big data can pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in precision medicine. However, the unprecedented strides in the automated collection of large‐scale molecular and clinical data have also introduced formidable challenges in terms of data analysis and interpretation, necessitating the development of novel computational approaches. Some potential challenges include the curse of dimensionality, data heterogeneity, missing data, class imbalance, and scalability issues. This overview article focuses on the recent progress and breakthroughs in the application of big data within precision medicine. Key aspects are summarized, including content, data sources, technologies, tools, challenges, and existing gaps. Nine fields—Datawarehouse and data management, electronic medical record, biomedical imaging informatics, Artificial intelligence‐aided surgical design and surgery optimization, omics data, health monitoring data, knowledge graph, public health informatics, and security and privacy—are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To examine the prospective association between fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the modifying effect of overweight/obesity for this association. Methods: Serum FGF21 levels were measured at 6–15 weeks of gestation among 332 GDM cases and 664 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate its association with GDM risk. Interaction analyses on multiplicative and additive scales were conducted to investigate the modifying effect of overweight/obesity. Results: Elevated FGF21 levels were associated with a higher risk of GDM in multivariable models, but the positive association was attenuated after further adjustment for pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI). A significant multiplicative interaction was noted between FGF21 (both continuous and dichotomous) and pre‐pregnancy BMI (p for interaction = 0.049 and 0.03), and the association was only significant in participants with pre‐pregnancy BMI ≥24 kg/m2. When participants were grouped based on pre‐pregnancy BMI (≥24 and <24 kg/m2) and FGF21 levels (≥median and

Female insects oviposit in sites suitable for the development of their offspring. The Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata is a serious pest of various crops including wheat and prefers to oviposit on withered leaves rather than on fresh plant material, which is surprisingly different from other insects. Studies here showed that this oviposition tactic enables avoidance of wheat defence against eggs and emerged larvae. Intact plants responded to M. separata egg deposition by releasing oviposition‐induced plant volatiles including acetophenone, tetradecene and pentadecane after 24 h. Acetophenone was identified as quantitatively accounting for the attraction of the egg parasitoid wasp (Trichogramma chilonis). Leaf jasmonic acid levels significantly increased after M. separata laid eggs, and primed the plant against emerging larvae. In addition, newly emerged M. separata larvae adopted a fast crawling behaviour and starvation tolerance compared with other noctuid larvae, which enhanced the survival of larvae on the withered leaves. The elucidation of this complex and surprising plant‐insect interaction provides the first explanation for a herbivore laying eggs on withered leaves to avoid natural enemies and live‐plant defence against emerging larvae. Summary statement: Mythimna separata prefers to lay eggs on withered leaves. The result showed that this behaviour avoids plant defence against eggs and the emerged larvae. Ovipositioninduced plant volatiles, especially acetophenone, strongly attracted the egg parasitic wasps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Acute kidney injury is a severe disease that is closely associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The most common cause of AKI is renal ischemia–reperfusion injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have previously been shown to have renoprotective effects. However, extracellular vesicles secreted by MSCs are thought to be the key for the therapeutic effects of MSCs. This study investigated whether small EVs derived from ACE2‐modified human umbilical cord MSCs could alleviate RIRI and explored their underlying molecular mechanisms Methods: A lentivirus carrying an ACE2 overexpression vector was constructed and used to infect MSCs. The small EVs were isolated from MSC‐conditioned medium by ultracentrifugation. HK‐2 cells were cocultured with MSC‐ACE2‐EVs and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. MSCs‐ACE2‐EVs were injected into RIRI mice. Biochemical and morphological characteristics were assessed, and the levels of inflammatory‐related factors, oxidative stress products, and apoptosis in HK‐2 cells and kidney tissues were assessed Results: In vitro, MSC‐ACE2‐EVs had stronger anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and antiapoptotic effects in HK‐2 cells subjected to H/R than MSC‐NC‐EVs. In vivo, MSC‐ACE2‐EVs could target the injured kidney, reduce blood creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, and protect the kidney from I/R, and this effect may have been related to the activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway Conclusion: Taken together, our results demonstrated the anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and antiapoptotic effects of MSC‐ACE2‐EVs, which protected against I/R injury in vitro and vivo. MSC‐ACE2‐EVs may be therapeutic agents for RIRI [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Supporting food security while maintaining ecosystem sustainability is one of the most important global challenges for humanity. Optimization of cropping systems is expected to promote the ecosystem services of agroecosystems. Yet, how and why cropping system influences the trade‐offs between economic profitability and multiple ecosystem services remain poorly understood.We investigate the influence of six cropping systems on trade‐offs between economic profitability and multiple ecosystem services after considering 36 agricultural ecosystem properties using field experiment data from 2020 to 2022.We show that designing cropping system is a critical tool to closing the gap between ecosystem sustainability and commercial profitability. Cropping system with three harvests within 2 yr had higher performance in overall ecosystem multiple services through enhancement of supporting, regulating, and economic performance without compromising provisioning compared with four other systems. These systems diminished the trade‐off among multiple services, resulting in a 'win‐win' situation for economics and multiple services. By contrast, the monoculture