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Regarding its geographical location, West Sumatra is an area prone to earthquakes. The solution to this condition is by mitigating the effects through the construction of earthquake-resistant buildings. Earthquake-resistant buildings may be constructed by replacing polymeric materials with characteristics of light, durable and good flexibilities. One of which by replacing stone as common building structure with composite material. Composite wall panels that are expected to be utilized to construct a resistant building, are made by mixing polypropylene plastic waste with coconut fiber and primary sludge from paper mill waste. The mixing method was performed using an extruder (dry mixing with heat). Composition of coconut fiber, primary sludge, and paper mill waste were 20:20:60, respectively based on the previous study. Method for casting composite wall panels was performed using hot-press. The composite wall panels showed a flexural properties of 9.6 N/mm², modulus of elasticity of 2,640 N/mm², melt temperature at 161.21°C, combustion point at 463.55oC, decomposition point at 476.99°C, carbon residue of 15.1%, density of 1.093 g/cm³, thickness swelling of 0.104%, internal bond strength of 0.61 N/mm², a good morphochemical interaction and following EN 634-2-2007 standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Minangkabau community in West Sumatra employs a social system referred to as nagari. The term nagari should be defined to describe an administrative body that serves the lowest level of government bureaucratic duties in West Sumatra. The Dutch East Indies attempted to colonize Nagari, and as a result, the system of government encountered a number of transformations. The nagari faced different attitudes in each government regime during the independence era, which was similar to what occurred then. This research investigates Nagari’s dynamics and existence in state legal systems. This paper juxtaposes the official postures of different governments concerning the existence of Nagari. It is noteworthy that Nagari not only has at the grassroots level of governance but also functions as an institutionalization of the significance of interpersonal connections within the Minangkabau social order. This research utilizes an applied socio-legal methodology to examine the configuration of state law and its consequences for Nagari as a legal subject. The research findings indicate that Nagari, which represents the institutionalization of the Minangkabau social order, has undergone bureaucratization and instrumentalization since the colonial period. The bureaucratization of the Nagari has left a major trauma for Minangkabau political authority which is reflected in the structure and organization of the Nagari. The understanding of Nagari within the Minangkabau community has been impacted by the influence and dominance of governmental policies, resulting in challenges for rapid progress in reconstruction endeavors. The state must reduce domination and hegemony over the nagari in the process of establishing regulations governing the nagari. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Padang, the capital city of West Sumatra, is located in coastal areas and has a high level of tsunami disaster vulnerability (High-Risk Zone). Therefore, public buildings in Padang City must have certain technical engineering to reduce the risk of structural failure. One of the public buildings that need to be considered as an educational facility and vertical evacuation in Padang City is the Prayoga Foreign Language College (STBA) building. Based on the results of an evaluation conducted by the Andalas University assessment team, the Prayoga STBA building was designed without taking into account the tsunami loads. Therefore, it is necessary to re-analyze the building by taking into account the tsunami loads. In this study, the building was analyzed using ETABS v.18.1.1 software concerning current Indonesian building standards such as SNI 2847:2019 for building structural reinforced concrete requirements, SNI 1726:2019 for earthquake resistance building design, SNI 1727:2020 for minimum design load for buildings, and international standard of FEMA P646-2019 for tsunami loads calculation. The results of the analysis show that the building is able to withstand the earthquake load, but the capacity of the building is insufficient when the tsunami loads are applied to the structure. The beams and columns on the 1st and 2nd floors do not have strong enough capacity to resist the tsunami loads, so there is a possibility of structural failure. The effect of tsunami loads on the internal forces and other structural responses of the building is also discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a greater demand for a wider range of translation services that increasingly involve scientific, commercial, legal, or technical documents. Translation is no longer limited to literary works which have historically been the main focus of the translation industry in Indonesia. As it is believed that university is the best place for translator training (Bernardini, 2004; Maia, 2012), there have been attempts to put legal and economic translation into the curriculum with the premise that students should be exposed to different types of text to ensure that the materials used in translation classes are relevant to market needs (Kelly, 2000; Heidari and Mowlaie, 2016) However, translating business texts is quite challenging for students because it requires knowledge of text type and genre differences in the SL and TL, and the awareness of the relationship between context and register in terms of field, mode, and tenor are vital for the translator (Beeby, 2000). This paper discusses errors produced by Indonesian novice translators in translating terminology in business texts. The samples used in this study were produced by students at the English Department of Politeknik Negeri Padang in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The institution is a vocational college that trains students in practical competencies, including to work as professional translators. The aim of this paper is to identify the strategies used by students in solving translation problems in an effort to better understand the issues faced in the field of translation in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research goal was to analyze food industry waste in Padang City based on Food Recovery Hierarchy and 3R concept. Waste sampling refers to SNI 19-3964-1994 with 35 sampling points spread across 6 types of food industries. According to the sampling result which includes waste generation, composition, and characteristics, the management of the food industry in Padang City was studied based on the principles of Food Recovery Hierarchy and 3R Concept. The result of the study showed that waste generated is 27.44 tons/day or equivalent to 250.31 m3/day with the organic waste as the largest contributor having percentage of 85.06%. On the basis of the chemical and biological characteristics, such as water content, C/N ratio, and biodegradability fraction, the waste shows that the most compatible treatment for the waste is biological treatment with composting. First step in the principles of Food Recovery Hierarchy is applying the concept of waste reduction to the waste resulted from each industry in as many as 2.19% or 4.83 kg/day. In the second step, 44.295 or 99.92 kg/day of the waste were given to livestock. The third step involved composting 39.27% or 86.72% of the waste. The fourth step was to do landfilling with 1.77% or 3.90 kg/day of the waste. The fifth step was selling 12.48% or 25.40 kg/day of the waste that has a recycling potential to collectors based on the 3R concept. If these concepts are applied, the waste taken to the dumpsite will decrease from 16.24 tons/day to 0.49 tons/day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal dynamics have a significant effect on the use of coastal resources where more than 60 percent of cities in the world develop in this region and use it for urban infrastructure, settlements, and economic development. shoreline change is one of many indicators of coastal dynamics which is the result of interaction between biotic, abiotic and human activities which further influences policy and management practices for coastal areas. This paper presents the results of study on shoreline dynamics in Pariaman, West Sumatra using vector analysis in DSAS 4.3 between 1988-2003 and 2003-2018. The shoreline is interpreted from three Landsat images, namely Landsat 5 TM 1988, Landsat 7 ETM + 2003 and Landsat 8 OLI / TIRS 2018 that have been corrected (radiometric and geometric). The shorelines derived from Landsat combined with shoreline from topographic map by Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) as baseline for net shoreline movement (NSM) and end point rate (EPR) analysis. Then, The data of shoreline changes is used as a basis for qualitative analysis of local government policies on coastal management. The results show that shoreline changes occur dynamically wherein 1988-2003 abrasion occurred with an average rate of 2.88 m/yr and accretion of 1.64 m/yr while in the 2003-2018 an abrasion rate of 2.76 m/yr occurred and accretion rate 1.12 m/yr. This condition occurs along with the increase of longshore current speed. Some of the locations also have faster abrasion and accretion rates due to structural built. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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West Sumatra Province has many small cities considered by population size as well as their built-up area. In these cities, a vast paddy field landscape still exists as a prominent characteristic. However, there are varied patterns of built-up area change among the cities. This paper examines the patterns of changes over the past 13 years from 2005 to 2018 using spatial metrics method. The measurements consist of the number of patches, patch density, mean patch size, and Urban Sprawl Index. Patterns of built-up area change generated by combining such measurements. It is found that the relationship between spatial geometry measures and growth rate measure is weak. Therefore, the study suggests identifying trends and comparisons among cities with the same characteristics to interpret spatial metrics method appropriately. The study also shows three types of built-up area change: (a) infilling with low-density development, (b) edge expansion with low-density development, and (c) edge expansion with scattered/leapfrogging development. The development of cities in the first and second types had a compact pattern, while the third tended to develop fragmented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dadih, also known as dadiah, is a traditional fermented buffalo milk from Minangkabau tribe in West Sumatra. This product is similar to yogurt, with a smooth and shiny surface, thick-bodied, creamy color and pleasant flavor. Microbes that play a dominant role in dadih fermentation are lactic acid bacteria, which possess several functional features, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimutagenic, hypocholesterolemic and immunomodulatory properties. However, traditional dadih production faced numerous challenges that impede its development, including the limitation of buffalo milk production, unstandardized dadih production due to the spontaneous fermentation, safety concerns from the absence of heat treatment, as well as limited shelf-life and consumer acceptance of traditional dadih product. Therefore, it is crucial to improve buffalo cultivation, using different types of milk, and apply pasteurization process in dadih production. Furthermore, innovation in dadih product that is more durable and preferred by consumers can be achieved through the application of various processing and packaging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to expose the revitalization of Siriah Gadang cultural values in Galombang dance performed in Guguak village, Pariangan, Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra. Siriah Gadang is almost extinct because it is very rarely used. It is a cultural object with the same function as Cara-no, which is currently used for Galombang dance performances. To achieve this goal, qualitative research was used through observation, documentation, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) techniques. The data obtained were analyzed using the Miles and Haberman model. It was found that the cultural values in Siriah Gadang are customary values, ethical values, social values, religious values, and leadership values reflected in the philosophy of the Minang-kabau people "adaik basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abrasion disaster that has resulted in remarkable coastline changes is one of the national disasters that concern the Indonesian government. The West Sumatra Government which has a significant long beach has made many abrasion prevention structures to stop loosing of hundreds of meters of land due to abrasion. In fact, the abrasion prevention structures not only protect the beach but on the other hand they also change the shape of the beach. A field study has been conducted and found that beaches that have been protected with abrasion prevention structures are susceptible to changes in shape. On the one side, the change provides benefits but on the other hand, it causes a new problem. This paper explains the relationship between the dimensions of the coastal abrasion prevention structure and the properties of adjacent beach sediment related to the shoreline changes occurring in West Sumatra. This study is very important to provide a prediction of shoreline changes due to the prevention of abrasion related to the beach soil properties. The result can be used to determine the precise abrasion prevention structures in accordance with the conditions of sediment on the beach for a future expected change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The length of the West Sumatra Province coastline is 420 km. The coastal area has many settlements and as a source of natural attraction for tourism industry. However, due to the increase of hydrometeorological disaster such as abrasion, there has been considerable damage to approximately 180 km of coastal length in recent years. This paper aims to identify the relationship between the types of vegetation that grow along the coast with the abrasion rate and to identify the role of the community for conservation of vegetation. The aim is achieved through literature review, observation, and interviews with government official and communities who live on the beach. Data processing is done by analyzing the relationship between abrasion rate and vegetation type, and by conducting content analysis on interview data. It was found that certain types of plants have the ability to cope with and reduce abrasion rates. Plant breeding and planting is recommended to be a part of non-structural mitigation efforts. Community empowerment in planting and maintaining vegetation provides excellent results for sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the effect of green brand positioning and knowledge and attitudes toward green brands on green product purchase intention moderated by environmental awareness. Collected data were from 230 Generation Y respondents in West Sumatra, Indonesia, who intended to purchase a low-cost green car. The achievement of this research is the implementation of environmental management policies in West Sumatra by increasing Generation Y awareness to buy green products to maintain the carrying capacity of the environment and encourage changes in environmentally conscious behavior. METHODS: This study used a survey approach with a questionnaire. The population in this study is Generation Y in West Sumatra, who intend to buy low-cost green cars. This study used a nonprobability approach in the sample selection. A purposive sampling technique was applied, and data were analyzed using a structural equation model - the partial least squares method. FINDINGS: There are five crucial findings in this study. First, green brand positioning has a significant effect on attitudes toward green brands, green product purchase intention, and green brand knowledge, which are 0.192, 0.151, and 0.680, respectively. Second, green brand knowledge has a significant effect on attitudes toward green brands and green product purchase intention, which are 0.271 and 0.229, respectively. Third, attitudes toward green brands have a significant effect on green product purchase intention of 0.067. Fourth, attitudes toward green brands mediate green brand positioning and knowledge on green product purchase intention by 0.218 and 0.057, respectively. Fifth, environmental awareness has a moderating effect between attitudes toward green brands and green product purchase intention at 0.161 but does not have a moderating effect between green brand positioning and green product purchase intention. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study are for green marketers to supply high access levels to green product demand because consumers are increasingly aware of environmental preservation, and marketers must emphasize quality, price, and advertising to increase demand for green products. Moreover, the respondents were only taken from West Sumatra Province, so the study results cannot represent the entire country (Indonesia). Therefore, further research should attempt to expand the sample size to include more provinces in Indonesia. Finally, this study used a cross-sectional research design, which gathered data simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eggs and chicken meat are poultry products, and their demand continuously increases yearly. Limapuluh Kota Regency is the home of the largest chicken layer industry in West Sumatra. This district's total population of chickens reaches as much as 10 million. This industry has made a significant contribution to the district's economy. In contrast, the number of farmers decreased significantly due to the low profit margin, while the egg market price was comparatively high. Our study aimed to investigate the value chain in the poultry product industry, especially in West Sumatra, and how the added value is shared among the actors. We want to determine the distribution channels, the actors, value creation, and value distribution along the supply chain. We analyze the value chain of the chicken layer industry, identify activities performed by each actor, and value creation in each stage. Value added was analyzed using a value-added Hayami method, defining the value added as the difference between the output and input values. The results showed that the structure of the industry value chain of chicken layer farms in Limapuluh Kota Regency consists of poultry shops (PS), breeders, traders, wholesalers, small traders, and consumers. Comparative analysis showed that wholesalers gain the most significant value-added distribution at 29.11 %, the second the breeder at 29.05 %, then small traders at 20.07 %, and then poultry shops at 14.17 %, and the last is traders at 7.60 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beef is a perishable food that can be naturally preserved using antimicrobial chemicals in a procedure known as biopreservation. Probiotic bacteria, or bacteria with the ability to create antimicrobial metabolites, are known as lactic acid bacteria. Fermented foods such as dadih, or fermented buffalo milk, from West Sumatra, Indonesia, contain lactic acid bacteria. This study aims to explore the existence of probiotic lactic acid bacteria in dadih and the effectiveness of utilizing lactic acid bacteria metabolites as biopreservatives in beef for nine days at 4 °C. The DK1 strain of lactic acid bacteria showed the most antibacterial metabolite activity against Salmonella sp. (11.5 mm) and Escherichia coli (13 mm) among the three isolates examined. Probiotic characteristics set the DK1 isolate apart; resistance test results showed over 106 CFU/mL, pH 2–4, a temperature range of 25 °C to 45 °C, and 0.3% bile salt. DK1 isolates tested positive for auto-aggregation 89.2% of the time. The co-aggregation test results for Salmonella sp. and E. coli reveal 46.9% and 53.1%, respectively. The findings of the bio preservation showed that, overall, treated beef contained fewer E. coli and other microorganisms than untreated meat. Furthermore, compared to control beef, metabolite-treated meat showed a shift in hue and a lower, more constant pH value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research aims to investigate the microbial diversity of Budu prepared from fresh and frozen fish from the Pariaman and Pasaman districts in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, as well as provide basic information about Budu quality. Materials and Methods: To obtain the bacterial microbial composition, deoxyribonucleic acid extraction was carried out using amplicon-sequencing of the 16S-rRNA gene in the V3-V4 region from two types of Budu and carried out in duplicate. Results: Budu prepared with fresh (Pariaman) or frozen (Pasaman) fish was dominated by Firmicutes (78.455%-92.37%) and Proteobacteria (6.477%-7.23%) phyla. The total microbial species in Budu from Pariaman were higher (227 species) than in Pasaman (153 species). The bacterial species found are Lentibacillus kimchi (1.878%-2.21%), Staphylococcus cohnii (0.597%-0.70%), Peptostreptococcus russeli (0.00%-0.002%), Clostridium disporicum (0.073%-0.09%), Clostridium novyi (0.00%-0.01%), Nioella sediminis (0.00%-0.001%), and Shewanella baltica (0.00%-0.003%). Lentibacillus kimchi, S. cohnii, and C. disporicum are found in both Budu. Nioella sediminis and S. baltica are found in Budu Pariaman. Peptostreptococcus russeli and C. novyi were found in Budu Pasaman. Conclusion: Metagenomic analysis of Budu from different fish, Pariaman (fresh fish) and Pasaman (frozen fish) showed that the biodiversity of bacteria was barely different. Both Budu found lactic acid bacteria from the Enterococcaceae family, genus Vagococcus, and pathogenic bacteria, such as S. cohnii, P. russeli, C. disporicum, and S. baltica. The discovery of various species of pathogenic bacteria indicates that development is still needed in the Budu production process to improve Budu quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marriage is the strongest relationship in terms of controlling human behaviour. There are various reasons why men and women want to be tied through marriage, such as religious, economic, social and cultural factors, and even politics. Cultural factors have special characteristics because they are the product of creativity, human feelings and intentions brought from birth that are passed down from generation to generation. This paper aims to describe the cultural values that affect the lives of the Minangkabau ethnic women who marry other ethnic men. This study is based on interviews with 37 women in 7 districts in West Sumatra where the Minangkabau tribe reside. The women live in either urban or rural areas such as Padang, Pariaman, Agam, Tanah Datar, 50 Kota, Payakumbuh and Solok. The women come from various educational backgrounds, from senior high school through to university with more than 5 years marriage between them. This research asked 4 main questions: What are the conditions that must be met by a man in order to be able to marry a Minangkabau woman? Where do the couple meet? What culture must be applied when running the household? How do they direct the future of their children? The results showed that a man from a different ethnic background than Minangkabau must follow the malakok tradition as a requirement if he wants to marry a Minangkabau woman. Malakok results in the men being traditionally accepted by the Minangkabau community. This tradition is still practiced in Minangkabau modern society, especially by those who live in Nagari (village) and who have a strong Kerapatan Adat Nagari (Village Culture Institution). The majority of women meet with their partners in the overseas area. They then bring their partners back to live with their extended family. The culture of the household is Minangkabau, including when educating any children. This study found that the Minangkabau culture places women as the educators of children, in addition to their roles as household regulators and role models for the community. These cultural values have proven to be successful in creating harmonious households, as well as becoming characteristic of Minangkabau women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The typical diurnal variability of tropospheric winds over West Sumatra and their changes associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, Madden–Julian Oscillations and convectively coupled Kelvin waves during the extended boreal winter season are investigated based on nineteen years of observations from Equatorial Atmosphere Radar in Kototabang, Indonesia. Sub-diurnal wind variability is assessed based on the amplitude and phase of the diurnal (24 h) and semidiurnal (12 h) modes.The results show that composite diurnal variability is dominated by cloud-induced circulation and thermal tides. Although these sub-diurnal modes do not change the daily mean wind direction, they modulate velocities throughout the day. Typical diurnal evolution of the vertical wind component is consistent with changes in the latent heating profiles associated with the evolution of a cloud field from cumulus before noon to deep convection in the afternoon and stratiform clouds in the evening. El Niño Southern Oscillation and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation affect the mean tropospheric winds, throughout the troposphere and above 250 hPa, respectively, but do not affect sub-diurnal amplitudes. Eastward propagating Madden–Julian Oscillations and convectively coupled Kelvin waves impact both the mean and sub-diurnal tropospheric wind variability. Both horizontal and vertical winds show the largest variability in the lower and mid troposphere (below 400 hPa). The observed variability in the vertical wind component highlights that large-scale phenomena interact with both the local evolution and progression of a cloud field through dynamical feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the manifestation of religious populism through a case study in West Sumatra, highlighting its rise to power and the consequent shift towards religion as a central factor in public policy decisions. In West Sumatra, where the Minangkabau reside, Islamic populism received support from the economically established, middleclass traders. It occurred due to the change within Minangkabau society, where the clan's traditional role in meeting the needs of its members has been disrupted by modernization. Replacing the clan's roles, financially stable middle-class Muslims have come to support the needy and community activities, eventually leading to the rise of Islamic populism. This transformation, from clan-based to multi-clan alliances, has provided the consolidated middle class with the impetus to advocate for a conservative Islamic agenda. The research findings also underscore the necessity of considering contextual factors, including urban-rural dynamics and community-specific socio-cultural structures. Data for this research were collected by employing vis-à-vis interviews and active observation from August 2019 to December 2020 