301 results
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2. Transforming Psychological Worldviews to Confront Climate Change: A Clearer Vision, a Different Path. By F. Stephan Mayer. Oakland: University of California Press, 2019. xxiv + 214 pp. Illustrations, tables, graphs, bibliography, and index. Cloth $85.00, paper $29.95, e-book $29.95
- Author
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Diego Thompson
- Subjects
History ,Index (economics) ,Path (graph theory) ,Bibliography ,Art history ,Climate change ,Sociology ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2019
3. Navigating climate change: migration challenges in Southeast Asia
- Author
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Saha, Pravati
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Planning for Rural Resilience-Coping with Climate Change and Energy Futures edited by Wayne J.Caldwell, University of Manitoba Press, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 2015, 165 pp., paper $27.95 (ISBN 978-0887557804)
- Author
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Lorelei L. Hanson
- Subjects
Coping (psychology) ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Climate change ,Environmental ethics ,Sociology ,Futures contract ,Earth-Surface Processes - Published
- 2016
5. Exploring the Cognitive Foundations of Managerial (Climate) Change Decisions
- Author
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Belinda Wade and Andrew Griffiths
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Original Paper ,Multilevel model ,Climate change ,Cognition ,Sensemaking ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Action (philosophy) ,Sustainability ,Cognitive framing ,Scientific consensus ,Sociology ,Business and International Management ,Business ethics ,Positive economics ,Law ,Managerial interpretation - Abstract
Climate change is a complex, multilevel challenge with implications of failure unimaginable for current and future generations. However, despite the Paris Agreement supporting the imperative for action in an atmosphere of scientific consensus, organisations are failing to take the decisive action required. We argue that this lack of organisational action needs to be addressed by examining the cognitive foundations of managerial decisions on climate change and sustainability. A systematic review of research on cognition, sensemaking and managerial interpretation where it is linked to climate change or sustainability is presented within this article. The results detail a multilevel analysis highlighting key themes and the core concepts from the literature including factors shaping the cognitive process, to elucidate reasons for inaction and potential for promoting change. Through this research, an integrated model is presented demonstrating the interaction of factors, cognitive processes and outcomes. Based on this analysis, potential reasons for inaction are proposed and countered by three potential solutions linked to leadership, social norms and structural reform.
- Published
- 2021
6. Flight, Climate Change, and Dangerous Times for Art and Pedagogy
- Author
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Andrew Denton and Andrew Gibbons
- Subjects
Education theory ,Research methodology ,Pedagogy ,Educational technology ,Climate change ,Sociology ,Philosophy of education ,Teacher education ,Education ,Digital paper - Abstract
In his last book Chaosmosis, Felix Guattari (1995, p. 129) argues that both “intellectuals and artists have got nothing to teach anyone,” and that they produce “toolkits composed of concepts, percepts and affects, which diverse publics will use at their convenience.” In this video presentation and accompanying article, the authors explore Guattari’s claim as a provocation for visual pedagogy and play with the idea that an artist might have nothing to teach anyone in relation to the idea of visual pedagogies. And, then, what happens when an artist and a teacher talk about visual pedagogies? To open up a dialogue, they employ the cliché, ‘I don’t know much about art but I know what I like’. This statement invites thoughts on the tensions between truth-telling, disciplinarity, and affect. Here the authors take the cliché a step further within the context of visual pedagogies and meaning making. They position this dialogue with the cinematic art work, Flight (2018), which aims to give the viewer a different sensation of the world, to render the familiar unfamiliar, and to let things be (Roder & Sturm, 2017), in order to think differently.
- Published
- 2020
7. Resilience from the ground up: how are local resilience perceptions and global frameworks aligned?
- Author
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Mamadou Touré, John G. McPeak, Yacouba Deme, Daouda Cissé, Bara Gueye, Emilie Beauchamp, Jennifer Abdella, Hannah Patnaik, Susannah Fisher, Aly Bocoum, Papa Koulibaly, and Momath Ndao
- Subjects
Paper ,Internationality ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Climate Change ,media_common.quotation_subject ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Climate change ,Disaster Planning ,climate adaptation ,Social Welfare ,02 engineering and technology ,Mali ,01 natural sciences ,Proxy (climate) ,Sahel ,Perception ,Humans ,Sociology ,Natural disaster ,resilience ,Environmental planning ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Food security ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS ,General Social Sciences ,food security ,Resilience, Psychological ,Climate resilience ,Senegal ,subjective indicators ,well‐being ,Papers ,Well-being ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences - Abstract
Numerous resilience measurement frameworks for climate programmes have emerged over the past decade to operationalise the concept and aggregate results within and between programmes. Proxies of resilience, including subjective measures using perception data, have been proposed to measure resilience, but there is limited evidence on their validity and use for policy and practice. This article draws on research on the Decentralising Climate Funds project of the Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters programme, which supports communities in Mali and Senegal to improve climate resilience through locally controlled adaptation funds. It explores attributes of resilience from this bottom‐up perspective to assess its predictors and alignment with food security, as a proxy of well‐being. We find different patterns when comparing resilience and the well‐being proxy, illustrating that the interplay between the two is still unclear. Results also point to the importance of contextualising resilience, raising implications for aggregating results.
- Published
- 2019
8. Building resilience by challenging social norms: integrating a transformative approach within the BRACED consortia
- Author
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Camilla Audia, Chesney McOmber, and Frances Crowley
- Subjects
Male ,Paper ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Disaster Planning ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,BRACED (Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters) ,Component (UML) ,Phenomenon ,Burkina Faso ,Social Norms ,gender ,Humans ,Sociology ,gender transformative approach ,Resilience (network) ,Adaptation (computer science) ,resilience ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Desk ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,business.industry ,transformation ,Multitude ,General Social Sciences ,Flexibility (personality) ,Gender Identity ,Public relations ,Resilience, Psychological ,Transformative learning ,climate change ,Papers ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Female ,Ethiopia ,business - Abstract
Resilience is a complex phenomenon whereby a multitude of social and environmental factors, including gender, combine to shape the ways that shocks affect people. Looking at two BRACED (Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters) projects, in Burkina Faso and in Ethiopia, this article uses a desk review and primary data from partners and people at risk to explore how a gender-transformative approach can be an integral part of resilience-building projects, particularly those implemented by multi-stakeholder consortia. It also suggests ways to incorporate a stronger gender component in similar future projects. The article argues that donors and programme managers must provide clear principles and guidelines for achieving gender equity within resilience-building efforts. However, these must allow flexibility to adapt to norms, needs and resources as determined by implementing partners. The right balance can be achieved by facilitating spaces for individual and collective goal-setting; assessing current capacity and trajectories; and lesson-sharing as an iterative process for institutional learning.
- Published
- 2019
9. The Normative Orientations of Climate Scientists
- Author
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Dennis Bray and Hans von Storch
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Climate ,Climate Change ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Science ethics ,Climate scientists ,Climate science ,050905 science studies ,Health(social science) ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,ddc:551 ,Social Norms ,Humans ,Sociology ,Positive economics ,Communism ,Universalism ,Skepticism ,media_common ,Structure (mathematical logic) ,Original Paper ,Philosophy of science ,Research ,Health Policy ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Research Personnel ,Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,Attitude ,Property rights ,Law ,Normative ,0509 other social sciences ,Merton’s CUDOs ,0503 education - Abstract
In 1942 Robert K. Merton tried to demonstrate the structure of the normative system of science by specifying the norms that characterized it. The norms were assigned the abbreviation CUDOs: Communism, Universalism, Disinterestedness, and Organized skepticism. Using the results of an on-line survey of climate scientists concerning the norms of science, this paper explores the climate scientists’ subscription to these norms. The data suggests that while Merton’s CUDOs remain the overall guiding moral principles, they are not fully endorsed or present in the conduct of climate scientists: there is a tendency to withhold results until publication, there is the intention of maintaining property rights, there is external influence defining research and the tendency to assign the significance of authored work according to the status of the author rather than content of the paper. These are contrary to the norms of science as proposed by Robert K. Merton.
- Published
- 2014
10. The (Re-)Emergence and Spread of Viral Zoonotic Disease: A Perfect Storm of Human Ingenuity and Stupidity.
- Author
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Marie, Veronna and Gordon, Michelle L.
