28 results on '"Hartley, B."'
Search Results
2. Changes in striatal dopamine release, sleep, and behavior during spontaneous Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol abstinence in male and female mice
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Andrew J. Kesner, Yolanda Mateo, Karina P. Abrahao, Stephanie Ramos-Maciel, Matthew J. Pava, Alexa L. Gracias, Riley T. Paulsen, Hartley B. Carlson, and David M. Lovinger
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Pharmacology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,organic chemicals ,mental disorders - Abstract
Withdrawal symptoms are observed upon cessation of cannabis use in humans. Although animal studies have examined withdrawal symptoms following exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), difficulties in obtaining objective measures of spontaneous withdrawal using paradigms that mimic cessation of use in humans have slowed research. The neuromodulator dopamine (DA) is affected by chronic THC treatment and plays a role in many behaviors related to human THC withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms include sleep disturbances that often drive relapse, and emotional behaviors like irritability and anhedonia. We examined THC withdrawal-induced changes in striatal DA release and the extent to which sleep disruption and behavioral maladaptation manifest during abstinence in a mouse model of chronic THC exposure. Using a THC treatment regimen known to produce tolerance, we measured electrically elicited DA release in acute brain slices from different striatal subregions during early and late THC abstinence. Long-term polysomnographic recordings from mice were used to assess vigilance state and sleep architecture before, during, and after THC treatment. We additionally assessed how behaviors that model human withdrawal symptoms are altered by chronic THC treatment in early and late abstinence. We detected altered striatal DA release, sleep disturbances that mimic clinical observations, and behavioral maladaptation in mice following tolerance to THC. Altered striatal DA release, sleep, and affect-related behaviors associated with spontaneous THC abstinence were more consistently observed in male mice. These findings provide a foundation for preclinical study of directly translatable non-precipitated THC withdrawal symptoms and the neural mechanisms that affect them.
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- 2022
3. Analysis of intensive care admissions among paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea referrals
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Sharma, S D, Gupta, S, Wyatt, M, Albert, D, and Hartley, B
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- 2018
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4. Sex-dependent changes in murine striatal dopamine release, sleep, and behavior during spontaneous Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol abstinence
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Andrew J. Kesner, Yolanda Mateo, Karina P. Abrahao, Stephanie Ramos-Maciel, Matthew J. Pava, Alexa L. Gracias, Riley T. Paulsen, Hartley B. Carlson, and David M. Lovinger
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organic chemicals ,mental disorders - Abstract
Withdrawal symptoms are observed upon cessation of cannabis use in humans. Although animal studies have examined withdrawal symptoms following exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), difficulties in obtaining objective measures of spontaneous withdrawal using paradigms that mimic cessation of use in humans have slowed research. The neuromodulator dopamine (DA) is known to be affected by chronic THC treatment and plays a role in many behaviors related to human THC withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms include sleep disturbances that often drive relapse, and emotional behaviors, e.g., irritability and anhedonia. We examined THC withdrawal-induced changes in striatal DA release and the extent to which sleep disruption and behavioral maladaptation manifest during withdrawal in a mouse chronic cannabis exposure model. Using a THC treatment regimen known to produce tolerance we measured electrically elicited DA release in acute brain slices from different striatal subregions during early and late THC abstinence. Long-term polysomnographic recordings from mice were used to assess vigilance state and sleep architecture before, during, and after THC treatment. We additionally assessed how behaviors that model human withdrawal symptoms are altered by chronic THC treatment in early and late abstinence. We detected altered striatal DA release, sleep disturbances that mimic clinical observations, and behavioral maladaptation in mice following tolerance inducing THC treatment. Sex differences were observed in nearly all metrics. Altered striatal DA release, sleep and affect-related behaviors associated with spontaneous THC abstinence were more consistently observed in male mice. To our knowledge these findings provide the first model of directly translatable non-precipitated cannabis withdrawal symptoms, in particular, sleep disruption.
- Published
- 2021
5. Changes in striatal dopamine release, sleep, and behavior during spontaneous Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol abstinence in male and female mice
- Author
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Andrew J, Kesner, Yolanda, Mateo, Karina P, Abrahao, Stephanie, Ramos-Maciel, Matthew J, Pava, Alexa L, Gracias, Riley T, Paulsen, Hartley B, Carlson, and David M, Lovinger
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Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists ,Male ,Mice ,Dopamine ,Animals ,Female ,Dronabinol ,Sleep ,Substance Withdrawal Syndrome - Abstract
Withdrawal symptoms are observed upon cessation of cannabis use in humans. Although animal studies have examined withdrawal symptoms following exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), difficulties in obtaining objective measures of spontaneous withdrawal using paradigms that mimic cessation of use in humans have slowed research. The neuromodulator dopamine (DA) is affected by chronic THC treatment and plays a role in many behaviors related to human THC withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms include sleep disturbances that often drive relapse, and emotional behaviors like irritability and anhedonia. We examined THC withdrawal-induced changes in striatal DA release and the extent to which sleep disruption and behavioral maladaptation manifest during abstinence in a mouse model of chronic THC exposure. Using a THC treatment regimen known to produce tolerance, we measured electrically elicited DA release in acute brain slices from different striatal subregions during early and late THC abstinence. Long-term polysomnographic recordings from mice were used to assess vigilance state and sleep architecture before, during, and after THC treatment. We additionally assessed how behaviors that model human withdrawal symptoms are altered by chronic THC treatment in early and late abstinence. We detected altered striatal DA release, sleep disturbances that mimic clinical observations, and behavioral maladaptation in mice following tolerance to THC. Altered striatal DA release, sleep, and affect-related behaviors associated with spontaneous THC abstinence were more consistently observed in male mice. These findings provide a foundation for preclinical study of directly translatable non-precipitated THC withdrawal symptoms and the neural mechanisms that affect them.
