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Introduction/Main Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has made changes to all aspects of life. Work must be done at home or somewhere outside the office. Although a virtual office is mostly done from one's home, it can be done anywhere. The aim of this paper is to describe the positive and negative psychological aspects when implementing virtual offices at home for employees and employers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Background Problems: A virtual office has commonly been used during the pandemic condition. Many psychological aspects of a virtual office can affect the employee and his/her family. The impacts can be both positive and negative. Research problem: There are negative impacts, from a psychological aspect, of creating a virtual office at home besides the positive values. Novelty: This paper highlights the psychological aspects when implementing a virtual office at home. People often think that working from home has no challenges at all; it is considered to be more flexible and comfortable. On the other hand, working from home has many aspects that should be considered from the employees' and employers' views. Research Methods: This is a narrative literature review. Various types of literature were taken from the Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. Inclusion criteria were research and review articles. Exclusion criteria were un peer-reviewed articles and unavailable full texts. To maintain the quality of the paper, all the articles were read twice. The articles were categorized in a table, summarized, and then narrated. Finding/Results: The positive psychological impacts are flexibility, creativity, and independence. A worker can creatively manage his/her time accordingly, to create a life balance between work and family. The negative psychological impacts are life-work conflicts, burnout, and the autonomy-paradox. Conclusion: The essential keys for a virtual office's implementation are resilience, creativity, flexibility, and adaptation. The use of a virtual office may continue, due to time and financial efficiencies, despite the COVID-19 pandemic ending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is frequently used to assess occupational burnout and the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII) is a new tool for assessing pandemic impacts. This study's objective is to describe chiropractic faculty members' experience of the COVID-19 pandemic, their burnout as professional educators, and their strategies for coping with stress. A Qualtrics survey link was emailed to 73 current faculty and 10 previously employed faculty from 1 chiropractic school. The survey included 22 MBI, 31 EPII, and 2 questions about coping strategies. Faculty were given several weeks to complete the survey, were reminded via emails and meeting announcements, and were given paper surveys to increase participation. Responses were analyzed in STATA17. Forty-three faculty completed the survey (response rate = 52%). Of these, 25.8% reported testing positive for COVID-19, 30.23% reported difficulties transitioning to working from home, and 25.5% scored high on the MBI subscale for emotional exhaustion (EE) (mean 15.79, SD 13.68). Higher EE was associated with pandemic-related increases in mental health and sleep problems. Common coping strategies included self-care and social support. The majority of faculty reported neither contracting COVID-19 nor having difficulty transitioning to work from home. Average EE for participating faculty was lower than previous reports although a quarter scored high in EE, which may be associated with pandemic-related mental health and sleep problems. These results suggest chiropractic faculty might need support coming out of the COVID-19 pandemic and indicate the need for future research on burnout among faculty from other chiropractic institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Established in March 2020, the C19PRC Study monitors the psychological and socio‐economic impact of the pandemic in the UK and other countries. This paper describes the protocol for Wave 6 (August–September 2021). Methods: The survey assessed: COVID‐19 related experiences; experiences of common mental health disorders; psychological characteristics; and social and political attitudes. Adult participants from any previous wave (N = 3170) were re‐invited, and sample replenishment procedures helped manage attrition. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure the on‐going original panel (from baseline) was nationally representative in terms of gender, age, and household income, amongst other factors. Results: 1643 adults were re‐interviewed at Wave 6 (51.8% retention rate). Non‐participation was higher younger adults, those born outside UK, and adults living in cities. Of the adults recruited at baseline, 54.3% (N = 1100) participated in Wave 6. New respondent (N = 415) entered the panel at this wave, resulting in cross‐sectional sample for Wave 6 of 2058 adults. The raking procedure re‐balanced the longitudinal panel to within 1.3% of population estimates for selected socio‐demographic characteristics. Conclusions: This paper outlines the growing strength of the publicly available C19PRC Study data for COVID‐19‐related interdisciplinary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Parents of children suffering from malignant diseases indubitably represent a very dainty population, underrepresented in psychosocial research. It is common for these parents to move to the hospital wards in order to support their children, which causes an unnatural cut in their lifeline, in addition to coping with terrifying diagnosis. Coping with a child's malignant disease includes a continuous feeling of fear and concern, and change in the overall family dynamics, but also the cessation of daily life activities, even outside the context of a global pandemic, some pre-COVID research had shown. COVID-19 brought some additional challenges. In order to protect children's fragile physical state, parents were obliged to adapt to new rules and distance from the others even more. At the same time, their fears and worries grew only bigger and coping mechanisms were seriously limited. Subjects and Methods: In this paper we investigate parental experiences and needs during COVID-19 crisis. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with ten mothers with experience of children's in-patient treatment before and during pandemics. Results: According to main findings, theoretical model of parental adjustment and wellbeing in health crisis is proposed. Conclusion: Results imply the necessity to consider parental psychological wellbeing in order to support them and their children, especially when additional stressful and/or traumatic experiences emerge, and treat them as especially vulnerable group in research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study was established in March 2020 to monitor the psychological and socio‐economic impact of the pandemic in the UK and other countries. This paper describes the protocol for Wave 5 (March–April 2021). Methods: The survey assessed: COVID‐19 related experiences; experiences of common mental health disorders; psychological characteristics; and social and political attitudes. Adults who participated in any previous wave (N = 4949) were re‐invited to participate. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure the longitudinal panel was nationally representative in terms of gender, age, and household income, amongst other factors. Results: Overall, 2520 adults participated. A total of 2377 adults who participated in the previous survey wave (November–December 2020) were re‐interviewed at Wave 5 (61.5% retention rate). Attrition between these two waves was predicted by younger age, lower household income, children living in the household, and treatment for mental health difficulties. Of the adults recruited into the C19PRC study at baseline, 57.4% (N = 1162) participated in Wave 5. The raking procedure re‐balanced the longitudinal panel to within 1.5% of population estimates for selected socio‐demographic characteristics. Conclusion: This paper outlines the growing strength of the publicly available C19PRC Study data for COVID‐19‐related interdisciplinary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AimThis paper proposes a novel, trauma-informed, conceptual model of care for Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 illness (PASC).DesignThis paper describes essential elements, linkages and dimensions of the model that affect PASC patient experiences and the potential impact of trauma-informed care on outcomes.Data sourcesPASC is a consequence of the global pandemic, and a new disease of which little is known. Our model was derived from the limited available studies, expert clinical experience specific to PASC survivors and publicly available social media narratives authored by PASC survivors.Implications for nursingThe model provides a critical and novel framework for the understanding and care of persons affected by PASC. This model is aimed at the provision of nursing care, with the intention of reducing the traumatic impacts of the uncertain course of this disease, a lack of defined treatment options and difficulties in seeking care. The use of a trauma-informed care approach to PASC patients can enhance nurses' ability to remediate and ameliorate both the traumatic burden of and the symptoms and experience of the illness.ConclusionApplying a trauma-informed perspective to care of PASC patients can help to reduce the overall burden of this complex condition. Owing to the fundamentally holistic perspective of the nursing profession, nurses are best positioned to implement care that addresses multiple facets of the PASC experience.ImpactThe proposed model specifically addresses the myriad ways in which PASC may affect physical as well as mental and psychosocial dimensions of health. The model particularly seeks to suggest means of supporting patients who have already experienced a life-threatening illness and are now coping with its long-term impact. Since the scope of this impact is not yet defined, trauma-informed care for PASC patients is likely to reduce the overall health and systems burdens of this complex condition.

At the end of 2019, the communicable disease COVID-19 was first detected in the city of Wuhan, China. It affected every country in the world. The Peruvian government announced quarantine and social distancing measures to prevent the spread of the virus. As a result of the measures implemented economic and social well-being of people were affected causing an increase in stress, depression and anxiety, which are emotional disorders that affect mental health. Added to this is the lack of access to mental health services. The objective is to develop a telemedicine mobile application prototype for mental health services based on android. The methodology applied was Rational Unified Process (RUP) methodology because it allows documenting, ordering and structuring software development. The result obtained was a prototype of a telemedicine mobile application with a design and functionalities that make access easy for patients and specialist to mental health services. The quality of the prototype was evaluated through the judgment of experts, who assessed its efficiency, usability and security Obtaining after the calculation, 4.66 average or mean; this indicates that according to the established quality range, the quality of the mobile prototype is high. In conclusion, it was possible to develop an efficient, easyto- use and safe mobile telehealth prototype that provides a solution facilitating patient access to mental health care services for their emotional, psychological and social well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are around 1.3 million people in the United Kingdom with the devastating psychological, physical, and cognitive consequences of long COVID (LC). UK guidelines recommend that LC symptoms be managed pragmatically with holistic support for patients' biopsychosocial needs, including psychological, emotional, and physical health. Self-management strategies, such as pacing, prioritization, and goal setting, are vital for the self-management of many LC symptoms. Objective: This paper describes the codevelopment and initial testing of a digital intervention combining peer support with positive psychology approaches for self-managing the physical, emotional, psychological, and cognitive challenges associated with LC. The objectives of this study were to (1) codesign an intervention with and for people with LC; (2) test the intervention and study methods; (3) measure changes in participant well-being, self-efficacy, fatigue, and loneliness; and (4) understand the types of self-management goals and strategies used by people with LC. Methods: The study used a pre-post, mixed methods, pragmatic, uncontrolled design. Digital intervention content was codeveloped with a lived-experience group to meet the needs uncovered during the intervention development and logic mapping phase. The resulting 8-week digital intervention, Hope Programme for Long COVID, was attended by 47 participants, who completed preand postprogram measures of well-being, self-efficacy, fatigue, and loneliness. Goal-setting data were extracted from the digital platform at the end of the intervention. Results: The recruitment rate (n=47, 83.9%) and follow-up rate (n=28, 59.6%) were encouraging. Positive mental well-being (mean difference 6.5, P<.001) and self-efficacy (mean difference 1.1, P=.009) improved from baseline to postcourse. All goals set by participants mapped onto the 5 goal-oriented domains in the taxonomy of everyday self-management strategies (TEDSS). The most frequent type of goals was related to activity strategies, followed by health behavior and internal strategies. Conclusions: The bespoke self-management intervention, Hope Programme for Long COVID, was well attended, and follow-up was encouraging. The sample characteristics largely mirrored those of the wider UK population with LC. Although not powered to detect statistically significant changes, the preliminary data show improvements in self-efficacy and positive mental well-being. Our next trial (ISRCTN: 11868601) will use a nonrandomized waitlist control design to further examine intervention efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This paper outlines fieldwork procedures for Wave 4 of the COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study in the UK during November–December 2020. Methods: Respondents provided data on socio‐political attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours, and mental health disorders (anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress). In Phase 1, adults (N = 2878) were reinvited to participate. At Phase 2, new recruitment: (i) replenished the longitudinal strand to account for attrition; and (ii) oversampled from the devolved UK nations to facilitate robust between‐country analyses for core study outcomes. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure the longitudinal panel was representative of the baseline sample characteristics. Results: In Phase 1, 1796 adults were successfully recontacted and provided full interviews at Wave 4 (62.4% retention rate). In Phase 2, 292 new respondents were recruited to replenish the panel, as well as 1779 adults from Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, who were representative of the socio‐political composition of the adult populations in these nations. The raking procedure successfully re‐balanced the longitudinal panel to within 1% of population estimates for selected socio‐demographic characteristics. Conclusion: The C19PRC Study offers a unique opportunity to facilitate and stimulate interdisciplinary research addressing important public health questions relating to the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study aims to assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the adult population in multiple countries. This paper describes the third wave of the UK survey (the 'parent' strand of the Consortium) during July‐August 2020. Methods: Adults (N = 2025) who participated in the baseline and/or first follow‐up surveys were reinvited to participate in this survey, which assessed: (1) COVID‐19 related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours; (2) the occurrence of common mental disorders; as well as the role of (3) psychological factors and (4) social and political attitudes, in influencing the public's response to the pandemic. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure that the cross‐sectional sample is nationally representative in terms of gender, age, and household income, and representative of the baseline sample characteristics for household composition, ethnicity, urbanicity and born/raised in UK. Results: 1166 adults (57.6% of baseline participants) provided full interviews at Wave 3. The raking procedure successfully re‐balanced the cross‐sectional sample to within 1% of population estimates across selected socio‐demographic characteristics. Conclusion: This paper demonstrates the strength of the C19PRC Study data to facilitate and stimulate interdisciplinary research addressing important public health questions relating to the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health Psychology has received numerous papers over the past several months on topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of them concern depression, anxiety, stress, or other forms of distress in the general population or in health care workers. We have received far fewer papers on COVID-related health behaviors and health communications-factors that have played central roles in the spread of the pandemic and that are major topics in health psychology. Our experience is consistent with the published scientific literature on the pandemic. A Medline search that we conducted in late September yielded over 23,000 English-language articles pertaining to COVID-19. Over 1,400 of them concerned topics that are within the scope of Health Psychology. As shown in Table 1, COVID-related mental disorders comprised the largest category. Many other studies concerned other forms of stress or emotional distress. At least 248 articles addressed the profound ethnic and racial disparities in COVID-19 infection and death rates and in access to health care that are accentuating longstanding health inequities; 22 (9%) of these articles addressed behavioral or psychosocial aspects of COVID-19 health disparities. Thus, the literature on the behavioral and psychosocial aspects of the pandemic has been dominated, so far at least, by research on stress or distress. Fewer reports have been published so far on critical COVID-related health behaviors, health communication, or health disparities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: The C19PRC study aims to assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the adult population of the UK, Republic of Ireland, and Spain. This paper describes the conduct of the first two waves of the UK survey (the "parent" strand of the Consortium) during March–April 2020. Methods: A longitudinal, internet panel survey was designed to assess: (1) COVID‐19 related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors; (2) the occurrence of common mental health disorders as well as the role of (3) psychological factors and (4) social and political attitudes, in influencing the public's response to the pandemic. Quota sampling (age, sex, and household income) was used to recruit a nationally representative sample of adults. Results: Two thousand and twenty five adults were recruited at baseline, and 1406 were followed‐up one‐month later (69.4% retention rate). The baseline sample was representative of the UK population in relation to economic activity, ethnicity, and household composition. Attrition was predicted by key socio‐demographic characteristics, and an inverse probability weighting procedure was employed to ensure the follow‐up sample was representative of the baseline sample. Conclusion: The C19PRC study data has strong generalizability to facilitate and stimulate interdisciplinary research on important public health questions relating to the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives Established in March 2020, the C19PRC Study monitors the psychological and socio‐economic impact of the pandemic in the UK and other countries. This paper describes the protocol for Wave 6 (August–September 2021). Methods The survey assessed: COVID‐19 related experiences; experiences of common mental health disorders; psychological characteristics; and social and political attitudes. Adult participants from any previous wave (N = 3170) were re‐invited, and sample replenishment procedures helped manage attrition. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure the on‐going original panel (from baseline) was nationally representative in terms of gender, age, and household income, amongst other factors. Results 1643 adults were re‐interviewed at Wave 6 (51.8% retention rate). Non‐participation was higher younger adults, those born outside UK, and adults living in cities. Of the adults recruited at baseline, 54.3% (N = 1100) participated in Wave 6. New respondent (N = 415) entered the panel at this wave, resulting in cross‐sectional sample for Wave 6 of 2058 adults. The raking procedure re‐balanced the longitudinal panel to within 1.3% of population estimates for selected socio‐demographic characteristics. Conclusions This paper outlines the growing strength of the publicly available C19PRC Study data for COVID‐19‐related interdisciplinary research.