- Subjects
- *
ZOONOSES , *VIRUS diseases , *VIRAL transmission , *WILD animal trade , *SOCIAL perception - Abstract
Diseases that are transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans are referred to as zoonotic diseases. Although microbial agents such as bacteria and parasites are linked to zoonotic events, viruses account for a high percentage of zoonotic diseases that have emerged. Worryingly, the 21st century has seen a drastic increase in the emergence and re-emergence of viral zoonotic disease. Even though humans and animals have coexisted for millennia, anthropogenic factors have severely increased interactions between the two populations, thereby increasing the risk of disease spill-over. While drivers such as climate shifts, land exploitation and wildlife trade can directly affect the (re-)emergence of viral zoonotic disease, globalisation, geopolitics and social perceptions can directly facilitate the spread of these (re-)emerging diseases. This opinion paper discusses the "intelligent" nature of viruses and their exploitation of the anthropogenic factors driving the (re-)emergence and spread of viral zoonotic disease in a modernised and connected world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The Fundamental Principles of Social Sciences
- Author
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Medani P. Bhandari
- Subjects
fundamental principles of social sciences ,anthropology ,sociology ,psychology ,economics ,political science ,geography ,history ,communication studies ,theory of governance ,the theory of governmentality ,network theory ,environmentalism theory ,climate change ,research methods ,Business ,HF5001-6182 - Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the fundamental principles of social sciences, encompassing a wide range of academic disciplines dedicated to studying human society and human relationships. Drawing from the author's understanding of social sciences, it offers a comprehensive examination of key concepts and highlights the significance of social science theories and practices. The paper begins by elucidating the definitions of social sciences, emphasizing their interdisciplinary nature and their focus on understanding societal dynamics. It explores the contributions of major thinkers in the field of social sciences, showcasing their intellectual impact and influential ideas. Furthermore, it presents a selection of notable social science thinkers from the 21st century, illustrating the ongoing evolution of the discipline. A core aspect of the paper focuses on the significant role of social scientists in contributing to societal development. It explores their diverse areas of expertise and the application of their research findings to address social issues and shape public policies. Additionally, the paper delves into the main theories and theoretical developments within social sciences, including the theory of governance, governmentality, network theory, and environmentalism. It specifically addresses the intersection of social sciences with climate change, highlighting the unique challenges and perspectives offered by this field. Sustainable development emerges as a prominent discipline within social sciences, with its emphasis on balancing economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. The paper explores its relevance in addressing pressing global challenges. Moreover, it examines the emergence of new theories and practices within social sciences, presenting a glimpse of the evolving landscape of research and scholarship. Considering the future direction of social science research and practices, the paper offers insights into potential areas of exploration and the evolving nature of research methodologies. It addresses key research questions, such as what, why, how, when, where, and for whom, providing a framework for comprehensive inquiry. This paper provides a broad overview of social sciences, elucidating key principles, theories, and notable contributions to societal development. By examining the past and present, it also outlines the potential future trajectory of social science research and practices, shedding light on the significance and relevance of this dynamic field.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. СОЦИОЛОГИЈА И КЛИМАТСКЕ ПРОМЕНЕ.
- Author
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Милтојевић, Весна Д. and Илић Крстић, Ивана Љ.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,SOCIOLOGICAL research ,AGRICULTURAL research ,CLIMATE change skepticism ,NECESSITY (Philosophy) - Abstract
Copyright of Socioloski Pregled is the property of Srpsko Sociolosko Drustvo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The contribution of assets to adaptation to extreme temperatures among older adults.
- Author
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Nunes, Ana Raquel
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE change , *SOCIAL networks , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *DISEASES in older people , *POVERTY - Abstract
Background: Climate change and extreme temperatures pose increasing challenges to individuals and their health with older adults being one of the most vulnerable groups. The aim of this paper is to better understand the roles that tangible assets (e.g., physical or financial) and intangible assets (e.g., human or social) play in the way older adults adapt to extreme temperatures, the types of adaptive responses they implement, limits and constraints, as well opportunities for better adaptation. Rather than focusing exclusively on extremes of heat, or considering each type of asset in isolation, the important and novel contribution of this paper is to take an integrated and multi-seasonal qualitative and quantitative approach, that conjointly investigates all categories of assets in relation to the adaptations that independently-living older adults make to both extreme heat and extreme cold. Methods and findings: The paper examines the contribution of assets to adaptation to extreme temperatures among older adults living independently in their homes. An innovative mixed methods study with an inter-seasonal approach was implemented in Lisbon, Portugal with interviews and surveys during summer for extreme heat and winter for extreme cold. The ability of participants to adapt to extreme temperatures was found to be dependent on asset context and diversity, and the dynamics through which extreme temperatures enhanced or reduced the stock of assets available. As a result, participants engaged in activities of assets replacement, exchange or substitutions. Despite this, many participants recognised many constraints and limits to their ability to adapt and protect their health and well-being ranging from reduced income, high energy costs and lack of social networks. Opportunities for improving older adults’ adaptation were found to exist and strategies, action and investment have been identified by older adults which included life-long education, incentives to improve insulation and local activities. Conclusions: The paper suggests that the implementation of the proposed asset-based approach linking assets and adaptation to extreme temperatures, illustrates the key pathway that individuals, their families and carers, governments, policymakers, researchers and practitioners can follow to ensure effective adaptation and promote health and well-being. Supporting older adults’ adaptation to extreme temperatures is possible and can be complemented with efforts to reduce older adults’ vulnerability and building resilience to extreme temperatures. These findings pose concrete implications for policy and practice, including for example the need for implementation of measures and actions to reduce poverty, reduce energy costs, improve the quality of the housing stock and improve older adults’ social networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Sociology and climate change
- Author
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Miltojević Vesna D. and Ilić-Krstić Ivana Lj.
- Subjects
research fields ,climate change ,multidisciplinarity ,sociology ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
This paper showcases the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to the examination of causes and effects of climate change, particularly the necessity of greater involvement of sociologists in the investigation of the causes and the offering of solutions to mitigate the effects. Accepting the view that present-day climate change is socially conditioned, the discussion relies on the assumption that climate change has indeed found its place in sociological research, only not to a sufficient extent. Based on the review of available literature, it was determined that the study of climate change was triggered by social ecologists and that climate change became a full-fledged subject of theoretical considerations and investigations into specific causes and effects. Since agriculture is one of the causes of climate change, the paper emphasizes the necessity of sociological research of the agricultural sector and its relation to climate change and proposes other potential research fields.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Debating sociology and climate change.
- Author
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Bhatasara, Sandra
- Subjects
- *
SOCIOLOGY education , *CLIMATE change , *SOCIAL problems , *SOCIOLOGISTS , *PHYSICAL sciences - Abstract
This paper deals with the role of sociology in climate change research and policies. Climate change can be regarded as one of the greatest challenges facing the world today. It has attracted attention from several disciplines, with the physical sciences regarded as dominating climate change research. Apparently, despite that climate change is inherently a social problem, sociologists have been slow in tackling it, at both theoretical and policy levels. Even so, available literature contains assorted and interesting sociological contributions and insights. As such, this paper posits that sociologists are interested in climate change issues, have a lot to offer and they can draw from a number of sub-fields. For instance, using sociology of sustainable consumption sociologists can tackle how societies can re-organise consumption patterns and habits, sociology of education provokes more intriguing research into the construction of climate change science, knowledge and solutions and feminist sociology can extend robust research into how the material and discursive dimensions of climate change are profoundly gendered. Importantly, critical sociology provides a repertoire of concepts and novel methods that can be deployed in climate change research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Freiligrath’s Gift: A Marxian Roadmap for the Climate Crisis
- Author
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Fisher, Ryan Joseph
- Subjects
Sociology ,Political science ,Climate change ,Capitalism ,Climate Crisis ,Commons ,Ecological Law ,Marxian Dialectics ,Marxism - Abstract
The “very gist, the living soul, of Marxism” (per Lenin) is a concrete analysis of a concrete situation. Such a situation is the climate crisis: an exigent issue for humankind and nature. No longer the exclusive purview of scientists, it has emerged into the mainstream media, political debate, and real lives of those suffering periodic climatic catastrophes: the climate crisis is a labyrinthine global threat. It straddles capital, value, production, class, corporate power, geopolitics, and diplomacy. This paper provides a synthesis of certain writings by Karl Marx over 1844–75 (including his articulation of the public trust doctrine), several contemporary theorists in the Marxian tradition, and other radical voices as they relate to the climate crisis. It also features cameo appearances by topical literary figures, including Marx’s friend Ferdinand Freiligrath, whose serendipitous gift of G.W.F. Hegel’s Logic enhanced Marx’s draft manuscript Grundrisse and subsequent Captial. The paper argues that Marxian dialectics—with its dimensions of philosophy of internal relations, process of abstraction, and dialectical laws—is an appropriate tool for analyzing the climate crisis, particularly in light of the exigency’s interconnectedness. Frederick Engels—who defines dialectics as “the science of universal inter-connection”—writes, “[Marx] was the first to have brought to the fore again the forgotten dialectical method, its connection with Hegelian dialectics and its distinction from the latter, and at the same time to have applied this method.” The subject of dialectics, according to Bertell Ollman, is “change, all change, and interaction, all kinds and degrees of interaction” and the key problem addressed by dialectics is how to “think about change and interaction so as not to miss or distort the real changes and interactions that we know, in a general way at least, are there.” And, as John Berger writes, “Never before has the devastation caused by the pursuit of profit, as defined by capitalism, been more extensive than it is today. Almost everybody knows this. How then is it possible not to heed Marx who prophesied and analyzed the devastation?”
- Published
- 2020
17. The Fundamental Principles of Social Sciences
- Author
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Bhandari, M.P.