- Published
- 2021
6. Dopaminergic differentiation of schizophrenia hiPSCs
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Hartley, B J, Tran, N, Ladran, I, Reggio, K, and Brennand, K J
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- 2015
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7. Analysis of intensive care admissions among paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea referrals
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Albert D, Hartley B, Gupta S, Wyatt M, and Sharma Sd
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Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ,Adenoidectomy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Paediatric intensive care unit ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Intensive care ,medicine ,Humans ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Referral and Consultation ,Retrospective Studies ,Tonsillectomy ,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ,business.industry ,Infant ,Mean age ,General Medicine ,Hospitalization ,Child, Preschool ,Sleep disordered breathing ,Female ,Surgery ,Case note ,Sleep (system call) ,business ,Paediatric Surgery ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to identify the proportion of children referred to a paediatric tertiary referral centre who required admission to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) following surgery for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and to establish risk factors for these admissions. Methods Retrospective review of case notes and the operative database was performed for all children undergoing adenotonsillectomy for sleep disordered breathing and OSA symptoms in Great Ormond Street Hospital over a 10-year period. Results Overall, 1,328 children underwent adenotonsillectomy for sleep disordered breathing and OSA. The mean age was 3.1 years (standard deviation [SD]: 1.7 years). A total of 37 (2.8%) were admitted to the PICU postoperatively (mean length of PICU stay: 1.2 days, standard deviation [SD]: 0.6 days) and 282 (21.2%) required nasopharyngeal airway (nasal prong) insertion intraoperatively. The mean length of stay on the ward following surgery was 1.4 days (SD: 0.8 days). Patients with severe OSA (apnoea–hypopnoea index [AHI] >10) and ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) grade ≥3 were more likely to require postoperative PICU admission (22/37 vs 381/1,291 [pConclusions Very few children referred to a paediatric tertiary referral centre actually require PICU admission following surgery. This may be in part due to the use of a nasopharyngeal airway in patients where postoperative obstruction is anticipated. In children with severe OSA (AHI >10) and an ASA grade of ≥3, nasopharyngeal airway insertion and potential admission to the PICU should be considered.
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- 2018
8. Inhibition of STEP61 ameliorates deficits in mouse and hiPSC-based schizophrenia models
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Xu, J, primary, Hartley, B J, additional, Kurup, P, additional, Phillips, A, additional, Topol, A, additional, Xu, M, additional, Ononenyi, C, additional, Foscue, E, additional, Ho, S-M, additional, Baguley, T D, additional, Carty, N, additional, Barros, C S, additional, Müller, U, additional, Gupta, S, additional, Gochman, P, additional, Rapoport, J, additional, Ellman, J A, additional, Pittenger, C, additional, Aronow, B, additional, Nairn, A C, additional, Nestor, M W, additional, Lombroso, P J, additional, and Brennand, K J, additional
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- 2016
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9. Increased abundance of translation machinery in stem cell–derived neural progenitor cells from four schizophrenia patients
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Topol, A, primary, English, J A, additional, Flaherty, E, additional, Rajarajan, P, additional, Hartley, B J, additional, Gupta, S, additional, Desland, F, additional, Zhu, S, additional, Goff, T, additional, Friedman, L, additional, Rapoport, J, additional, Felsenfeld, D, additional, Cagney, G, additional, Mackay-Sim, A, additional, Savas, J N, additional, Aronow, B, additional, Fang, G, additional, Zhang, B, additional, Cotter, D, additional, and Brennand, K J, additional
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- 2015
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10. Inhibition of STEP61ameliorates deficits in mouse and hiPSC-based schizophrenia models
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Xu, J, Hartley, B J, Kurup, P, Phillips, A, Topol, A, Xu, M, Ononenyi, C, Foscue, E, Ho, S-M, Baguley, T D, Carty, N, Barros, C S, Müller, U, Gupta, S, Gochman, P, Rapoport, J, Ellman, J A, Pittenger, C, Aronow, B, Nairn, A C, Nestor, M W, Lombroso, P J, and Brennand, K J
- Abstract
The brain-specific tyrosine phosphatase, STEP (STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase) is an important regulator of synaptic function. STEP normally opposes synaptic strengthening by increasing N-methyl D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) internalization through dephosphorylation of GluN2B and inactivation of the kinases extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 and Fyn. Here we show that STEP61is elevated in the cortex in the Nrg1+/−knockout mouse model of schizophrenia (SZ). Genetic reduction or pharmacological inhibition of STEP prevents the loss of NMDARs from synaptic membranes and reverses behavioral deficits in Nrg1+/−mice. STEP61protein is also increased in cortical lysates from the central nervous system-specific ErbB2/4 mouse model of SZ, as well as in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived forebrain neurons and Ngn2-induced excitatory neurons, from two independent SZ patient cohorts. In these selected SZ models, increased STEP61protein levels likely reflect reduced ubiquitination and degradation. These convergent findings from mouse and hiPSC SZ models provide evidence for STEP61dysfunction in SZ.
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- 2018
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11. Cochlear implantation in CHARGE syndrome -- A systematic review.
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Ami, N., Nash, R., Rajput, K., Jephson, C. J., Cochrane, L. A., and Hartley, B. E. J.
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CONFERENCES & conventions ,COCHLEAR implants ,DEAFNESS ,EAR canal ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,CHARGE syndrome ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Introduction: CHARGE syndrome is a congenital collection of anomalies of various organs including various functional and structural anomalies of the ears. Surgical management of hearing loss in CHARGE syndrome is challenging due to various anatomical malformations of the middle and inner ear. Cochlear implantation surgery for profound sensorineural hearing loss is technically difficult due to these malformations whilst cochlea nerve hypoplasia or aplasia may compromise outcomes. Aberrant facial nerve position may increase perioperative morbidity whilst developmental delay often makes global assessment of patients with CHARGE difficult. We aim to provide surgical guidance on managment of patients with CHARGE Methods: We performed a systematic review of all trials involving cochlear implantation in CHARGE syndrome. We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE through Ovid SP and Web of Science. Primary outcome measures included Health-related quality of life, audiological outcomes as well as adverse events and complications. We also assessed the most commonly recorded ear anomalies including the findings of aberrant facial nerve positon. A retrospective series of patients with CHARGE syndrome assessed for cochlear implantation at Great Ormond Street Hospital was also performed. Results: 15 patients with CHARGE were assessed at our centre between 1993 and 2017 with ten cochlear implantations performed. Semicircular canal aplasia and vestibulocochlear dysplasia were seen in all patients. All patients had abnormal facial nerve anatomy. These findings were in keeping with the findings of our systematic review which consisted of case series/retrospective reviews. No randomised controlled trials were identified. Data from the systematic review is presented in an easy-to-interpret table. Conclusions: Cochlear implantation in CHARGE patients is surgically challenging with variable outcomes. We describe our experience and compare this to the literature through a systematic review of published outcome data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
