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Building on cornerstone traditions in historical sociology, as well as work in environmental sociology and political-economic sociology, we theorize and investigate with moderation analysis how and why national militaries shape the effect of economic growth on carbon pollution. Militaries exert a substantial influence on the production and consumption patterns of economies, and the environmental demands required to support their evolving infrastructure. As far-reaching and distinct characteristics of contemporary militarization, we suggest that both the size and capital intensiveness of the world’s militaries enlarge the effect of economic growth on nations’ carbon emissions. In particular, we posit that each increases the extent to which the other amplifies the effect of economic growth on carbon pollution. To test our arguments, we estimate longitudinal models of emissions for 106 nations from 1990 to 2016. Across various model specifications, robustness checks, a range of sensitivity analyses, and counterfactual analysis, the findings consistently support our propositions. Beyond advancing the environment and economic growth literature in sociology, this study makes significant contributions to sociological research on climate change and the climate crisis, and it underscores the importance of considering the military in scholarship across the discipline.

The present study is a reflective nexus analysis of classroom discourse practices that emerged during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis induced online teaching and learning. Nexus analysis is an action focused approach to discourse analysis that incorporates aspects of ethnography to examine that actions that make up the discourse in complex social behavior. Through a series of case studies, we examine how teachers adapted to teaching and their reflections on the classroom discourse practices that emerged and their reflections on how students adapted to online learning. Using the initiation-response-evaluation sequence (IRE) as a means of comparison across the case studies we discuss how teachers developed novel practices in the online world where the IRE emerged in either flipped or blended practices. Both teachers and students had adapted to this new context in becoming online teachers and online learners navigating new subject positions that reflect Gee's big 'D' Discourse. The study also illustrates how nexus analysis can be used as a reflective analysis through an examination of the discourses in place, interaction order, and historical body(ies) that were affected by the move to online teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic.

There are a large number of factors contributing to the reading outcome diversity. Individual differences in cognition are possibly regarded as one of the most significant causes and have a predominated impact on the reading development. Individual differences, like meta-cognition and working memory, are found to have a positive correlation with L2 learners' reading outcome variety and have a profound influence on their ultimate achievement in reading to some extent.

Background Bigu is a health-preserving regimen with a long history advocating appropriately reducing food intake in China, whose efficacy has been confirmed in practical treatment of some diseases currently. However, the applicability of Bigu in human experiments is poor due to nonforcible control of dietary intake in the participants. Objective To assess the effect of medicine-qi intake type of Bigu in healthy people using real-world data. Methods Two hundred and eighty healthy volunteers were recruited from Sichuan Nursing Vocational College from November 2018 to September 2020, and equally divided into two groups (A and B, with 140 cases in each) after being matched using k-nearest neighbor propensity score approach based on their demographics, and received a two-round Bigu trial: in the first round, group A received 10-day diet-restriction type of Bigu, while group B received 10-day medicine-qi intake in combination with diet-restriction type of Bigu. Then, after one-month washout period, the second round was conducted, during which group A received 10-day medicine-qi intake in combination with diet-restriction type of Bigu, while group B received 10-day diet-restriction type of Bigu. Comparisons were performed between two groups in terms of incidence of adverse reactions and number of dropouts in two rounds of Bigu, and subjective hunger sensation, weight, BMI, morning blood pressure, and fasting fingerstick glucose on the first and 10th days of two rounds of Bigu. Results After being assigned by PSM, there were 72 males and 80 females in group A; 61 males and 67 females in group B. In the first round, the incidence of adverse reactions in group A was 65.7% (92/140) , and the trial discontinuation rate was 48.6% (68/140) ; the incidence of adverse reactions in group B was 42.9% (60/140) , and the trial discontinuation rate was 20.0% (28/140) . The incidence of adverse reactions and trial discontinuation rate in group A were higher than those in group B, and the difference was statistically significant (P

Background: We have limited information about neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the gallbladder. The purpose of this paper is to compare clinical and pathological features between different age groups and prognostic factors for gallbladder NEC and how it differs from adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the gallbladder. Patients and methods: This study included 28 gallbladder NEC patients and 137 ADC patients whose clinical characteristics and pathological findings were retrospectively collected. Propensity score matching and Cox regression analysis were used for the analysis of prognostic factors. Results: We divided NEC patients into two groups based on the age more than or less than 60 years. Most of the NEC patients less than 60 years old complained of abdominal pain or discomfort (p = 0.038), and more younger patients accepted adjuvant therapy (p = 0.020) than older patients did. CD56 was positive in all patients more than 60 years old, which is significantly higher than that of younger patients (p = 0.039). The mean age was similar between NEC and ADC patients. After eliminating confounding factors between NEC and ADC patients, the overall survival rates were still lower in NEC patients. Univariate analysis extracted six possible risk factors. Multivariate analysis indicated that surgery type, tumor size, and existence of gallstones were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: The overall survival of gallbladder NEC is not associated with age. In this study, surgical method and tumor size were found to be independent risk factors for NECs. In addition, NEC patients have a worse prognosis than ADC patients with similar clinical and pathological features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil particle removal, different from the removal of general salt particular matter, has an unusual filtration process in which oil particles will be captured by forming a continuous film on the surface of the filter. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effect of surface property of the filter on the oil particle dynamic filtration process. In this study, three fibrous mats with different surface energies were fabricated from polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyacrylonitrile/cellulose acetate (PAN/CA), and polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene fluoride (PAN/PVDF) solutions by needleless electrospinning. PAN/PVDF fibrous mat presented the lowest surface energy (19. 99 mj/m²), followed by PAN/CA fibrous mat( 29.49 mj/m²) and PAN fibrous mat (40.91 mj/m²). As the oil particle filtration went on, the PAN/PVDF fibrous mat presented both the fastest filtration efficiency decline (4.72% in 10 min) and the fastest filtration resistance increase (543.41 Pa in 10 min). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a tool for modifying the genome, gene editing technology has developed rapidly in recent years, especially in the past two years. With the emergence of new gene editing technologies, such as transposon editing tools, numerous advancements have been made including precise editing of the genome, double base editing, and pilot editing. This report focuses on the development of gene editing tools in recent years, elaborates the progress made in classic editing tools, base editor and other new editing tools, and provides insights into challenges and opportunities., (© 2021 The Author(s). Published by BRI.)