in West Sumatra, Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weeds are high adaptability plants after peatland fires. The response of the dominant weeds growing after the fire is an important factor in weed control efforts to increase the yield of oil palm plantations on post-fire peatlands. The present study was conducted at the Kurao oil palm plantation, Lubuk Basung, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The weeds were collected by using the Quadrat method with random placement of 20 plots in post-fire and unburnt locations. The leaf morphological characteristics were determined by the descriptive method. While the chlorophyll content of leaves was measured by using calorimetry in the spectrophotometer. A total of 25 species and 17 families of weeds were collected in the present study. The Peperomia pellucida is the most dominant species collected with an important value index of 36.41% and follows by Ageratum conyzoides with an important value index of 28.99%. In the present study, we confirmed the differences in all aspects of the morphological characteristics of Peperomia pellucida leaves between post-fire and unburnt locations. Meanwhile, in Ageratum conyzoides leaves only show differences in several aspects. Furthermore, there were differences in the chlorophyll content of Peperomia pellucida, while Ageratum conyzoides did not show any differences in chlorophyll content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

User security behavior is all user actions related to computer system security. Previous studies have shown that user security behavior is one of the main causes of computer and information security problems in many organizations. In order to mitigate this problem, we need to find a solution to improve user security behavior in the organization. This process involves three steps. This study emphasizes the first step to address an organization's security behavior. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level of user security behavior for four service industries in West Sumatra in 2019. This study is carried out by using a survey research method. Questionnaires were distributed to 320 respondents from four service sectors: government, education, banking, and private services. The questionnaire consists of 30 questions comprising seven factors influencing user security behavior: the organization's values, coworkers' behavior, the ability to make decisions, the availability of supporting tools, individual values and standards, the employeeemployer relationship, and the Effort required. The result shows that the level of user security behavior is reasonably high. This implies that service sector employees in Indonesia are aware of the threats in cyberspace and the importance of the security procedure at work. For further research, we plan to study some security problems in more detail to propose possible solutions or actions to improve user security behavior in the service industry, particularly in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fermentation process results in the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Traditional fermented buffalo milk from the Indonesian province of West Sumatra is known as dadih. Bacteriocins are naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides that can be produced by LAB. These bacteriocins have the potential to be used as natural preservatives. This research was conducted with the intention of isolating and partially characterizing a bacteriocin that was generated by Lactobacillus pentosus 124-2 that was isolated from dadih. Using MRS agar media and 16sRNA, the LAB that was found in dadih was successfully isolated. Bacteriocins were produced using media consisting of MRS broth. After the bacteriocins were obtained, they were subjected to a series of purification processes, one of which included ammonium sulfate (70%) followed by gel filtration chromatography for additional purification. According to the findings, the strain of LAB that was discovered in the dadih was Lactobacillus pentosus 124-2. The specific activity of the bacteriocins rose, allowing for the effective completion of the purification process. The pure bacteriocins had the greatest specific activity values, at 60.59 AU/mg, while the yield values were 0.41% and 3.15-fold. Bacteriocins in their purest form were able to inhibit the growth of Salmonella species as well as Staphylococcus aureus. The characterization results included partial bacteriocins that were resistant to pH 2, 4, and 6; antibacterial activity that was was stable at a temperature range of 25 °C to 121 °C; and resistance to the addition of 2%, 4%, and 6% salt concentrations. Microbial stability against the addition of surfactants EDTA, SDS, and Tween 80 was also obtained. In light of these findings, a bacteriocin derived from L. pentosus possesses the possible ability to be utilized in the food business as a biopreservative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assumption of a homogeneous elastic half-space model is widely used to model the earth's deformation. However, the homogeneous assumption would not accurately reflect the complexity of the shallow crust. We performed a 3D coseismic deformation model using the finite element method and referred to the 2010 Mentawai earthquake. The 2010 tsunami earthquake was located at the Mentawai segment, which is a part of the accretionary wedge in the Sumatra subduction zone. This active accretionary wedge is identified as the most complicated structure on earth and lies along the Sumatra subduction zone, at which most destructive earthquakes happen in this region. We examined the impact of the accretionary wedge geometry and material properties by considering the wedge as a single different property separated from the continental plate. Various geometrical features, such as topography and wedge dimension, as well as physical properties, were simulated. Those features are then observed for their responses on the surface deformation. The topography affected the magnitude of the horizontal deformation up to 10% but only the pattern of the vertical deformation. The wedge dimension seems to have an insignificant influence on the surface deformation compared to the topography. Different physical properties of the accretionary wedge affect not only the magnitude of the horizontal deformation up to 40% but also the orientation. The direction of the lateral movement is seemingly affected by the material under the GPS station and by the source. On the other hand, the variations in the physical properties resulted in discrepancies of 0.5 meters in the vertical deformation near the source. These results indicated that regional physical property information and geometrical features are critical in estimating coseismic deformation, leading to more accurate slip inversion and earthquake and tsunami hazard prediction, particularly in regions with significant inhomogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of ASN (Aparatur Sipil Negara/ State Civil Apparatus) interest in participating in the procurement process is a problem that affects the performance of the procurement process in terms of its effectiveness and efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the factors that influence the difficulty of obtaining functional procurement from the viewpoint of various government workers authorized for procurement. This research used a quantitative approach with a questionnaire survey method for data collection. From the results of the literature study, 22 elements of the challenge to obtain procurement professionals were successfully identified. Questionnaires were distributed to ASN (public procurement officials), namely structural, functional and functional assistants working in the field of Procurement of Goods and Services within the West Sumatra provincial government. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). As a result, there are three factors of the difficulty of obtaining functional procurement from the perspective of various ASN procurement managers, namely Standard and Policy Factors (6 variables), Transparency and Accountability Factors (4 variables), and Experience and Education Factors (2 variables). This research also suggests measuring the relationship between the three factors by means of confirmatory factor analysis for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia aims to strengthen its local regions and villages. This has led to the encouragement of smart village development through several forms of assistance, including Information Technology (IT) services from the government. Koto Gadang, one of the many Minangkabau customary villages in West Sumatra, has been used as a model for the development of an IT service that can support tourism known as a Web- and mobile-based geographic information system (GIS) for buildings (GB) in order to map and visualize buildings and their inhabitants. This paper reports the development of the GB. This study takes the form of a literature review, a survey, data collection, and software development. The results of the literature review and survey were used as the basis for software development. Aerial photographs of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), mosques, offices, schools, and health service centers, as well as residential buildings, were taken using a drone, while attribute data were collected directly by visiting the buildings. The users of the GB were divided into two groups: visitors and village officers. Moreover, there confidentiality was maintained for all the data provided, so the visitors were only allowed to search for buildings (MSMEs, offices, mosques, schools, and health centers) based on certain criteria, view locations, found information, and survey routes, while village officers were allowed to collect data on residents, buildings, and houses, and also search people's homes. Furthermore, in situations where a visitor needs to find a resident's house, the village officers are required to provide this assistance. These provisions were applied in the GB and implemented using the PostgreSQL/PostGIS database, PHP, CSS Bootstrap, jQuery, and Basic4Android, created according to the needs of the Koto Gadang smart customary village. The GB allows the village officers to better understand and monitor all the buildings, houses, and residents in the village and could also encourage many travelers to visit and see historic buildings and shop for embroidery and silver crafts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is an archipelago country in which the tourism sector plays a role as an economic locomotive. In 2016, Indonesia joined the World Halal Tourism Award (WHTA) and won 12 awards, three of which were won by West Sumatra. Bukittinggi is the principal city of tourism in West Sumatra. There are many halal hotels and restaurants and 190 mosques available in the city. Unfortunately, the information regarding the mosque locations is still inadequate. For this reason, this research was conducted in order to develop a web-based and mobile-based geographic information system (GIS) for places of worship information (GPWI) to make it easier for Muslim tourists to find mosques, and other tourism objects and facilities. This paper reports on the development of the GPWI. The development of the GPWI employed the waterfall method. The GPWI allowed tourists to find mosques based on specific criteria, whose output showed them the location, information, route, and local transportation available to get to the mosques as well as other tourism objects and facilities around the mosque. The GPWI was developed using Free Open Source Software (FOSS) PostgreSQL/PostGIS, PHP, JavaScript, and Basic4Android. The spatial-based database and programs that were used to develop this GPWI are the main contributions of this study. Based on the product evaluation, the GPWI successfully met the needs of Muslim tourists in finding mosques during their visits to Bukittinggi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionospheric disturbances caused by the 2016 West Sumatra earthquake have been studied using total electron content (TEC) measurements by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observation stations evenly distributed in Sumatra and Java, Indonesia. Previous observation focused on the coseismic ionospheric disturbances (CID) detected 11–16 min after the earthquake. The maximum TEC amplitude measured was 2.9 TECU (TEC Unit) with speed between 1 and 1.72 km/s. A comprehensive analysis needs to be done to see how the growth and direction of the movement of the CID due to the earthquake is using the 3D tomography method. The dimensions of 3D tomographic model are setup to 1° × 1.2° × 75 km. The continuity constraints were used to stabilize the solution, and multiple resolution tests with synthetic data were conducted to evaluate the precision of the results. This research focuses on the anomalous movement of the ionosphere observed in three dimensions. From the model, the positive anomaly initially appeared 11 min after the earthquake at the altitude of 300 km, which is the highest ionization layer and correspond to the electron density profile using IRI model. The anomalous movement appeared 12 min after the mainshock and moved 1° toward the geomagnetic field every minute. The density anomaly of the ionosphere began to weaken 8 min after the appearance of CID. To check the accuracy of the 3D tomography model, we carried out two types of tests, namely checkerboard resolution test and the second resolution test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Integrated Islamic Elementary School curriculum is considered exclusive, such as rejecting the ideology of other religions, claims of separation between Islam and the state and even believing in the government's evil conspiracy. Eradication of radicalism in schools is intended to narrow the space for movement, therefore the role of Integrated Islamic Elementary Schools (IIES) is very important in breaking away from the notion of radicalism. This study was conducted to answer the question of how the strategy of an integrated Islamic elementary school in integrating the curriculum, extracurricular activities, environmental creation and other activities to prevent radicalism is carried out. This is qualitative research with principals, teachers and students as the subject of documentation studies, and interviews, while data analysis is carried out with the stages of reduction, exploration, verification and contextualization of data. The result of this research is that research shows that the integration of the learning curriculum at IIES West Sumatra is divided into four types that strengthen the applicable curriculum for character strengthening, personal strengthening of students to face global challenges. Strategies in extracurricular activities are carried out with a structured and systematic pattern. The three strategies for creating the environment are pursued in an Islamic atmosphere, nondiscriminatory, based on genetic characteristics, upholding ethical values, respecting cultural pluralism, and a polite culture for school members. The four strategies for routine, spontaneous and exemplary activities to prevent radicalism are carried out by strengthening character and integrating activities with learning activities, nurturing and habituation in the form of worship activities, order, neatness and cleanliness, eating and drinking. drinking, social behavior. So it can be concluded that there is no indication of the strengthening of radical ideology in IIES West Sumatra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the production stage of shale hydrocarbon with very low permeability, an in-depth analysis of the mechanism governing hydraulic fracking is required to open natural fractures, so that the fractures are connected to allow maximum flow of hydrocarbon fluids. This study is dedicated to create a vertical fracability model of shale hydrocarbon as a basis for planning the optimal position combination of horizontal well with multistage hydraulic fracking based on the correlation of rock mechanical and mineralogy analysis. Because in-situ core data is not available, this study uses shale core and shale sample data from outcrop analog (surface) as as a representative of the Brownshale Formation in the Central Sumatra Basin. At present, Indonesia has a very large potential for shale hydrocarbon, mainly from the Brownshale Formation of Pematang Group as the main source rock in the Central Sumatra Basin, which spread over several troughs, namely: Balam, Rangau, Kiri, Aman, and Bengkalis, where Bengkalis trough has the largest area compared to others, so it was chosen as the research target. In creating the vertical fracability model, information about the elastic rock properties, namely Young's Modulus (YM) and Poisson's ratio (PR) are needed as the basis for determining the depth interval of the formation with high fracability. Fortunately, at this time there was a very good outcrop analog at the coal mine site of PT. Karbindo in Kiliranjao, and there were also several outcrop analog locations in Limapuluh Koto area, West Sumatra. The vertical fracability model of shale hydrocarbon of the Brownshale Formation shows an interesting phenomenon, where the sweetspot fracable window interval is in the low YM - high PR zone, so it can be concluded that the low YM - high PR zone is a good candidate for hydraulic fracking. In contrast, the fracture barrier interval is in the high YM - high PR and low YM - low PR zones, where both are correlated with high Brittleness Index (BI), but the Fracability Index (FI) is low. It can be concluded that high YM - high PR and low YM - low PR are inappropriate interval as a candidate for hydraulic fracking. This phenomenon is confirmed by the presence of a dominant carbonate mineral at the upper section as fracture barrier, while at the lower section as a sweetspot fracable window, which is more dominated by quartz mineral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the development of the tourism life cycle in the Saribu Rumah Gadang Region. All stakeholders have been serious about developing and managing the area since 2013. Seeing the Saribu Rumah Gadang Region's development, which continues to increase significantly, and the government's assistance