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Yingchen Zhou,1,2 Yang Zhang,2 Weiqing Li,2 Jinming Xu,2 Xia He,1 Xianxin Li,1– 3 Yan Wang2 1Department of Surgery, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academic of Medical Science Shenzhen, The University of South China, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Urology, Taikang Qianhai International Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xianxin LiDepartment of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Lianhua Road 1120, Shenzhen 518036, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-755-83923333-3419Fax +86 755-83910721Email xianxinli@163.comYan WangDepartment of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Lianhua Road 1120, Shenzhen 518036, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-755-83923333-3419Fax +86 755-83910721Email wangyan198614@163.comBackground: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common tumors in urinary tract tumors. However, the mechanism that supports renal cell carcinoma is unclear. The function of transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like 2 (TCEAL2) and its association with human cancer have not been reported.Materials and Methods: To explore the role of TCEAL2 in carcinogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), we performed bioinformatics analysis to determine the expression levels of TCEAL2 in ccRCC specimens and normal kidney tissue and then verified findings with our samples by qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining. Furthermore, the lentiviral vectors were used to increase the expression of TCEAL2 in ccRCC cell lines. The immunofluorescence assay was taken to observe the subcellular location of TCEAL2 in ccRCC cells, and CCK-8 and flow cytometry were introduced for assessing cell proliferation and cell cycle of ccRCC cells, respectively.Results: Compared with adjacent normal kidney tissue and human proximal tubular epithelial cells, the expression of TCEAL2 in ccRCC tissues and cell lines was down-regulated. Patients who had low expression of TCEAL2 had a statistically significant late tumor stage. Restore of TCEAL2 in ccRCC cells inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in S phase of ccRCC cells.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of TCEAL2 expression changes in ccRCC. We found that the decrease of TCEAL2 expression may be related to the occurrence of ccRCC. Further research is needed to clarify the molecular mechanism of TCEAL2 in progress of ccRCC.Keywords: TCEAL2, renal cell carcinoma, tumorigenesis, cell cycle

A Three-Wavelength Polarization-Raman Lidar (TWPRL) system for aerosol and clouds was developed. This lidar system provides α at 532 and 355 nm, β at 355, 532 and 1064 nm, and σ at 532 nm as well as water vapor content using Raman lidar techniques. The temporal and vertical variation of aerosols and clouds could be determined. We conducted shipborne TWPRL measurements over Yellow Sea of China from August to September in 2014. The derived aerosol optical properties indicate that the developed lidar system worked very well. 24-hour continuous measurements with the shipborne TWPRL during the cruise are presented.

Aerosol plays an important role in global climate and weather changes. Polarization lidar captures parallel and perpendicular signals from atmosphere to research aerosols. The lidar system we used has three emission wavelengths and could obtain the atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient, backscattering coefficient and depolarization ratio. In this paper, the design of the lidar is described. The methods of data acquisition and inversion are given. Some recent results are presented.

Objective Bladder cancer and renal cancer are common malignancies in the urological system. The aims of the present study are to detect the genomic changes in the cancer tissues by massively parallel DNA sequence technology. Methods The cancer tissues with matched morphologically normal tissues and peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients with urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Whole genome, exome or transcriptome of the samples were sequenced by massively parallel DNA sequencing technology. The somatic mutations, copy number variations and mRNA variations were identified by different bioinformatic methods and validated by Sanger DNA sequencing. Results We sequenced the exomes of nine individuals with UBC and screened all the somatically mutated genes in a prevalence set of 88 additional individuals with UBC with different tumor stages and grades, and identified genetic aberrations of the chromatin remodeling genes (UTX, MLL-MLL3, CREBBP-EP300, NCOR1, ARID1A and CHD6) in 59% of our 97 subjects with UBC. Of these genes, we showed UTX to be altered substantially more frequently in tumors of low stages and grades, highlighting its potential role in the classification and diagnosis of bladder cancer. We sequenced whole exomes of 10 ccRCC samples and performed a screen of 1,100 genes in 88 additional ccRCCs, from which we discovered 12 previously unidentified genes mutated at elevated frequencies in ccRCC. Notably, we detected frequent mutations in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway (UMPP), and alterations in the UMPP were significantly associated with overexpression of HIF1α and HIF2α in the tumors. Conclusions Our results provide an overview of the genetic basis of UBC and suggest that aberration of chromatin regulation might be a hallmark of bladder cancer. Our findings highlight the potential contribution of UMPP to ccRCC tumorigenesis through the activation of the hypoxia regulatory network.