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In this paper, we report on a study that took place during the COVID-19 pandemic and for which we interviewed ten experienced, university level, language instructors about their digital practices as they found themselves teaching in an Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) mode. The study sought to describe how, through their professional activities and experiences, they developed new and/ or further online competencies and how the ERT context brought them to rethink their pedagogical practices and namely, their Written Corrective Feedback (WCF). Our results show that language instructors' digital competencies are on a dynamic continuum of changes with some who faced challenges, while others sought opportunities or provided solutions during that unprecedented period. An adapted version of the SAMR (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition) model (Puentedura, 2010) is suggested, which takes into consideration this ERT context. [For the complete volume, "Intelligent CALL, Granular Systems and Learner Data: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2022 (30th, Reykjavik, Iceland, August 17-19, 2022)," see ED624779.]

These proceedings contain the papers and posters of the 13th International Conference on Mobile Learning 2017, which was organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), in Budapest, Hungary, April 10-12, 2017. The Mobile Learning 2017 Conference seeks to provide a forum for the presentation and discussion of mobile learning research which illustrates developments in the field. Full papers presented in these proceedings include: (1) Design of a Prototype Mobile Application to Make Mathematics Education More Realistic (Dawid B. Jordaan, Dorothy J. Laubscher, and A. Seugnet Blignaut); (2) Tablets and Applications to Tell Mathematics' History in High School (Eduardo Jesus Dias, Carlos Fernando Araujo, Jr., and Marcos Andrei Ota); (3) Assessing the Potential of LevelUp as a Persuasive Technology for South African Learners (Nhlanhla A. Sibanyoni and Patricia M. Alexander); (4) #Gottacatchemall: Exploring Pokemon Go in Search of Learning Enhancement Objects (Annamaria Cacchione, Emma Procter-Legg, and Sobah Abbas Petersen); (5) A Framework for Flipped Learning (Jenny Eppard and Aicha Rochdi); (6) The Technology Acceptance of Mobile Applications in Education (Mark Anthony Camilleri and Adriana Caterina Camilleri); (7) Engaging Children in Diabetes Education through Mobile Games (Nilufar Baghaei, John Casey, David Nandigam, Abdolhossein Sarrafzadeh, and Ralph Maddison); (8) A Mobile Application for User Regulated Self-Assessments (Fotis Lazarinis, Vassilios S. Verykios, and Chris Panagiotakopoulos); and (9) Acceptance of Mobile Learning at SMEs of the Service Sector (Marc Beutner and Frederike Anna Rüscher). Short papers presented include: (1) Possible Potential of Facebook to Enhance Learners' Motivation in Mobile Learning Environment (Mehwish Raza); (2) D-Move: A Mobile Communication Based Delphi for Digital Natives to Support Embedded Research (Otto Petrovic); (3) Small Private Online Research: A Proposal for a Numerical Methods Course Based on Technology Use and Blended Learning (Francisco Javier Delgado Cepeda); (4) Experimenting with Support of Mobile Touch Devices for Pupils with Special Educational Needs (Vojtech Gybas, Katerina Kostolányová, and Libor Klubal); (5) Mobile Learning in the Theater Arts Classroom (Zihao Li); (6) Nomophobia: Is Smartphone Addiction a Genuine Risk for Mobile Learning? (Neil Davie and Tobias Hilber); (7) Analysis of Means for Building Context-Aware Recommendation System for Mobile Learning (Larysa Shcherbachenko and Samuel Nowakowski); (8) RunJumpCode: An Educational Game for Educating Programming (Matthew Hinds, Nilufar Baghaei, Pedrito Ragon, Jonathon Lambert, Tharindu Rajakaruna, Travers Houghton, and Simon Dacey); (9) Readiness for Mobile Learning: Multidisciplinary Cases from Yaroslavl State University (Vladimir Khryashchev, Natalia Kasatkina, and Dmitry Sokolenko); and (10) The M-Learning Experience of Language Learners in Informal Settings (Emine Sendurur, Esra Efendioglu, Neslihan Yondemir Çaliskan, Nomin Boldbaatar, Emine Kandin, and Sevinç Namazli). Reflection papers presented include: (1) New Model of Mobile Learning for the High School Students Preparing for the Unified State Exam (Airat Khasianov and Irina Shakhova); (2) Re-Ment--Reverse Mentoring as a Way to Deconstruct Gender Related Stereotypes in ICT (Kathrin Permoser); (3) Academic Success Foundation: Enhancing Academic Integrity through Mobile Learning (Alice Schmidt Hanbidge, Amanda Mackenzie, Nicole Sanderson, Kyle Scholz, and Tony Tin); (4) Using Tablet and iTunesU as Individualized Instruction Tools (Libor Klubal, Katerina Kostolányová, and Vojtech Gybas); (5) DuoLibras--An App Used for Teaching-Learning of Libras (Erick Nilson Sodré Filho, Lucas Gomes dos Santos, Aristóteles Esteves Marçal da Silva, Nidyana Rodrigues Miranda de Oliveira e Oliveira, Pedro Kislansky, and Marisete da Silva Andrade); (6) Educators Adopting M-Learning: Is It Sustainable in Higher Education? (Nicole Sanderson and Alice Schmidt Hanbidge); and (7) M-Kinyarwanda: Promoting Autonomous Language Learning through a Robust Mobile Application (Emmanuel Bikorimana, Joachim Rutayisire, Mwana Said Omar, and Yi Sun). Posters include: (1) Design of Mobile E-Books as a Teaching Tool for Diabetes Education (Sophie Huey-Ming Guo); and (2) Reading While Listening on Mobile Devices: An Innovative Approach to Enhance Reading (Aicha Rochdi and Jenny Eppard). The Doctoral Consortium includes: How Can Tablets Be Used for Meaning-Making and Learning (Liv Lofthus). Individual papers include references, and an Author Index is included.

