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While Europe is impacted by more frequent extreme hydrological events such as severe droughts or devastating floods, monitoring water resources is a growing challenge. Since July 2020, under European Environment Agency (EEA) delegation, the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS) operationally produces and disseminates Pan-European High-Resolution Snow & Ice products (HR-S&I) in near-real time. These products are generated over Europe (EEA38 and the United Kingdom). They benefit from high spatial resolution (20 m x 20 m and 60 m x 60 m) as they are derived from Sentinel-2 constellation optical data and Sentinel-1 constellation radar data.There are multiple snow cover products in the portfolio. The Fractional Snow Cover (FSC) product is generated from Sentinel-2 observations and provides for each pixel the snow cover fraction (0% – 100%). The daily cumulative Gap-filled Fractional Snow Cover (GFSC) is an aggregated daily snow cover map based on the FSC and is enriched with classifications from the radar data. In mountain areas, radar data allow the detection of the wet snow extent during melting conditions - the SAR wet snow (SWS) product - independent of any cloud cover affecting the optical satellite data.This Copernicus service component is based on pre-existing algorithms which have been turned into operational conditions, based on the WEkEO DIAS European cloud infrastructure.We will present the different products with an overview of the algorithms and their validation over Europe, detail the data access and give insights of applications for hydrology., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

The Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) technique is being more and more used at all scale"s applications. Several regional and national Ground Motions Services based on PSI are nowadays active and operational. The European Ground Motion Service project is going to generate a displacement map over the whole Europe once per year. This context makes indispensable tools and methodologies that facilitate the management and analysis of huge amount of data and information. The ADATools are a set of tools that can be considered a first step in this direction, they are simple and fast tools to firstly extract and make a preliminary interpretation of the main detected Active Deformation Areas (ADA). The ADATools includes: i. the ADAFinder, detecting the main ADA and giving information for each polygon as well as a Quality Index (representing the noise of time series of deformation); ii. the LOS2hv, that is used in case we have datasets from both ascending and descending geometries to derive the horizontal (east-west) and vertical components of the movement; and iii. the ADAClassifier, that makes a preliminary classification of the ADA between landslide, subsidence, settlement, and sinkholes, based on available external data (i.e., DEM, geology, inventories, infrastructures). In this presentation, the algorithm, and performances of the ADATools are presented and some results of their application are showed. Specifically, some results over an area of the Granada Province (S Spain), achieved in the framework of the Project RISKCOAST (funded by the IV Interreg Sudoe Programme through the European Regional Development Fund), will be used to illustrate ADATools performance.

[EN] The SAR Interferometry techniques, Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) among them, are nowadays known as important tools for monitoring Earth surface movements. Several regional and national Ground Motion Services based on PSI already exist. Moreover, since 2022 the European Ground Motion Service will be operational and will annually provide an updated displacement map over the whole Europe. This will suppose a big amount of ground displacement measurements along the European territory. For each measurement EGMS will provide the annual velocity and the time series of deformation covering the period 2014 to one year prior to each delivery. In this context, it will be more and more necessary having tools to ease the management, analysis, and interpretation, of those wide areas and huge amount of data. We present here a first step in this direction: the ADATools are a set of tools to automatically have secondary, and more operational, products derived from a PSI map. Starting from a fast extraction of the most significant Active Deformation Areas (ADA), with the ADAFinder tool, then we can have a preliminary classification of the most probable phenomena (landslides, subsidence, settlements, or sinkholes) that is behind the detected movement, with the ADAClassifier tool. Moreover, LOS2hv tool allows to derive the horizontal (east-west) and vertical components of the movement in case we have maps of ascending and descending geometries. Finally, it is presented a product that analyzes the local displacement gradients to generate potential damage maps in urban areas. The tools will be presented thorough some results obtained on an area of the Granada County with the use of Sentinel-1 data. All the results have been achieved within the framework of the Riskcoast Project (financed by the Interreg Sudoe Program through the European Regional Development Fund, ERDF)., This work was mainly supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the project “RISKCOAST” (SOE3/P4/E0868) of the Interreg SUDOE Programme.

