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A novel metal-free synthesis of 3-substituted isocoumarins through a sequential O-acylation/Wittig reaction has been established. The readily accessible (2-carboxybenzyl)-triphenylphosphonium bromide and diverse chlorides produced various 1H-isochromen-1-one in the presence of triethylamine, employing sequential O-acylation and an intramolecular Wittig reaction of acid anhydride. Reactions using these facile conditions have exhibited high functional group tolerance and excellent yields (up to 90%). Moreover, the fluorescence properties of isocoumarin derivatives were evaluated at the theoretical and experimental levels to determine their potential application in fluorescent materials. These derivatives have good photoluminescence in THF with a large Stokes shift and an absolute fluorescence quantum yield of up to 14%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dye/salt separation has gained increasing attention in recent years, prompting the quest to find cost-effective and environmentally friendly raw materials for synthesizing high performance nanofiltration (NF) membrane for effective dye/salt separation. Herein, a high-performance loose-structured NF membrane was fabricated via a simple vacuum filtration method using a green nanomaterial, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxide radical (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCNF), by sequentially filtrating larger-sized and finer-sized TOCNFs on a microporous substrate, followed by crosslinking with trimesoyl chloride. The resulting TCM membrane possessed a separating layer composed entirely of pure TOCNF, eliminating the need for other polymer or nanomaterial additives. TCM membranes exhibit high performance and effective dye/salt selectivity. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis shows that the TCM membrane with the Fine-TOCNF layer has a tight layered structure. Further characterizations via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of functional groups and chemical bonds of the crosslinked membrane. Notably, the optimized TCM-5 membrane exhibits a rejection rate of over 99% for various dyes (Congo red and orange yellow) and 14.2% for NaCl, showcasing a potential candidate for efficient dye wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous observational studies have demonstrated a connection between the risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gastrointestinal problems brought on by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. However, little is understood about how these factors impact on T2DM. Method: This study used data from the GWAS database on H. pylori antibodies, gastroduodenal ulcers, chronic gastritis, gastric cancer, T2DM and information on potential mediators: obesity, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose levels. Using univariate Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariate MR (MVMR) analyses to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori and associated gastrointestinal diseases with the risk of developing of T2DM and explore the presence of mediators to ascertain the probable mechanisms. Results: Genetic evidence suggests that H. pylori IgG antibody (P = 0.006, b = 0.0945, OR = 1.0995, 95% CI = 1.023–1.176), H. pylori GroEL antibody (P = 0.028, OR = 1.033, 95% CI = 1.004–1.064), gastroduodenal ulcers (P = 0.019, OR = 1.036, 95% CI = 1.006–1.068) and chronic gastritis (P = 0.005, OR = 1.042, 95% CI = 1.012–1.074) are all linked to an increased risk of T2DM, additionally, H. pylori IgG antibody is associated with obesity (P = 0.034, OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.002–1.055). The results of MVMR showed that the pathogenic relationship between H. pylori GroEL antibody and gastroduodenal ulcer in T2DM is mediated by blood glucose level and obesity, respectively. Conclusion: Our study found that H. pylori IgG antibody, H. pylori GroEL antibody, gastroduodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis are all related to t T2DM, and blood glucose level and obesity mediate the development of H. pylori GroEL antibody and gastroduodenal ulcer on T2DM, respectively. These findings may inform new prevention and intervention strategies for T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unparalleled copper(I)-catalyzed synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from tertiary amines in one step has been described. The one-pot reactions involving (N-isocyanimine)triphenylphosphorane, tertiary amines, and carboxylic acids resulted in the formation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles in moderate to good yields through a consecutive oxidative Ugi/aza-Wittig reaction, enabling the direct functionalization of sp3 C-H bonds adjacent to the nitrogen atom. This method offered several notable advantages, including ligands-free, exceptional productivity and a high functional group tolerance. The preliminary biological evaluation demonstrated that compound 4f inhibited hepatoma cells efficiently, suggesting potentially broad applications of the approach for synthesis and medicinal chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, our primary objective is to delve into the intricacies of an extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation. To achieve this, we commence by deriving a dynamical system tightly linked to the equation through the Galilean transformation. We then employ principles from planar dynamical systems theory to explore the bifurcation phenomena exhibited within this derived system. To investigate the potential presence of chaotic behaviors, we introduce a perturbed term into the dynamical system and systematically analyze the extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This investigation is further enriched by the presentation of comprehensive two- and 3D phase portraits. Moreover, we conduct a meticulous sensitivity analysis of the dynamical system using the Runge–Kutta method. Through this analytical process, we confirm that minor fluctuations in initial conditions have only minimal effects on solution stability. Additionally, we utilize the complete discrimination system of the polynomial method to systematically construct single traveling wave solutions for the governing model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High temperature inhibits the growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. The current study attempts