These proceedings contain the papers of the 12th International Conference on Mobile Learning 2016, which was organized by the International Association for Development of the Information Society, in Vilamoura, Algarve, Portugal, April 9-11, 2016. The Mobile Learning 2016 Conference seeks to provide a forum for the presentation and discussion of mobile learning research which illustrate developments in the field. Full papers presented in these proceedings include: (1) Mobile Devices and Spatial Enactments of Learning: iPads in Lower Secondary Schools (Bente Meyer); (2) NetEnquiry--A Competitive Mobile Learning Approach for the Banking Sector (Marc Beutner, Matthias Teine, Marcel Gebbe and Lara Melissa Fortmann); (3) M-Learning Challenges in Teaching Crosscutting Themes in the Education of Young People and Adults (Marcos Andrei Ota and Carlos Fernando de Araujo Jr); (4) Mobile Learning: Pedagogical Strategies for Using Applications in the Classroom (Anna Helena Silveira Sonego, Leticia Rocha Machado, Cristina Alba Wildt Torrezzan and Patricia Alejandra Behar); (5) Experiencing a Mobile Game and its Impact on Teachers' Attitudes towards Mobile Learning (Hagit Meishar-Tal and Miky Ronen); (6) Exploring Mobile Affordances in the Digital Classroom (David Parsons, Herbert Thomas and Jocelyn Wishart); (7) Design, Development and Evaluation of a Field Learning Video Blog (Otto Petrovic); (8) Development and Evaluation of a Classroom Interaction System (Bingyi Cao, Margarita Esponda-Argüero and Raúl Rojas); (9) Visual Environment for Designing Interactive Learning Scenarios with Augmented Reality (José Miguel Mota, Iván Ruiz-Rube, Juan Manuel Dodero and Mauro Figueiredo); and (10) The Development of an Interactive Mathematics App for Mobile Learning (Mauro Figueiredo, Beata Godejord and José Rodrigues). Short papers presented include: (1) Conceptualizing an M-Learning System for Seniors (Matthias Teine and Marc Beutner); (2) Sensimotor Distractions when Learning with Mobile Phones on-the Move (Soledad Castellano and Inmaculada Arnedillo-Sánchez); (3) Personal Biometric Information from Wearable Technology Tracked and Followed Using an Eportfolio: A Case Study of eHealth literacy Development with Emerging Technology in Hong King Higher Education (Michele Notari, Tanja Sobko and Daniel Churchill); (4) An Initial Evaluation of Tablet Devices & What Are the Next Steps? (Tracey McKillen); (5) Information Literacy on the Go! Adding Mobile to an Age Old Challenge (Alice Schmidt Hanbidge, Nicole Sanderson and Tony Tin); (6) The Use of Digital Tools by Independent Music Teachers (Rena Upitis, Philip C. Abrami and Karen Boese); (7) Development of a Math Input Interface with Flick Operation for Mobile Devices (Yasuyuki Nakamura and Takahiro Nakahara); (8) Smartwatches as a Learning Tool: A Survey of Student Attitudes (Neil Davie and Tobias Hilber); and (9) The Adoption of Mobile Learning in a Traditional Training Environment: The C95-Challenge Project Experience (Nadia Catenazzi, Lorenzo Sommaruga, Kylene De Angelis and Giulio Gabbianelli). Reflection papers include the following; (1) Leadership for Nursing Work-Based Mobile Learning (Dorothy Fahlman); (2) Reflections on Ways forward for Addressing Ethical Concerns in Mobile Learning Research (Jocelyn Wishart); and (3) Mobile Learning: Extreme Outcomes of Everywhere, Anytime (Giuseppe Cosimo De Simone). Posters include: (1) Student Response Behavior to Six Types of Caller/Sender When Smartphones Receive a Call or Text Message during University Lectures (Kunihiro Chida, Yuuki Kato and Shogo Kato); and (2) Understanding the Use of Mobile Resources to Enhance Paralympic Boccia Teaching and Learning for Students with Cerebral Palsy (Fabiana Zioti, Giordano Clemente, Raphael de Paiva Gonçalves, Matheus Souza, Aracele Fassbinder and Ieda Mayumi Kawashita). Doctoral Consortium papers include: (1) Forms of the Materials Shared between a Teacher and a Pupil (Libor Klubal and Katerina Kostolányová); and (2) Mobile Touch Screen Devices as Compensation for the Teaching Materials at a Special Primary School (Vojtech Gybas and Katerina Kostolányová). Individual papers provide references, and an Author Index is provided.