12. Uses of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Neurodegenerative Disease: A Scoping Review.
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Sanzone J, Life M, Reiss D, May D, Hartley B, Spiddle P, Al-Kirwi J, Grigoryan T, and Costin J
- Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the administration of fecal bacteria from a healthy donor into the intestinal tract of a recipient in order to directly change the recipient's gut microbial composition and confer a health benefit. The relationship between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, termed the gut-brain axis, has been a frequent topic of gut microbiome studies. Commensal gut bacteria communicate with the central nervous system through various hormones, cytokines, and neural pathways. Therefore, influencing the gut microbiome via FMT may have the potential in treating symptoms of neurodegenerative conditions. This study aims to identify current uses of FMT in treating neurodegenerative diseases and highlight areas of future investigation. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, a literature search was conducted of peer-reviewed sources on September 27, 2022, from Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central. Search terms were utilized that were related to the application of FMT and neurodegenerative disorders and limited those human studies, those that were published in English, and those that were published between 2017 and 2022. The initial search yielded 450 unique articles, and after the assessment of the title and abstract for inclusion and exclusion criteria, six articles were identified for full-text review. Studies that focused on either Parkinson's disease (PD) or multiple sclerosis (MS) demonstrated improvements in both motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms. FMT was also shown to provide significant relief of constipation and general gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in all conditions studied. The studies related to MS showed the most mixed results with regard to symptomatic improvement. The data on the use of FMT as a treatment for neurodegenerative disorders is limited; however, studies have shown not only improvement in GI symptoms but also improvement in the cognitive symptoms of PD and dementia. The data on FMT as a treatment to improve the motor symptoms of PD is both more complete and more compelling than the data on the motor symptoms of MS. The studies that were reviewed showed no major adverse effects of FMT and generally promising results. There is a strong case to be made for larger, more well-controlled studies to be done on FMT and its potential use as a treatment not only for GI symptoms but for the motor and cognitive symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Sanzone et al.)
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- 2024
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13. Gender Diversity in Sports Medicine: Current Trends.
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Whitaker J, Sachdeva S, Nyland J, and Hartley B
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As the sports medicine field has grown, the need for a more diverse workforce has become more evident. Given the growing athlete diversity that exists at all recreational and competitive levels of organized sports, it is important to better understand the current state of athletic health care diversity. This review assesses the current state of diversity in sports medicine from the perspective of the medical and athletic training professions. Men and women currently display nearly equivalent participation levels; however, the distribution of female team physicians and athletic trainers could better match the teams that they serve. Although progress has been made, much more needs to be done to bring more female athletic trainers and team physicians into athletic health care leadership roles. Early mentoring programs have shown efficacy for increasing the number of female candidates who might become the foundation of future athletic health care and academic program leaders., Level of Evidence: V, expert opinion., (© 2023 The Authors.)
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- 2023
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14. The Apprentice Model 2.0: Enhancement of the Apprentice Model.
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Hartley B and Dubuque M
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There are not enough board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs) with specialization in the treatment of individuals with autism to meet the growing patient demand for applied behavior analysis (ABA) treatment. In addition, there are no streamlined, organization-led fieldwork supervision systems to aid in the professional development of Trainees to meet this need. This article describes enhancements made to the Apprentice Model (Hartley et al., 2016), emphasizing the mutual benefit to the Apprentice, the Supervising BCBA, the organization for which they are both employed, and perhaps most important, the field of behavior analysis. Within the organization where the Apprentice Model has been adopted, 88% of Apprentices who took the exam, since the 2022 modifications were applied, passed on their first attempt despite attending universities with 2021 reported pass rates ranging from 34%-60% (Behavior Analysts Certification Board [BACB], 2023). In addition, through the 6-year history of the adoption of the Apprentice Model, 70% of the organization's BCBAs who supervise a caseload of patients were prior Apprentices. Structuring a wide-scale supervision model within an organization creates opportunities for the Trainee to experience high-quality tailored fieldwork, it allows the Supervising BCBA to provide supervision under a well-organized and structured framework, and it permits the organization to employ high-quality, newly certified BCBAs to begin meeting patient treatment needs., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40617-023-00799-9., Competing Interests: Conflicts with InterestWe have no conflict of interest to disclose., (© Association for Behavior Analysis International 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)
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- 2023
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15. Loss of ADAM15 Exacerbates Transition to Decompensated Myocardial Hypertrophy and Dilation Through Activation of the Calcineurin Pathway.
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Aujla PK, Hu M, Hartley B, Kranrod JW, Viveiros A, Kilic T, Owen CA, Oudit GY, Seubert JM, Julien O, and Kassiri Z
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- Humans, Mice, Animals, Infant, Membrane Proteins genetics, ADAM Proteins genetics, Laminin, Cardiomyopathies
- Abstract
Background: Myocardial hypertrophy and dilation are key features of cardiomyopathies and involve several cellular and molecular events. ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinases) are membrane-bound proteinases with diverse functions whose role in heart disease remains underexplored. ADAM15 is expressed in the heart and is downregulated in the failing human heart. We investigated the role ADAM15 in pressure overload cardiomyopathy., Methods: We assessed ADAM15 levels in myocardial specimens from patients. Its direct role in pressure overload was investigated by subjecting wildtype and Adam15 -deficient mice to transverse aortic constriction (TAC)., Results: ADAM15 levels did not change in patients with concentric hypertrophy, but markedly decreased in eccentric hypertrophy and heart failure. Loss of ADAM15 alone did not cause cardiomyopathy in mice (1 year old). After TAC, Adam15
-/- mice exhibited worsened eccentric hypertrophy and dilation with greater increase in hypertrophy markers (pJNK, pERK1/2; Nppb, Nppa , Myh7 , Acta1 ) compared with wildtype-TAC. Expression of integrin-α7 (but not integrin β1) increased significantly more in Adam15-/- -TAC hearts, while the interaction of these integrins with basement membrane (laminin), decreased consistent with worsened left ventricle dilation. In vitro, ADAM15 knockdown increased cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in response to mechanical stretch. Adam15-/- -TAC hearts exhibited increased calcineurin activity and de-phosphorylation of nuclear factor of activated T cells. Calcineurin inhibition (cyclosporin-A) blocked the excess hypertrophy and dilation in Adam15-/- -TAC mice. Proteome profiling demonstrated the increased abundance of the key proteins linked to worsened DCM in Adam15-/- -TAC., Conclusion: This is the first report demonstrating that ADAM15 can suppress hypertrophy through regulating the integrin-laminin interaction and the calcineurin pathway.- Published
- 2023
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16. Time-Dependent Risk of Cardiovascular Events Following an Exacerbation in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Post Hoc Analysis From the IMPACT Trial.