to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of exogenous trehalose for the improvement of maize and wheat responses to heat stress. Results show that, in maize seedlings, exogenously-supplied trehalose was able to effectively elevate the capacity of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and improve the carbohydrate content via up-regulating the transcript levels of key enzymes including phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH), NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) and Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit. Besides, it was also able to improve C4 pathway enzyme activities, including PEPC, NADP-MDH, NADP-ME and Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RUBPCase). In wheat seedlings, exogenously-supplied trehalose promoted photosynthetic carbon assimilation by elevating the activity of RUBPCase. These results show that exogenous trehalose improved photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacities in maize and wheat seedlings under heat stress through different mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-angle optical reflectance measurements such as those from the NASA moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) are sensitive to forest 3D structures, potentially serving as a useful proxy to estimate forest structural variables such as aboveground biomass (AGB)—a potential theoretically recognized but rarely explored. In this paper, we examined the effectiveness of the reconstructed MODIS typical-angle reflectances—reflectances observed from the hotspot, darkspot, and nadir directions—for estimating forest AGB from both theoretical and practical perspectives. To gain theoretical insights, we first tested the sensitivities of typical-angle reflectances to forest AGB through simulations using the 4-scale bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model. We then built statistical models to fit the relationship between MODIS multi-angle observations and field-measured deciduous-broadleaf/mixed-temperate forest AGB at five sites in the eastern USA, assisted by a semivariogram analysis to determine the effect of pixel heterogeneity on the MODIS–AGB relationship. We also determined the effects of terrain and season on the predictive relationships. Our results indicated that multi-angle reflectances with fewer visible shadows yielded better AGB estimates (hotspot: R2 = 0.63, RMSE = 54.28 Mg/ha; nadir: R2 = 0.55, RMSE = 59.95 Mg/ha; darkspot: R2 = 0.46, RMSE = 65.66 Mg/ha) after filtering out the effects of complex terrain and pixel heterogeneity; the MODIS typical-angle reflectances in the NIR band were the most sensitive to forest AGB. We also found strong sensitivities of estimated accuracies to MODIS image acquisition dates or season. Overall, our results suggest that the current practice of leveraging only single-angle MODIS data can be a suboptimal strategy for AGB estimation. We advocate the use of MODIS multi-angle reflectances for optical remote sensing of forest AGB or potentially other ecological applications requiring forest structure information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Preparation of composite adsorbents for rapid adsorption of gaseous iodine. • The adsorption capacity at 95 °C is 1.29 g g−1. • Adsorption rate increased by 2.3–10.1 times. • The dynamic maximum iodine adsorption capacity reached 1077 mg g−1. • Prediction of adsorption properties using the Levenberg-Marquardt neural network. In addressing the urgent challenge of mitigating gaseous iodine, a highly volatile and hazardous element in nuclear incidents, this study synthesized composite adsorbents with diverse C/Zn molar ratios using MOF and carbon powder. The saturated iodine adsorption at 75 °C exhibited the sequence: CZ-3 (1.15 g g−1) > CZ-2 (1.08 g g−1) > CZ-1 (0.93 g g−1) > C (0.79 g g−1), displaying 2.3–10.1 times increase in adsorption rate compared to carbon powder and Zn-MOF-2. At an elevated temperature of 95 °C, it achieved saturated adsorption of 1.29 g g−1(CZ-3). The adsorbed iodine primarily manifested in the forms of I 2 , I 3 -, and I 5 -. The dynamic maximum iodine adsorption capacity under specific conditions (75 °C, 300 ppm, 100 mL min−1, 0.5 MPa, 4 cm column length, and 6 mm diameter) reached 1077 mg g−1. Leveraging the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation neural network (LM-BPNN) algorithm, a superior fit was achieved. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the rapid and efficient treatment of gaseous iodine in nuclear scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The dynamic game model of multi-oligarchs in regional power market are established. • The factors of macro policies are considered in the game. • Information asymmetry has different effects on players whereas a depraved impact on the stability. • A partial-shared mitigation mechanism based on signal transmission under macro-control is creatively proposed. • Policy recommendations are given to the management of players. Renewable portfolio standard and tradable green certification have become key policies for China to achieve carbon neutralization, which pose new challenges to strategies of players in the actual power market. A multi-oligarch dynamic electricity sales game model in regional power supply market is established, which consists of a renewable energy power enterprise, a traditional enterprise and an energy storage enterprise. The stability conditions of the system together with the effects of the macro-policies and information asymmetry on the game are further analyzed. According to the strategic interaction of stakeholders, the results demonstrate that, compared with the market transaction price weight, the marginal profit weight of energy storage enterprise has a significant impact on strategies of players, while information asymmetry has a depraved impact on the stability. Further, through the proposition of a partially shared signal transmission mitigation mechanism under macro-control, it is evidenced to effectively cushion the bad impact of information asymmetry on the stability of Nash equilibrium. Finally, the implementation of renewable portfolio standard and tradable green certification in the long run, will improve the stability of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several studies have identified an association between the gut microbiome and post-stroke depression(PSD), and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection cause significant alterations in