The aim of the study is to examine how multiculturalism and peace studies have been viewed in Brazilian and North American literature as gleaned both from Brazilian research studies and articles presented at Peace Education Special Interest Group (SIG) in American Education Research Association (AERA), within the scope of 2010-2014, which concludes that multiculturalism and peace studies may offer groundbreaking venues to promote education provision to every one, civilian and military students together with reforms in higher education. [For the complete Volume 14, Number 1 proceedings, see ED568088.]

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were developed by the United Nations in 2015 to encompass universal respect for equality and non-discrimination regardless of race, gender, ethnicity, and cultural diversity. Since 2000, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) have aligned with SDG 4.3 by developing higher education institutions (HEIs) which aims to "By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university". This was intended to create equal opportunities and permit full realisation and prosperity of human rights and human dignity. This paper explores the effectiveness of managing racial integration in BRICS HEIs and illustrates remarkable progress in research and policy enactment. Particular attention is devoted to the period from the mid-2000s when evidence around the globe exposed the presence of many forms of violence, which inhibit management of effective racial integration. Based on case studies from selected BRICS countries (South Africa, Russia, and Brazil), this paper explores how the management of racial integration is being addressed within these contexts. [For the complete Volume 20 proceedings, see ED622631.]

Students' perceptions of an activity involving visualization are important in assessing their learning of the task. In view of this, this study was developed with undergraduate students from different courses at a public Brazilian university. The research objective was to determine how three students, who are majoring in different courses (chemistry graduation and engineering), perceive their participation in an inquiry-based metavisual activity (IBMA). For this, the students were interviewed and data were categorized according to similarities and differences in the reports. The findings indicate that the IBMA was able to facilitate the reconstruction of concepts with an emphasis at the submicro level, for the students that were majoring in chemistry. The engineering student reported a partial construction of concepts. The student's learning may have been compromised due to the smaller repertoire that he had in chemistry and on models at the submicro level. [For the full proceedings, see ED629086.]

