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1. A comprehensive insight into current control of COVID-19: Immunogenicity, vaccination, and treatment.

Author

Mohamed Y, El-Maradny YA, Saleh AK, Nayl AA, El-Gendi H, and El-Fakharany EM

Subjects
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibodies, Viral, Humans, Vaccination, COVID-19 prevention & control, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Abstract

The healthy immune system eliminates pathogens and maintains tissue homeostasis through extraordinarily complex networks with feedback systems while avoiding potentially massive tissue destruction. Many parameters influence humoral and cellular vaccine responses, including intrinsic and extrinsic, environmental, and behavioral, nutritional, perinatal and administrative parameters. The relative contributions of persisting antibodies and immune memory as well as the determinants of immune memory induction, to protect against specific diseases are the main parameters of long-term vaccine efficacy. Natural and vaccine-induced immunity and monoclonal antibody immunotherapeutic, may be evaded by SARS-CoV-2 variants. Besides the complications of the production of COVID-19 vaccinations, there is no effective single treatment against COVID-19. However, administration of a combined treatment at different stages of COVID-19 infection may offer some cure assistance. Combination treatment of antiviral drugs and immunomodulatory drugs may reduce inflammation in critical COVID-19 patients with cytokine release syndrome. Molnupiravir, remdesivir and paxlovid are the approved antiviral agents that may reduce the recovery time. In addition, immunomodulatory drugs such as lactoferrin and monoclonal antibodies are used to control inflammatory responses in their respective auto-immune conditions. Therefore, the widespread occurrence of highly transmissible variants like Delta and Omicron indicates that there is still a lot of work to be done in designing efficient vaccines and medicines for COVID-19. In this review, we briefly discussed the immunological response against SARS-CoV-2 and the vaccines approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) for COVID-19, their mechanisms, and side effects. Moreover, we mentioned various treatment trials and strategies for COVID-19., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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2. Clinical Course and Risk Factors of Disease Deterioration in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19.

Author

Qin W, Bai W, Liu K, Liu Y, Meng X, Zhang K, and Zhang M

Subjects
Aged, Biomarkers blood, China epidemiology, Critical Illness, Disease-Free Survival, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Survival Rate, Antiviral Agents administration & dosage, COVID-19 blood, COVID-19 mortality, COVID-19 physiopathology, COVID-19 therapy, Respiration, Artificial, SARS-CoV-2 metabolism
Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in December 2019 and rapidly spread to other provinces in China as well as other countries. In this study, 262 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China, were analyzed. Data were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. Of all the 262 patients, 23 (8.8%) patients died and 239 (91.2%) were discharged. The median age was 63.5 years and 46.9% of patients were male. The main complaints were fever (83.6%), cough (63.4%), and fatigue (49.2%) in the surviving group, while there were more complaints of dyspnea (39.1%) and shortness of breath (56.5%) in the nonsurviving group. The main comorbidities were hypertension (35.5%), diabetes mellitus (16.4%), and coronary artery disease (9.9%). Morbidity is higher in elderly patients with more comorbidities. Patients were mainly treated with nasal cannula (93.9%), while the nonsurviving group received more invasive mechanical ventilation (39.1%). Arbidol (80.9%), ribavirin (36.6%), oseltamivir (38.9%), interferon (16.4%), and ganciclovir (14.5%) were used for the antiviral treatment. In the nonsurviving group, the number of white blood cells (WBC) was significantly increased and lymphocytes were decreased, and lymphopenia was more common. The levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also significantly increased in the nonsurviving group. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for association of known variables for all-cause mortality due to the coronavirus disease 2019 were 2.467 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.007-6.044; p  = 0.048) for shortness of breath and 1.025 (95% CI, 1.001-1.049; p  = 0.042) for AST. Elderly patients with more comorbidities and complaints of dyspnea and shortness of breath had increased risk of death. Patients with lymphopenia and high levels of WBC, AST, BNP, CK-MB, LDH, and CRP may be more likely to deteriorate.

Published
2021
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3. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among Beninese pregnant women in the third year of the pandemic.