Even a thought for an outbreak of an infectious disease provokes unwarranted panic and emotional distress in population causing development of negative impacts on psychological and psychosocial parameters of an individual. So, in case of any real epidemic/pandemic outbreak the normal psychological and psychosocial parameters start getting affected gradually which rise in amplitude as time pass while the disease is in air. Immediately, starts the phase of stress and fear of either being a carrier or a healthy individual who will have to live a compromised life for a particular duration. Previous studies have shown quarantine period to grimly affect individuals along with their health care providers which can even go along for the coming years. These impacts if controlled by early execution of strategies through governmental, administrative and social bodies working resourcefully and effectively can reduce the distress before being amplified. The present paper outlines the negative impacts of quarantine on psychological and psychosocial domain in individuals put in quarantine along with health staff engaged in their treatment. In addition, the article also narrates and suggests recommendations after reviewing articles from reputed database published following the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS CoV) with added suggestions in reducing the effects during and after quarantine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives The COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study was established in March 2020 to monitor the psychological and socio‐economic impact of the pandemic in the UK and other countries. This paper describes the protocol for Wave 5 (March–April 2021). Methods The survey assessed: COVID‐19 related experiences; experiences of common mental health disorders; psychological characteristics; and social and political attitudes. Adults who participated in any previous wave (N = 4949) were re‐invited to participate. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure the longitudinal panel was nationally representative in terms of gender, age, and household income, amongst other factors. Results Overall, 2520 adults participated. A total of 2377 adults who participated in the previous survey wave (November–December 2020) were re‐interviewed at Wave 5 (61.5% retention rate). Attrition between these two waves was predicted by younger age, lower household income, children living in the household, and treatment for mental health difficulties. Of the adults recruited into the C19PRC study at baseline, 57.4% (N = 1162) participated in Wave 5. The raking procedure re‐balanced the longitudinal panel to within 1.5% of population estimates for selected socio‐demographic characteristics. Conclusion This paper outlines the growing strength of the publicly available C19PRC Study data for COVID‐19‐related interdisciplinary research.

Background: To assess the psychological consequences of changes during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Iranian population. Methods: We performed an anonymous online survey in the first 3 weeks of March 2020. Individuals older than 14 who could read Persian, and lived in Iran, were eligible for the study. The participants had to rate their stress levels and depressive symptoms (using a nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9) during the last 2 weeks and before the pandemic retrospectively. The changes in the psychological measurements and their association with the sociodemographic factors and burdens due to confinement were assessed. Results: Overall, among the 3,210 subjects who participated in our study, both the stress levels and average depression scores increased. However, about 23% of the subjects reported a decrease in their stress levels. The burden of childcare, restrictions in private life, and thoughts about the future were positively correlated with the changes in the stress levels and depression scores (|r| > 0.15). However, feeling relieved in the pandemic condition, and enjoying more family time were associated with less change in the stress and depression scores. Being religious (odds ratio [OR] [CI]: 1.5 [1.3-1-8]) and older age (OR [CI]: 2.9 [1.8-4.6] for >55 years old) were identified as the resilience factors, whereas being a student (OR [CI]: 2.1 [1.6;2.7]), seeking a job (OR [CI]: 2.6 [1.8;3.9]), and history of a psychiatric disorder (OR [CI]: 3.2 [2.6;4]) were identified as the risk factors for depression. Conclusions: The stress levels and depressive symptoms have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and this increase is related to different social and personal burdens due to the confinement conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the "supercompensation" effect of preschoolers during the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown by comparing the changes in physical activity (PA), psychological, and sleep indicators before and after the lockdown. Methods: A total of 127 children (aged 3–6 years) were recruited. Before and after the lockdown, the children's PA levels were measured using the ActiGraph GT3X+, and their psychological and sleep indicators were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Child Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ), respectively. Results: Regarding PA, the children's total physical activity, low-intensity physical activity, and medium-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were higher after the lockdown than before the lockdown, with significant differences in MVPA (p < 0.05). Regarding psychology, the children's SDQ and multidimensional scores were better after the lockdown than before the lockdown, with a significant difference in SDQ scores (p < 0.05). Regarding sleep, the children's CSHQ scores were better after the lockdown than before the lockdown, with a highly significant difference in CSHQ scores (p < 0.01). Conclusion: After lockdown, children's PA, psychological, and sleep effects were "supercompensated." In particular, the PA of preschoolers before, during, and after the lockdown may show a "baseline-inhibition-supercompensation" process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed unprecedented stress and challenges upon medical staff, potentially resulting in posttraumatic growth (PTG). This scoping review aims to synthesize the existing knowledge on PTG among medical staff during the pandemic by identifying its current status and potential influencing factors. The findings may provide a foundation for future research and interventions to enhance the medical staff’s psychological resilience and well-being. Methods Literature was systematically searched on PTG among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic from 01 January 2020 to 31 December 2022. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), and Wanfang Data. Eligibility criteria included: (1) medical staff as research subjects; (2) a focus on “posttraumatic growth” or “alternative posttraumatic growth” related to the COVID-19 outbreak and pandemic; (3) discussion of the situation and influencing factors of PTG; and (4) study types, such as qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Two researchers independently selected and extracted study characteristics (study design, study population, region, measurement instruments, and primary outcomes) from the included literature. The data were synthesized qualitatively and descriptively. Results Thirty-six papers from 12 countries met the inclusion criteria. Moderate PTG levels were observed among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, with emphasis on “interpersonal relationships,” “changes in life philosophy,” and “growth in personal competence.” Influencing factors included trauma exposure, sociodemographics, psychological characteristics (resilience and positive qualities), coping, and social support. Conclusions This review discovered moderate PTG levels among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, with critical areas in interpersonal relationships, life philosophy, and personal competence. The identified influencing factors can inform future research and interventions to enhance healthcare workers’ psychological resilience and well-being.

Abstract Objectives The COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study aims to assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the adult population in multiple countries. This paper describes the third wave of the UK survey (the ‘parent’ strand of the Consortium) during July‐August 2020. Methods Adults (N = 2025) who participated in the baseline and/or first follow‐up surveys were reinvited to participate in this survey, which assessed: (1) COVID‐19 related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours; (2) the occurrence of common mental disorders; as well as the role of (3) psychological factors and (4) social and political attitudes, in influencing the public’s response to the pandemic. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure that the cross‐sectional sample is nationally representative in terms of gender, age, and household income, and representative of the baseline sample characteristics for household composition, ethnicity, urbanicity and born/raised in UK. Results 1166 adults (57.6% of baseline participants) provided full interviews at Wave 3. The raking procedure successfully re‐balanced the cross‐sectional sample to within 1% of population estimates across selected socio‐demographic characteristics. Conclusion This paper demonstrates the strength of the C19PRC Study data to facilitate and stimulate interdisciplinary research addressing important public health questions relating to the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Aim: The level of mental emotional disorders in community has increased since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine the risk factors and protective factors of the stress level of COVID-19 survivors. Subjects and Methods: This study used a descriptive analytic design with a cross sectional approach. A total of 66 respondents were involved in this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of: 1) Sociodemographic factors (age, sex, education level, COVID-19 wave and long COVID); 2) Risk factors (previous mental disorders, economic problems, substance use, loneliness, conflict in relationships and loss of important people); 3) Protective factors (spirituality, healthy eating patterns, physical activity, good sleep patterns and good personal relationships. Stress levels were measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist - 25 (HSCL - 25), where if the total score/number of items ≤ 1.75 then categorized as experiencing stress disorder. For data analysis, SPSS Windows 25 was used. Results: The results of the descriptive analysis show that COVID-19 survivors were of the average age of 18-40 years old (78.8 %), female (80.3 %), had undergraduate education level (75.8 %), affected in wave II (45.5 %), felt loneliness (51.5 %), had conflict in their relationships (56.1 %), experienced continued effect of COVID (81.8 %), experienced anxiety (53 %), depression (56.1 %) and stress (57.6 %). The most influential factor on the stress level of COVID-19 survivors was sex (p = 0.032; OR: 0.189). Conclusion: There is no relationship between risk factors and protective factors on the stress level of COVID survivors. The most influential factor is the socio-demographic factor of sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burnout among physicians is more prevalent than other fields and begins as early as medical school. The aim of this study was to characterize the impact of COVID-19 on different aspects of burnout in third-year medical students at a minority-serving medical school at the U.S.-Mexico border. A Comparative study was conducted in 2022. Participants included those in the classes of 2019 through 2023. Data from the classes of 2019-2021 represented the period before COVID-19 curriculum changes and was compared to classes 2022-2023, which represented the period after the onset of COVID-19. The data on the classes of 2023 was compared between the two integrated rotation blocks to evaluate if non-COVID-related experiences might contribute to an increase in burnout in one block versus the other. Lastly, all data were compared to a general population sample to screen for the possibility of systemic deficiencies relative to other health professions. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), which determines the scores for emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA), was administered to third-year medical students during their clinical rotations. Data were analyzed using a paired or unpaired t-test if they followed a normal distribution or the Mann-Whitney test if this was not the case. Scores for EE (P<0.0001), DP (P<0.0001), and PA (P=0.02) decreased after the onset of COVID-19. No statistically significant differences were found between the rotation blocks. However, when we compared the individual rotation blocks to the general population, the OBGYN/Pediatrics/Surgery blocks had a higher EE score (P=0.0003) than the Internal Medicine/Family Medicine/Psychiatry block. Before COVID-19, EE (P<0.01), DP (P<0.0001), and PA (P<0.05) appeared to be improved compared to the general population. After the onset of COVID-19, EE was less than the general population (P<0.0001). A broader assessment of burnout in medical students across the nation is warranted. Identification of specific COVID-19 influences and clerkship-related factors would prompt targeted actions to reduce burnout in this medical student population. Interventions are suggested to be designed to lessen the degree of burnout in clerkship students, possibly in other medical schools experiencing similar challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since December 2019, COVID-19 pandemic has continued to grow it spread and has currently affected more than 200 countries and for the last four months, healthcare workers (HCW) has worked performed their duties endlessly, more than the norms at their respective health care facility. Therefore this review paper aims to describe healthcare workers issues in managing the current COVID-19 pandemic Materials and Methods: Articles were chosen using a structured search via three electronic databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, and Direct Science coupled with a combination of keywords namely "healthcare workers" OR "health staff" AND "COVID19". Other inclusion criteria include full accessible, original studies in English language, published in peer-reviewed journals from December 2019 till 30th April 2020. Result and Discussion: A total of 17 articles were chosen to be reviewed which can be further broadly categorised into three domains which are; physical effects, psychological effects and socioeconomic effects. COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers is not uncommon as they represent the essential human resources in managing the pandemic. Of the three effects, mental health burden ranging from anxiety to burnout was studied along with its risk and protective factors discussed. Socioeconomic factors describe how prevention and control measures adopted has given a toll to this vulnerable group. Conclusion: Health-related effects and unforeseen factors has impacted healthcare workers such as the direct effect of the infection, issues related to the use of personal protective equipment, the spectrum of mental health burden as well as the socio-economic effects as a result of the demands faced by them in responding and providing healthcare needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding disease prevention and control is developing due to global pandemics such as severe new coronavirus illness (COVID-19). In addition, the transmission of viruses in residential structures, particularly multi-story apartment complexes, is growing. This study examined the factors which characterise the reach in common interior spaces of social distance post-COVID-19. Secondly, the relationship between types of apartments and which are best after-COVID-19 can be observed. A questionnaire and data gathering for five apartment buildings selected in Erbil were used to the design technique. SPSS and space syntax (software design) and the correlation, regression, and descriptive statistics were then used to examine the data. This research investigates the essential link of social distancing factors in the living areas with independent variables, including physical, psychological, communication, and environmental aspects, in apartment spaces. This research also looks at social distancing factors in apartment spaces. In addition, multiple regression analyses revealed an equation that represents the best prediction of social distance in multi-story living areas with various independent factors of indoor communities. The study shows a favorable association between the components in common interior spaces and social distancing between units with many floors based on a hypothesis test. It also analyses five typical plan typologies of a building with several levels, based on the study and questionnaire evaluations of the inhabitants' space syntax. As a consequence, the advantages and defects of each building type were evaluated. The mixed-method employed in this research has contributed significantly to the acceptability and readability of the design of multi-story apartments as a control tool. Furthermore, the analyses led to a clear preference for the single-loaded (gallery) corridor layout for social distancing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurse, Midwives and Allied Health Professionals (AHPs), along with other health and social care colleagues are the backbone of healthcare services. They have played a key role in responding to the increased demands on healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper compares cross-sectional data on quality of working life, wellbeing, coping and burnout of nurses, midwives and AHPs in the United Kingdom (UK) at two time points during the COVID-19 pandemic. An anonymous online repeated cross-sectional survey was conducted at two timepoints, Phase 1 (7th May 2020-3rd July 2020); Phase 2 (17th November 2020-1st February 2021). The survey consisted of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, the Work-Related Quality of Life Scale, and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (Phase 2 only) to measure wellbeing, quality of working life and burnout. The Brief COPE scale and Strategies for Coping with Work and Family Stressors scale assessed coping strategies. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions examined the effects of coping strategies and demographic and work-related variables on wellbeing and quality of working life. A total of 1839 nurses, midwives and AHPs responded to the first or second survey, with a final sample of 1410 respondents -586 from Phase 1; 824 from Phase 2, (422 nurses, 192 midwives and 796 AHPs). Wellbeing and quality of working life scores were significantly lower in the Phase 2 sample compared to respondents in Phase 1 (p