The construction of a concept can be developed from the students' prior knowledge. Regarding deaf students, it is considered their conceptions conceived through vision. Given this, the present research was conducted with a group of deaf students in the 7th year of elementary school with the aim of verifying what ideas these students had about science. The research was carried out with a qualitative approach, using action research. For data collection, an activity was proposed with the elaboration of drawings, carried out in three stages: (1) initial conversation and elaboration of the drawings; (2) explanation of the drawings (in Libras); (3) closure of the activity. Drawings were prepared, speeches (in Libras) transcribed and notes from the logbook were used for analysis. The analyzed data revealed three categories in which students conceived decontextualized views, also demonstrating a distance from science and applications in everyday life. In relation to the visuality of the deaf student, the difficulty was evidenced in selecting and interpreting the various information that was conveyed around them. [For the full proceedings, see ED629086.]

Science education objectives in Brazil have evolved over time. Initially, the focus was on creating scientifically literate citizens who could relate scientific concepts to their daily lives. In 2017, the São Paulo City Curriculum for Natural Sciences was introduced to teach students scientific literacy through inquiry-based teaching methods. This study focused on the perceptions of teachers from an primary school in São Paulo who participated by filling out a Google Forms questionnaire. The findings revealed that the majority of participating teachers had undergone curriculum implementation training. While they considered the organization of disciplinary content to be similar to their previous teaching methods, they struggled with implementing inquiry-based teaching strategies and linking scientific content to the United Nation Foundation 2030 sustainable development goals. [For the full proceedings, see ED629086.]

As imperceptible as it is, mathematics is fundamental and is present on several occasions in our daily lives, but among 65 countries Brazil still ranks 53rd in education. The lack of investment in primary education has affected students learning since the early years. From this perspective, this paper proposed to verify teaching/learning in mathematics discipline for elementary school students through playful games, a fun method that can be used at various times and aims to review and fix the content in a practical way and interactive. For this, a game named "Mathematical rods" was elaborated a renewal of the hobby "Cat rods". The operations present in the game are simple, focused on basic mathematics and can still be adapted depending on the level of knowledge of the students. The game was applied to three groups of six 9th grade students of the State College Professor Izidoro Luiz Ceravolo, located in the city of Apucarana, Paraná in Brazil. Therefore, in addition to dynamic and creative, we conclude that this educational interpretation is easy and accessible, a tool that can be used in any public institution, contributing to the learning process of students. [For the complete proceedings, see ED631021.]

Due to the advance of technologies and the increase of their use around the world, it shows a need to include them in education, as tools that could help the current teaching methods. Taking into account that most English classes in Brazilian public schools have been happening in the same way for many years, and considering the importance of learning a foreign language in this new technological world scenario, the objective of this study, that is part of a Master Degree dissertation, is to understand the perception of Brazilian English teachers in relation to the use of games and digital technologies, in the practice of face to face and remote language teaching classes, in different educational environments. Based on the participation of English teachers in the research stages, it is possible to explore their experiences and points of view, directly related to the English teaching and the use of technologies and digital games. This research collected information through a focus group research method. In this way, it was possible to verify that teachers, together with technologies and digital games, are very important in the classroom and those are extremely important tools to be used in teaching, including English. It was also noticed that keeping learning and qualifications are very important for the updating and practice of teaching. In addition, it was possible to conclude that, through the planning of activities, visualizing the right moment to insert digital games and technologies in their classes, teachers have support tools in these, which will help to engage and motivate students in learning a new language. [For the full proceedings, see ED639391.]

