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Excessive emissions of heavy metals not only cause environmental pollution but also pose a direct threat to human health. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection of heavy metals in the environment is of great significance. Herein, we propose a method based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with filter paper modified with bovine serum albumin-protected gold nanoclusters (LIBS-FP-AuNCs) for the rapid and sensitive detection of Cr 3+ and Mn 2+ . The filter paper modified with AuNCs was used to selectively enrich Cr 3+ and Mn 2+ . Combined with the multi-element detection capability of LIBS, this method achieved the simultaneous rapid detection of Cr 3+ and Mn 2+ . Both elements showed linear ranges for concentrations of 10-1000 μg L -1 , with limits of detection of 7.5 and 9.0 μg L -1 for Cr 3+ and Mn 2+ , respectively. This method was successfully applied to the determination of Cr 3+ and Mn 2+ in real water samples, with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 94.6% to 105.1%. This method has potential application in the analysis of heavy metal pollution.

This work presents the results of paper laser processing. It begins with the selection and examination of the processing parameters, then an examination of the properties of the modified papers and examples of applications of the developed modification method. The properties of laser-modified paper were studied using reflectance spectrophotometry to examine the colour aspects of the modified papers, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy for a morphological analysis, and Raman spectroscopy to analyse the papers under the influence of laser light. The influence of laser processing on the wettability of paper and the evenness of unprinted and printed paper was also investigated. The knowledge gained on paper surface modification with laser light was used to propose several applications, such as methods of marking, tactile detection, the controlled removal of optical brightener, ink, and metallised coatings from paper packaging, highlighting the design and aesthetics of paper. The developed laser-assisted method shows a promising, ecological approach to the design of many value-added paper products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This bibliometric study analyzed the 100 most-cited papers about the use of lasers and their modalities in dentistry. A search strategy was created using specific keywords related to the topic. A comprehensive search was then conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS-CC) database up to July 2021. Papers that addressed the application of any type of laser and its modalities in dentistry were included. Each paper was cross-matched with the number of citations on Scopus and Google Scholar. The following data were extracted from papers: title, number of citations, authorship, country, year of publication, journal, study design, subject, laser type, and oral health outcomes. The VOSviewer software was used to generate bibliometric networks. The total number of citations ranged from 120 to 4,124 and 23 papers received more than 200 citations. Papers were published from 1964 to 2015. Most papers were from Europe (42%) and Anglo-Saxon America (27%). The USA was the country with more top 100 papers (25%). Papers were published mainly in Lasers in Surgery and Medicine (15%) and Lasers in Medical Science (7%). VOSviewer maps demonstrated the existence of national and international research collaborations among institutions and authors. Most studies had a laboratory design (57%) and were about restorative dentistry (32%) and periodontics (21%). This bibliometric study of the top 100 most-cited papers on lasers in dentistry allowed a quantitative and qualitative analysis of this very promising research field, revealing a net of collaboration and the importance of this topic in dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunoassay is one of the most important clinical techniques for disease/pathological diagnosis. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been a popular and powerful readout technique for immunoassays, generating the mass spectrometric immunoassays (MSIAs) with unbeatable channels for multiplexed detection. The sensitivity of MSIAs has been greatly improved with the development of mass labels from element labels to small-molecular labels. MSIAs are also expended from the representative element MS-based methods to the laser-based organic MS and latest ambient MS, improving in both technology and methodology. Various MSIAs present high potential for clinical applications, including the biomarker screening, the immunohistochemistry, and the advanced single-cell analysis. Here, we give an overall review of the development of MSIAs in recent years, highlighting the latest improvement of mass labels and MS techniques for clinical immunoassays., (© 2022. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

In this work we suggest a novel paradigm of social laser (solaser), which can explain such Internet inspired social phenomena as echo chambers, reinforcement and growth of information cascades, enhancement of social actions under strong mass media operation. The solaser is based on a well-known in quantum physics laser model of coherent amplification of the optical field. Social networks are at the core of the solaser model; we define them by means of a network model possessing power-law degree distribution. In the solaser the network environment plays the same role as the gain medium has in a physical laser device. We consider social atoms as decision making agents (humans or even chat bots), which possess two (mental) states and occupy the nodes of a network. The solaser establishes communication between the agents as absorption and spontaneous or stimulated emission of socially actual information within echo chambers, which mimic an optical resonator of a convenient (physical) laser. We have demonstrated that social lasing represents the second order nonequilibrium phase transition, which evokes the release of coherent socially stimulated information field represented with the order parameter. The solaser implies the formation of macroscopic social polarization and results in a huge social impact, which is realized by viral information