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Dransfield MT, Criner GJ, Halpin DMG, Han MK, Hartley B, Kalhan R, Lange P, Lipson DA, Martinez FJ, Midwinter D, Singh D, Wise R, and Kunisaki KM
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- Disease Progression, Hospitalization, Humans, Lung, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive complications, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive diagnosis, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive epidemiology
- Abstract
Background The association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations and increased cardiovascular event risk has not been adequately studied in a heterogenous population with both low and high cardiovascular risk. Methods and Results This post hoc analysis of the IMPACT (Informing the Pathway of COPD Treatment) trial (N=10 355 symptomatic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at risk of exacerbations) evaluated time-dependent risk of cardiovascular adverse events of special interest (CVAESI) following exacerbations and impact of exacerbation history, cardiovascular risk factors, and study treatment on this association. Risk (time-to-first) of CVAESI or CVAESI resulting in hospitalization or death was assessed during and 1 to 30, 31 to 90, and 91 to 365 days after resolution of moderate or severe exacerbations. CVAESI risk was compared between the period before and during/after exacerbation. CVAESI risk increased significantly during a moderate (hazard ratio [HR], 2.63 [95% CI, 2.08-3.32]) or severe (HR, 21.84 [95% CI, 17.71-26.93]) exacerbation and remained elevated for 30 days following an exacerbation (moderate: HR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.28-2.08]; severe: HR, 1.75 [95% CI, 0.99-3.11; nonsignificant]) and decreased over time, returning to baseline by 90 days. Risk of CVAESI resulting in hospitalization or death also increased during an exacerbation (moderate: HR, 2.46 [95% CI, 1.53-3.97]; severe: HR, 41.29 [95% CI, 30.43-56.03]) and decreased in a similar time-dependent pattern. Results were consistent regardless of exacerbation history, cardiovascular risk at screening, or study treatment. Conclusions Overall risk of cardiovascular events was higher during and in the 30 days following chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, even among those with low cardiovascular risk, highlighting the need for exacerbation prevention and vigilance for cardiovascular events following exacerbations. Registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02164513; Unique identifier: NCT02164513.
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- 2022
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17. Placement of LC-II and trans-sacral screws using a robotic arm in a simulated bone model in the supine position - a feasibility study.
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Carlson JB, Zou J, and Hartley B
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Purpose: The use of a robotic arm has been well-described in the literature for the placement of pedicle screws in spine surgery as well as implants for sacroiliac joint fusion. There are no reports describing the use of a robotic arm to place screws in osseous fixation pathways (OFPs) employed in the treatment of pelvic ring and acetabular fractures outside of a single center in China. Using a Sawbones model, the authors describe a technique for using a robotic arm widely available in Europe and the Americas for placement of 6.5 mm cannulated screws into two OFPs commonly used in the treatment of pelvic and acetabular fractures., Methods: Using the Mazor X Stealth Edition (MSXE) robot from Medtronic, the authors were able to place a pin into the pelvis onto which the robot was docked. The authors were then able to designate the area of interest using navigated instruments, and in combination with the MSXE "scan and plan" marker, obtain cross-sectional imaging using the O-Arm and successfully register the MSXE robot. We then used the provided software to plan trajectories for the lateral compression type 2 (LC-II) screw pathway as well as a pathway for a trans-ilio-trans-sacral screw. We describe in detail the steps for setup, planning and placement of 6.5 mm cannulated screws using the MSXE robotic arm into these two OFPs., Results: Visual inspection and plain x-rays demonstrated successful placement of the screws into the two planned OFPs. No breach of cortical bone was seen on either visual inspection of the model or demonstrated on post-procedure x-rays., Conclusion: It is possible to use the Mazor X Stealth Edition robot to place screws into the LC-II and trans-ilio-transsacral screw pathways in a Sawbones model. This is only a feasibility study, and should in no way be taken to suggest that clinical application of this technique should be attempted., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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18. A single blood eosinophil count measurement is as good as two for prediction of ICS treatment response in the IMPACT trial.