- Subjects
фундаментальні принципи соціальних наук ,економіка ,environmentalism theory ,психологія ,psychology ,зміна клімату ,geography ,теорія мереж ,fundamental principles of social sciences ,network theory ,he theory of governmentality ,research methods ,теорія управління ,anthropology ,теорія урядування ,heory of governance ,sociology ,комунікативні дослідження ,антропологія ,соціологія ,методи дослідження ,політологія ,economics ,історія ,climate change ,географія ,political science ,history ,теорія екологізму ,communication studies - Abstract
Ця стаття містить огляд фундаментальних принципів соціальних наук, що охоплює широкий спектр навчальних дисциплін, присвячених вивченню людського суспільства та людських стосунків. Спираючись на розуміння автором соціальних наук, він пропонує комплексний аналіз ключових концепцій і підкреслює значення теорій і практики соціальних наук. Стаття починається з роз’яснення визначень соціальних наук, підкреслюючи їх міждисциплінарний характер і зосередженість на розумінні суспільної динаміки. Він досліджує внесок провідних мислителів у галузі соціальних наук, демонструючи їхній інтелектуальний вплив та впливові ідеї. Крім того, він представляє добірку видатних мислителів соціальних наук 21 століття, що ілюструє постійну еволюцію дисципліни. Основний аспект статті зосереджений на значній ролі соціологів у внеску в розвиток суспільства. Він досліджує їх різноманітні сфери знань і застосування їх результатів досліджень для вирішення соціальних проблем і формування державної політики. Крім того, у статті розглядаються основні теорії та теоретичні розробки в соціальних науках, включаючи теорію управління, урядування, теорію мереж і захист навколишнього середовища. Він конкретно стосується перетину соціальних наук із зміною клімату, підкреслюючи унікальні виклики та перспективи, які пропонує ця сфера. Сталий розвиток стає визначною дисципліною в соціальних науках, з акцентом на збалансованість економічного зростання, соціальної справедливості та захисту навколишнього середовища. У статті досліджується його актуальність у вирішенні нагальних глобальних викликів. Крім того, він розглядає появу нових теорій і практик у соціальних науках, представляючи проблиск дослідницької та наукової сфери, що розвивається. З огляду на майбутній напрям досліджень і практики соціальних наук, стаття пропонує уявлення про потенційні сфери дослідження та еволюцію дослідницьких методологій. Він розглядає ключові дослідницькі питання, такі як що, чому, як, коли, де та для кого, створюючи основу для комплексного дослідження. Ця стаття містить широкий огляд соціальних наук, пояснюючи ключові принципи, теорії та помітний внесок у суспільний розвиток. Досліджуючи минуле та сьогодення, він також окреслює потенційну майбутню траєкторію досліджень і практики соціальних наук, This paper provides an overview of the fundamental principles of social sciences, encompassing a wide range of academic disciplines dedicated to studying human society and human relationships. Drawing from the author’s understanding of social sciences, it offers a comprehensive examination of key concepts and highlights the significance of social science theories and practices. The paper begins by elucidating the definitions of social sciences, emphasizing their interdisciplinary nature and their focus on understanding societal dynamics. It explores the contributions of major thinkers in the field of social sciences, showcasing their intellectual impact and influential ideas. Furthermore, it presents a selection of notable social science thinkers from the 21st century, illustrating the ongoing evolution of the discipline. A core aspect of the paper focuses on the significant role of social scientists in contributing to societal development. It explores their diverse areas of expertise and the application of their research findings to address social issues and shape public policies. Additionally, the paper delves into the main theories and theoretical developments within social sciences, including the theory of governance, governmentality, network theory, and environmentalism. It specifically addresses the intersection of social sciences with climate change, highlighting the unique challenges and perspectives offered by this field. Sustainable development emerges as a prominent discipline within social sciences, with its emphasis on balancing economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. The paper explores its relevance in addressing pressing global challenges. Moreover, it examines the emergence of new theories and practices within social sciences, presenting a glimpse of the evolving landscape of research and scholarship. Considering the future direction of social science research and practices, the paper offers insights into potential areas of exploration and the evolving nature of research methodologies. It addresses key research questions, such as what, why, how, when, where, and for whom, providing a framework for comprehensive inquiry. This paper provides a broad overview of social sciences, elucidating key principles, theories, and notable contributions to societal development. By examining the past and present, it also outlines the potential future trajectory of social science research and practices, shedding light on the significance and relevance of this dynamic field.
- Published
- 2023
18. A scalable machine learning approach for measuring violent and peaceful forms of political protest participation with social media data.
- Author
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Anastasopoulos, Lefteris Jason and Williams, Jake Ryland
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL participation , *SOCIAL participation , *OPEN source software , *SOCIAL media , *PUBLIC demonstrations , *MACHINE learning - Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a scalable machine learning approach accompanied by open-source software for identifying violent and peaceful forms of political protest participation using social media data. While violent political protests are statistically rare events, they often shape public perceptions of political and social movements. This is, in part, due to the extensive and disproportionate media coverage which violent protest participation receives relative to peaceful protest participation. In the past, when a small number of media conglomerates served as the primary information source for learning about political and social movements, viewership and advertiser demands encouraged news organizations to focus on violent forms of political protest participation. Consequently, much of our knowledge about political protest participation is derived from data collected about violent protests, while less is known about peaceful forms of protest. Since the early 2000s, the digital revolution shifted attention away from traditional news sources toward social media as a primary source of information about current events. This, along with developments in machine learning which allow us to collect and analyze data relevant to political participation, present us with unique opportunities to expand our knowledge of peaceful and violent forms of political protest participation through social media data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Regional paleoclimates and local consequences: Integrating GIS analysis of diachronic settlement patterns and process-based agroecosystem modeling of potential agricultural productivity in Provence (France).
- Author
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Contreras, Daniel A., Hiriart, Eneko, Bondeau, Alberte, Kirman, Alan, Guiot, Joël, Bernard, Loup, Suarez, Romain, and Van Der Leeuw, Sander
- Subjects
- *
AGRICULTURAL ecology , *AGRICULTURAL productivity , *GEOLOGICAL basins , *PALEOCLIMATOLOGY , *GEOGRAPHIC information systems - Abstract
Holocene climate variability in the Mediterranean Basin is often cited as a potential driver of societal change, but the mechanisms of this putative influence are generally little explored. In this paper we integrate two tools–agro-ecosystem modeling of potential agricultural yields and spatial analysis of archaeological settlement pattern data–in order to examine the human consequences of past climatic changes. Focusing on a case study in Provence (France), we adapt an agro-ecosystem model to the modeling of potential agricultural productivity during the Holocene. Calibrating this model for past crops and agricultural practices and using a downscaling approach to produce high spatiotemporal resolution paleoclimate data from a Mediterranean Holocene climate reconstruction, we estimate realistic potential agricultural yields under past climatic conditions. These serve as the basis for spatial analysis of archaeological settlement patterns, in which we examine the changing relationship over time between agricultural productivity and settlement location. Using potential agricultural productivity (PAgP) as a measure of the human consequences of climate changes, we focus on the relative magnitudes of 1) climate-driven shifts in PAgP and 2) the potential increases in productivity realizable through agricultural intensification. Together these offer a means of assessing the scale and mechanisms of the vulnerability and resilience of Holocene inhabitants of Provence to climate change. Our results suggest that settlement patterns were closely tied to PAgP throughout most of the Holocene, with the notable exception of the period from the Middle Bronze Age through the Early Iron Age. This pattern does not appear to be linked to any climatically-driven changes in PAgP, and conversely the most salient changes in PAgP during the Holocene cannot be clearly linked to any changes in settlement pattern. We argue that this constitutes evidence that vulnerability and resilience to climate change are strongly dependent on societal variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Democratizing wildfire strategies. Do you realize what it means? Insights from a participatory process in the Montseny region (Catalonia, Spain).
- Author
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Otero, Iago, Castellnou, Marc, González, Itziar, Arilla, Etel, Castell, Llorenç, Castellví, Jordi, Sánchez, Francesc, and Nielsen, Jonas Ø.
- Subjects
- *
WILDFIRES , *COMMUNITY-based participatory research , *CLIMATE change , *SOCIAL values , *NETWORK analysis (Planning) - Abstract
Participatory planning networks made of government agencies, stakeholders, citizens and scientists are receiving attention as a potential pathway to build resilient landscapes in the face of increased wildfire impacts due to suppression policies and land-use and climate changes. A key challenge for these networks lies in incorporating local knowledge and social values about landscape into operational wildfire management strategies. As large wildfires overcome the suppression capacity of the fire departments, such strategies entail difficult decisions about intervention priorities among different regions, values and socioeconomic interests. Therefore there is increasing interest in developing tools that facilitate decision-making during emergencies. In this paper we present a method to democratize wildfire strategies by incorporating social values about landscape in both suppression and prevention planning. We do so by reporting and critically reflecting on the experience from a pilot participatory process conducted in a region of Catalonia (Spain). There, we built a network of researchers, practitioners and citizens across spatial and governance scales. We combined knowledge on expected wildfires, landscape co-valuation by relevant actors, and citizen participation sessions to design a wildfire strategy that minimized the loss of social values. Drawing on insights from political ecology and transformation science, we discuss what the attempt to democratize wildfire strategies entails in terms of power relationships and potential for social-ecological transformation. Based on our experience, we suggest a trade-off between current wildfire risk levels and democratic management in the fire-prone regions of many western countries. In turn, the political negotiation about the landscape effects of wildfire expert knowledge is shown as a potential transformation pathway towards lower risk landscapes that can re-define agency over landscape and foster community re-learning on fire. We conclude that democratizing wildfire strategies ultimately entails co-shaping the landscapes and societies of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Creative action research
- Author
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Nigel Deans, Sarah Fletcher, Tamara Plush, Leila Scannell, Robin S. Cox, Kiana Alexander, Laura Wright, Cheryl Heykoop, and Tiffany Hill
- Subjects
youth ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,05 social sciences ,Participatory action research ,Design thinking ,01 natural sciences ,social innovation ,disasters ,Education ,climate change ,design thinking ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_MISCELLANEOUS ,Creative action ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Engineering ethics ,Social innovation ,Sociology ,Action research ,arts-based methods ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Youth-Creative Action Research (Y-CAR) is a variant of participatory action research specifically suited for exploring and developing evidence-informed innovations to address complex social challenges such as climate change. In this paper, we present an overview of Y-CAR and explore its core defining features, potential for application in research and action, and connection to other action-oriented research methodologies. We draw on a range of examples of this emergent methodology that illustrates its evolution and core principles in action and show how it has been implemented in research. We conclude the paper by examining key learnings, future leverage points, and limitations to applying Y-CAR in practice.