Author

Figueroa-Romero, Antía, Atchadé, Aurore, Yadouleton, Anges, Fiogbe, Marc, Bonnet, Emmanuel, Yovo, Emmanuel, Accrombessi, Manfred, Hounsa, Sandrine, Paper, Thierry, Dupont, Raphael, Gaudart, Jean, Le Hesran, Jean-Yves, Massougbodji, Achille, Cottrell, Gilles, and González, Raquel

Subjects
PREGNANT women, RAPID diagnostic tests, SARS-CoV-2, THIRD trimester of pregnancy, COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract

Background: Pregnant women are a vulnerable population to COVID-19 given an increased susceptibility to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and pregnancy complications. However, few SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys have been performed among this population to assess the extent of the infection in sub-Saharan countries. The objectives of this study were to determine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among Beninese pregnant women, to identify spatial seropositivity clusters and to analyse factors associated with the infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study including women in their third trimester of pregnancy attending the antenatal care (ANC) clinics at Allada (south Benin) and Natitingou (north Benin) was conducted. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for detection of IgG/IgM against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were performed using capillary blood. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associations between SARS-CoV-2 serostatus and maternal characteristics were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Spatial analyses were performed using the spatial scan statistics to identify spatial clusters of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: A total of 861 pregnant women were enrolled between May 4 and June 29, 2022. 58/861 (6.7%) participants reported having received COVID-19 vaccine. None of the participants had been diagnosed with COVID-19 during their pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 607/802 (75.7%; 95% CI 72.56%–78.62%) of unvaccinated participants. Several urban and rural spatial clusters of SARS-CoV-2 cases were identified in Allada and one urban spatial cluster was identified in Natitingou. Unvaccinated participants from Allada with at least one previous morbidity were at a three-times higher risk of presenting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (OR = 2.89; 95%CI 1.19%-7.00%). Conclusion: Three out of four pregnant women had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, suggesting a high virus circulation among pregnant women in Benin, while COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low. Pregnant women with comorbidities may be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This population should be prioritized for COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccination in order to prevent its deleterious effects. Trial registration: NCT06170320 (retrospectively registered on December 21, 2023). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among Beninese pregnant women in the third year of the pandemic

Author

Antía Figueroa-Romero, Aurore Atchadé, Anges Yadouleton, Marc Fiogbe, Emmanuel Bonnet, Emmanuel Yovo, Manfred Accrombessi, Sandrine Hounsa, Thierry Paper, Raphael Dupont, Jean Gaudart, Jean-Yves Le Hesran, Achille Massougbodji, Gilles Cottrell, and Raquel González

Subjects
Pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2, Sub-saharan Africa, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Pregnant women are a vulnerable population to COVID-19 given an increased susceptibility to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and pregnancy complications. However, few SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys have been performed among this population to assess the extent of the infection in sub-Saharan countries. The objectives of this study were to determine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among Beninese pregnant women, to identify spatial seropositivity clusters and to analyse factors associated with the infection. Methods A cross-sectional study including women in their third trimester of pregnancy attending the antenatal care (ANC) clinics at Allada (south Benin) and Natitingou (north Benin) was conducted. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for detection of IgG/IgM against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were performed using capillary blood. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associations between SARS-CoV-2 serostatus and maternal characteristics were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Spatial analyses were performed using the spatial scan statistics to identify spatial clusters of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results A total of 861 pregnant women were enrolled between May 4 and June 29, 2022. 58/861 (6.7%) participants reported having received COVID-19 vaccine. None of the participants had been diagnosed with COVID-19 during their pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 607/802 (75.7%; 95% CI 72.56%–78.62%) of unvaccinated participants. Several urban and rural spatial clusters of SARS-CoV-2 cases were identified in Allada and one urban spatial cluster was identified in Natitingou. Unvaccinated participants from Allada with at least one previous morbidity were at a three-times higher risk of presenting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (OR = 2.89; 95%CI 1.19%-7.00%). Conclusion Three out of four pregnant women had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, suggesting a high virus circulation among pregnant women in Benin, while COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low. Pregnant women with comorbidities may be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This population should be prioritized for COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccination in order to prevent its deleterious effects. Trial registration NCT06170320 (retrospectively registered on December 21, 2023).

Published
2024
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5. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on total, sex- and age-specific all-cause mortality in 20 countries worldwide during 2020: results from the C-MOR project

Author

Christiana A Demetriou, Souzana Achilleos, Annalisa Quattrocchi, John Gabel, Elena Critselis, Constantina Constantinou, Nicoletta Nicolaou, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Catherine M Bennett, Nolwenn Le Meur, Julia A Critchley, Laust Hvas Mortensen, Jose Manuel Rodriguez-Llanes, Mario Chong, Gleb Denissov, Petra Klepac, Lucy P Goldsmith, Antonio José Leal Costa, Terje P Hagen, Marie Chan Sun, Qian Huang, Nataliia Pidmurniak, Inbar Zucker, Joseph Cuthbertson, Bo Burström, Manuel Barron, Ivan Eržen, Fabrizio Stracci, Wilson Calmon, Cyndy Martial, Olesia Verstiuk, Zalman Kaufman, Wenjing Tao, Maia Kereselidze, Nino Chikhladze, Antonis Polemitis, Andreas Charalambous, University of Nicosia, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Département Méthodes quantitatives en santé publique (METIS), Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the University of Nicosia Medical School (internal funding). The funding source did not have any involvement in study design, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and or in the decision to submit the paper for publication.