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Bafadhel M, Barnes N, Bourke SC, Compton C, Criner GJ, Dransfield MT, Halpin DMG, Han MK, Hartley B, Jones CE, Lange P, Lettis S, Lipson DA, Lomas DA, Martin N, Martinez FJ, Wise R, and Singh D
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- Administration, Inhalation, Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use, Bronchodilator Agents therapeutic use, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Eosinophils, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive drug therapy
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: M. Bafadhel reports grants from AstraZeneca; advisory board attendance for AstraZeneca, Chiesi, Boehringer Ingelheim and GSK (in the last 3 years); attendance at educational meetings facilitated by AstraZeneca, Chiesi and Boehringer Ingelheim (in the last 3 years); and scientific advisor for ProAxsis and AlbusHealth. Conflict of interest: N. Barnes is an employee of GSK and holds stocks and shares in GSK. Conflict of interest: S.C. Bourke reports research grants from GSK, Philips, ResMed and Pfizer Open Air, support to attend scientific meetings from Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GSK and AstraZeneca and personal fees from Novartis, Chiesi and ResMed. Conflict of interest: C. Compton is an employee of GSK and holds stocks and shares in GSK. Conflict of interest: G.J. Criner reports personal fees from Almirall, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Broncus Medical, Chiesi, CSA Medical, Eolo, Gala Therapeutics, GSK, Helios Medical, Medtronic, Merck, Mereo BioPharma, NGM Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Nuvaira, Olympus, Philips Respironics, Pulmonx, Respivant Sciences, The Implementation Group and Verona; and has ownership interest in HGE Technologies. Conflict of interest: M.T. Dransfield reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, PneumRx/BTG, Quark Pharmaceuticals and GSK, grant support from the American Lung Association, Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs and NIH, and contracted clinical trial support from Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Yungjin, PneumRx/BTG, Pulmonx, Boston Scientific, Gala, Nuvaira and GSK. Conflict of interest: D.M.G. Halpin reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer and Sanofi, and non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis. Conflict of interest: M.K. Han reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, GSK, Mylan, Merck and Boehringer Ingelheim, and research support from Novartis and Sunovion. Conflict of interest: B. Hartley is a contingent worker with a contract research organisation working on behalf of GSK and holds shares in GSK. Conflict of interest: C.E. Jones is an employee of GSK and holds stocks and shares in GSK. Conflict of interest: P. Lange reports personal fees from GSK, AstraZeneca and Boehringer Ingelheim, and grant support from Boehringer Ingelheim and GSK. Conflict of interest: S. Lettis is an employee of GSK and holds stocks and shares in GSK. Conflict of interest: D.A. Lipson is an employee of GSK and holds stocks and shares in GSK. Conflict of interest: D.A. Lomas reports grant income, honoraria, and consultancy fees from GSK, and personal fees from Grifols, and chaired the GSK Respiratory Therapy Area Board 2012–2015. Conflict of interest: N. Martin is an employee of GSK and holds stocks and shares in GSK. Conflict of interest: F.J. Martinez reports personal fees and non-financial support from the American College of Chest Physicians, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Continuing Education, ConCert, Genentech, GSK, Inova Fairfax Health System, Miller Communications, National Society for Continuing Education, Novartis, Pearl Pharmaceuticals, PeerView Communications, Prime Communications, Puerto Rico Respiratory Society, Chiesi, Roche, Sunovion, Theravance, Potomac, University of Alabama Birmingham, Physicians Education Resource, Canadian Respiratory Network and Teva, non-financial support from ProterrixBio, Gilead, Nitto and Zambon, and personal fees from Columbia University, Integritas, MD Magazine, Methodist Hospital Brooklyn, New York University, Unity, UpToDate, WedMD/MedScape, Western Connecticut Health Network, Academic CME, Patara, PlatformIQ, American Thoracic Society, Rockpointe and France Foundation, grant support from NIH, Rare Disease Health Communications and ProMedior, and is a member of steering committees for Afferent/Merck, Biogen, Veracyte, Prometic, Bayer and Bridge Biotherapeutics. Conflict of interest: R. Wise reports personal fees from AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Boehringer Ingelheim, ContraFect, Pulmonx, Roche, Spiration, Sunovion, Merck, Circassia, Pneuma, Verona, Bonti, Denali, Aradigm, Mylan/Theravance, Propeller Health, AbbVie and GSK, and grant support from AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pearl Therapeutics, GSK and Sanofi-Aventis. Conflict of interest: D. Singh reports personal fees from GSK, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, Genentech, Glenmark, Menarini, Mundipharma, Novartis, Peptinnovate, Pfizer, Pulmatrix, Theravance and Verona, and grant support from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Glenmark, Menarini, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Pulmatrix, Theravance and Verona.
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- 2021
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19. Triple Versus Dual Combination Therapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Asian Countries: Analysis of the IMPACT Trial.
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Halpin DMG, Criner GJ, Dransfield MT, Han MK, Hartley B, Harvey C, Jones CE, Kato M, Lange P, Lettis S, Lomas DA, Martinez FJ, Martin N, Singh D, Wise R, Zheng J, and Lipson DA
- Abstract
Introduction: In the IMPACT trial, single-inhaler triple therapy fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) reduced moderate/severe exacerbation rates versus FF/VI or UMEC/VI dual therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, pneumonia incidence was higher in FF-containing arms. As COPD is a growing problem in Asia, we compared the efficacy and safety of FF/UMEC/VI in Asia versus non-Asia regions., Methods: IMPACT was a double-blind, 52-week trial in symptomatic COPD patients with ≥ 1 moderate/severe exacerbation in the prior year. This pre-specified analysis evaluated the annual rate of moderate/severe exacerbations, change from baseline in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score, mortality, and safety (including pneumonia) in Asia versus non-Asia regions., Results: The intent-to-treat population comprised 10,355 patients (Asia n = 1644 [16%]). Rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) for moderate/severe exacerbations with FF/UMEC/VI were 0.89 (0.76-1.05) versus FF/VI and 0.86 (0.71-1.04) versus UMEC/VI in Asia, and 0.84 (0.79-0.90) and 0.74 (0.68-0.80) in non-Asia. Efficacy of FF/UMEC/VI on other endpoints was similar in both regions. There was an increased incidence of investigator-reported pneumonia in patients in Asia (FF/UMEC/VI: 13%; FF/VI: 14%; UMEC/VI: 6%) compared with non-Asia (FF/UMEC/VI: 6%; FF/VI: 5%; UMEC/VI: 4%). The increased risk of pneumonia in patients in Asia was most marked in patients with lower body mass index, lower lung function, and taking inhaled corticosteroids. In post hoc analysis of adjudicated on-treatment all-cause mortality, probabilities of death were numerically lower in both regions with FF/UMEC/VI (Asia: 1.16%; non-Asia: 1.35%) and FF/VI (Asia: 1.77%; non-Asia: 1.21%) versus UMEC/VI (Asia: 1.91%; non-Asia: 2.23%)., Conclusions: FF/UMEC/VI provides similar benefits in COPD patients in Asia and non-Asia regions. Clinical benefits of treatment, including reduction in mortality risk, should be weighed against risk of pneumonia, taking account of all known risk factors., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identification, NCT02164513.