- Published
- 2021
22. Reimagining climate‐informed development: From 'matters of fact' to 'matters of care'
- Author
-
Arianna Tozzi
- Subjects
Geography, Planning and Development ,Vulnerability ,Climate change ,Environmental ethics ,Sociology ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
This paper is concerned with the impasse climate‐informed development practices currently find themselves in. This is represented by the fact that while ‘solutions’ to reduce vulnerabilities and enhance capacities for adaptation and resilience are increasingly adopted around the world, we have enough evidence to suggest that strategies adopted ‘from above’ have been unable to engender transformations towards more just and liveable futures. Situating the paper within recent calls for a ‘post‐adaptation’ turn in the field, I propose a generative critique of climate‐informed development through the lens of care as a place from where to begin thinking and practicing development differently. The aim of this critique is not to not to discard or discredit development practices as necessarily tainted or flawed but to make them accountable to whole set of concerns and cares going into their stories of success or failures. Throughout the paper, I therefore speculatively ask the reader to think though the possibilities that may be opened when we chase threating climate‐informed development as neutral and undisputable ‘matters of fact’, engaging with them instead as necessary and non‐innocent ‘matters of care’. Thinking through a tryptic notion of ‘matters of care’, as at the same time a neglected doing necessary for the sustenance of life, an affective state, and an ethico‐politics, I look at examples from semi‐arid areas of India in order to give visibility to practices, relations, and emotions of care that have been marginalized by mainstream development circles. Through this shift in perception, a deeper understanding of vulnerability as a state of shared fragility emerges, one that grounds an ethico‐politics of climate‐informed development to concrete circumstances and becomes the foundation upon which more inclusive practices can be built upon.
- Published
- 2021
23. The Anthropocene Commons – A New Paradigm of Scale Variance: Commons Frameworks and Climate Change Theory
- Author
-
Parsa Aghel
- Subjects
Anthropocene ,Scale (social sciences) ,Agency (philosophy) ,Tragedy of the commons ,Climate change ,Environmental ethics ,Variance (accounting) ,Sociology ,Commons - Abstract
The term Anthropocene, denoting the era where human activity is the greatest influence on the environment and climate, marks a new era of climate change theory and understanding. This paper, though, looks at existing promising works surrounding the Anthropocene and argues that the dialogue lacks holistic conceptions of agency and spatial and temporal scale variance in order to fully grasp its complexity. Agency refers to the flawed understanding of the Anthropocene as simply human without consideration for other assemblages, which denotes the other stakeholders apart from humans. Temporal scale refers to the need for a varied consideration of time and the creation of assemblages. Spatial scale refers to the different levels of interaction (national, international, socioeconomic. This understanding of scales, or scale variance, relies on Derek Woods’ theory that multiple scalar levels are necessary to encapsulate the Anthropocene. This paper will approach scale variance by constructing the Anthropocene Commons model. The model, based its theoretical framework on Garrett Hardin’s Tragedy of the Commons on resource, will utilize the three levels of scale absent in other scholarship. The paper will examine other models used to address climate change and discuss their lack of the necessary scope and holistic framework and how their prescriptions for addressing climate catastrophe fall short. Using scale variance in the Anthropocene commons, then, will seek to correct it and offer a standardized but flexible framework to better address the ongoing and impending crisis.
- Published
- 2021
24. Imagining transformative futures: participatory foresight for food systems change.
- Author
-
Hebinck, Aniek, Vervoort, Joost M., Hebinck, Paul, Rutting, Lucas, and Galli, Francesca
- Subjects
- *
SOCIOLOGY , *FOOD supply , *COMMUNITY-based participatory research , *CLIMATE change , *ENVIRONMENTAL management - Abstract
Transformations inherently involve systems change and because of the political nature of change, are subject to contestation. A potentially effective strategy to further transformative change that builds on interdisciplinary, multiactor, and multiscalepractices and values is the use of foresight. Foresight covers a wide range of methods to systematically investigate the future. Foresight exercises offer collaborative spaces and have the potential to conceptualize and even initiate transformative change. But there is no clear understanding of the possibilities and limitations of foresight in this regard. This explorative paper builds on foresight and sociology and interrogates the role of foresight in transformative change, building on four cases. These cases are embedded in different contexts and characterized by different organizational approaches and constellations of actors. Nevertheless, they share the common goal of transformative food systems change. By reflecting on the processes that play a role in foresight workshops, we analyze what created conditions for transformative change in these four empirical cases. We have operationalized these conditions by distinguishing layers in the structuring processes that influence the impact of the foresight process. Based on this analysis, we conclude that there are three roles, ranging from modest to more ambitious, that foresight can play in transformative change: preconceptualization of change; offering an avenue for the creation of new actor networks; and creation of concrete strategies with a high chance of implementation. Furthermore, contributing to future design of foresight processes for transformative change, we offer some crucial points to consider before designing foresight processes. These include the role of leading change makers (including researchers), the risk of co-option by more regime-driven actors, and the ability to attract stakeholders to participate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Global trends of local ecological knowledge and future implications.
- Author
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Aswani, Shankar, Lemahieu, Anne, and Sauer, Warwick H. H.
- Subjects
- *
INDIGENOUS peoples , *BIODIVERSITY conservation , *ECONOMIC development , *THEORY of knowledge , *ECOLOGICAL resilience - Abstract
Local and indigenous knowledge is being transformed globally, particularly being eroded when pertaining to ecology. In many parts of the world, rural and indigenous communities are facing tremendous cultural, economic and environmental changes, which contribute to weaken their local knowledge base. In the face of profound and ongoing environmental changes, both cultural and biological diversity are likely to be severely impacted as well as local resilience capacities from this loss. In this global literature review, we analyse the drivers of various types of local and indigenous ecological knowledge transformation and assess the directionality of the reported change. Results of this analysis show a global impoverishment of local and indigenous knowledge with 77% of papers reporting the loss of knowledge driven by globalization, modernization, and market integration. The recording of this loss, however, is not symmetrical, with losses being recorded more strongly in medicinal and ethnobotanical knowledge. Persistence of knowledge (15% of the studies) occurred in studies where traditional practices were being maintained consiously and where hybrid knowledge was being produced as a resut of certain types of incentives created by economic development. This review provides some insights into local and indigenous ecological knowledge change, its causes and implications, and recommends venues for the development of replicable and comparative research. The larger implication of these results is that because of the interconnection between cultural and biological diversity, the loss of local and indigenous knowledge is likely to critically threaten effective conservation of biodiversity, particularly in community-based conservation local efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Re-scaling and Globalizing EU-Turkey Bilateral Relations in the Changing Global Political Landscape
- Author
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Emel PARLAR DAL, Samiratou DİPAMA, and PARLAR DAL E., Dipama S.
- Subjects
Social Sciences and Humanities ,Social Sciences (SOC) ,Sosyal Bilimler ve Beşeri Bilimler ,SOCIAL SCIENCES, GENERAL ,Trade & economics ,Political Science ,Uluslararası İlişkiler ,Scale Process ,Sociology ,Sustainable development ,Genel Sosyal Bilimler ,Uluslararas? ?li?kiler ,Climate change ,Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler ,Social Sciences & Humanities ,Sosyoloji ,INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ,Siyasi Bilimler ,General Social Sciences ,REFLECTIONS ,ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER ,economics ,Sosyal Bilimler Genel ,Scale ,Political Science and International Relations ,Sosyal Bilimler (SOC) ,IDENTITY ,Siyaset Bilimi ,Trade & - Abstract
By putting scale and (re)scaling at the center of its analysis, this paper aims to grasp the scalar process of EU-Turkey relations from historical, political and social perspectives. In doing so, this paper will first overview the existing theories on scale and re-scaling concerning their use in political geography and IR. The second task of this paper will be to examine the relevance of scale in EU relations from historical, political, and social perspectives. In the third part, as a first step, this paper investigates whether the EU and Turkey can redefine and reconstruct a new EU-Turkey space. As a second step, it assesses whether globalizing EU-Turkey relations is possible in new global policy areas such as climate change, sustainable development, and trade & economics.