the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome. However, evidence regarding the role of the H. pylori infection in promoting PSD is still lacking. Here, we conducted a retrospective study to explore risk factors associated with PSD. Methods: Patients with cerebral infarction were consecutively enrolled from December 2021 to October 2022. The diagnosis of PSD is based on the DSM-V criteria, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD) was used to identify patients with PSD. White matter lesions were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and H. pylori infection was detected by 13C-urea breath test. Further, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to evaluate the changes in gut microbiota composition of fecal samples from PSD patients. The concentration of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS). Results: Multivariate regression analysis showed that deep white matter lesions(DWMLs) [odds ratio(OR) 3.382, 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.756–6.512; P = 0.001] and H. pylori infection(OR 2.186, 95% CI 1.149–4.159; P = 0.017) were the independent risk factors for PSD. Patients with H. pylori infection had more severe depressive symptoms than patients without infection. Intestinal microbiota was significantly different between H. pylori -positive PSD[ H. pylori (+)] patients and H. pylori -negative PSD[ H. pylori (−)] patients. Fecal SCFAs concentrations were significantly reduced in the H. pylori (+) group compared to the negative ones. Conclusion: DWMLs and H. pylori infection may play important roles in the development of PSD. H. pylori infection is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of PSD by altering the intestinal flora. • Helicobacter pylori infection, an independent risk factor for post-stroke depression. • Deep white matter lesions were another risk factor for post-stroke depression. • Gut microbiota imbalance was detected in Helicobacter pylori positive patients. • Fecal short-chain fatty acids significantly reduced in infection group. • The changes of intestinal flora were involved in the pathological process of PSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Against the background of a changing climate, the responses of functional traits of plateau wetland plants to increasing temperatures and CO2 concentrations need to be understood. Hydraulic traits are the key for plants to maintain their ecological functions and affect their growth and survival. However, few studies have comprehensively considered the response strategies of wetland plants' hydraulic traits to environmental changes in the context of water and matter transport, loss, and retention. According to the latest IPCC prediction results, we performed experiments under increased temperature (2 °C) and CO2 levels (850 μmol/mol) in an artificial Sealed-top Chamber (STC) to investigate the responses of the hydraulic characteristics of Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, the dominant species in plateau wetlands in China. Results: Compared with the CK group, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal length, cuticle thickness, vascular bundle length, vascular bundle width, and vascular bundle area of S. tabernaemontani in the ET group were significantly reduced, whereas stomatal density and vein density increased significantly. Compared with the CK group, the hydraulic traits of S. tabernaemontani in the EC group were reduced considerably in stomatal length and cuticle thickness but increased dramatically in stomatal density, and there were no significant differences between other parameter values and the control group. Net photosynthetic rate was significantly positively correlated with stomatal length, cuticle thickness, and vascular bundle length, and stomatal conductance was significantly positively correlated with cuticle thickness. The transpiration rate was significantly positively correlated with cuticle thickness, epidermal cell area, vascular bundle length, vascular bundle width, and vascular bundle area. Regarding the hydraulic traits, there was a significant negative correlation between stomatal density and stomatal length, or cuticle thickness, and a significant positive correlation between the latter two. The epidermal cell area was significantly positively correlated with epidermal thickness, vascular bundle length, vascular bundle width, and vascular bundle area. Conclusions: Increased temperature and CO2 levels are not conducive to the photosynthetic activity of S. tabernaemontani. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal density and size, vein density, epidermal structure size, and vascular bundle size play an essential role in the adaptation of this species to changes in temperature and CO2 concentration. In the process of adaptation, hydraulic traits are not isolated from each other, and there is a functional association among traits. This study provide a scientific basis for the management and protection of plateau wetlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the initial-boundary value problem of the one-dimensional full compressible nematic liquid crystal flow problem. The initial density is allowed to touch vacuum, and the viscous and heat conductivity coefficients are kept to be positive constants. Global existence of strong solutions is established for any H 2 initial data in the Lagrangian flow map coordinate, which holds for both vacuum and non-vacuum case. The key difficulty is caused by the lack of the positive lower bound of the density. To overcome such difficulty, it is observed that the ratio of ρ 0 (y) ρ (t , y) is proportional to the time integral of the upper bound of temperature and vector director field, along the trajectory. Density weighted Sobolev type inequalities are constructed for both temperature and director field in terms of ρ 0 (y) ρ (t , y) and small dependence on their dissipation estimates. Besides this, to deal with cross terms arising due to liquid crystal flow, higher order priori estimates are established by using effective viscous flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Utilization of basic public health services (BPHS) allows for disease prevention and management and is an essential component for protecting health. Disparities in utilization exist between rural-to-urban migrants and their local counterparts in China. This study sought to determine the frequency of BPHS utilization and whether social support, discrimination, and sociodemographic