- Published
- 2021
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20. Subglottic ectopic thymus mimicking airway haemangioma.
- Author
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Konstantinidou S, Butler CR, Hartley B, and Frauenfelder C
- Subjects
- Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Propranolol therapeutic use, Respiratory Sounds etiology, Hemangioma diagnostic imaging, Laryngeal Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Lymphatic Diseases
- Abstract
Subglottic haemangioma presents as progressive obstruction in the neonatal and infantile airway, with a soft lesion seen during endoscopy. Diagnosis is based on macroscopic findings, biopsy is not usually performed and propranolol is first-line treatment. In contrast, ectopic thymus is a rare differential diagnosis for subglottic mass made by histopathological examination after excision or autopsy. In this article, we present a case of an infant with a subglottic lesion with endoscopic features consistent with haemangioma. After initial clinical response to propranolol, the patient represented with progressive stridor no longer responding to therapy. Open excision of the lesion was performed, and histopathology revealed ectopic thymus tissue. In this case, ectopic thymus tissue mimicked the presentation of subglottic haemangioma, and confirmation bias persisted due to an apparent initial clinical response to treatment with propranolol. In cases of subglottic mass refractory to medical treatment, excision of the lesion should be considered., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2021
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21. Fibrous histiocytoma of the nose in an 8-year-old girl.
- Author
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Pandey G, Varadharajan K, Konstantinidou S, and Hartley B
- Subjects
- Child, Female, Humans, Neck, Nose, Pharynx, Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous diagnostic imaging, Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous surgery, Otolaryngology
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
- Published
- 2021
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22. Fourth branchial pouch anomaly presenting as a neonatal neck lump.
- Author
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Reading J, Nash R, and Hartley B
- Subjects
- Branchial Region surgery, Branchioma surgery, Cautery methods, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms congenital, Head and Neck Neoplasms surgery, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Laryngoscopy, Neck, Branchial Region abnormalities, Branchioma diagnosis, Head and Neck Neoplasms diagnosis
- Abstract
A 1-week-old female infant presented with a transilluminating neck lump that increased in size with crying. The presumptive diagnosis was lymphatic malformation, but imaging raised the possibility of an abscess or necrotic tumour. A biopsy revealed a likely developmental cyst with local inflammatory change. Microlaryngoscopy revealed a fourth branchial pouch sinus, which was cauterised. The sinus and neck lump resolved without need for further treatment., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2020
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23. Residency Selection Preferences and Orthopaedic Career Perceptions: A Notable Mismatch.
- Author
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Whitaker J, Hartley B, Zamora R, Duvall D, and Wolf V
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Job Description, Male, Orthopedic Surgeons psychology, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Work-Life Balance, Workload, Attitude of Health Personnel, Career Choice, Choice Behavior, Education, Medical, Graduate, Internship and Residency, Orthopedic Procedures education, Orthopedic Surgeons education, Students, Medical psychology
- Abstract
Background: Despite near-equal enrollment of males and females in medical schools, orthopaedic surgery continues to have one of the lowest percentage of female orthopaedic residents. This suggests there may be factors that specifically influence females to select other specialties. Some of these possible reasons have been explored in other studies; however, in this study, we sought to identify latent or unobserved variables that may be influencing this difference by conducting an explanatory factor analysis of male and female residency preferences., Purposes/questions: In this study, by surveying a cohort of medical students at a single institution, we asked, is there a difference between males and females (1) in their perception of orthopaedic surgery and (2) in their preferences for residency and practice? We further asked, if there are differences, (3) is there a correlation between perception and preferences for residency and practice?, Methods: A 46-question survey was sent to all current medical students (n = 628) at a major urban university with near-equal enrollment of males (55%, 345 of 628) and females (45%, 283 of 628) from September 2017 to November 2017. The survey consisted of two main parts: (1) desired attributes of a residency program and (2) perceptions of orthopaedic residency and practice. The design of the survey instruments closely followed The Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) checklist and went through several variations and pilot studies before release. In all, 33% (205 of 628) total medical students responded to the email survey, 55% (112 of 205) were male and 45% (93 of 205) were female. The proportion of male and female respondents matched the gender distribution of the total population surveyed, which at the time of the survey was 55% male and 45% female.The data analysis was performed using a Mann-Whitney U test and an explanatory factor analysis. The explanatory factor analysis was used to identify the correlation between survey variables among male and female students. An alpha less than 0.05 was considered significant for the Mann-Whitney U test and a factor greater than 0.5 was considered significant for the factor analysis., Results: Both male and female students ranked "work-life balance" and "variety in specialty" among the top three most important preferences. Females ranked "range of practice options," higher than males (72% females versus 60% males, r = 0.18; p = 0.009), and males ranked "previous exposure to the specialty" higher than females (65% females versus 71% males, r = 0.03; p = 0.70). Both male and female students had similar overall perceptions of orthopaedic surgery. Both males and females indicated that orthopedics is "male dominated," has "competitive entrance requirements," and requires "long residency work hours." They differed in their perception of "requires physical strength" (60% females versus 38% males, r = 0.28; p < 0.0005), and by how much orthopaedics is "male dominated" (95% females versus 77% males, r = 0.26; p < 0.0005). The factor analysis recognized that, although male and female students do have some similar residency preferences, the influence or weighing of those preferences is different for male and female students. In a manner similar to a personality assessment, the factor analysis produced four latent factors that can help explain variation seen in responses and helped identify influential factors that were not directly tested by the survey. The first such latent factor for females consisted of "work-life balance," "residency length," 'residency work hours," and "family-friendly specialty." Although the first latent factor for males consisted of "prestige," "income potential," "grade or step scores," and "competitiveness of residency program." The three subsequent latent factors also displayed variation in the make-up of the latent factors between males and female students., Conclusions: This study of medical students at an urban medical school found that male and female students shared many preferences for residency specialties and held many of the same perceptions regarding orthopaedic surgery. The explanatory factor analysis indicated that male and female students weight preferences differently when selecting a specialty; this difference may account for the large differences in proportion between males and females in orthopaedic residency., Clinical Relevance: Attracting talented residents and attending physicians is important for the success of any medical department. Although orthopaedics attracts some of the most talented students, these students are predominantly male. By identifying the multifactorial areas that may be inadvertently discouraging females from applying, orthopaedic residency programs may be able to better address those issues and attract the best talent of both genders.