- Published
- 2022
27. Justice in climate change adaptation planning: conceptual perspectives on emergent praxis
- Author
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Benedikt Schmid and Hartmut Fünfgeld
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Restructuring ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,lcsh:GA101-1776 ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,lcsh:G1-922 ,Climate change ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Economic Justice ,Politics ,lcsh:Cartography ,Sociology ,lcsh:Human ecology. Anthropogeography ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Environmental planning ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,media_common ,Global and Planetary Change ,Praxis ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Transformative learning ,Anthropology ,Normative ,lcsh:GF1-900 ,lcsh:Geography (General) - Abstract
The measures implemented to adapt to climate change are primarily designed to address the tangible, biophysical impacts of climate change in a given geographic area. They rarely consider the wider social implications of climate change, nor the politics of adaptation planning and its outcomes. Given the necessity of significant investment in adaptation over years to come, adaptation planning and implementation will need to place greater concern on justice-sensitive approaches to avoid exacerbating existing vulnerabilities and creating maladaptive and conflicting outcomes. Building on recent calls for more just and transformative adaptation planning, this paper offers a flexible analytical framework for integrating theories of justice and transformation into research on climate change adaptation. We discuss adaptation planning as an inherently normative and political process linked to issues pertaining to recognition justice as well as distributional and procedural aspects of justice. The paper aims to contribute to the growing discussion on just adaptation by intersecting theoretical justice dimensions with spatial, temporal and socio-political challenges and choices that arise as part of adaptation planning processes. A focus on justice-sensitive adaptation planning not only provides opportunities for examining spatial as well as temporal justice issues in relation to planning and decision-making processes. It also paves the way for a more critical approach to adaptation planning that acknowledges the need for institutional restructuring and offers steps towards alternative futures under climate change conditions.
- Published
- 2020
28. Adapting to Climate Change at the National Level in St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Author
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Clint Lewis and Ming-Chien Su
- Subjects
location ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,location.country ,Climate change ,National level ,Sociology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Grenadines ,Socioeconomics ,01 natural sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Small island developing states (SIDS) are distinctively more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change than other developing countries. The focus of this paper is the Caribbean region that is described as one of the most vulnerable regions in the world and highly affected by the impacts of climate change. This paper applies a case-study approach and focuses on the island of St. Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG). With limited efforts to understand the adaptation, vulnerabilities, and challenges at the national level in these SIDS, this paper helps to fill this gap and has two main aims. First, it identifies SVG’s main focus on climate change adaptation. Second, it identifies the barriers to climate change adaptation in SVG. To fulfil the aims of this paper, content analysis, and semi-structured interviews with 32 stakeholders from the public and private sector were applied. This paper finds that SVG is mainly adapting to changes in hurricane, rainfall, drought, and soil and coastal erosion patterns. It also finds that many factors are limiting national-level adaptation. The three main reported barriers are a lack of financial, human resources, and technical capacity. These findings are important for the government of SVG and international donors and agencies. This will help them to identify and fill the gaps in their adaptation actions and prioritising finance. This paper’s findings also highlight the importance of mainstreaming climate change adaptation in sectoral plans and work programs and improving SVG’s access to international climate change adaptation funding.
- Published
- 2020
29. Towards a Collaborative Research: A Case Study on Linking Science to Farmers’ Perceptions and Knowledge on Arabica Coffee Pests and Diseases and Its Management.
- Author
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Liebig, Theresa, Jassogne, Laurence, Rahn, Eric, Läderach, Peter, Poehling, Hans-Michael, Kucel, Patrick, Van Asten, Piet, and Avelino, Jacques
- Subjects
- *
COFFEE diseases & pests , *FARMERS , *PEST control , *SCIENTIFIC community , *COOPERATIVE research , *SENSORY perception , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
The scientific community has recognized the importance of integrating farmer’s perceptions and knowledge (FPK) for the development of sustainable pest and disease management strategies. However, the knowledge gap between indigenous and scientific knowledge still contributes to misidentification of plant health constraints and poor adoption of management solutions. This is particularly the case in the context of smallholder farming in developing countries. In this paper, we present a case study on coffee production in Uganda, a sector depending mostly on smallholder farming facing a simultaneous and increasing number of socio-ecological pressures. The objectives of this study were (i) to examine and relate FPK on Arabica Coffee Pests and Diseases (CPaD) to altitude and the vegetation structure of the production systems; (ii) to contrast results with perceptions from experts and (iii) to compare results with field observations, in order to identify constraints for improving the information flow between scientists and farmers. Data were acquired by means of interviews and workshops. One hundred and fifty farmer households managing coffee either at sun exposure, under shade trees or inter-cropped with bananas and spread across an altitudinal gradient were selected. Field sampling of the two most important CPaD was conducted on a subset of 34 plots. The study revealed the following findings: (i) Perceptions on CPaD with respect to their distribution across altitudes and perceived impact are partially concordant among farmers, experts and field observations (ii) There are discrepancies among farmers and experts regarding management practices and the development of CPaD issues of the previous years. (iii) Field observations comparing CPaD in different altitudes and production systems indicate ambiguity of the role of shade trees. According to the locality-specific variability in CPaD pressure as well as in FPK, the importance of developing spatially variable and relevant CPaD control practices is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Public Disengagement from Environmental Issues in Relation to Their Media Coverage
- Author
-
Juraj Skačan
- Subjects
media coverage ,Relation (database) ,disengagement ,Education (General) ,Media coverage ,environmental crisis ,journalistic norms ,climate change ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Sociology ,L7-991 ,Disengagement theory ,Social psychology ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The environmental crisis and climate change belong to a group of topics that appear not to be receiving as much media attention as some other issues, e.g. politics, economy, finance, and social and ethnic issues. Too often side-lined, even if environment gets some scope in news and documentaries, it is not always presented comprehensively enough. Although environmentalists and eco-philosophers are constantly – and ever more urgently – pointing to what they describe as an alarming situation at hand, it seems that most of the public has adopted a rather indifferent (disengaged) posture towards news about an imminent environmental crisis, climate change, global warming, the use of plastic etc. Public discourse and media discourse have been increasingly intertwined, so ordinary people acquire most information (not only) on environmental issues from the mass media: press, internet, radio and TV, particularly from newscast and documentaries. This paper will discuss possible relations between presentation of environmental issues in the media and attitudes held by their audience. We believe that the media must assume their part in creating public awareness of environmental issues. Our paper will be based on interdisciplinary, predominantly theoretical research involving the combination of media studies and media philosophy. We will discuss main features of this issue from the viewpoint of media-centric theories, since we maintain that effects of the mass media on empirical and social reality (including environmental issues) are beyond any doubt.
- Published
- 2020
31. Sociology and climate change
- Author
-
Vesna Miltojević and Ivana Ilić-Krstić
- Subjects
sociology ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,business.industry ,research fields ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,Sociological research ,Subject (philosophy) ,Climate change ,Environmental ethics ,General Medicine ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,multidisciplinarity ,climate change ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,Multidisciplinary approach ,Effects of global warming ,Agriculture ,Sociology ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
This paper showcases the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to the examination of causes and effects of climate change, particularly the necessity of greater involvement of sociologists in the investigation of the causes and the offering of solutions to mitigate the effects. Accepting the view that present-day climate change is socially conditioned, the discussion relies on the assumption that climate change has indeed found its place in sociological research, only not to a sufficient extent. Based on the review of available literature, it was determined that the study of climate change was triggered by social ecologists and that climate change became a full-fledged subject of theoretical considerations and investigations into specific causes and effects. Since agriculture is one of the causes of climate change, the paper emphasizes the necessity of sociological research of the agricultural sector and its relation to climate change and proposes other potential research fields.
- Published
- 2020
32. Conceptualizing gendered vulnerability to climate change in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: Contextual conditions and drivers of change
- Author
-
Harriet Larrington-Spencer, Pranita Bhushan Udas, and Chanda Gurung Goodrich
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Hindu kush ,Reproduction (economics) ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Vulnerability ,Climate change ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,Social group ,climate change ,Hindu Kush Himalaya ,Conceptual framework ,Intersectionalities ,gender ,Vulnerabilities ,Sociology ,Social psychology ,Socioeconomic status ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Not all women or all men are equally vulnerable. Manifestations of vulnerability to climate change vary in different groups of people, based on their position in a social and gender structure in a particular location and at a particular time. We need to understand the pre-existing conditions, what we term “contextual conditions” that underlie experiences of vulnerability and lead to its complexity and reproduction. This paper is based on a literature review and takes the standpoint that not only is gender a powerful and pervasive contextual condition, but that it intersects with other contextual conditions to shape vulnerabilities. Further, gender and other contextual conditions also influence and are influenced by socioeconomic drivers of change to produce differential gendered vulnerabilities. Therefore, manifestations of gendered vulnerability to climate change are the result of complex and interlinked factors, which cannot be simplified for the sake of efficiency. This paper offers a conceptual framework bringing together these interlinkages and intersectionalities in understanding differential gendered vulnerabilities.