Subjects
Pandemic, Epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Global impact, Infection control, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, General Medicine, Excess mortality, All-cause mortality
Abstract

Background To understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, this study investigates overall, sex- and age-specific excess all-cause mortality in 20 countries, during 2020. Methods Total, sex- and age-specific weekly all-cause mortality for 2015–2020 was collected from national vital statistics databases. Excess mortality for 2020 was calculated by comparing weekly 2020 observed mortality against expected mortality, estimated from historical data (2015–2019) accounting for seasonality, long- and short-term trends. Crude and age-standardized rates were analysed for total and sex-specific mortality. Results Austria, Brazil, Cyprus, England and Wales, France, Georgia, Israel, Italy, Northern Ireland, Peru, Scotland, Slovenia, Sweden, and the USA displayed substantial excess age-standardized mortality of varying duration during 2020, while Australia, Denmark, Estonia, Mauritius, Norway, and Ukraine did not. In sex-specific analyses, excess mortality was higher in males than females, except for Slovenia (higher in females) and Cyprus (similar in both sexes). Lastly, for most countries substantial excess mortality was only detectable (Austria, Cyprus, Israel, and Slovenia) or was higher (Brazil, England and Wales, France, Georgia, Italy, Northern Ireland, Sweden, Peru and the USA) in the oldest age group investigated. Peru demonstrated substantial excess mortality even in the Conclusions This study highlights that excess all-cause mortality during 2020 is context dependent, with specific countries, sex- and age-groups being most affected. As the pandemic continues, tracking excess mortality is important to accurately estimate the true toll of COVID-19, while at the same time investigating the effects of changing contexts, different variants, testing, quarantine, and vaccination strategies.

Published
2022

6. Impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on contraception use in 2020 and up until the end of April 2021 in France

Author

Noémie Roland, Jérôme Drouin, David Desplas, Lise Duranteau, François Cuenot, Rosemary Dray-Spira, Alain Weill, Mahmoud Zureik, HAL UVSQ, Équipe, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, EPI-PHARE (EPI-PHARE), Caisse nationale d'assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés [CNAMTS]-Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé [Saint-Denis] (ANSM), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé, ANSM, Funding: This research was funded by EPI-PHARE, the French National Health Insurance Fund (CNAMTS) and the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM). NR, DD, FC, RDS and MZ are employees of the French National Agency for Medicines and Health, JD and AW of the French National Health Insurance Fund., and Each author has confirmed compliance with the journal's requirements for authorship. We thank Anthony Saul for his help in correcting and clarifying the manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by EPI-PHARE, the French National Health Insurance Fund (CNAMTS) and the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM). NR, DD, FC, RDS and MZ are employees of the French National Agency for Medicines and Health, JD and AW of the French National Health Insurance Fund. Declarations of interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Subjects
Adult, Adolescent, Levonorgestrel, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Article, Young Adult, Pregnancy, Contraceptive Agents, Female, Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, Infant, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare access, [SDV.MHEP.GEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Contraception, Reproductive Medicine, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Communicable Disease Control, Reproductive health, Contraceptive methods, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Sexual Health, Contraception, Postcoital, Covid-19
Abstract

International audience; Objectives: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of reimbursed contraceptives in France after 15 months of the pandemic, according to age-group and updating previous data only pertaining to the first lockdown (2 months). Study design: We conducted a national register-based study by extracting all reimbursements of oral contraceptives (OC), emergency contraception (EC), intrauterine devices (IUD), and implants from the French National Health Insurance database (SNDS), which includes and covers 99.5% of the French population, in 2018, 2019, 2020 and from January 1, 2021 to April30, 2021. We calculated the expected use of contraceptives in 2020 and 2021 in the absence of the pandemic, based on 2018 and 2019 usage and taking annual trends into account. We assessed the difference between observed and expected dispensing rates by contraceptive type and by age-group (≤18 years old, 18< age ≤25, 25< age ≤35, >35). Results: Dispensing of all contraceptives decreased compared to expect dispensing numbers: −2.0% for OC, −5.3% for EC, −9.5% for LNG-IUS, −8.6% for C-IUD, and −16.4% for implant. This decrease in the dispensing of contraceptives was observed in all age-groups, but mainly concerned women under the age of 18 years (−22% for OC, −10% for EC, −37.2% for LNG-IUS, −36.4% for C-IUD, −26.4% for implant) and those aged 18 to 25 (−5.1% for OC, −11.9% for EC, −18.1% for LNG-IUS, −15.9% for C-IUD, −17.6% for implants). Conclusions: Our study showed that the dispensing of contraceptives in France was markedly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Prescriptions for long-acting contraceptive use and women under the age of 25 years were the most substantially impacted. Ensuring access to contraceptive methods during health emergencies must be a public health policy priority. Implications: The COVID-19 pandemic strongly impacted the dispensing of contraceptives in France with varying degrees of decreased dispensing according to the type of contraceptive, the age-group and the level of pandemic-related restrictions. The impact of these restrictions on unintended pregnancy at the population level remains undetermined.