cascades occurring in the presence of population imbalance (social bias). We have shown that decision making agents follow an adiabatically time dependent mass media pump, which acts in the network community reproducing various reliable scenarios for information cascade evolution. We have also shown that in contrast to physical lasers, due to node degree peculiarities, the coupling strength of decision making agents with the network may be enhanced [Formula: see text] times. It leads to a large increase of speed, at which a viral message spreads through a social media. In this case, the mass media pump supports additional reinforcement and acceleration of cascade growth. We have revealed that the solaser model in some approximations possesses clear links with familiar Ising and SIS (susceptible-infected-susceptible) models typically used for evaluating a social impact and information growth, respectively. However, the solaser paradigm can serve as a new platform for modelling temporal social events, which originate from "microscopic" (quantum-like) processes occurring in the society. Our findings open new perspectives for interdisciplinary studies of distributed intelligence agents behavior associated with information exchange and social impact., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

An ultrafast and efficient strategy is developed to produce homogeneous GQDs through instantaneous photothermal gasification and recrystallization, revealing the promising potential for large-scale production. [Display omitted] Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are attractive fluorescent nanoparticles that have wide applicability, are inexpensive, nontoxic, photostable, water-dispersible, biocompatible and environmental-friendly. Various strategies for the synthesis of GQDs have been reported. However, simple and efficient methods of producing GQDs with control over the size of the GQDs, and hence their optical properties, are sorely needed. Herein, an ultra-fast and efficient laser writing technique is presented as a means to produce GQDs with homogeneous size from graphene produced by the instantaneous photothermal gasification and recrystallization mechanism. Controlling the laser scan speed and output power, the yield of GQDs can reach to be about 31.458 mg/s, which shows promising potential for large-scale production. The entire process eliminates the need for chemical solvents or any other reagents. Notably, the prepared laser writing produced GQDs (LWP-GQDs) exhibit blue fluorescence under UV irradiation of 365 nm and the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates is measured at (0.1721, 0.123). Overall, this method exhibits superior advantages over the complex procedures and low yields required by other existing methods, and thus has great potential for the commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the world of terahertz bands, terahertz beam deflection has gradually attracted substantial attention, due to its great significance in wireless communications, high-resolution imaging and radar applications. In this paper, a low-reflection and fast-fabricated terahertz beam deflection device has been realized by utilizing graphene oxide paper. Using laser direct writing technology, graphene oxide has been patterned as a specific sample. The thickness of the graphene oxide-based terahertz devices is around 15–20 μm, and the processing takes only a few seconds. The experimental results show that the beam from this device can achieve 5.7° and 10.2° deflection at 340 GHz, while the reflection is 10%, which is only 1/5 of that of existing conventional devices. The proposed device with excellent performance can be quickly manufactured and applied in the fields of terahertz imaging, communication, and perception, enabling the application of terahertz technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, fabrication of frequency selective surface filters by coating paper with silver ink and subsequent laser etching the frequency filter pattern has been investigated. Three filter structures consisting of a combination of square and ring patches operating at 102, 113, and 126 GHz and with corresponding signal attenuation of −15.2, −15.4, and −14.5 dB were fabricated and simulated; −5 dB bandwidths were following, 93.3–112.2 GHz, 101.9–121.1 GHz, and 112.7–132.3, respectively. Also, the proposed screen printing with assistive laser etching could be used to reduce the number of used screens. Furthermore, paper based fabrication using a biodegradable ink could be an alternative fabrication process in future electronic manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the adoption of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the analysis of lateral-flow immunoassays (LFIAs). Gold (Au) nanoparticles are standard biomolecular labels among LFIAs, typically detected via colorimetric means. A wide diversity of lanthanide-complexed polymers (LCPs) are also used as immunoassay labels but are inapt for LFIAs due to lab-bound detection instrumentation. This is the first study to show the capability of LIBS to transition LCPs into the realm of LFIAs, and one of the few to apply LIBS to biomolecular label detection in complete immunoassays. Initially, an in-house LIBS system was optimized to detect an Au standard through a process of line selection across acquisition delay times, followed by determining limit of detection (LOD). The optimized LIBS system was applied to Au-labeled Escherichia coli detection on a commercial LFIA; comparison with colorimetric detection yielded similar LODs (1.03E4 and 8.890E3 CFU/mL respectively). Optimization was repeated with lanthanide standards to determine if they were viable alternatives to Au labels. It was found that europium (Eu) and ytterbium (Yb) may be more favorable biomolecular labels than Au. To test whether Eu-complexed polymers conjugated to antibodies could be used as labels in LFIAs, the conjugates were successfully applied to E. coli detection in a modified commercial LFIA. The results suggest interesting opportunities for creating highly multiplexed LFIAs. Multiplexed, sensitive, portable, and rapid LIBS detection of biomolecules concentrated and labeled on LFIAs is highly relevant for applications like food safety, where in-field food contaminant detection is critical. Graphical abstract.