- Published
- 2019
33. Public Perceptions of Urban Green Spaces: Convergences and Divergences
- Author
-
Shah Md. Atiqul Haq, Mohammed Thanvir Ahmed Chowdhury, Mohammad Nazrul Islam, Khandaker Jafor Ahmed, and Ankita Siddhanta
- Subjects
H1-99 ,Science (General) ,stakeholder engagement ,Stakeholder engagement ,Developing country ,Climate change ,Context (language use) ,Ecosystem services ,climate change mitigation ,Social sciences (General) ,Q1-390 ,Climate change mitigation ,climate change ,Multidisciplinary approach ,Urban planning ,multidisciplinary approach ,Sociology ,Environmental planning ,urban green spaces ,nature-based solutions - Abstract
In the context of rapid climate change, it is important to understand public perceptions of urban green spaces (UGSs), because green spaces have enormous potential as instruments for climate change adaptation and mitigation, and because the development of such spaces both requires and benefits from public support. This article attempts, through an extensive literature review, to understand convergences and divergences in perceptions of urban green spaces (UGSs) of city dwellers around the world and to identify gaps in the existing research. Additionally, the article explores research into the benefits associated with urban green spaces, including health (e.g., physical and mental), social (e.g., social networks and social relationships), economic (e.g., employment and income generation), and environmental (e.g., ecosystem services and biodiversity). This article further seeks to identify the extent to which urban residents have been found to perceive the roles UGSs can play in climate change adaptation and mitigation, and cultural exchange. Based on studies conducted in different countries over the past decade, this paper integrates environmental, social, cultural, and economic aspects of urban greening to provide insight into the similarities and differences in perceptions of urban green spaces and suggest approaches to building climate change resilient urban communities. This paper finds justification for: encouraging the use of integrated, multidisciplinary approaches, using innovative tools, for both the study and practical development of UGSs; conducting a greater number of studies of newer urban areas in developing countries; and considering the diverse disadvantages as well as the advantages of UGSs in order to support the continued development and expansion of this critical climate-friendly infrastructure. The more that residents' perceptions of and attitudes toward UGSs are incorporated into the design of such spaces, the more successful they will be at providing the myriad benefits they have the potential to offer.
- Published
- 2021
34. Creative, embodied practices, and the potentialities for sustainability transformations
- Author
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Jörn Schirok, Julia Bentz, Letícia do Carmo, Nicole Schafenacker, Sara Dal Corso, Centro Interdisciplinar de Ciências Sociais (CICS.NOVA - NOVA FCSH), and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Sociology and Political Science ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Performative utterance ,010501 environmental sciences ,Meaning-making ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,The arts ,Experiential learning ,Health(social science) ,Embodiment ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Climate change ,Sociology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Sustainable development ,Inspiration ,Community resilience ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,Environmental ethics ,Meaningmaking ,Scholarship ,Embodied cognition ,Art and climate ,Sustainability ,Imagination ,Arts-based approaches - Abstract
SFRH/BPD/115656/2016 UIDB/04647/2020 UIDP/04647/2020 This paper argues for an integrative approach to sustainability transformations, one that reconnects body and mind, that fuses art and science and that integrates diverse forms of knowledge in an open, collaborative and creative way. It responds to scholarship emphasizing the importance of connecting disparate ways of knowing, including scientific, artistic, embodied and local knowledges to better understand environmental change and to foster community resilience and engagement. This paper draws on the experience of an arts-based project in Lisbon, Portugal, and explores embodied and performative practices and their potential for climate change transformations. It puts forward and enlivens an example, where such forms of engaging communities can provide new insight into how equitable, just and sustainable transformations can come about. The process involved a series of interactive workshops with diverse arts-based methods and embodied practices to create performative material. From this process, a space emerged for the creation of meaning about climate change. Three key elements stood out in this process as being potentially important for the emergence of meaning-making and for understanding the impact of the project: the use of metaphors, embedding the project locally, and the use of creative, embodied practices. This furthers research, suggesting that the arts can play a critical role in engaging people with new perspectives on climate change and sustainability issues by offering opportunities for critical reflection and providing spaces for creative imagination and experimentation. Such processes may be important for contributing to the changes needed to realize transformations to sustainability. publishersversion published
- Published
- 2021
35. Is vulnerability to climate change gendered? And how? Insights from Egypt
- Author
-
Mona Daoud
- Subjects
Global and Planetary Change ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Kinship ,Vulnerability ,Climate change ,Gender analysis ,Gender studies ,Context (language use) ,Sociology ,Ideology ,Livelihood ,Social relation ,media_common - Abstract
Most climate change literature tends to downplay the gendered nature of vulnerability. At best, gender is discussed in terms of the male-female binary, seen as opposing forces rather than in varying relations of interdependency. Such construction can result in the adoption of maladaptive culturally unfit gender-blind policy and interventions. In Egypt, which is highly vulnerable to climate change, gender analysis of vulnerability is almost non-existent. This paper addresses this important research gap by asking and drawing on a rural Egyptian context ‘How do the gendered relational aspects of men’s and women’s livelihoods in the household and community influence vulnerability to climate change?’. To answer this question, I draw on gender analysis of social relations, framed within an understanding of sustainable livelihoods. During 16 months of fieldwork, I used multiple ethnographic methods to collect data from two culturally and ethnically diverse low-income villages in Egypt. My main argument is that experiences of climate change are closely intertwined with gender and wider social relations in the household and community. These are shaped by local gendered ideologies and cultures that are embedded in conjugal relations, kinship and relationship to the environment, as compared across the two villages. In this paper, I strongly argue that vulnerability to climate change is highly gendered and therefore gender analysis should be at the heart of climate change discourses, policy and interventions.
- Published
- 2021
36. ‘Staying’ as climate change adaptation strategy: a proposed research agenda
- Author
-
Meghna Guhathakurta, Dik Roth, Oliver Scanlan, Basundhara Tripathy Furlong, Simon Pemberton, Vally Koubi, Jeroen Warner, and Md. Khalid Hossain
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,Climate change ,WASS ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,G1 ,Civil Conflict ,Staying ,Sociology ,Adaptation ,Adaptation (computer science) ,media_common ,GB ,Equity (economics) ,GE ,Public economics ,Resilience ,Corporate governance ,05 social sciences ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Sociology of Development and Change ,Psychological resilience ,Sociologie van Ontwikkeling en Verandering ,050703 geography ,Diversity (politics) - Abstract
This paper brings work on mobility and ‘staying’ together with theoretical ideas of resilience to consider responses to climate change. To date, the majority of work that has explored the impacts of climate change on human populations has taken a migration-centred perspective, with an emphasis on mobility as a key response in crises, including extreme climatic events and civil conflict. However, evidence suggests that people may alternatively – and pro-actively – adopt a different approach involving “staying” as a climate change adaptation strategy. This is important as recent evolutionary approaches to resilience have highlighted how resilience is an on-going process of adaptation which emphasises the temporal, fluid and open-ended aspects of individuals’ experiences and practices in shaping everyday lives. In turn, this means that individuals’ experiences and practices can lead to different strategies of staying (as well as moving) in the face of climate change. Consequently, the paper highlights four key areas where more research is required in order to explore the links between climate change, ‘staying’ and resilience. These include the importance of historical context in disentangling and contextualising the “multicausal” nature of individuals’ mobility decisions; translocal networks in shaping mobility or immobility; the influence of equity, diversity and gendered social expectations on staying; and the importance of governance responses in facilitating resilience, adaptation and subsequent decisions by individuals to stay or move.
- Published
- 2021
37. Stimulating Contributions to Public Goods through Information Feedback: Some Experimental Results.
- Author
-
Janssen, Marco A., Lee, Allen, and Sundaram, Hari
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC goods , *WEB-based user interfaces , *PARTICIPANT observation , *PERFORMANCE evaluation , *VIRTUAL reality - Abstract
In traditional public good experiments participants receive an endowment from the experimenter that can be invested in a public good or kept in a private account. In this paper we present an experimental environment where participants can invest time during five days to contribute to a public good. Participants can make contributions to a linear public good by logging into a web application and performing virtual actions. We compared four treatments, with different group sizes and information of (relative) performance of other groups. We find that information feedback about performance of other groups has a small positive effect if we control for various attributes of the groups. Moreover, we find a significant effect of the contributions of others in the group in the previous day on the number of points earned in the current day. Our results confirm that people participate more when participants in their group participate more, and are influenced by information about the relative performance of other groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Urban Public Space as a Didactic Platform: Raising Awareness of Climate Change through Experiencing Arts
- Author
-
Keunhye Lee
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0507 social and economic geography ,Climate change ,TJ807-830 ,emotion ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,TD194-195 ,The arts ,Renewable energy sources ,urban public space ,Public space ,experience ,Perception ,eco-didactic ,GE1-350 ,Sociology ,Contemporary society ,media_common ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Public relations ,Raising (linguistics) ,climate change art ,Environmental sciences ,Intervention (law) ,Sustainability ,business ,050703 geography ,0503 education - Abstract
This paper investigates the meanings of urban public space, both as a didactic platform and as a way to spread awareness of climate change through art. What are the roles of public space? How do artworks intervene in urban public space? How can public art contribute to “sustainability” issues? I have argued that the intervention of art in urban public space offers effective ways of developing climate change art, which is understood to be an educator. Public space can be categorized into three different types: everyday, social, and symbolic spaces. These can be used as a platform for opening discussion and learning about the increased issues of the global crisis in contemporary society. I have drawn upon the representative case studies about climate change to explore how they intervene in urban public space and how they engage viewers to spread awareness, which is one of the fundamental aspects of this paper. It also stimulates viewers’ perceptions and awareness of a more sustainable future through phenomenological and emotional experiences. Thus, this paper contributes to the understanding and knowledge of the relationship between art and public space with respect to raising awareness about climate change and considering how art intervenes in urban public space to create an eco-didactic platform.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Resilience to climate shocks in the tropics
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Mark Hirons, Emilie Beauchamp, Yadvinder Malhi, Rebecca Ashley Asare, Declan Conway, and Stephen Whitfield
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Value (ethics) ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Land use ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Corporate governance ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Climate change ,Tropics ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,El Niño Southern Oscillation ,Sociology ,Economic geography ,Resilience (network) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,GE Environmental Sciences - Abstract
This focus collection on resilience to climate shocks in the tropics draws together 16 papers that predominantly examine the impacts of, and responses to, the 2015/2016 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event, in a range of contexts. This introductory synthesis contextualises the collection of papers by reviewing important concepts and highlighting some important insights that emerge from the collection. The papers in this collection collectively highlight: the value of longitudinal and interdisciplinary research in understanding both the roots of, and responses to, resilience challenges; the critical interaction between climatic and land-use changes; and the ways in which governance arrangements underpin societal decision-making across a range of scales and contexts to shape resilience.