Published
2022

7. A new SARS-CoV-2 variant poorly detected by RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal samples, with high lethality: an observational study

Author

Fillâtre, Pierre, Dufour, Marie-José, Behillil, Sylvie, Vatan, Remi, Reusse, Pascale, Gabellec, Alice, Velmans, Nicolas, Montagne, Catherine, Du Coudret, Sophie Geffroy, Droumaguet, Edith, Merour, Véronique, Enouf, Vincent, Buzele, Rodolphe, Valence, Marion, Guillotel, Elena, Gagniere, Bertrand, Baidaliuk, Artem, Zhukova, Anna, Tourdjman, Mathieu, Thibault, V., Grolhier, Claire, Pronier, Charlotte, Lescure, François-Xavier, Simon-Loriere, Etienne, Costagliola, Dominique, Van Der Werf, Sylvie, Tattevin, Pierre, Massart, Nicolas, CHU de Saint-Brieuc, Centre hospitalier Pierre Le Damany - Lannion, Centre hospitalier de Lannion, Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Pasteur International Bioresources network (PIBNet), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Génomique évolutive des virus à ARN - Evolutionary genomics of RNA viruses, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine (BRM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), None, We thank Olivia Da Conceicao and Cylia Imekhlaf for their help in collecting data from patients' charts. We would like to thank all the healthcare workers, public health employees, and scientists involved in the COVID-19 response to this outbreak. We acknowledge the authors, originating and submitting laboratories of the sequences from GISAID (Supplementary Material Table S2). We avoided any direct analysis of genomic data not submitted as part of this paper and used this genomic data only as background. This work used the computational and storage services (Maestro cluster) provided by the IT department at Institut Pasteur, Paris., ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR), Jonchère, Laurent, Virus et Interférence ARN - Viruses and RNA Interference, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Morphogenèse du cœur - Heart morphogenesis (Imagine - Institut Pasteur U1163), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 variants, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, SARS-CoV-2, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], COVID-19, Coronavirus infections, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Humans, Original Article, Severity of illness index / Virology, France, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, COVID-19 / Epidemiology, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Objectives In early January 2021, an outbreak of nosocomial cases of COVID-19 emerged in Western France, with RT-PCR tests repeatedly negative on nasopharyngeal samples but positive on lower respiratory tract samples. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed a new variant, currently defining a novel SARS-CoV-2 lineage: B.1.616. In March, WHO classified this variant as ‘under investigation’ (VUI). We analyzed the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 cases related to this new variant. Methods Clinical, virological, and radiological data were retrospectively collected from medical charts in the two hospitals involved. We enrolled inpatients with either: i) positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR on a respiratory sample; ii) seroconversion with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM; iii) suggestive symptoms and typical features of COVID-19 on a chest CT scan. Cases were categorized as either: i) B.1.616; ii) variant of concern (VOC); iii) unknown. Results From January 1st to March 24th, 2021, 114 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria: B.1.616 (n=39), VOC (n=32), and unknown (n=43). B.1.616-related cases were older than VOC-related cases (81 years interquartile range [IQR] [73-88], vs 73 years IQR [67-82], P, Graphical abstract Image 1

Published
2022

8. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 1420 European patients with mild‐to‐moderate coronavirus disease 2019