- Published
- 2020
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24. Missing diversity in brain tumor trials.
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Taha B, Winston G, Tosi U, Hartley B, Hoffman C, Dahmane N, Mason CE, and Greenfield JP
- Abstract
Background: Clinical trials for brain tumors represent a significant opportunity for both patients and providers to understand and combat a disease with substantial morbidity. The aim of this study was to quantify and map ethnic and racial representation in brain tumor trials and examine the potential gaps in trial recruitment. We also show that these representation gaps persist even in large multicultural cities like New York City., Methods: We analyzed brain tumor clinical trials registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov between July 1, 2005 and completed on or before November 11, 2017. We used a combination of PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar to find associated publications and obtained trial information as well as patient demographic information (when available) including race or ancestry., Results: Out of 471 trials, 27% had no published results. Only 28.4% of trials with results reported race or ethnicity of trial participants, with no observed upward trend by year. Whites were significantly overrepresented in trials for metastatic brain tumors ( P < .001) and high-grade trials ( P < .001). Blacks/African Americans (AAs), Hispanics, and Asians were significantly underrepresented ( P < .001) in high-grade trials, while only Blacks/AAs were underrepresented in trials for metastatic brain tumors ( P < .001). Representation gaps were not observed in pediatric trials. Despite being a multicultural hub, New York City displayed similar gaps in trial representation., Conclusions: Despite increasing representation in the American population, minorities are underrepresented in brain tumor trials. In addition, despite numerous legal requirements and ethical mandates, published results including race-based information are remarkably absent from 70% of brain tumor trials., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press, the Society for Neuro-Oncology and the European Association of Neuro-Oncology.)
- Published
- 2020
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25. Myocardial MMP-2 contributes to SERCA2a proteolysis during cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
- Author
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Roczkowsky A, Chan BYH, Lee TYT, Mahmud Z, Hartley B, Julien O, Armanious G, Young HS, and Schulz R
- Subjects
- Animals, Calcium-Binding Proteins metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Hydroxamic Acids pharmacology, Isolated Heart Preparation, Male, Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors pharmacology, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury pathology, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury physiopathology, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury prevention & control, Myocardium pathology, Proteolysis, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum drug effects, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum pathology, Sulfones pharmacology, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 metabolism, Myocardial Contraction drug effects, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury enzymology, Myocardium enzymology, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum enzymology, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases metabolism
- Abstract
Aims: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is a zinc-dependent protease which contributes to cardiac contractile dysfunction when activated during myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. MMP-2 is localized to several subcellular sites inside cardiac myocytes; however, its role in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is unknown. The Ca2+ ATPase SERCA2a, which pumps cytosolic Ca2+ into the SR to facilitate muscle relaxation, is degraded in cardiac IR injury; however, the protease responsible for this is unclear. We hypothesized that MMP-2 contributes to cardiac contractile dysfunction by proteolyzing SERCA2a, thereby impairing its activity in IR injury., Methods and Results: Isolated rat hearts were subjected to IR injury in the presence or absence of the selective MMP inhibitor ARP-100, or perfused aerobically as a control. Inhibition of MMP activity with ARP-100 significantly improved the recovery of cardiac mechanical function and prevented the increase of a 70 kDa SERCA2a degradation fragment following IR injury, although 110 kDa SERCA2a and phospholamban levels appeared unchanged. Electrophoresis of IR heart samples followed by LC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of a SERCA2a fragment of ∼70 kDa. MMP-2 activity co-purified with SR-enriched microsomes prepared from the isolated rat hearts. Endogenous SERCA2a in SR-enriched microsomes was proteolyzed to ∼70 kDa products when incubated in vitro with exogenous MMP-2. MMP-2 also cleaved purified porcine SERCA2a in vitro. SERCA activity in SR-enriched microsomes was decreased by IR injury; however, this was not prevented with ARP-100., Conclusion: This study shows that MMP-2 activity is found in SR-enriched microsomes from heart muscle and that SERCA2a is proteolyzed by MMP-2. The cardioprotective actions of MMP inhibition in myocardial IR injury may include the prevention of SERCA2a degradation., (Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2019. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2020
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26. Misinterpretation of time-to-first event curves can lead to inappropriate treatment.