is quite massive, it is necessary to know the stages of the tourism life cycle in this area. Tourism life cycle analysis was chosen as the approach. Indicators and parameters use cooperative tourism success elements: attraction, access, amenities, and ancillary service, observed with the Buttler Tourism Area Life Cycle (TLAC) theory. This research was conducted with a descriptive-qualitative approach. The results showed that the Saribu Rumah Gadang area's tourism cycle process had just entered the development phase. Exploration phase from 2007-2014, the involvement phase from 2014-2018, and the development phase from 2018-2020. Stakeholders are expected to continue making improvements such as building international standard facilities, attracting foreign investors to invest, calculating carrying capacity, and carrying out international-standard promotions so that tourist visits continue to increase and become known to foreign tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The 2009 West Sumatra Earthquake (M7.5) caused landslides in Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra, Indonesia, and severe damage in Tandikat. Previous studies of the damage reported that the sliding surfaces are 2-m thick pumice layers above hard clay layers. In this study, we performed microtremor investigations at the landslide areas to estimate ground motion characteristics from horizontal to vertical (H/V) spectral ratios and subsurface structures from phase velocity dispersion curves of array measurements. The predominant periods of H/V spectral ratios are distributed in the range of 0.1-0.4 s. The H/V spectral ratios in the damaged area exhibit sharp unimodal peaks and the peak values in areas without landslides are small. These results may reflect the difference in the velocity structures between the areas with and without landslides during the 2009 earthquake. Hard subsurface structures are suggested in the areas without landslides. However, soft surface layers with an S-wave velocity of 200 m/s or less are estimated over the entire area, even in areas without landslides, by subsurface structure models derived from array data. The layers, including pumice layers, represent remnants of prior landslides. We are concerned about future coseismic landslides caused by the deposits, even in the areas that did not experience landslides during this event. We hope the results will contribute to landslide disaster prevention in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A long period of ant sampling has been conducted in Biological Education and Research Forest (BERF), Universitas Andalas, West Sumatra, Indonesia by deploying several methods i.e. direct hand collection in rotten logs, at flowering plants and at bird nests, Quadra Protocol for sampling diurnal and nocturnal ground ants and subterranean trap for soil ants. A total of 100 ant species which taxonomically grouped into 41 genera, 15 tribes and eight subfamilies resulted from this study. Myrmicinae became subfamily with the most species recorded (46 species), after the Formicinae with 28 species and Ponerinae with 11 species. On the other hand, the rest subfamilies were represented with less species e.g. Dolichoderinae (6 species), Dorylinae (3 species), Pseudomyrmicinae (3 species), Ectatommine (2 species) and Ambliponinae (1 species). Pheidole was genus with the most species recorded (17 species) followed by Crematogaster (7 species) and Polyrhachis (6 species). Quadra Protocol became the most effective method to record ant species in this study (42 species), subsequently followed by purposive hand collection method (40 species), subterranean trap (10 species), direct collection in rotten logs (8 species), observation at flowering plants (8 species) or collection from within bird nests (4 species). Despite the robustness of inventory produced from this study, it is indicated that BERF area still holds more ant species that are not recorded by research done so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultivation of true shallot seeds has the potential to be developed in Indonesia because apart from being able to reduce the cost of providing seeds, it also has higher productivity than shallot from tubers. This study aims to determine the appearance of true shallot seed varieties that have high yield potential in the highlands of West Sumatra. The study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 treatments of true shallot seed varieties, namely, Trisula, Bima, Lokananta, and Sanren, with 6 replications. The results showed that except for the age of harvest and the number of tubers per hill, the treatment of various varieties of true shallot seeds showed a significant effect on all observed variables. Lokananta variety has better growth component, yield component, and yields compared to other varieties (Trisula, Bima, and Sanren). Cultivation of true shallot seeds in the highlands gives lower yields than in the adapted area (lowland), except for the Trisula variety. Lokananta variety is recommended for use in the highlands of West Sumatra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to describe and compare the selfadjustment of boarding school students with the school environment in terms of gender (comparative descriptive study of students at MAN Insan Cendekia Lubuk Alung, West Sumatra). This type of research is descriptive-comparative with a questionnaire instrument. The population of all students of class X, sampling with purposive random sampling technique in order to obtain a sample of 82 students. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, and to test the differences used t test. The results showed that in general the self-adjustment of boarding school students with the school environment of MAN Insan Cendekia Lubuk Alung, West Sumatra was classified high and there was a significance difference from the self-adjustment of male and female students. Therefore, school counselors can provide various types of counseling and guidance services to students of MAN Insan Cendekia Lubuk Alung, West Sumatra so that they are able to overcome difficulties in their selfadjustment by fostering self-confidence and training students how to adapt to the new environment and atmosphere in accordance with the rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduce: In West Sumatra, there are several registered lands, administered, and published its certificate by the National Land Agency is still identified as customary land-based on customary law. This condition results in disputes between the interests of individuals and/or indigenous peoples who feel disadvantaged over the issuance of certificates with the government. If this dispute cannot be resolved amicably, it can be resolved in the State Administrative Court. The purpose of this study is to find out the concept of the ideal application of Minangkabau customary law in the future in the Padang State Administrative Court Decision in resolving disputes over land ownership certificates between the Minangkabau Customary Law Community and the National Land Agency. Method: This research is classified as normative legal research which focuses on the case approach by analyzing the ratio decidendi or the reasons considered by the judge in making decisions by taking into account formal and material facts. Result: This study resulted in conclusions. Analysis of legal considerations that include formal aspects (exceptions) and material aspects (principal cases) has a level of accuracy that can achieve legal objectives, including justice, expediency, and certainty if it has a philosophical, sociological, and juridical basis that more in-depth on the Decision of the Padang State Administrative Court. discuss. the ideal concepts of implementing Minangkabau customary law in the future in the Padang State Administrative Court's decision are to apply customary law without excluding national law, promote substantive justice, judges must explore the values of customary law and judges must consider facts and realities. the reality in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rendang is a kind of food that has become one of cultural heritages of Minangkabau tribe. It is not only a local food that has been crowned the best food in the world by CNN, but it also serves as the cultural identity. Most of people think that rendang is only made from beef of buffalo meat. In fact, rendang has many varieties that relate to the types of the area and the local natural resources where it is cooked. West Sumatra consists of mountainous and coastal areas. One of the popular rendang varieties in coastal areas is Rendang Lokan—it is not made from beef but oyster (lokan). Rendang Lokan is a kind of food for people who live in this area. They use resources of the sea for their foods. Rendang, for Minangkabau tribe, is not only considered as a traditional food but also as a symbol of cultural identity from a certain area. This article is aimed at discussing the history of using Oyster as the main ingredient for rendang as one of the rendang varieties coming from the coastal areas in West Sumatra. The results show that rendang lokan is a representation of the characteristics