The research presents the objective of analyzing the challenges and potentialities of teaching with the use of m-learning, in literacy classes during remote teaching caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, based on learning results regarding the appropriation of the writing system alphabetical. In view of the constant social and educational changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, in which social isolation became a security measure imposed to reduce the circulation of the virus, they led to the reconfiguration of educational spaces and the adoption of strategies for the continuation of formal education, as an alternative, emergency remote teaching was adopted. Remote teaching has driven changes in education, such as the use of mobile and wireless technologies, cell phones, tablets and notebooks, m-learning, to facilitate the teaching-learning process. A bibliometric review was carried out in order to study and explore the phenomenon with the identification of relevant scientific publications, which were obtained by applying quality and approach evaluation criteria, which showed scientific interest in m-learning and remote teaching. This is a qualitative research on the challenges and potential of using mobile learning with Brazilian children in literacy classes and is configured as an ethnographic case study. The locus of the research were two classes of the 1st year of Elementary School in a public school of the State Department of Education of the Federal District - SEEDF, Brazil, Brasília, Federal District, with a temporal cut of the 1st semester of 2021, having as research subjects 26 children of approximately 6 and 7 years old. The results indicate that despite the challenges faced, the data presented reveal that activities mediated by educational tools such as Google Classroom, Google Meet and the use of student interaction platforms such as the use of digital games and presentation of videos, music and stories interactive activities, among many other factors, demonstrates the potential of m-learning, with the appropriate interventions and pedagogical mediations, however, it is worth noting that access to the online teaching-learning process is still worrying, due to the difficulty of students accessing the internet and the lack of technological devices to monitor the educational proposals, such as computers or smartphones, and the formative weaknesses in relation to the use of TDIC's, therefore, teaching mediated by m-learning, can be considered as a modality of high potential, among other factors, if it is accessible to all. [For the full proceedings, see ED639391.]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the percentage of expenditure on public education of a country and the effect that each percentage mark has on the economic growth, and therefore Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. The goal of this paper is to explore how investment in education impacts the economic growth of a country through the production of more skilled workers in the workforce. This paper aims to draw a comparison between the BRICS countries, and a representative number of the countries in the European Union to compare the investment, process and product delivered through these groupings. By looking at the production function from a Marxist perspective it is inevitable to notice that the error coefficient is significantly higher within the BRICS countries than in the European Union, which is reflected in the rate of economic growth. This paper would be of interest to economists, education policy makers, researchers, and scholars.

The objective of this paper is to report the preliminary results of a telecollaborative project between a Brazilian university (UTFPR) and a Colombian university (Universidad de Pamplona) that both offer a Licentiate degree in English. The project had two purposes: a pedagogical one to show student-teachers how they can develop their communication skills in English in a collaborative way by sharing information with other student-teachers from a different culture, and a technological one to put future teachers in contact with some technological tools. The paper is divided into three parts: (1) a brief description of the context and the participants; (2) the project itself -- the first steps, the objectives, and the tasks; and (3) the Brazilian view of the whole process/project as well as the students' feedback. [For the complete proceedings, see ED600837.]

Since 1987, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra (FMUC) has been engaged in mobility programs, making efforts to encourage and support the internationalization of its students. Mobility programs are designed to strengthen the dimension and quality of the Higher Education, to encourage transnational cooperation between Universities, to improve transparency and academic recognition of studies and qualifications. The objective of this paper is to present a report on the evolution of mobility of the FMUC undergraduate students in the period between 2009 and 2019. A descriptive report was carried out. During this last decade, the FMUC has dealt with mobility applications from 1,500 incoming and 1,350 outgoing students to attend both classes and clinical traineeships as part of their Master's Degrees in Medicine. In the academic year 2015-2016 there was an increase in the number of applications, coinciding with the introduction of clinical internships in hospitals. The top countries where the FMUC sent students (538); and from where it received students (978) were, Italy, Spain and Brazil. In Portugal, the FMUC is one of the main medical schools with the largest number of students attending mobility programs, which has contributed to fostering the internationalization of undergraduate medical students' training. [For the full proceedings, see ED626585.]