Abstract: In this study, we demonstrate up to 30% increase in power density of carbon paper electrodes for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) by introducing perforations into the structure of electrodes. A CO2 laser was used to generate holes ranging from 171 to 421 μm diameter, and hole densities from 96.8 to 649.8 holes cm−2. Perforation of the carbon paper electrodes was observed to improve cell performance in the activation region due to thermal treatment of the area around the perforations. Results also demonstrate improved mass transport, resulting in enhanced peak power and limiting current density. However, excessive perforation of the electrode yielded a decrease in performance due to reduced available surface area. A 30% increase in peak power density (478 mW cm−2) was observed for the laser perforated electrode with 234 μm diameter holes and 352.8 holes cm−2 (1764 holes per 5 cm2 electrode), despite a 15% decrease in total surface area compared to the raw un-perforated electrode. Additionally, the effect of perforation on VRFB performance was studied at different flow rates (up to 120 mL min−1) for the optimized electrode architecture. A maximum power density of 543 mW cm−2 was achieved at 120 mL min−1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In a long-distance wireless power transmission system with a non-uniform distribution of laser irradiation, it will significantly reduce the output power of the photovoltaic array, resulting in a large amount of power loss in the system and a decrease in conversion efficiency. This paper proposes an efficient and reliable optimal circuit connection algorithm for the 5 × 5 scale photovoltaic array. Under the laser illumination of 300 W, a 20 m wireless power transmission experiment was performed on four 5 × 5 scale photovoltaic arrays. The results show a 56.49% increase in the maximum output power of the 5 × 5 scale photovoltaic array. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The graphene paper microsieves can be applied in the filtration of biological fluids or separation of solid particles from exploitation fluids. To produce graphene paper microsieves for specific applications, good control over fabrication should be achieved. In this study, a laser ablation method using a picosecond laser was applied to fabricate graphene paper microsieves. Holes in the microsieves were drilled using pulsed laser radiation with a pulse energy from 5 to 100 µJ, a duration of 60 ps, a wavelength of 355 nm, and a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The impact method was applied using 10 to 100 pulses to drill one hole. To produce holes of a proper diameter which could separate biological particles of a certain size (≥10 µm), optimum parameters of graphene paper laser ablation were defined using the MATLAB software taking into account laser pulse energy, repetition rate, and a desired hole diameter. A series of structural tests were carried out to determine the quality of an edge and a hole shape. Experimental results and Laguerre–Gauss calculations in MATLAB were then compared to perform the analysis of the distribution of diffraction fringes. Optimum experimental parameters were determined for which good susceptibility of the graphene paper to laser processing was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the growth of transverse-longitudinal coupled electromagnetic modes in the interaction of high-intensity lasers with dense plasma investigated. Using kinetic theory and solving the scattering relationship for the Vlasov-Maxwell system, the collision effects on the growth of the electromagnetic mode are studied. The anisotropic distribution function considers the effects of body stress due to laser ponderomotive force and plasma density gradient. The results show that a 99% reduction in frequency in the beam path in dense plasma leads to an 88% increase in unstable modes’ growth rate. Increasing the density prevents immediate cessation and enhances the growth of unstable modes. Increasing the density gradient by 99%, the instability rate maximum will increase by 88%. Overall, this paper provides insights into the effects of collision and anisotropic distribution function on the growth of transverse-longitudinal coupled electromagnetic modes in dense plasma. Overall, this paper provides insights into the interplay between various phenomena such as body stress, collision, and electromagnetic modes in dense plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pavement adhesion plays a crucial role in driving safety, while traditional test methods exhibit some limitations. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of asphalt pavement texture characterization and adhesion assessments, this paper uses three-dimensional (3D) laser technology to detect the continuous point cloud data of road surface and reconstruct the 3D topography of pavement texture. On this basis, a volume parameter Volume of peak materials (Vmp) is innovatively proposed to comprehensively characterize the 3D spatial characteristics of road surface texture. The correlation analysis between the proposed Vmp and the traditional adhesion evaluation index Transversal Adhesion Coefficient (CAT) is conducted, and then refined graded adhesion prediction models based on the proposed Vmp are proposed. Results show that the proposed volume parameter Vmp can reliably and accurately characterize the asphalt pavement texture by considering more structural properties of the road surface texture. According to the research findings of