- Author
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Hartley B, Criner GJ, Dransfield MT, Halpin DMG, Han MK, Jones CE, Kilbride S, Lange P, Lipson DA, Lomas DA, Martin N, Martinez FJ, Singh D, Wise RA, and Lettis S
- Subjects
- Humans, Precision Medicine, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: B. Hartley reports grant support and medical writing support funded by GlaxoSmithKline, during the conduct of the study; B. Hartley is a contingent worker on assignment at GlaxoSmithKline, and holds shares in GlaxoSmithKline, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: G.J. Criner reports grant support and medical writing support funded by GlaxoSmithKline, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, CSA Medical, Eolo, GlaxoSmithKline, HGE Technologies, Novartis, Nuvaira, Olympus, Pulmonx, Verona and NGM Bio, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: M.T. Dransfield reports grant support and medical writing support funded by GlaxoSmithKline, during the conduct of the study; grants from Department of Defense and NIH, has received personal fees for consultancy from and undertaken clinical trials for Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, PneumRx/BTG, Boston Scientific and GlaxoSmithKline, undertaken clinical trials for Novartis, Yungjin and Pulmonx, personal fees for consultancy from Genentech and Quark Pharmaceuticals, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: D.M.G. Halpin reports grant support and medical writing support funded by GlaxoSmithKline, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer, personal fees and non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: M.K. Han reports grant support and medical writing support funded by GlaxoSmithKline, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from AstraZeneca and Boehringer Ingelheim, grant support from Novartis and Sunovion, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: C.E. Jones reports grant support and medical writing support funded by GlaxoSmithKline, during the conduct of the study; C.E. Jones is an employee of and holds shares/options in GlaxoSmithKline, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: S. Kilbride reports grant support and medical writing support funded by GlaxoSmithKline, during the conduct of the study; S. Kilbride is an employee of and holds shares/options in GlaxoSmithKline, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: P. Lange reports grant support and medical writing support funded by GlaxoSmithKline, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Chiesi, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: D.A. Lipson reports grant support and medical writing support funded by GlaxoSmithKline, during the conduct of the study; D.A. Lipson is an employee of and holds shares/options in GlaxoSmithKline, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: D.A. Lomas reports grant support and medical writing support funded by GlaxoSmithKline, during the conduct of the study; grants, personal fees for consultancy and honoraria from GlaxoSmithKline, personal fees for consultancy from Grifols, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: N. Martin reports grant support and medical writing support funded by GlaxoSmithKline, during the conduct of the study; N. Martin is an employee of and holds shares/options in GlaxoSmithKline, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: F.J. Martinez reports grant support and medical writing support funded by GlaxoSmithKline, during the conduct of the study; personal fees and travel support for educational activities from American College of Chest Physicians, Inova Fairfax Health System, MD Magazine, Miller Communications, National Association for Continuing Education, PeerView Communications, Prime Communications, Puerto Rican Respiratory Society, Potomac, University of Alabama Birmingham, Physicians Education Resource, Canadian Respiratory Network and Dartmouth, personal fees for advisory board work, steering committee work and lectures, and travel support from AstraZeneca, personal fees for advisory board work, data monitoring committee work and lectures, and travel support from Boehringer Ingelheim and Genentech, non-financial support for advisory board work from ProterrixBio, personal fees for educational activities from Columbia University, Integritas, Methodist Hospital Brooklyn, New York University, UpToDate, WebMD/MedScape, Western Connecticut Health Network, PlatformIQ, Rockpointe, Rare Disease Healthcare Communications and France Foundation, personal fees for advisory board work and travel support from ConCert, Sunovion, Theravance and Teva, personal fees for advisory board work and non-financial support for travel, lecturing, steering committee work and data monitoring committee work from GlaxoSmithKline, personal fees for advisory board work and lectures, and travel support from Novartis, personal fees for advisory board work and non-financial support for steering committee work from Pearl Pharmaceuticals, personal fees for advisory board work and educational activites, and travel support from Chiesi, non-financial support for steering committee work from Afferent/Merck, Gilead, Nitto, Veracyte, Prometic, Bayer and ProMedior, personal fees for consultancy and steering committee work from Patara/Respivant, non-financial support for data monitoring committee and steering committee work from Biogen, non-financial support for lecturing and advisory board work from Zambon, personal fees for journal editorship from American Thoracic Society, grants from NIH, non-financial support for consultancy from Bridge Biotherapeutics, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: D. Singh reports grant support and medical writing support funded by GlaxoSmithKline, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Cipla, Genentech and Peptinnovate, grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingleheim, Chiesi, Glenmark, Menarini, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Pulmatrix, Therevance and Verona, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: R.A. Wise reports grant support and medical writing support funded by GlaxoSmithKline, personal fees for data monitoring committee and advisory board work from GlaxoSmithKline, during the conduct of the study; grants and personal fees for data monitoring committee and consultancy work from AstraZeneca/Medimmune and GSK, grants and personal fees for data monitoring and steering committee work from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees for clinical end-point committee work from Contrafect, personal fees for data monitoring committee work from Pulmonx, Roche, Merck and AbbVie, personal fees for steering committee work from Spiration, personal fees for workshops and consultancy from Sunovion, grants from Pearl Therapeutics and Sanofi-Aventis, personal fees for consultancy from Circassia, Pneuma, Verona, Denali, Aradigm, Mylan/Theravance and Propelloer Health, personal fees for safety review committee work from Bonti, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: S. Lettis reports grant support and medical writing support funded by GlaxoSmithKline, during the conduct of the study; S. Lettis is an employee of and holds shares/options in GlaxoSmithKline, outside the submitted work.
- Published
- 2019
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27. Inhibition of STEP 61 ameliorates deficits in mouse and hiPSC-based schizophrenia models.
- Author
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Xu J, Hartley BJ, Kurup P, Phillips A, Topol A, Xu M, Ononenyi C, Foscue E, Ho SM, Baguley TD, Carty N, Barros CS, Müller U, Gupta S, Gochman P, Rapoport J, Ellman JA, Pittenger C, Aronow B, Nairn AC, Nestor MW, Lombroso PJ, and Brennand KJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Humans, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Neuregulin-1 genetics, Neurons metabolism, Phosphorylation, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases genetics, Rats, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate metabolism, Schizophrenia genetics, Ubiquitination, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases physiology, Schizophrenia metabolism
- Abstract
The brain-specific tyrosine phosphatase, STEP (STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase) is an important regulator of synaptic function. STEP normally opposes synaptic strengthening by increasing N-methyl D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) internalization through dephosphorylation of GluN2B and inactivation of the kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Fyn. Here we show that STEP
61 is elevated in the cortex in the Nrg1+/- knockout mouse model of schizophrenia (SZ). Genetic reduction or pharmacological inhibition of STEP prevents the loss of NMDARs from synaptic membranes and reverses behavioral deficits in Nrg1+/- mice. STEP61 protein is also increased in cortical lysates from the central nervous system-specific ErbB2/4 mouse model of SZ, as well as in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived forebrain neurons and Ngn2-induced excitatory neurons, from two independent SZ patient cohorts. In these selected SZ models, increased STEP61 protein levels likely reflect reduced ubiquitination and degradation. These convergent findings from mouse and hiPSC SZ models provide evidence for STEP61 dysfunction in SZ.- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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28. The role of mepolizumab in atopic and nonatopic severe asthma with persistent eosinophilia.
- Author
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Ortega H, Chupp G, Bardin P, Bourdin A, Garcia G, Hartley B, Yancey S, and Humbert M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin E blood, Immunoglobulin E immunology, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Seasons, Spirometry, Steroids therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized therapeutic use, Asthma drug therapy, Eosinophilia drug therapy, Hypersensitivity, Immediate blood, Hypersensitivity, Immediate drug therapy
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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