The potential of satellite-based interferometry for landslides activity definition is well known. Many applications have demonstrated that this technique represents a strong supporting tool for landslide risk assessment and monitoring, at both local and regional scale. The ESA' Sentinel-1 (S1) constellation acquires with high revisit-time in a conflict-free operational mode, timely distributing data without costs or restrictions. All these characteristics allow relying upon S1 service for a long-term operational and sustainable use, as a support of both disaster risk reduction and response. For this reason, more and more research projects are based on the use of S1 in geohazards monitoring and early warning. The aim of this work is to present the results achieved in the framework of the European Project (ECHO) U-Geohaz regarding landslides monitoring and early warning supporting tools based on S1. The study area of the project is the Valle d'Aosta region (VDA) that is widely affected by landslide process of different size and typology. Specifically, the Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations (DSGSDs) are the most representative in terms of area coverage. The study of the state of activity and evolution of these phenomena is very important because DSGSDs affect entire valley flanks and several villages have been built on them or nearby. The use of S1-based interferometry can potentially give a near-real time information on their activity over the whole region supporting decision makers and early warning systems. At the same time, VDA presents challenging characteristics for what concerns the radar response and thus the obtainable results. The main limiting factor is the snow coverage, which is also strongly related to the topography. The topographic relief is highly variable, ranging from 300 m a.s.l. to peaks higher than 4000 m a.s.l. with steep slopes. The regional climate is characterized by wide range of temperatures varying a lot from the mountainous zone to the bottom of the valleys, implying also a strong variation in snow precipitations. This strong variation, in space and time, affects the DInSAR results in terms of coherence and spatial coverage. In this context, a strong effort has been done to develop a processing approach to improve the spatial and temporal sampling, without losing the quality of the results. Moreover, a method that extracts the most significant Active Deformation Areas (ADA) in a semi-automatic way has been adapted and applied. The main results will be exposed.

A relevant change in the use of SAR interferometry for risk management and reduction has been marked by the launch of the S-1 A and S-1 B, in 2014 and 2016 respectively, which ensure a SAR acquisition every 6 days above the entire Earth and make images available few hours after the acquisition without costs and limitations. S-1 represents a reliable and low cost tool for remote monitoring at both local and national-scale, which can potentially be exploited by administrative entities and Civil Protection authorities involved in risk management activities. “U-Geohaz, Geohazard impact assessment for urban areas” is a two-year project, started the 1st of January 2018, co-funded by the European Commission, Directorate-General Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO). The main aim of the project is to develop a methodology based on the SAR images acquired by Sentinel-1 (S-1) constellation to assess continuously the potential impact of geohazards on urban areas and critical infrastructures. Starting from the experience and the results obtained in the previous ECHO project SAFETY (2016-2017), the aim is to make a step forward, from periodically updated maps to a near-real time geohazards mapping and monitoring . U-Geohaz will provide tools to exploit the 6-days repeatability of S1 to support early warning systems for landslide and volcanic geohazards and to evaluate the expected damage. The consortium of U-Geohaz is composed of 18 partners, from 11 European countries, including 12 Geological Surveys and 3 Civil Protection Authorities that will support the implementation of tools to be operationally useful in risk management. The use of all the developed products will be implemented in the activities of the Civil Protection Authorities involved in the project. All the implemented procedure and tools are tested and will be demonstrated on the real test scenarios of Canary Island (Gran Canaria, Tenerife and El Hierro islands, Spain) and Valle d’Aosta (Italy). The main results achieved over the two test-sites and the future steps of the project will be presented and discussed., NO ACK.

Nowadays, ensuring the safeguard of natural, cultural and mixed UNESCO sites is increasingly difficult, due to not only ravages of time or anthropic actions but also to natural events. Even though it is widely recognized that UNESCO World Heritage Sites are threatened by geological risks, the level of attention placed on geohazards appears to be poor, especially if compared with the others potential threatening factors, such as wars, uncontrolled urban development or arsons. Promoting the detection and monitoring of geohazards should become a common practice, in order to preserve the Outstanding Universal Value of UNESCO properties over time. This study, therefore, shows a new satellite data analysis procedure to identify, in a fast, simple and repeatable way, the temporal and spatial evolution of the most critical and reliable ground deformation areas related to slow-kinematic geohazards (volcanic activity, slow-moving landslides or ground-subsidence). This approach has been tested in the Tuscan UNESCO sites (Central Italy). Thanks to the main characteristics of the recent Sentinel-1 data (short revisit time, systematic and free availability for all data users and worldwide coverage), this procedure can be easily exploited by the local risk management decision makers of each World Heritage Site, in order to define long-term geohazards monitoring activities and conservation strategies., NO ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