of Minangkabau people who have the ability to adapt themselves to the local environmental conditions in maintaining their cultural identity. Rendang lokan was initially created as the adjustment of the Minangkabau people who live in the coastal areas to the local natural resources and their economic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on electoral victories by wives of regional heads in West Sumatra province during Indonesia's 2019 elections. We argue that these victories can be explained by the emergence of a phenomenon we label "neo-ibuism." We draw on the concept of "state ibuism," previously used to describe the gender ideology of the authoritarian Suharto regime, which emphasised women's roles as mothers (ibu) and aimed to domesticate them politically. Neo-ibuism, by contrast, allows women to play an active role in the public sphere, including in elections, but in ways that still emphasise women's roles within the family. The wives of regional government heads who won legislative victories in West Sumatra not only relied on their husbands' political resources to achieve victories, they also used a range of political networks to reach out to voters, in ways that stressed both traditional gender roles and their own political agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marapi in Sumatra is characterized by frequent short‐lived explosions and small eruptions (Volcanic Explosivity Index 1–2) and in the past 250 years, the volcano has erupted >60 times. Recent volcanic bombs and the presence of broadband seismic stations lead us to reconstruct the plumbing system of the volcano through an interdisciplinary study. A petrologic study of the summit bombs uses pyroxene, plagioclase and glass compositions to obtain pressures and temperatures of magma storage as well as identify pre‐eruptive processes. Two‐pyroxene geothermobarometry provides pre‐eruptive crystallization pressure estimates of 4–7 kbar (∼15–26 km). Compositional and textural analyses of plagioclase and pyroxene crystals indicate that mafic magma recharge was followed by mixing with the resident magma and renewed crystallization prior to eruption. In order to further image the magma reservoir, we performed a joint inversion of teleseismic receiver functions and surface waves (H/V ratio). The inversion reveals a low velocity zone (LVZ) at depths of 15–21 km that has 7 ± 3% shear velocity reduction, corresponding to an estimated melt fraction of 5 ± 2%. The depth of this LVZ overlaps with the depth of magma storage estimated from petrology, constraining it with high confidence. Such a combined interdisciplinary study provides valuable information for evaluating future periods of unrest, laying out a framework for the interpretation of incoming monitoring data and signals to look out for in order to improve eruption forecasts. Plain Language Summary: Magma plumbing systems (MPS) are the network of interconnected magma ponding regions beneath active volcanoes. The activities within the MPS involve processes such as crystallization of magma, injections of a new magma batch from a deeper source, mixing with the pre‐existing magma, and magma transport to shallower depths or to the surface leading to an eruption. Understanding the processes in the MPS will provide information for interpretation of past and current eruption behavior for improved hazard assessments and eruption forecast. We study the MPS of Marapi (Sumatra) with the analysis of erupted rock samples and seismic waves propagating through the MPS. We find that the magma storage of Marapi is located at ∼15–26 km beneath the volcano where magmas are stored in a state containing mostly solid crystals with low average melt (liquid phase) fractions. Crystals in the erupted rock samples record the injection of a new magma, its mixing with the pre‐existing (resident) magma and renewed crystallization before eruption. This study will provide a framework for the interpretation of incoming monitoring data and signals to look out for in order to improve eruption forecasts. Key Points: Combined petrologic and seismic studies constrain the magma plumbing system of MarapiMarapi magmas are stored in a highly crystalline state with low average melt fractionsPlagioclase crystals record magma recharge, hybridization with the resident magma, and renewed crystallization before eruption [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The religious moderatism is one of the constructive efforts in a diverse religious society. Plurality of beliefs as a whole part of the social landscape of Indonesian society is not yet fully understood and believed by the religious community. In the era of Populism, moreover in the dimension of religious practice, the case in West Sumatra shows horizontal disagreement or disharmony related to symbols and material aspects of religion such as the establishment of religious ritual places and supporting resource. This article confirms that communication serves vitally in addressing religious exclusivity. Resistance to religious entities is always found, as one of the markers of Populism, so that the symbolic interaction of religious leaders in undermining conflict and violence is indispensable. Religion pays particular attention to a social construct and practice with the main purpose of harmony and moderatism of a religion. It serves effectively as a contribution of communicative actions, as conveyed by Jurgen Habermas, through reconciliation among religious people. The values of interaction between religious people are emphazised with the principle of agreement and respect as fellow citizens and human beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is one of the countries that has the largest tropical forest land in the world, this makes Indonesia rich in diversity of flora and fauna. This diversity produces a variety of cultures, traditions and local wisdom. One of the local wisdoms of the people of West Sumatra is the use and utilization of the biodiversity around it as a medicine for various diseases. The type of medicinal plant that is the focus of this research is the type of Akar Kuning plant (Arcangelisia flava Merr.). This research is an educational research conducted using an ethnoscience approach, meaning that it is based on the indigenous knowledge of the local community. This study aims to reconstruct knowledge from a cultural/community perspective in the health sector. which later will become a knowledge with scientific explanation. The data were obtained through direct observation to the research location regarding indigenous knowledge about the Akar Kuning plant and also based on laboratory test data on antibacterial activity carried out in the biology laboratory of Semarang State University. All data obtained will be analyzed and also strengthened by various sources. The analysis concluded that the Akar Kuning (Arcangelisia flava Merr.) Plant contains bioactive compounds that act as antibacterials, thus inhibiting bacterial growth. This is evidenced by the inhibition zone diameter data produced during laboratory tests showing the results that the Yellow Root plant extract (Arcangelisia flava Merr.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of information sources in the information gathering process for news media content is very crucial in the context of its role and function as an instrument in building citizen literacy. However, in cases where the local news media is relatively highly dependent on local government, a number of critical issues arise. Essentially, the relationship is symbiotic, but in reality, local news media is more dependent on local government. Local government almost functions as the backbone of local news media through its multiple roles; as the source of information, the source of income, and the main market for local media. Through a case study, this article describes this relationship from the perspective of local news media and the point of view of local government, its manifestation in reporting, and the critical issues that must be considered. The research object was 4 local newspapers in West Sumatra Province, one of 34 provinces in Indonesia. The research data were obtained through interviews with newspaper editors and government public relations officials, content analysis, and literature review. The findings indicate that the power imbalance in the relationship causes the minimum voice of ordinary citizens in media coverage based on the usage pattern of local newspaper sources. Information sourced from government elements dominates the content of local newspapers, followed by information sources from local elites. Primarily, this practice impoverishes the public's perspective and makes the content of local newspapers less relevant, thereby widening the distance between the local newspapers and the local public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Minangkabau people of West Sumatra in Indonesia are renowned for their matrilineal culture with property and land passing down from mother to daughter. Despite there being a fairly balanced social status for women in the community, the impact of health inequalities is uneven. This study was therefore carried