Author

Lechien, Jerome R., Chiesa‐Estomba, Carlos M., Place, Sammy, Van Laethem, Yves, Cabaraux, Pierre, Mat, Quentin, Huet, Kathy, Plzak, Jan, Horoi, Mihaela, Hans, Stéphane, Rosaria Barillari, Maria, Cammaroto, Giovanni, Fakhry, Nicolas, Martiny, Delphine, Ayad, Tareck, Jouffe, Lionel, Hopkins, Claire, Saussez, Sven, Blecic, Serge, De Siati, Daniele R., Leich, Pierre, Souchay, Christel, Rossi, Camelia, Journe, Fabrice, Hsieh, Julien, Ris, Laurence, El Afia, Fahd, Harmegnies, Bernard, Distinguin, Lea, Chekkoury‐Idrissi, Younes, Circiu, Marta, Lavigne, Philippe, Lopez Delgado, Irene, Calvo‐Henriquez, Christian, Falanga, Chiara, Coppee, Frederique, Le Bon, Serge Daniel, Rodriguez, Alexandra, Dequanter, Didier, Cornelis, Jean‐Philippe, Vergez, Sebastien, Koenen, Lukas, Giuditta, Mannelli, Molteni, Gabriele, Tucciarone, Manuel, Radulesco, Thomas, Khalife, Mohamad, Fourneau, Anne‐Francoise, Cherifi, Soraya, Manto, Mario, Michel, Justin, Mannelli, Giuditta, Cantarella, Giovanna, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), We would like to thank Bayesia (BayesiaLab?, Chang?, France) for the Network Analysis, Jean-Louis Vincent and Michel Van Haeverbeek for the review of the paper or their useful comments, the heads of the Hospitals, which have been involved in the study, for their help in the rapid conduction of the study and the agreement of ethics committees, the European Press/Media (i.e. Le Monde, La Libre, Le Soir, MediQuality, MedScape, and Le Specialiste) for their help in the spread of the information about the study, and FRMH & UMONS for the grant and the support., Lechien, J. R., Chiesa-Estomba, C. M., Place, S., Van Laethem, Y., Cabaraux, P., Mat, Q., Huet, K., Plzak, J., Horoi, M., Hans, S., Barillari, M. R., Cammaroto, G., Fakhry, N., Martiny, D., Ayad, T., Jouffe, L., Hopkins, C., Saussez, S., Blecic, S., De Siati, D. R., Leich, P., Souchay, C., Rossi, C., Journe, F., Hsieh, J., Ris, L., El Afia, F., Harmegnies, B., Distinguin, L., Chekkoury-Idrissi, Y., Circiu, M., Lavigne, P., Lopez Delgado, I., Calvo-Henriquez, C., Falanga, C., Coppee, F., Le Bon, S. D., Rodriguez, A., Dequanter, D., Cornelis, J. -P., Vergez, S., Koenen, L., Giuditta, M., Molteni, G., Tucciarone, M., Radulesco, T., Khalife, M., Fourneau, A. -F., Cherifi, S., Manto, M., Michel, J., Mannelli, G., and Cantarella, G.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, myalgia, Male, medicine, Original, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], coronavirus, symptoms, Disease, epidemiological, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, patients, clinical, Olfaction Disorders, Taste Disorders, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, Sore throat, Prevalence, Nose, Age Factors, Headache, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Europe, medicine.anatomical_structure, COVID-19, Female, patient, medicine.symptom, Symptom Assessment, Coronavirus Infections, Sex characteristics, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Pneumonia, Viral, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, Sex Factors, Throat, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, Humans, Pandemics, covid‐19, rhinorrhea, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Bayes Theorem, Myalgia, coronaviru, 030104 developmental biology, business
Abstract

International audience; Background: The clinical presentation of European patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infection is still unknown. Objective: To study the clinical presentation of COVID-19 in Europe. Methods: Patients with positive diagnosis of COVID-19 were recruited from 18 European hospitals. Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained through a standardized questionnaire. Bayesian analysis was used for analysing the relationship between outcomes. Results: A total of 1,420 patients completed the study (962 females, 30.7% of healthcare workers). The mean age of patients was 39.17 ± 12.09 years. The most common symptoms were headache (70.3%), loss of smell (70.2%), nasal obstruction (67.8%), cough (63.2%), asthenia (63.3%), myalgia (62.5%), rhinorrhea (60.1%), gustatory dysfunction (54.2%) and sore throat (52.9%). Fever was reported by 45.4%. The mean duration of COVID-19 symptoms of mild-to-moderate cured patients was 11.5 ± 5.7 days. The prevalence of symptoms significantly varied according to age and sex. Young patients more frequently had ear, nose and throat complaints, whereas elderly individuals often presented fever, fatigue and loss of appetite. Loss of smell, headache, nasal obstruction and fatigue were more prevalent in female patients. The loss of smell was a key symptom of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients and was not associated with nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea. Loss of smell persisted at least 7 days after the disease in 37.5% of cured patients. Conclusion: The clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 substantially varies according to the age and the sex characteristics of patients. Olfactory dysfunction seems to be an important underestimated symptom of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 that needs to be recognized as such by the WHO.

Published
2020
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