this paper, it is feasible to achieve rapid and correct assessment of asphalt pavement adhesion using 3D laser detection technology by comprehensively considering the 3D characteristics of the road surface texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces an autonomous robot designed for in-pipe structural health monitoring of oil/gas pipelines. This system employs a 3D Optical Laser Scanning Technical Vision System (TVS) to continuously scan the internal surface of the pipeline. This paper elaborates on the mathematical methodology of 3D laser surface scanning based on dynamic triangulation. This paper presents the mathematical framework governing the combined kinematics of the Mobile Robot (MR) and TVS. It discusses the custom design of the MR, adjusting it to use of robustized mathematics, and incorporating a laser scanner produced using a 3D printer. Both experimental and theoretical approaches are utilized to illustrate the formation of point clouds during surface scanning. This paper details the application of the simple and robust mathematical algorithm RANSAC for the preliminary processing of the measured point clouds. Furthermore, it contributes two distinct and simplified criteria for detecting defects in pipelines, specifically tailored for computer processing. In conclusion, this paper assesses the effectiveness of the proposed mathematical and physical method through experimental tests conducted under varying light conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Receiving inspection plays a crucial role in ensuring construction quality after the completion of engineering projects. Traditional inspection measurement methods, such as manual observation means and optical equipment measurement methods, have limitations in terms of the number of measurement sites and the range of measurements. These traditional methods fail to provide accurate curve parameters and continuous spatial morphology information for large-span curved bridge structures. This paper proposes a reverse model measurement method to address this issue. The reverse model is built based on point cloud data acquired by 3D laser scanning technology. Finally, take the Taizicheng No. 1 Bridge as an example, the validity of the proposed method is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the following paper, the numerical analysis of thermal processes occurring in biological tissue with uncertain parameters is presented. The heat transfer model is based on the Pennes equation, where interval heat sources are introduced. The model is assumed to be transient and one-dimensional. Additionally, analysed tissue is exposed to laser irradiation, and the internal heat sources resulting from laser irradiation based on the Beer law are taken into account. Moreover, the perfusion rate and the effective scattering coefficient are treated as variables dependent on tissue damage. For numerical calculations, the interval version of the Finite Pointset Method has been used. All calculations are performed due to the direct interval arithmetic rules. The paper is concluded by presenting the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the laser flash method, the selection of experimental parameters on the accuracy of measurement results for measuring thermal diffusivity is investigated in this paper. High purity graphite is employed as the experimental material. Three experimental parameters are taken into consideration, including specimen thickness, laser pulse power, and laser pulse width. Firstly, the principle of the laser flash method is introduced. Then, a numerical simulation model is established and independence tests are performed. In order to investigate the impact of different experimental parameters to the precision of the measurement results using the laser flash method, six thicknesses of the specimens, five laser pulse powers, and five laser pulse widths are selected for numerical simulation and LFA 427 measurement experiments. Finally, an orthogonal design method with three-factor and three-level is constructed to investigate the influence degree of these three factors on the measurement results. It is found that the laser pulse width has the most significant influence, while the laser pulse power has the least impact. For high purity graphite specimens, it is required to choose a thicker specimen, a lower laser pulse power, and a smaller laser pulse width to ensure better measurement accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes and discusses the results of scientific experiences of the physical and mechanical methods used to control and inhibit the growth of lichens and biofilms that grow on indoor and outdoor historical stone artworks. It provides an extensive selection and examination of international papers published in the last two decades on the issue. The great advantage of physical and mechanical methods lies in the lack of potential risks associated with the irreversible application of microbicides. Indeed, they do not introduce any harmful chemicals to humans, to the environment, or to heritage objects. This review focuses on the application of (i) electromagnetic radiation, (ii) high temperatures, (iii) lasers, and (iv) mechanical tools, and includes the main achievements, limitations, and potential applications of the examined studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of laser surface engineering in the field of tribology, which focuses on friction, wear, and lubrication between surfaces in motion. It introduces a special issue on laser surface engineering