Pandemic has changed the way education has taken place in Brazil, which has occurred remotely. The classes have been taught in the public network especially through lives or WhatsApp. In this paper, the way in which the training activities of the supervised internship and the Pedagogical Residency in the teaching of Physics in schools took place will be addressed. As a result, the abundant use of new information and communication technologies was verified. Resources and methodologies such as digital platforms, simulators, gamification, among others, were used by pre-service teachers during supervised internship and/or Pedagogical Residency activities. With this, pre-service teachers were able to immerse themselves in the current school reality, better understanding how teaching has occurred in this period and to propose activities that could help to improve the quality of teaching offered in basic education schools and in the recycling of in-service teachers, as well as in the motivation of students, too. [For the full proceedings, see ED620289.]

Sentiment Analysis is a field of Natural Language Processing which aims at classifying the author's sentiment in text. This paper first describes a sentiment analysis model for students' comments about professor performance. The model achieved impressive results for comments collected from student surveys conducted at a private university in 2019/20. Then, it applies the model to different scenarios: (1) in-person classes taught in 2019 (pre-COVID); (2) the emergency shift to online, synchronous classes taught in the first semester of 2020 (early-COVID); and (3) the planned online classes taught in the second semester of 2020 (late-COVID). The results show that students acknowledged the effort professors did to keep classes running during the first semester of 2020, and that the enthusiasm continued throughout the second semester. Furthermore, the results show that students evaluated professors' performance for online courses better than for in-person courses. [For the full proceedings, see ED615472.]

This paper aims to identify limitations and opportunities for using live streaming for distance learning classes in a course offered at a Brazilian public university. The number of videos on social networks in different fields and about various topics increases each year. Real-time classes are also increasingly being used in distance learning courses. Live streaming through YouTube enables an interactive experience because it allows for images, videos, music, and screenshots to be used during the broadcast. This enhances the experience and interaction between the spectator and presenter and enables real-time discussions. A distance learning course was offered in the first semester of 2019 (between May and July) to foster discussions about pedagogical architectures for the construction of digital competences in Distance Learning (DL). During the course, six classes were live-streamed and broadcast via YouTube. There was one class per week, lasting an average of 40 minutes each and covering distinct topics. This is a qualitative case study with 14 subjects between the ages of 35 and 64. They were primarily female and mainly their mobile devices to watch the classes. Different types of data collection instruments were applied including an online questionnaire and YouTube video platform metrics. The students reported that the classes were essential for interaction and helped to answer their questions due to real-time feedback, which qualifies the teaching and learning processes. The metrics from the YouTube platform revealed that the videos were watched mainly in Brazil and the United States, with over 1,500 views so far, 10% of which had live interactions through chat. This example shows both the range and engagement of students with the live streamed classes as well as the possibilities for interaction. Therefore, live-streamed classes are important for DL courses and should be integrated in planning in order to contribute to the distance learning process. [For full proceedings, see ED621941.]

Homeschooling is an alternative method of teaching where parents take the responsibility of education and teach their children at home. This method of education is increasing worldwide. Various authorities around the world have taken note of this trend and recognized homeschooling as an alternative method of education in their legislation. The paper examines the educational policy and practice of homeschooling in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) through a literature study, with the aim of comparing the five countries to hit. It also looks at what the BRICS countries can learn from each other regarding homeschooling. Most of the BRICS countries have education law that does not provide for homeschooling. In the countries where homeownership is legal, there are strict requirements that must be met. These requirements place a heavy burden on home school parents. However, it is clear from the investigation that homeschooling is increasing in the BRICS countries legally and illegally. There are also other similarities arising from the study.

In this paper, we discuss the impacts of the pandemic generated by COVID-19 on Brazilian Higher Education, specifically at a State University of Bahia, Brazil. To do so, we present a brief contextualization of the progress of the pandemic in Brazil, in the state of Bahia and in the region where the University is located. We also present the laws and regulations elaborated by different governmental bodies, especially the Ministry of Education, for the continuation of classes, in face-to-face undergraduate courses, by remote means. Despite the initial emphasis of these regulations on the use of Digital Information and Communication Technologies, later there was a flexibility regarding the means for offering the remote classes. As for the case of the University discussed here, the continuation of undergraduate courses' classes interrupted by the pandemic, via the Emergency Remote Education, was approved on July 9th. We focus specifically on the outline of the student digital inclusion program, which provides scholarships for the acquisition of equipment, internet services and transportation. The results show that the resources allocated to this plan are insufficient, given the socioeconomic low-profile of the students. In addition, many of them live in locations with insufficient or no internet available, as well as are working and/or taking care of people full-time during the pandemic. Thus, the guarantee of access of students to the Emergency Remote Education, as well as the quality of this Education, may not be ensured through this plan. [For "NORDSCI International Conference Proceedings (Online, October 12-14, 2020). Book 1. Volume 3," see ED616185.]