and double cropping systems lead to a strong trade‐off between pairwise services including ecosystem health and profitability.Our work illustrates the substantial potential of rotation systems with three harvests within 2 yr in enforcing ecosystem services and closing the trade‐offs among multiple agricultural ecosystem services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The summer precipitation in Northeast China (NEC) can usually be divided into two stages, namely the Northeast China cold vortex (NECV) influencing stage in early summer (May–June) and the monsoon influencing stage in midsummer (July–August). In this study, the influence of NECV on the precipitation at multi‐timescales during different summer periods is studied. The results show that even in midsummer, though the effect of the western Pacific subtropical high is strengthened, the NECV still has the major impact on the precipitation over NEC. High co‐variability could be found between the daily precipitation and the NECV index in each month. The running correlation with an 11‐day window between precipitation and the NECV index also proves that the NECV has large impact on the precipitation over NEC during the whole summer. Key linkage of NECVs and the precipitation in midsummer can still be detected in synoptic extreme rainfall events. The composite analysis shows that, for the heavy rainfall extremes in NEC, the dominant circulation is an obvious 'negative–positive–negative' vorticity pattern at high latitudes of Asia. The positive vorticity in the pattern corresponds to stronger and more active NECV. That means the NECV is still the most critical factor affecting the NEC precipitation in midsummer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Replacing synthetic fertilizer by organic manure has been shown to reduce emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), but the specific roles of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms and gross nitrogen (N) transformation in regulating N2O remain unclear. Here, we examined the effect of completely replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure on N2O emissions, ammonia oxidizers, gross N transformation rates using a 13‐year field manipulation experiment. Our results showed that organic manure reduced cumulative N2O emissions by 16.3%–210.3% compared to chemical fertilizer. The abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was significantly lower in organic manure compared with chemical fertilizer during three growth stages of maize. Organic manure also significantly decreased AOB alpha diversity and changed their community structure. However, organic manure substitution increased the abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea and the alpha diversity of comammox Nitrospira compared to chemical fertilizer. Interestingly, organic manure decreased organic N mineralization by 23.2%–32.9%, and autotrophic nitrification rate by 10.5%–45.4%, when compared with chemical fertilizer. This study also found a positive correlation between AOB abundance, organic N mineralization and gross autotrophic nitrification rate with N2O emission, and their contribution to N2O emission was supported by random forest analysis. Our study highlights the key roles of ammonia oxidizers and N transformation rates in predicting cropland N2O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The combination of radiomics and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may have potential clinical value in the early stage of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Purpose: To investigate the value of DTI‐based radiomics in the early stage of HAND in people living with HIV (PLWH). Study Type: Retrospective. Population: A total of 138 male PLWH were included, including 68 with intact cognition (IC) and 70 with asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI). Seventy healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis. All PLWHs were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts at a 7:3 ratio. Field Strength/Sequence: A 3 T, single‐shot spin–echo echo planar imaging (EPI). Assessment: The differences between the PLWH groups were compared using TBSS and region of interest (ROI) analysis. Radiomic features were extracted from the corpus callosum (CC) on DTI postprocessed images, including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD). The performance of the radiomic signatures was evaluated by ROC curve analysis. The radiomic signature with the highest area under the curve (AUC) was combined with clinical characteristics to construct a nomogram. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate the ability of different methods in discriminating ANI. Statistical Tests: Chi‐square test, independent‐samples t test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U test, threshold‐free cluster enhancement (TFCE), ROC curve analysis, DCA, multivariate logistic regression analysis, Hosmer–Lemeshow test. P < 0.05 with TFCE corrected and P < 0.0001 without TFCE corrected were considered statistically significant. Results: The ANI group showed lower FA and higher AD than the IC group. In the validation cohort, the AUCs of the FA‐, AD‐, MD‐ and RD‐based radiomic signatures and the clinicoradiomic nomogram were 0.829, 0.779, 0.790, 0.864, and 0.874, respectively. DCA revealed that the nomogram was of greater clinical value than TBSS analysis, the clinical models, and the RD‐based radiomic signature. Data Conclusion: The combination of DTI and radiomics is correlated with early stage of HAND in PLWH. Evidence Level: 3. Technical Efficacy: Stage 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the association of a combined healthy lifestyle in early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Design, setting and population: A Chinese prospective cohort study with 6980 pregnant women. Methods: Individual modifiable lifestyle factors were assessed in early pregnancy and a combined lifestyle score was derived from the sum of the lifestyle factors, with a higher score indicating a healthier lifestyle. The association of a combined healthy lifestyle with GDM risk was examined. Main outcome measures: Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in middle pregnancy according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group criteria or diagnoses in medical records. Results: Overall, 501 (7.2%) pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM. Being physically active (total energy expenditure in upper three quintiles, i.e. ≥100.1 metabolic equivalent of task [MET]‐hours/week; odds ratio [OR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63–0.92), healthy diet (total intake of vegetables and fruits ≥5 times/day; OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.94), sufficient sleep (night‐time sleep duration ≥7 hours/night; OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.48–0.90) and healthy weight (early‐pregnancy BMI <24.0 kg/m2; OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.46–0.71) were associated with lower GDM risk. The GDM risk decreased linearly across the combined lifestyle score (Ptrend <0.001): women with 2, 3 and 4 lifestyle factors compared with those with 0–1 factor had 38% (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46–0.84), 57% (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.31–0.58) and 66% (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.22–0.52) lower risks of GDM, respectively. Conclusion: A healthy lifestyle in early pregnancy was associated with a substantially lower GDM risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional connectivity (FC) derived from resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging has been widely applied to guide precise repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The left, right, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) have been used as rTMS treatment target regions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), albeit with moderate efficacy. Thus, we aimed to develop an individualized localization method for rTMS treatment of ASD. We included 266 male ASDs and 297 male typically‐developed controls (TDCs) from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange Dataset. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) was regarded as a promising effective region, which was used as a seed and individualized peak FC strength in the DLPFC was compared between ASD and TDC. Correlation analysis was conducted between individualized peak FC strength and symptoms in ASD. We also investigated the spatial distribution of individualized peak FC locations in the DLPFC and conducted voxel‐wise analysis to compare NAc‐based FC between the two groups. ASD showed stronger peak FC in the right DLPFC related to TDC (Cohen's d = −.19, 95% CI: −0.36 to −0.03, t = −2.30, p =.02). Moreover, negative correlation was found between the peak FC strength in the right DLPFC and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) scores, which assessed both the social communication and interaction (r = −.147, p =.04, uncorrected significant), and stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests (r = −.198, p =.02, corrected significant). Peak FC locations varied substantially across participants. No significant differences in NAc‐based FC in the DLPFC were found in the voxel‐wise comparison. Our study supports the use of individualized peak FC‐guided precise rTMS treatment of male ASD. Moreover, stimulating the right DLPFC might alleviate core symptoms of ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometrial carcinoma (ECa) is the fourth most common cancer among women. The oncogene PELP1 is frequently overexpressed in a variety of cancers, including ECa. We recently generated SMIP34, a small‐molecule inhibitor of PELP1 that suppresses PELP1 oncogenic signaling. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of SMIP34 in treating ECa. Treatment of established and primary patient‐derived ECa cells with SMIP34 resulted in a significant reduction of cell viability, colony formation ability, and induction of apoptosis. RNA‐seq analyses showed that SMIP34‐regulated genes were negatively correlated with ribosome biogenesis and eukaryotic translation pathways. Mechanistic studies showed that the Rix complex, which is essential for ribosomal biogenesis, is disrupted upon SMIP34 binding to PELP1. Biochemical assays confirmed that SMIP34 reduced ribosomal biogenesis and new protein synthesis. Further, SMIP34 enhanced the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in reducing viability of ECa cells. SMIP34 is also effective in reducing cell viability in ECa organoids in vitro and explants ex vivo. Importantly, SMIP34 treatment resulted in a significant reduction of the growth of ECa xenografts. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of SMIP34 in treating ECa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study created a comprehensive Country Diversity Score (CDS) index to measure the degree of journal internationality from a diversity perspective, based on publishing authors' affiliation countries. It calculates CDS values and analyses their distribution across countries, publication languages, disciplines, subjects, and journal impact factor (JIF) quartiles for 11,481 journals, and addresses the correlation between CDS and JIF. Empirical studies indicate that journals with authors evenly distributed across more countries are more likely to obtain a higher CDS value. English publications have a relatively high CDS worldwide, and the non‐English publications of a country have a lower CDS than its English‐language publications. In addition, this study found a positive correlation between journal internationality and JIF in terms of the geographical distribution of publishing authors. Implications and recommendations for improving geographical authorship diversity, particularly in the context of internationalization, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure, elastic properties, and thermodynamic properties of cubic boron arsenide (c‐BAs) under high temperature and high pressure are studied based on first‐principles calculations. The obtained equilibrium structure and mechanical properties are in good agreement with other theoretical results. First, the phonon dispersion spectra at zero pressure and high pressure are calculated. The results show that c‐BAs is dynamically stable under pressure of 0–110 GPa. Second, the lattice constants, elastic constants, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, B/G, sound velocity, and Debye temperature of c‐BAs under zero pressure and high pressure are calculated. c‐BAs are predicted to be unstable above 112.3 GPa in accordance with the elastic stability criterion. Furthermore, it is indicated by the calculated B/G ratio that c‐BAs is brittle at zero GPa and begins to tend to be ductile as pressure rises to 46.4 GPa. The calculated elastic anisotropy coefficients indicate that c‐BAs has elastic anisotropy. The thermodynamic properties of c‐BAs are investigated at high temperatures and pressures by combining generalized density function theory and the quasiharmonic Debye model. It is suggested by the calculated elastic and thermodynamic properties that c‐BAs can be used as candidate structures for the fabrication of efficient solar cells and thermoelectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]