for tribology, which includes thirteen papers covering topics such as laser cladding, surface texturing, and additive manufacturing. Each paper explores different aspects of laser surface engineering and offers insights for future research and development in the field. The article discusses various research contributions, including the impact of preheating temperatures on laser-clad coatings, the use of laser-assisted surface texturing to reduce friction and wear, and the proposal of a nitride layer to resist tribocorrosion. The findings contribute to improving the wear and corrosion resistance of materials through laser surface engineering. The article concludes by suggesting future research directions and emphasizing the importance of tailoring laser surface engineering approaches to meet industry-specific requirements. [Extracted from the article]

Proper customization in size and shape is essential in implantable bioelectronics for stable bio-signal recording. Over the past decades, many researchers have heavily relied on conventional photolithography processes to fabricate implantable bioelectronics. Therefore, they could not avoid the critical limitation of high cost and complex processing steps to optimize bioelectronic devices for target organs with various sizes and shapes. Here, we propose rapid prototyping using all laser processes to fabricate customized bioelectronics. PEDOT:PSS is selectively irradiated by an ultraviolet (UV) pulse laser to form wet-stable conductive hydrogels that can softly interact with biological tissues (50 μm line width). The encapsulation layer is selectively patterned using the same laser source by UV-curing polymer networks (110 μm line width). For high stretchability (over 100%), mesh structures are made by the selective laser cutting process. Our rapid prototyping strategy minimizes the use of high-cost equipment, using only a single UV laser source to process the electrodes, encapsulation, and substrates that constitute bioelectronics without a photomask, enabling the prototyping stretchable microelectrode array with an area of 1 cm 2 less than 10 min. We fabricated an optimized stretchable microelectrode array with low impedances (∼1.1 kΩ at 1 kHz) that can effectively record rat's cardiac signals with various health states., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Polyamide 12 (PA12) is vastly utilized in many additive manufacturing methods, such as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and a better understanding of its mechanical behaviors promotes available knowledge on the behaviors of 3D-printed parts made from this polymer. In this paper, SLS-produced standard tensile specimens are studied under monotonic and cyclic tension tests, as well as stress relaxation experiments, and the obtained force-displacement responses are shown to be consistent with a hyper-viscoelastic material model. This finding is also observed in typical pantographic structures produced by the same manufacturing parameters. To propose a constitutive model for predicting these behaviors, the convolution integral of a strain-dependent function and a time-dependent function is developed where the material parameters are determined with the use of both short-term and long-term responses of the specimens. Numerical results of the presented model for standard test specimens are shown to be in good agreements with the experimental ones under various loading conditions. To prove the capabilities of the proposed model in studying any SLS-produced part, finite element implementation of the constitutive equations is shown to provide numerical results in agreement with the empirical findings for tensile loading of the 3D-printed pantographic structure., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Kadkhodaei et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), commonly employed for early diagnosis of liver cancer, serves as a biomarker for cancer screening and diagnosis. Combining the high sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence immunoassay (FIA), developing a low-cost and efficient immunoassay system for AFP detection holds significant importance in disease diagnosis. In this work, we developed a miniaturized oblique laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) immunoassay system, coupled with a microfluidic PMMA/paper hybrid chip, for rapid detection of AFP. The system employed an avalanche photodiode (APD) as the detector, and implemented multi-level filtering in the excitation light channel using the dichroic mirror and optical trap. At first, we employed the Savitzky-Golay filter and baseline off-set elimination methods to denoise and normalize the original data. Then the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter and the reverse voltage of the APD were optimized to enhance the detection sensitivity of the system. Furthermore, the effect of laser power on the fluorescence excitation efficiency was investigated, and the sampling time during the scanning process was optimized. Finally, a four-parameter logistic (4PL) model was utilized to establish the concentration-response equation for AFP. The system was capable of detecting concentrations of AFP standard solution within the range of 1-500 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.8 ng/mL. The entire immunoassay process could be completed within 15 min. It has an excellent potential for applications in low-cost portable diagnostic instruments for the rapid detection of biomarkers., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.)