SAFETY (Sentinel-1 for geohazards regional monitoring and forecasting - safety.cttc.es) is a two-years research project funded under the ECHO (European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations) call “Prevention and preparedness projects in Civil Protection and marine pollution”, which started the 1st of January 2016. The mission of the project was to improve the efforts in detecting and mapping geohazards (i.e. landslide, volcanic and subsidence), by assessing their activity and evaluating their impact on built-up areas and infrastructure networks through space-borne radar data. This goal has been achieved through the use of Sentinel-1 DInSAR (Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) derived products and the development of software tools. The most challenging part concerned the semi-automatic generation of derived maps to be easily interpreted and exploited in the geohazard management by the Civil Protection Authorities, which are usually not familiar with DInSAR products. This work provides an overview of the project activities, describing the developed procedure, the main outcomes, and the most significant results obtained over the two test sites of the project: the Canary Islands (Spain) and the Volterra municipality (Italy). The main goal of this work is to present the potentialities of Sentinel-1 interferometry as a regular complementary input for the regional scale risk management., Grant numbers : This work has been co-funded by the European Commission through the project Safety (Ref. ECHO/SUB/2015/718679/Prev02).

This work is aimed at presenting the ongoing project SAFETY (Sentinel for Geohazards regional monitoring and forecasting). The use of Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) in Natural Risks management is becoming more and more exploitable thanks to the experienced growth of the techniques. On one hand, since the DInSAR technique was proposed for the first time (1989) a wide number of data processing, analysis tools and methods have been developed, on the other hand the satellite data availability has increased and provides sensors with different characteristics of sensitivity and spatial and temporal resolutions. Nowadays, DInSAR allows to have a systematic overview about the spatio-temporal activity of a natural deformation phenomena, which is an important information for the risk management in terms of prevention, emergency response and post-emergency intervention. Specifically, Sentinel-1 (A and B) satellites data show two favourable characteristics: the wide covered area and the short revisit time (6 days). The last one, if compared with the other C band available sensors, results in a reduced temporal decorrelation, particularly in non-urbanized areas, in more robust processing results (due to the higher number of images) and in an higher temporal sampling i.e. a better monitoring and activity characterization. In this context, the European project SAFETY is focused on developing tools and implementing a methodology in order to better exploit Sentinel-1 data in the Civil Protection activities of natural risks prevention. The project is aimed at providing Civil Protection Authorities (CPA) with the capability of periodically evaluating and assessing the potential impact of geohazards (volcanic activity, earthquakes, landslides and subsidence) on urban areas. The first results over the two test-areas in Spain and Italy (respectively Canary Islands and Volterra Municipality) will be presented., Grant numbers : SAFETY project.

Landslides are widespread natural hazards that generate considerable damage and economic losses worldwide. Detecting terrain movements caused by these phenomena and characterizing affected urban areas is critical to reduce their impact. Here we present a fast and simple methodology to create maps of vulnerable buildings affected by slow-moving landslides, based on two parameters: (1) the deformation rate associated to each building, measured from Sentinel-1 SAR data, and (2) the building damage generated by the landslide movement and recorded during a field campaign. We apply this method to Arcos de la Frontera, a monumental town in South Spain affected by a slow-moving landslide that has caused severe damage to buildings, forcing the evacuation of some of them. Our results show that maximum deformation rates of 4 cm/year in the line-of-sight (LOS) of the satellite, affects La Verbena, a newly-developed area, and displacements are mostly horizontal, as expected for a planar-landslide. Our building damage assessment reveals that most of the building blocks in La Verbena present moderate to severe damages. According to our vulnerability scale, 93% of the building blocks analysed present high vulnerability and, thus, should be the focus of more in-depth local studies to evaluate the serviceability of buildings, prior to adopting the necessary mitigation measures to reduce or cope with the negative consequences of this landslide. This methodology can be applied to slow-moving landslides worldwide thanks to the global availability of Sentinel-1 SAR data., Geohazards InSAR laboratory and Modelling Group, Departamento de Investigación y Prospectiva Geocientífica, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, España, Istituto di ricerca per la protezione idrogeologica, Italia, Unidad de Granada, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, España, Dares Technology, España, Earth Observation and Geohazards Expert Group, EuroGeoSurveys, Bélgica, Instituto de Geociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, España, Instituto de Geociencias, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italia