- Published
- 2021
40. The Fable of The Three Little Pigs: Climate Change and Green Cultural Criminology
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Avi Brisman
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,Social Sciences ,Climate change ,Environmental ethics ,migration ,heritage studies ,climate change ,Fable ,narrative criminology ,Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology ,green cultural criminology ,fables ,Cultural criminology ,Sociology ,HV1-9960 ,Law ,green criminology - Abstract
This paper builds on previous calls for a green cultural criminology that is more attuned to narrative, as well as a narrative criminology that does not limit itself to nonfictional stories of offenders, in two ways. First, it considers how a particular kind of environmental narrative—that of climate change—appears, as well as criticisms thereof. In analysing and assessing existing climate change narratives, this paper contemplates the approach of heritage studies to loss and the (theme of) uncertainty surrounding climate-induced migration and human displacement. Second, this paper allegorises the fable of The Three Little Pigs as a story of climate change migration—an aspect of climate change that is misrepresented (and sometimes missing) in the discourse. This paper concludes with additional arguments for approaching, reading and analysing stories regarding human–human and human–environment relationships.
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- 2019
41. Is resilience to climate change socially inclusive? Investigating theories of change processes in Myanmar
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Tim Forsyth
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0106 biological sciences ,Economics and Econometrics ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Participatory monitoring ,Climate change ,Theory of change ,Development ,Public relations ,Livelihood ,01 natural sciences ,010601 ecology ,Intervention (law) ,Transformative learning ,GN Anthropology ,Sociology ,Resilience (network) ,business ,Adaptation (computer science) ,GE Environmental Sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Approaches to resilience to climate change can be socially exclusionary if they do not acknowledge diverse experiences of risks or socio-economic barriers to resilience. This paper contributes to analyses of resilience by studying how theories of change (ToC) processes used by development organizations might lead to social exclusions, and seeking ways to make these more inclusive. Adopting insights from participatory monitoring and evaluation, the paper first presents fieldwork from four villages in Myanmar to compare local experiences of risk and resilience with the ToCs underlying pathways to resilience based on building anticipatory, absorptive, and adaptive capacities. The paper then uses interviews with the development organizations using these pathways to identify how ToC processes might exclude local experiences and causes of risk, and to seek ways to make processes more inclusive. The research finds that development organizations can contribute to shared ToCs for resilience, but adopt tacitly different models of risk that reduce attention to more transformative socio-economic pathways to resilience. Consequently, there is a need to consider how resilience and ToCs can become insufficiently scrutinized boundary objects when they are shared by actors with different models of risk and intervention.
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- 2018
42. Climate change adaptation: Linking indigenous knowledge with western science for effective adaptation
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David S.G. Thomas and Cuthbert Casey Makondo
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Sociology of scientific knowledge ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Climate change ,Environmental ethics ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,Indigenous ,Knowledge-based systems ,Sociology ,Psychological resilience ,Traditional knowledge ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Traditional society ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common - Abstract
The implementation of climate change response programmes for adaptation and resilience is anchored on western scientific knowledge. However, this has led to a tendency to marginalise indigenous knowledge as it is considered unimportant in this process (Belfer et al., 2017; Lesperance, 2017; Whitfield et al., 2015 ). Yet, knowledge systems rarely develop in isolation as they normally tend to cross-fertilize and benefit from each other. In this regard, we think that indigenous knowledge is just as important as scientific knowledge and the two must be integrated through multiple evidence base approach for climate change adaptation and mitigation. In this paper, focussing on African traditional society, we combine oral history with the available literature to examine traditional knowledge and awareness of climate change and related environmental risks. Interesting themes emerge from the knowledge holders themselves and our analysis uncovers a wide range of adaptive coping strategies applied with mixed success. From spotting and reading the position and shape of the ‘new moon’ to the interpretative correctness of its symbolism in “applied traditional climatology,” and from rain-making rituals to conservation of wetlands and forests. Generally, findings seem to suggest that traditional African knowledge of environmental change may be as old as the society itself, with local knowledge transmitted from one generation to the next. Based on the perceived vulnerability of indigenous communities, many scholars tend to argue generically for the integration of indigenous knowledge into climate change policies and implementation (Ross, 2009; Maldonado et al., 2016 ; Etchart, 2017 ). In this paper however, we attempt to supplement these arguments by providing specific and contextualised evidence of indigenous knowledge linked to climate change adaptation. It is demonstrated that indigenous knowledge is neither singular nor universal, but rather, a voluminous, diverse and highly localised source of wisdom. We conclude that integration of such unique and specific indigenous knowledge systems into other evidence bases of knowledge, could be one of the best ways to the more effective and sustainable implementation of climate change adaptation strategies among target indigenous communities.
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- 2018
43. Viable and convivial technologies: Considerations on Climate Engineering from a degrowth perspective
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Frederike Neuber and Barbara Muraca
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Management science ,business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,Perspective (graphical) ,Climate change ,Environmental ethics ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Applied ethics ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Argumentative turn ,Argument ,Situated ,Degrowth ,Sociology ,Climate engineering ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Faced with the urgency of climate change, Climate Engineering has been framed as a fast and feasible technological solution. At the same time, however, critique against it is getting increasingly louder. This paper articulates a critical analysis of Climate Engineering technologies from a point of view situated within the degrowth discourse. In the first part two approaches discussed within the degrowth debate are presented: the concept of viability based on a biophysical perspective and the concept of conviviality based on a socio-cultural approach. In a second step formalized arguments from the point of view of applied ethics are articulated and applied to three Climate Engineering Technologies: Sulfate Aerosol Injection, Bio-energy with Carbon Capture and Storage, and Afforestation. In a third step, an extended version of the trade-off argument about mitigation versus Climate Engineering solution is discussed from a degrowth perspective: accordingly, within the current dominant growth paradigm, climate engineering technologies might lead to reduced mitigation efforts. The paper follows the argumentative turn in applied ethics and displays a formalization of arguments that can help clarify decision-making and identify the different dimensions at stake. The paper articulates arguments against the deployment of CE technologies and advances a new version of the trade-off-argument based on a degrowth perspective. From the point of view of a degrowth-based critique of technology, the only type of Climate Engineering Technology ethically acceptable would be afforestation under specific conditions.
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- 2018
44. Science-Driven Societal Transformation, Part III: Design
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John C. Boik
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Geography, Planning and Development ,systems change ,TJ807-830 ,Context (language use) ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,societal system ,TD194-195 ,050105 experimental psychology ,Renewable energy sources ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,societal cognition ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Narrative ,societal transformation ,GE1-350 ,Sociology ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,05 social sciences ,Superorganism ,Cognitive architecture ,sustainability ,Environmental sciences ,climate change ,Transformational leadership ,Social transformation ,Sustainability ,Systems design ,Engineering ethics ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Climate change, biodiversity loss, and other major social and environmental problems pose severe risks. Progress has been inadequate and scientists, global policy experts, and the general public increasingly conclude that transformational change is needed across all sectors of society in order to improve and maintain social and ecological wellbeing. At least two paths to transformation are conceivable: (1) reform of and innovation within existing societal systems (e.g., economic, legal, and governance systems); and (2) the de novo development of and migration to new and improved societal systems. This paper is the final in a three-part series of concept papers that together outline a novel science-driven research and development program aimed at the second path. It summarizes literature to build a narrative on the topic of de novo design of societal systems. The purpose is to raise issues, suggest design possibilities, and highlight directions and questions that could be explored in the context of this or any R&D program aimed at new system design. This paper does not present original research, but rather provides a synthesis of selected ideas from the literature. Following other papers in the series, a society is viewed as a superorganism and its societal systems as a cognitive architecture. Accordingly, a central goal of design is to improve the collective cognitive capacity of a society, rendering it more capable of achieving and sustainably maintaining vitality. Topics of attention, communication, self-identity, power, and influence are discussed in relation to societal cognition and system design. A prototypical societal system is described, and some design considerations are highlighted.
