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Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to etiology of type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians. The objectives of this study was to evaluate effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic profile and body composition in prediabetic and vitamin D deficient overweight/obese Asian Indian women. In this open-label randomized placebo-controlled trial (78 weeks duration), 121 females (aged 20-60 years) with prediabetes and vitamin D deficiency were randomly allocated in intervention (n, 61) and placebo (n, 60) groups. The primary outcome variables were fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h blood glucose post OGTT (2-h BG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), and reversal to normoglycemia. In Intention-to-treat analysis, at the end of intervention, we observed significant decrease in FBG [-5.0 (-12.6-2.4), p = 0.04], 2-h blood glucose post OGTT [-11(-49.3-26.9), p = 0.02], hemoglobin A1c [-0.41 (5.89, 6.55), p = 0.05] and increase in 25(OH) D [7.5 (-6.0-20.9), p = 0.002] levels in intervention as compared to the placebo group. Changes in glycemic category based on FBG were as follows; intervention group: normal FBG, 58.6%; impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 39%; and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 2.4%; placebo group: normal FBG, 48.8%; IFG, 46.3%; and T2DM, 4.9%. Changes in category of 2-hour glucose post OGTT after intervention were as follows; intervention group: normal glucose tolerance (NGT) 51.2% and prediabetes, 48.8%; placebo group: NGT, 43.9%; prediabetes, 53.7% and T2DM, 2.4%. After intervention, subscapular skinfold (visit I st compared to visit III rd ) and suprailiac skinfold (visit II nd compared to visit III rd ) were significantly lower in intervention group vs. control group. In conclusion, we observed significant reduction in FBG, 2-hour glucose post OGTT, HbA1c, and truncal subcutaneous fat and reversal to normoglycemia in overweight/obese prediabetic vitamin D deficient Asian Indian women after 78 weeks of vitamin D supplementation.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of underweight, overweight and obesity among a geriatric population living in a high-altitude region of India., Design: Community-based cross-sectional study. Data were collected on sociodemographic profile and anthropometric parameters. Weight and height measurements were utilized for calculation of BMI. Nutrient intake data were collected using 24 h dietary recall., Setting: High-altitude region of Nainital District, Uttarakhand State, North India., Subjects: Community-dwelling geriatric subjects (n 981) aged 60 years or above., Results: We found that 26·6 % of the elderly subjects were underweight (BMI<18·5 kg/m2). Overweight (BMI 25·0-29·9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI≥30·0 kg/m2) was seen among 18·0 % and 4·6 %, respectively. After controlling for potential cofounders, risk factors such as low level of education and income, chewing problems and lower number of daily meals were found to be associated with underweight. On the other hand, risk factors for overweight/obesity were lower age, high income and unskilled work., Conclusions: There is a need to develop and implement intervention strategies to prevent underweight, overweight and obesity among the geriatric population of India.