The impact of COVID-19 on mental health across the globe has been colossal. Student mental health and wellbeing during the pandemic has caused increasing concern due to the drastic transition to online classes, lowered opportunities for socialization and stress related to COVID-19. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of mental fatigue among undergraduate medical students at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences (COMHS), National University of Science and Technology, Sultanate of Oman and study the impact of resilience as a protective factor during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicated that participants experienced mild levels of mental fatigue. Normal levels of resilience capacity were seen among medical students. Significant negative correlation was seen between Mental Fatigue and Resilience. Linear regression analysis indicated that gender was a moderate predictive factor in the experience of mental fatigue. Post-lockdown survey results indicated that medical students continued to experience signs of mental fatigue, though restrictions have eased. They also continued to exhibit normal levels of resilience capacity. Students at the COMHS experienced mild levels of mental fatigue during the pandemic lockdown period. Normal level of resilience capacity effectively contributed as an emotional protective factor. Medical students continue to experience mild levels of mental fatigue, though lockdown restrictions have eased. Enhancing campus-based counselling support services to target COVID-19 related psychological distress and improve resiliency capacity is vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Improving people's resilience is one of the most influential factors in dealing with the Corona crisis. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the role of mindfulness and spiritual experiences in predicting students' resilience during COVID-19. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlation, and 269 male and female undergraduate students of Farhangian University of Qazvin Province, Iran, were selected by the convenience sampling method in the academic year of 2019-2020 and answered the questionnaire on mindfulness, spiritual experiences, and resilience. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions via SPSS software, version 24. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between mindfulness and spiritual experiences with resilience (P<0.01). And the components of mindfulness and spiritual experiences (58.5%) explain the variance of resilience. Conclusion: The results showed that mindfulness and spiritual experiences can predict students' resilience in the era of Corona, therefore, it is suggested that educational and counseling programs promote mindfulness and spiritual experiences to improve the resilience of fashion students--the opinion of those involved in the academic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Emergency medical technicians (EMTs), as the front line of dealing with patients with COVID-19, are exposed to the intensification of stress caused by these conditions, and it is essential to identify related factors, such as resilience and spiritual intelligence in this context. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between perceived stress, spiritual intelligence, and resilience of EMTs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 108 EMTs in Shahroud in 2021. Data collection tools included the demographic checklist, Cohen's perceived stress questionnaire, King's spiritual intelligence questionnaire, and Conrad Davidson's questionnaire (CD-RISC). To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential (independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression) statistics were used. Results: The mean scores of perceived stress and resilience of employees were at medium and high levels, respectively. There was no significant relationship between perceived stress and spiritual intelligence (r=-0.49, P=0.24), but there was a meaningful negative correlation between perceived stress and resilience (r=-0.31, P=0.002). A positive and significant relationship was observed between perceived stress score and age and work experience. Conclusion: Considering the significant relationship between perceived stress and resilience in the present study, it is suggested that the administrators provide solutions such as creating training courses to manage stress and increase resilience in EMTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent worldwide COVID-19 outbreak provided a timely demonstration of the mental health needs of health care workers on the front lines of the response to the pandemic. In addition to international guidelines, local institutions demand rapid and practical approaches easily replicable in different populations and contests. The principal aim of this paper is to highlight and share the experience of an Occupational Health Department responsible for monitoring hospital staff conditions during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic phase 1. The multidisciplinary team of the Occupational Health Department of a major university hospital in central Italy (AOUP) developed a specific protocol called PsicoCovid19 in order to provide targeted help, based on new psychosocial risk factors, to workers involved in the COVID-19 emergency to preserve hospital staff health. As of the date of this report, 106 workers (79 female, 27 male, mean age respectively, 51 ± 9.8, 45.7± 10.1) requested this service, reporting mild to moderate subjective distress. Approximately 81% of all the participants were already monitored before the outbreak of the pandemic. Among the total sample, 60% received a remodeling of a previous therapeutic program. Meanwhile, 7% passed from a psychiatric therapy to a combination therapy with the addition of a psychological treatment. The results demonstrate that those who asked for help were primarily female nurses who already presented with mental health vulnerabilities. A more gender-specific, clinical approach is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Nurses were on the front line against the COVID 19 pandemic, fighting to save human lives. Many nurses sacrificed their well-being and social life to win the battle. In consequence, many nurses have been infected with the virus around the Globe. This study aims to determine the immediate and short-term physical, psychological, and social impact of COVID 19 infection on nurses and midwives retrospectively. On the other hand, it aims to find the effect of COVID 19 stigma on the self-esteem of the infected nurses. Methods: To achieve this goal, the authors used an exploratory, mixed-method design with a sample of nurses and midwives working in a tertiary hospital in UAE who has been infected with the COVID 19 virus and recovered. The authors have used the qualitative results to explain and interpret the findings of the quantitative findings. The data were collected through distributing the quantitative survey to participants and then it was followed by conducting semi-structured interviews. Results: The careful exploration of the experiences of nurses infected with the COVID 19 virus suggested a simple model that manages the patients in hospitals and at homes, including improving self-efficacy and patient coping, providing the basic nursing skills to patients and families, providing continuous psychological support, and providing high standards of health care. Conclusion: The new suggested model will maintain a positive status of wellbeing amongst infected patients during the infection time and in 3–6 months after the infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives This paper outlines fieldwork procedures for Wave 4 of the COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study in the UK during November–December 2020. Methods Respondents provided data on socio‐political attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours, and mental health disorders (anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress). In Phase 1, adults (N = 2878) were reinvited to participate. At Phase 2, new recruitment: (i) replenished the longitudinal strand to account for attrition; and (ii) oversampled from the devolved UK nations to facilitate robust between‐country analyses for core study outcomes. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure the longitudinal panel was representative of the baseline sample characteristics. Results In Phase 1, 1796 adults were successfully recontacted and provided full interviews at Wave 4 (62.4% retention rate). In Phase 2, 292 new respondents were recruited to replenish the panel, as well as 1779 adults from Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, who were representative of the socio‐political composition of the adult populations in these nations. The raking procedure successfully re‐balanced the longitudinal panel to within 1% of population estimates for selected socio‐demographic characteristics. Conclusion The C19PRC Study offers a unique opportunity to facilitate and stimulate interdisciplinary research addressing important public health questions relating to the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the mental health and psychosocial conditions of everyone worldwide according to the WHO. Public health emergencies affect college students and are expressed as anxiety, worry, and fear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological health and performance of medical students. Design and Settings: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was done. Participants and Methods: Participants were 1591 Saudi medical students. A predesigned questionnaire included questions on demographic characters, GPA, having a relative got COVID-19, how to face sad news and stressors, and satisfaction with online lectures. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale was used that included seven items asking about the degree the participant was bothered by feeling anxious in the last 2 weeks. Results: A total of 59.4% of students had various degrees of anxiety. Participant age, unsteady family income, high grade point average (GPA,) satisfaction with the online lectures, and being female were associated with higher GAD-7 scores. Conclusion: Mental health of medical students was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological support programs for medical students during the pandemic and provision of high-quality distance learning is essential for psychological well-being during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to validate the schoolteachers' version of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) scale. This scale assessed the work-related stress and anxiety response of schoolteachers to the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 400 schoolteachers participated in an online survey between March 4 and 15, 2021. The survey questionnaire included the schoolteachers' version of the SAVE-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorders-7 (GAD-7) scales. A scree test and parallel analysis suggested a single-factor structure model for the schoolteachers' version of the SAVE-9 scale (real-data eigenvalue = 68.89, 95th percentile of the random eigenvalues = 27.56). The SAVE-9 scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.853) and good convergent validity with GAD-7 (rho = 0.545, p < 0.001) and PHQ-9 (rho = 0.434, p < 0.001) scale scores. This, schoolteachers' version of the SAVE-9 scale is a reliable and valid rating scale that can be applied to teachers in a pandemic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid'19, the pandemic that started in 2019 is still on its wave affecting the lives and lifestyles of the people around the world. The new normal culture was introduced in the wake of the Covid'19 so that people's job, student's learning does not get affected because of this pandemic situation. But the new normal culture of online meetings, online classes, learning through e-content and writing exams online all are dependent on high speed internet connection, smart phones and laptops. This research article analyses the impact of Covid'19 on changes in the life style of college students. The research is confined to Chennai area. The research work has used survey using questionnaire method to collect the data and has used Percentage and Factor analysis method as research tools to analyse the data. It is identified from the research that there is a positive and negative change in Psychological, social, personal and habitual wellbeing of the students. These factors highly influence the life style of the college students and there is a notable change in the lifestyle of the students before and after Covid'19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work from home is one of the policies chosen by the government due to the COVID -19 pandemic; however, work-home interactions (WHIs) can place a burden on one domain. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the dimensions of WHIs and psychological distress and how cyberloafing mediates this relationship. Data were collected with an online survey tool from 2,349 participants who worked at a government institution in Indonesia with employees across the country to test the proposed hypothesis. The results show that all forms of WHIs cause psychological distress. Further, a high level of negative work-home interactions (NWHIs) and negative home-work interactions (NHWIs) increase psychological distress. Conversely, a high level of positive work-home interactions (PWHIs) and positive home-work interactions (PHWIs) reduce psychological distress. In addition, this study's results also show that cyberloafing mediates the relationships between NWHIs, NHWIs, PWHIs, and psychological distress. This study implies the organization need to provide mental support and technology support to ensure the work of employees effective. Organizations also need to support employees to reduce work-family conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]