out to explore the relationship between the social, cultural and economic contexts in such a distinctive community with maternal nutrition and pregnancy-related health outcomes, from the perspectives of the mothers, fathers and care providers. Qualitative methods were used to undertake this study in collaboration with partners from the University of Andalas in a suburban area of Padang district. The data collection method was qualitative, semi-structured interviews (n = 19) with women, men, midwives and community health workers. The data were recorded with informed consent, transcribed in the local language and then translated into English prior to being thematically analysed. The major themes which emerged from the data included 'Minangkabau matrilineality and role of women'; 'culture and supportive attitude towards pregnant women'; 'dietary patterns, attitude and access to food'; and 'limited access to information about food and nutrition'. The findings showed healthy dietary patterns such as regular consumption of vegetables and fruit among the participants. However, the issues of poverty, access to food, dietary taboos and inadequate nutritional information remained major challenges for the mothers and the families who participated in the study. The evidence from this study suggests that the matrilineal culture of the Minangkabau promotes the empowerment of women and offers an encouraging environment for enhancing reproductive health. This lends itself to co-developing locally sensitive and sustainable complex interventions incorporating professional support and building on family and community back-up, enhancing knowledge and demystifying dietary misinformation to improve maternal health and nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This mixed-method study observes the effects of collaborative writing strategy on EFL learners’ writing skill and their perception of the strategy. The population consists of 80 students from a public senior high school in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The samples, which were selected by using cluster random sampling, were categorized as the experimental and control class. Each class were taught with different teaching strategies, experimental class was taught by using collaborative writing strategy and the control class was taught by using conventional teaching strategy. The data were collected through writing tests and interviews to measure the students’ writing skill and their perception of collaborative writing. The result of the analysis reveals that collaborative writing strategy has helped students in generating their writing ideas and activating the students’ background knowledge of the topics assigned to them to develop in their writings. The result of this study also highlights the students’ positive perception on collaborative writing strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Padang Panjang city located at an altitude of 650 to 850 meters above sea level, so that weather cold and cool. Temperatures range from 17 °C to 26.1 °C and with 3,295 mm/ year of rainfall. This area is rich in the diversity of flora and fauna. Pteridophyta is one of the flora that has a unique diversity of species and has the potential for tremendous utilization such as ornamental plants, medicines and vegetable plants. The study was conducted in the Lubuak Mato Kuciang area of Padang Panjang City, West Sumatra, which is currently being developed for tourism. The aim of this study obtain collect data and information about the diversity of ferns in Lubuk Mato Kuciang. The activities of the study are conducted to collect species as much as possible. Identification of fern species was carried out in the Laboratory of Educational Science. Mathematics and Science Faculty. Padang State University. The identification of flora was analyzed descriptively. The identification species results were obtained through descriptive analysis. The results of this study obtains that there were 21 species of fern that include 11 families. They were namely; Selaginellaceace including Selaginella sp, Selaginella plana Hieron and Selaginella wildenowii; Lomariopsidaceae family including Neplholepisbiserrata; Pterisvittata L; Adiatumpedatum; Cyatheaceae family, including Cyatheacontaminans; Gleicheinaceae including Gleichenialinearis; Marrattiaceae family including Marrattiafraxinea; Lindsaeaceae family including Sphenomeris chinensis; and Dryopteridaceae family including Nephroletis cordifolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Bukittinggi in West Sumatra Province is geographically prone to multi hazard. The located along the active fault line of Sumatra namely Ngarai Sianok that shifted eleven centimeters per year, which is surrounded by two volcanoes, namely Mount Singgalang and Mount Marapi. hooking at the potential of multihazard disasters, this study aims to analyze the multi-disaster that is the input for development policy. The method used to assess factors with Davidson standardization model and superimpose. To obtain the level of importance of disaster risk factors used weighting by using analytical hierarchy process method by expert judgement. The study results show areas at high risk for earthquake, landslide, fire and flood disasters and disaster mitigation measures to reduce risks to hazard, vulnerability and resilience factors. Contribution in this reseach that spatial multi-hazard consideration should be undertaken as a consideration of development policies in order to reduce disaster risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorpyrifos is one of the toxic organophosphate insecticides that is often used by farmers in West Sumatra Province. This research was conducted with the aim to analyse the level of consumption, conversion ratio, and growth rate in fish cultivated in the twin lakes of West Sumatra. The concentration variations are 1/7 and 1/14 LC50-96h of chlorpyrifos. The study was conducted for 14 days. Research data analysis found the values of R = 0.75-1 for the relationship of oxygen level, conversion ratio, and growth of tilapia to the duration of exposure which means having a strong correlation. The results obtained were due to chlorpyrifos insecticide exposure on day 1 to day 14. At a concentration of 0.0054 mg/L, there was a decrease in the level of oxygen consumption of 0.0159 mgO2/L, an increase in feed conversion ratio of 0.8253, and the deviation flow of 2.7048%. Whereas at a concentration of 0.0108 mg/L, there was a decrease in the oxygen level of 0.0213 mgO2/L, increase in feed conversion ratio of 0.8201, and deviation growth by 2.7048%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was done to overcome the bacterial resistance towards antibiotics by produced new antibiotics. Some microorganisms can be used as a source of antibiotics, including microalgae. This study was conducted by using microalgae Scenedesmus dimorphus to produced a new antibiotic. The study began by looking for a suitable growth medium to obtain maximum biomass to produces antibiotics. The results showed that the suitable growth medium was Bolt Basalt Medium (BBM) with dry biomass of 0.602 g/L, whereas from grow more G32% medium was obtained 0.302 g/L and commercial fertilizer P5 was obtained 0.479 g/L. The antibacterial activity of Scenedesmus dimorphus extract was tested using the disc diffusion method (Kirby & Bauer test). The extraction process using methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane solvents was carried out by the maceration method with the help of the sonication process. Antibacterial activity testing showed the inhibition zone on methanol extract using Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Salmonella thypimurium ATCC 14028, Eschericia coli ATCC 25922, Methicilin Resistent-Staphylococus aureus ATCC 25175 respectively 13 mm, 10 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm while on ethyl acetate extracts the inhibition zone size were 9 mm, 8 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm and n-hexane extracts were 8 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm and 8 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is intended to get the concept of Minangkabau dance movement in the context of ethnic philosophical values. Today, ninik-mamak, cadiak pandai, and alim ulama in West Sumatra develop ideas about Minangkabau philosophy in all aspects of life. How this idea is reflected in dance movements? To answer this question, a qualitative method is used by taking six samples of popular Minangkabau traditional dance. The data were collected using Focus Group Discussion, observation, and interviews to confirm previous findings. Through the triangulation technique, it is expected to obtain credible data and be analyzed using the models of Miles and Haberman. The results of this study indicate that the basic movements of Minangkabau dance are silat movements. The martial arts movement is the basis of movement used by many traditional dances in Minangkabau. Every district has its unique cultural values and identities and these values are manifested in dance created by dance activists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]