Herein, we report a multifaceted nanoformulation, developed by binding thionine acetate (TA) in silica matrix to form TA loaded silica nanoparticles (STA Nps), which were characterized using various physicochemical techniques. STA NPs were spherical shaped having size 40-50 nm and exhibited good heating efficiency, improved photostability and singlet oxygen production rate than TA alone. In PDT experiment, the rate of degradation for ABDMA was enhanced from 0.1367 min -1 for TA alone to 0.1774 min -1 for STA Nps, depicting an increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability of STA Nps. Further, the cytotoxicity of STA Nps was investigated by carrying out the biophysical studies with Calf thymus DNA (Ct-DNA) and Human Serum Albumin (HSA). The results indicated that the binding of STA Nps to Ct-DNA causes alterations in the double helix structure of DNA and as a result, STA Nps can impart chemotherapeutic effects via targeting DNA. STA Nps showed good binding affinity with HSA without compromising the structure of HSA, which is important for STA Nps sustainable biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. Based on this study, it is suggested that because of the synergistic effect of chemo and phototherapy, STA Nps can be extensively utilized as potential candidates for treating cancer., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Macroscopic 3D graphene has become a significant topic for satisfying the continuously upgraded smart structures and devices. Compared with liquid assembling and catalytic templating methods, laser‐induced graphene (LIG) is showing facile and scalable advantages but still faces limited sizes and geometries by using template induction or on‐site lay‐up strategies. In this work, a new LIG protocol is developed for facile stacking and shaping 3D LIG macrostructures by laminating layers of LIG papers (LIGPs) with combined resin infiltration and hot pressing. Specifically, the constructed 3D LIGP composites (LIGP‐C) are compatible with large area, high thickness, and customizable flat or curved shapes. Additionally, systematic research is explored for investigating critical processing parameters on tuning its multifunctional properties. As the laminated layers are stacked from 1 to 10, it is discovered that piezoresistivity (i.e., gauge factor) of LIGP‐C dramatically reflects an ≈3900% improvement from 0.39 to 15.7 while mechanical and electrical properties maintain simultaneously at the highest levels, attributed to the formation of densely packed fusion layers. Along with excellent durability for resisting multiple harsh environments, a sensor‐array system with 5 × 5 LIGP‐C elements is finally demonstrated on fiber‐reinforced polymeric composites for accurate strain mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser scanning is a promising relatively new technology of land surveying and has different contributions to research areas and practical applications. We performed a review based on query terms in the Scopus database. We determined the number of papers where the laser scanning was the technique of the survey and refined the results with the aerial (ALS) and terrestrial (TLS) laser scanning methods, and the urban and vegetation searching terms. Results showed that geosciences had a 30-40% ratio within the scientific papers using LiDAR. TLS had larger relevance related to ALS considering the total number of research papers, urban application and vegetation analysis in urban environment. We analysed the current status of the technology and discussed the underlying possible causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 1083 nm laser, corresponding to a characteristic spectral line of 3He 23S1-23P, is the core light source for spin-exchange optical pumping-free technology, and thus has important developmental significance. In this paper, precise wavelength 1083.34 nm semiconductor lasers with 285 mW output power, −144.73 dBc/Hz RIN noise and 30.9952 kHz linewidth have been successfully achieved via reasonable chips design, high-quality epitaxial growth process and ultra-low reflectivity coating fabrication. All the results show the highest output power and ultra-narrow linewidth of the single-frequency 1083 nm DFB semiconductor laser achieved in this paper, which can fully satisfy the requirement of quantum magnetometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]