- Published
- 2021
45. Slippery entanglements: Spiritual and gendered experiences of uncertainty in the riverine context of Bengali char lands
- Author
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Annemiek Prins
- Subjects
Religions. Mythology. Rationalism ,water ,Religious studies ,Climate change ,Environmental ethics ,Context (language use) ,South Asia ,Churning ,BL1-2790 ,rivers ,Existentialism ,language.human_language ,climate change ,Bengali ,Anthropocene ,religion ,Spirituality ,gender ,language ,Chars ,Sociology ,Anthropology and Development Studies ,uncertainty ,Storytelling - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 240206.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) This paper focuses on the spiritual and gendered experiences of dwelling-in-uncertainty in the context of Bengali char lands. Chars are temporary sandbanks in the river that continuously erode and re-emerge as the river changes course, thereby subjecting their inhabitants to repetitious cycles of losing and regaining land. In this paper I take the ethnographic literature on Bengali chars as a point of departure for exploring what the radical uncertainty of climate change might mean in a context where erosion or land loss does not necessarily involve the irreversible loss of a particular habitat, but often coincides with the anticipation of return. In analyzing the gendered ways in which char dwellers navigate this spiraling cycle of land loss and return, I draw specific attention to the churning, immaterial and spiritual powers that reside below and beyond the water, thereby highlighting the ways in which people are caught up in a land/waterscape that is only knowable to some extent. Whereas debates around climate change often treat religion and spirituality as either obstacles to knowledge or vehicles of meaningful storytelling, this paper deliberately foregrounds the more-than-human forces that linger at the periphery of people’s perception and knowledge of the world. In doing so, the paper seeks to move beyond probabilistic notions of climate change and adaptation towards a diverse understanding of the existential uncertainties of the Anthropocene. 17 p.
- Published
- 2021
46. Norm-focused nudges influence pro-environmental choices and moderate post-choice emotional responses
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José Antonio Rosa, Carlos Andres Trujillo, and Catalina Estrada-Mejia
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Male ,Pride ,Emotions ,Social Sciences ,Choice Behavior ,Cognition ,Learning and Memory ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Sociology ,Psychological Attitudes ,Social Norms ,Psychology ,050207 economics ,media_common ,Multidisciplinary ,Nudge theory ,05 social sciences ,Statistics ,Choice architecture ,Social system ,Physical Sciences ,Social Systems ,Regression Analysis ,Medicine ,Female ,Social psychology ,Research Article ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Climate Change ,Science ,Decision Making ,Shame ,Linear Regression Analysis ,Environment ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Interpersonal Relationships ,050105 experimental psychology ,Human Learning ,Young Adult ,Willingness to pay ,0502 economics and business ,Learning ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Statistical Methods ,Behavior ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Regret ,Consumer Behavior ,Collective Human Behavior ,Attitude ,Cognitive Science ,Norm (social) ,Mathematics ,Neuroscience - Abstract
In this paper, we use choice architecture techniques to activate both social and personal norms, seeking to increase pro-environmental choices and to better understand the effect of such norm types on post-choice emotional responses. In four experiments, we make different social or personal norms salient by aligning choice environments with psychosocial mechanisms that activate different types of norms. We use different choice architecture techniques to change information, alter product sets, and generate the social consequences of choices. The target behavior, purchasing a recycled paper notebook, is captured through direct purchase behaviors or willingness to pay commitments. We find that choice architecture activates personal but not social norms, and that associated positive and negative emotions (guilt, shame, regret and pride) are elicited by choices but not by willingness to pay. Moreover, manipulating choice environment moderates the relationship between choice and norm-related emotions, such that positive emotional responses seem to be stronger than negative ones. The results suggest that choice architecture interventions can activate individual level beliefs about sustainability and help reduce the attitude-behavior gap.
- Published
- 2021
47. AI ethics: A framework for measuring embodied carbon in AI systems
- Author
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Silvia Elaluf-Calderwood and Catherine Mulligan
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Climate justice ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Perspective (graphical) ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Climate change ,Distribution (economics) ,Environmental ethics ,06 humanities and the arts ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Ai ethics ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,01 natural sciences ,Work (electrical) ,Information and Communications Technology ,Organizational structure ,060301 applied ethics ,Sociology ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
This paper outlines the ethical implications of AI from a climate perspective. So far, much of the discussion around AI ethics have focused on bias, unexplainable outcomes, privacy and other social impacts of such systems. The role and contribution of AI towards climate change and the ethical implications of its contribution to an unjust distribution of impact on the planet, humans and flora and fauna have not yet been covered in detail within the technical community. Within this paper, we aim to raise some of the issues of AI associated with climate justice and we propose a framework that will allow the AI and ICT industries to measure their true impact on the planet, propose an organisational structure to take this work forward and propose future research areas for this important topic.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Why Do Some People Do “More” to Mitigate Climate Change than Others? Exploring Heterogeneity in Psycho-Social Associations.
- Author
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Ortega-Egea, José Manuel, García-de-Frutos, Nieves, and Antolín-López, Raquel
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE change , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *BEHAVIORISM (Psychology) , *DECISION making , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *PSYCHOGRAPHICS - Abstract
The urgency of climate change mitigation calls for a profound shift in personal behavior. This paper investigates psycho-social correlates of extra mitigation behavior in response to climate change, while also testing for potential (unobserved) heterogeneity in European citizens' decision-making. A person's extra mitigation behavior in response to climate change is conceptualized—and differentiated from common mitigation behavior—as some people's broader and greater levels of behavioral engagement (compared to others) across specific self-reported mitigation actions and behavioral domains. Regression analyses highlight the importance of environmental psychographics (i.e., attitudes, motivations, and knowledge about climate change) and socio-demographics (especially country-level variables) in understanding extra mitigation behavior. By looking at the data through the lens of segmentation, significant heterogeneity is uncovered in the associations of attitudes and knowledge about climate change—but not in motivational or socio-demographic links—with extra mitigation behavior in response to climate change, across two groups of environmentally active respondents. The study has implications for promoting more ambitious behavioral responses to climate change, both at the individual level and across countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. 'Sense of Place and Sense of Planet': Local-Planetary Experiences of Climate Change in Barbara Kingsolver’s Flight Behavior
- Author
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Sonam Jalan
- Subjects
Planet ,General Arts and Humanities ,Sense of place ,Climate change ,Environmental ethics ,Sociology ,Sense (electronics) - Abstract
Climate change has become a harsh reality of our present times. It is happening here, there, and everywhere unbound by the spatial and temporal dimensions. The vacillating impact of such a global crisis equally demands multiple and concurrent scales in order to accurately comprehend the complexity of the problem. Borrowing the title of my paper from Ursula K. Heise’s book, Sense of Place and Sense of Planet: The Environmental Imagination of the Global, where she proposes the concept of ‘eco-cosmopolitanism’, this article aims at reflecting upon the globalization of the present ecocatastrophes, musing upon the local (the experiences of the working class people) and the global scale (Unnatural Migration and thereby extinction of the Monarch Butterflies) impact of the climate crisis. Ursula K. Heise believes that the ‘deterritorialization’ of the local knowledge is not always detrimental rather can open up new avenues into ecological consciousness. Giving consideration to a deterritorialised environmental vision my paper will fall back on Barbara Kingsolver’s Flight Behavior– a novel dealing with the eco-apocalypse, climate change and global warming. In providing a deeply humane account of the working people’s response to the local effects of the global crisis along with a poignant account of the impact on a planetary scale- the Migration of the Monarch Butterflies and their extinction, Kingsolver in this novel contextualizes the micro-geographically bounded human experience and memory within the larger context of the global Anthropocene thereby calling for a ‘sense of planet’ along with a ‘sense of place’- which get along with each other.
- Published
- 2020
50. Learning about climate change in, with and through art
- Author
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Julia Bentz, Centro Interdisciplinar de Ciências Sociais (CICS.NOVA - NOVA FCSH), and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
- Subjects
Global and Planetary Change ,Atmospheric Science ,Arts-based methods ,Youth ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Climate change ,010501 environmental sciences ,Public relations ,Space (commercial competition) ,01 natural sciences ,The arts ,Transformation ,Sadness ,Sustainability education ,Transformative learning ,Feeling ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Mainstream ,Portfolio ,Sociology ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common - Abstract
Effective strategies to learn about and engage with climate change play an important role in addressing this challenge. There is a growing recognition that education needs to change in order to address climate change, yet the question remains “how?” How does one engage young people with a topic that is perceived as abstract, distant, and complex, and which at the same time is contributing to growing feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and anxiety among them? In this paper, I argue that although the important contributions that the arts and humanities can make to this challenge are widely discussed, they remain an untapped or underutilized potential. I then present a novel framework and demonstrate its use in schools. Findings from a high school in Portugal point to the central place that art can play in climate change education and engagement more general, with avenues for greater depth of learning and transformative potential. The paper provides guidance for involvement in, with, and through art and makes suggestions to create links between disciplines to support meaning-making, create new images, and metaphors and bring in a wider solution space for climate change. Going beyond the stereotypes of art as communication and mainstream climate change education, it offers teachers, facilitators, and researchers a wider portfolio for climate change engagement that makes use of the multiple potentials of the arts.
- Published
- 2020
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