The present work is the report of an intern, who through the theme: "Drugs" shows the importance of the use of didactic sequence in the teaching of chemistry for the construction of concepts. The content was applied in classes of the 3rd year of high school, in a public school, in the city of Apucarana - PR. In this sense, the main types of drugs known in daily life were contextualized, soon after the properties of organic compounds and nitrogen compounds have been addressed. The relationships established through the theme resulted in a greater interest of the students in the didactic content, since it was possible to see practical results. Some did not know much about the chemical composition of the drugs, others even had contact, or knew someone who has already used some substance. The theme is part of the day-to-day and in this way, they were able to build and develop critical thinking at the end of the process. [For the complete proceedings, see ED631021.]

Brazil is a country that does not invest enough in basic education, thus leaving a gap in the knowledge of young people studying in public schools and jeopardizing their future. One of the main ways to get into college in Brazil is through the National High School Exam (ENEM), a multiple-choice test administered by the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research. In the project: Popular Course: a preparation for ENEM, students from the Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Apucarana campus volunteered to offer online tutoring of basic content in: biology, physics, geography, history, mathematics and chemistry, from Monday to Friday, during thirteen weeks. The main objective of these virtual meetings was to help interested students enrolled in the program to prepare for ENEM, in a dynamic and freeway. The volunteers were free to use the means they considered most appropriate for each content, from online physics experiments to game-based learning platforms, which contributed positively to the learning of the students enrolled in the project and consequently to a better performance in the tests. [For the complete proceedings, see ED631021.]

Logical reasoning is very important in the child's development, increasing their performance in learning as a whole, improving their concentration and decision-making when solving problems. The introduction of this tool and stimulus from the first years of education is necessary for children to grow up with a broad and more critical view, being able to argue, create, express and assimilate everyday situations. This work was developed in accordance with the needs found in the "Lar Sagrada Família" shelter located in the city of Apucarana, Paraná, where we could observe that the stimulus for this skill, even though it is a fundamental tool for the children housed there, was not being properly addressed. Educational games adapted to each age were made so that children could learn by playing. At the beginning, there was a difficulty in arousing the interest of those involved, as they are needy children and just wanted affection and attention. Over time, with the carrying out of the activities, it was possible to verify a great advance in concentration, evolution in interest, and also, expectations were generated for the next day. The work resulted in the children's cognitive development in a more logical way, contributing to their personal and social growth. [For the complete proceedings, see ED631021.]

Various internal and external determinants influence an education system. External determinants include language, demographics, geography, technology, politics, and financial and economic trends. Religion is also one of these external determinants that can influence an education system, as well as the education systems of the. The BRICS member countries consist of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The BRICS member countries are one of the most organized and supportive international cooperation organizations that currently exist. Religion is considered a controversial and sensitive topic. This research aimed to determine how religion as an external determinant influences the education systems of the BRICS member countries. The study focused on the differences and similarities that can be identified based on religion as an external determinant of the various education systems in the BRICS member countries. The BRICS member countries were deliberately chosen for this study because each member state is considered a secular country in terms of religion, yet each member state treats religion differently in their country. The comparative method was used during this study to identify the best practices from the BRICS member countries. The interpretive research paradigm was used during this study using the qualitative research approach. The document analysis was used during the study to analyse the content of policies, legislation, articles, and government publications using content analysis to be able to identify themes to be able to perform the comparison between the different education systems of the BRICS member countries. The findings from this study are as follows: Religion as an external determinant of an education system does have a significant influence on the education systems of the various BRICS member countries. It is very important to observe and describe these findings from the context of the various member states. [For the complete Volume 20 proceedings, see ED622631.]