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13 results on '"Haon, Cédric"'

8. Easy Diameter Tuning of Silicon Nanowires with Low-Cost SnO 2 -Catalyzed Growth for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Author

Keller, Caroline, Djezzar, Yassine, Wang, Jingxian, Karuppiah, Saravanan, Lapertot, Gérard, Haon, Cédric, and Chenevier, Pascale

Subjects
SILICON nanowires, NANOWIRES, LITHIUM-ion batteries, TIN oxides, DIAMETER, ANODES, TIN
Abstract

Silicon nanowires are appealing structures to enhance the capacity of anodes in lithium-ion batteries. However, to attain industrial relevance, their synthesis requires a reduced cost. An important part of the cost is devoted to the silicon growth catalyst, usually gold. Here, we replace gold with tin, introduced as low-cost tin oxide nanoparticles, to produce a graphite–silicon nanowire composite as a long-standing anode active material. It is equally important to control the silicon size, as this determines the rate of decay of the anode performance. In this work, we demonstrate how to control the silicon nanowire diameter from 10 to 40 nm by optimizing growth parameters such as the tin loading and the atmosphere in the growth reactor. The best composites, with a rich content of Si close to 30% wt., show a remarkably high initial Coulombic efficiency of 82% for SiNWs 37 nm in diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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11. Laser pyrolysis : a method of interest for the controlled synthesis of amorphous or crystalline Si@C nanoparticles - application as anode materials in Li-Ion batteries

Author

Alper, John, Boismain, Florent, Sourice, Julien, Boulineau, Adrien, Habert, Aurélie, De Vito, Eric, Porcher, Willy, Reynaud, Cécile, Haon, Cédric, Herlin-Boime, Nathalie, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Palacin, Serge, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract

International audience; In Lithium Ion Batteries, the replacement of graphite (372 mAh.g$^{-1}$) as anode active materials by higher specific capacity materials is a strategy to answer the continuous demand for increased energy storage. Silicon appears as an attractive material thanks to its high theoretical specific capacity (3579 mAh.g$^{-1}$). Use of silicon based anodes has not yet been realized because performances degrade rapidly. Silicon nanostructuration together with association of carbon enhances performances. In particular, core-shell silicon-carbon Si@C nanoparticles are attractive candidates to increase the capacity of Li-ion batteries while mitigating the detrimental effects of volume expansion upon lithiation processes. Such nanoparticles were synthesized in a single step by a continuous gas phase method, the laser pyrolysis, interesting for industrial production. We report here how flow simulations helped in the design of a reactor where decomposition of silane and ethylene are conducted in two successive reaction zones. This reactor could work in stable conditions for several hours leading to the single-step synthesis of amorphous or crystalline silicon nanoparticles coated with a carbon shell (a-Si@C). The advantages of the a-Si@C material is emphasized by comparison with c-Si@C material. In particular, cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that a-Si@C composite reaches maximal lithiation during the first sweep, which is attributed to the amorphous core. After 500 charge/discharge cycles, it retains a capacity of 1250 mAh.g$^{-1}$ (C/5 rate) and 800 mAh.g$^{-1}$ (2C), with a 99.95% coulombic efficiency Moreover, post-mortem observations show an electrode expansion of less than 20% in volume with preserved nanostructuration.

Published
2017

12. Double stage laser pyrolysis synthesis applied to silicon-carbon core-shell nanoparticles

Author

Boismain, Florent, Alper, John, Desrues, Antoine, Sublemontier, Olivier, Haon, Cédric, Herlin-Boime, Nathalie, Palacin, Serge, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract

International audience; Synthesis routes permitting the preparation of complex structures such as core@shell nanoparticles are of interest for the particles unique physical and chemical properties. We demonstrate here a versatile laser pyrolysis method for the one step synthesis of Si@C nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are synthesized in a double stage reactor developed with the help of flow simulation. Using the laser pyrolysis method, we demonstrate production rate of 10 g/h under stable condition for over 5 hours. In the first reaction zone,the precursor gas of silicon, the silane (SiH$_4$), absorbs the CO$_2$ laser and is decomposed to form silicon nanoparticles. In the second stage the carbon precursor gas, ethylene (C$_2$H$_4$), mixed with the silicon nanoparticles through a novel radial injection, is decomposed via laser excitation and the carbon is deposited on the silicon cores while avoiding homogeneous nucleation of carbon nanoparticles. The size and the crystallinity of the silicon cores are controlled with the time of interaction and power of the laser beam while the carbon content is controlled by the ethylene flow rate. Other gases were also be added for doping or alloying of the silicon core (for example germane to achieve SiGe alloy cores or ammonia to dope the carbon shell). These core-shell nanoparticles (Si@C) were tested as active materials for anodes of Li-Ion batteries. Compared to the commonly used graphite electrode, the capacity is significantly higher (therotecal values 3579 mAh/g vs 372 mAh/g) while the stability is improved in comparison with an electrode elaborated from pure silicon (500 cycles vs 50 cycles).

Published
2017

13. Silicon Core Carbon Shell Nanoparticles By Scalable Laser Pyrolysis for Li-Ion Alloy Anodes – Material Synthesis and Performance Characterization

Author

Alper, John P., Boismain, Florent, Sourice, Julien, Porcher, Willy, Foy, Eddy, Reynaud, Cécile, Haon, Cédric, Herlin-Boime, Nathalie, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Métallurgies et Cultures (IRAMAT - LMC), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Palacin, Serge

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract

International audience; As the world moves away from distributed fossil fuel use in order to mitigate the climatic effects of carbon pollution, the need for high energy density storage devices continues to grow. Secondary lithium ion batteries (LiB) are one such attractive energy storage device. Current LiB technology relies on graphitic carbon as the anode material, with a theoretical capacity of 372 mAh/g. In order to increase the energy density of LiBs, anode materials with a greater capacity for lithium storage are under intense investigation. Materials which form alloys with lithium such as antimony, germanium, silicon, and tin, all have theoretical capacities which far surpass graphite. However silicon, as the most naturally abundant element and possessing a theoretical capacity of 3579 mAh/g in the Li$_{15}$Si$_4$ alloy, is the most promising for global adoption in next generation LiBs. There are issues which require resolution before silicon can be implemented. Large volumetric changes associated with the lithiation-delithiathion process ($\sim$300%) result in material pulverization and loss of electrical contact. Also unstable solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) formation during cycling results in the consumption of lithium during operation and capacity fade [2]. Previous studies have conclusively shown that the former issue may be mitigated by utilizing nano-scale silicon materials, with particles under 150 nm in diameter remaining intact during the swelling and contraction associated with cycling. It has also been demonstrated that by encapsulating the silicon materials in carbon shells shows promise in stabilizing the SEI. Here we present a scalable process to achieve this core-shell morphology via laser mediated pyrolysis. The technique, which has been used to produce various ceramic, oxide, and metallic particles, has already been utilized on the industrial scale for silicon nanoparticle production. Previously our group demonstrated the capacity of crystalline silicon core-carbon shell materials, synthesized in a two stage pyrolysis reactor, reaches ~500 mAh/g and retains over 70% capacity at a fast 2C rate over 500 cycles. Amorphous silicon, with isotropic expansion upon lithiation, holds promise in forming a more stable SEI than crystalline silicon, and hence increased capacity retention. We have tuned pyrolysis reaction parameters in order to obtain consistent production of amorphous silicon nanoparticle cores. In this talk, a comparison of the battery testing results for amorphous vs. crystalline silicon cores will be presented. Steps to overcome present challenges with the cyclability and irreversible capacity loss due to SEI formation will also be discussed.

Published
2016

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