features were risk factors for low BPHS utilization by Chinese female migrants.Methods: Data were derived from a survey of female rural-to-urban migrants at nine work sites in Changsha, China. The association between social support, discrimination, sociodemographic factors and BPHS utilization was obtained using Chi-square and logistic regression analysis.Results: Between December 2017 and April 2018, 307 female participants completed the survey. A total of 24.7% reported having had health education, 26.1% had breast and cervical cancer screening, 27.2% had established a health care record, and 40.9% had received basic contraceptive services. Two factors were associated with the reduced likelihood of BPHS utilization: Length of migration and health record establishment (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.31, 0.92) and years of education and basic contraceptive service use (OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.20, 0.67). The remaining six factors were associated with an increased likelihood of BPHS utilization: Living circumstances and health record establishment (OR = 2.11; 95% CI = 1.17, 3.80), health education (OR = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.51, 4.87) and cancer screening (OR = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.30, 4.36). Utilization of social support was associated with health record establishment (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.44), basic contraceptive service use (OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.42) and cancer screening (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.10, 1.51). Objective social support was associated with health education utilization (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.26), while subjective social support was associated with basic contraceptive service use (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.18) and cancer screening (OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.17). Family location was associated with basic contraceptive service use (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.12, 3.44) and migration time in Changsha was associated with basic contraceptive service use (OR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.18, 4.27).Conclusions: Overall, there was low utilization rate for four BPHS by Chinese female migrants, and social support appears to be an important factor in this setting. Government, community, and workplace education efforts for enhancing BPHS utilization among female rural-to-urban migrants are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to the consensus problem of networked nonlinear agents with multiple self-delays and time-varying coupling. We first establish a generalized Halanay’s inequality based on comparison theorem, and then convert the consensus problem into a stability problem of retarded differential equation with time-varying coefficients, from which sufficient conditions for consensus are derived. Our results manifest that the time-average of coupling strength over intervals of certain length, together with the underlying topology and the values of self-delays, plays a crucial role in guaranteeing consensus. Based on the theoretical analysis, an estimation of the largest admissible delay is also available. This paper provides a general framework for achieving consensus in agents with time-varying coupling, such as coupling with external perturbations, intermittent control in on–off fashion, or pulse-modulated coupling strength, etc. Furthermore, useful criteria are given for various applications which have also been verified with numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Duopoly providers with bounded rationality are proposed from the grid background. • The providers can trade with each other and have different evolutionary structures. • Information asymmetry has different effects on heterogeneous players. • The information asymmetry increases the stability region of the proposed system. • Policy recommendations are given to the management of providers. In the power market, each entity is not completely rational when generate strategy, and the market information held by each entity is not exactly the same. In this paper, duopoly power providers with different selling adjustment structures are simplified from the actual grid background, where one provider can sell part of its power to another at contract price to store the power. Each provider is trying to maximize its profit by adjusting its power selling strategy. The process of evolutionary game with multi-periods bounded rational is established. One provider adjusts its selling strategy through the multi-periods market price and another through its multi-periods marginal profit. The quantity of power sold by each provider will tend to Nash equilibrium and how information asymmetry affects the stability of Nash equilibrium is analyzed through comparing dynamic power selling with and without information asymmetry. Information asymmetry has a great impact on one provider but not another. The numerical simulations also show that the information asymmetry will increase the stability region of the system. Different adjustment suggestions are proposed for different providers when information asymmetry occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal contamination is a major environmental and human health hazard in many areas of the world. Organic acids sequester heavy metals and protect plant roots from the effects of toxicity; however, it is largely unknown how these acids are regulated in response to heavy metal stress. Here, protein kinase SOS2L1 from apple was functionally characterized. MdSOS2L1 was found to be involved in the regulation of malate excretion, and to inhibit cadmium uptake into roots. Using the DUAL membrane system in a screen of an apple cDNA library with MdSOS2L1 as bait, a malate transporter, MdALMT14, was identified as an interactor. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation, pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation assays further indicated the interaction of the two proteins. Transgenic analyses showed that MdSOS2L1 is required for cadmium-induced phosphorylation at the Ser358 site of MdALMT14, a modification that enhanced the stability of the MdALMT14 protein. MdSOS2L1 was also shown to enhance cadmium tolerance in an MdALMT14-dependent manner. This study sheds light on the roles of the MdSOS2L1–MdALMT14 complex in physiological responses to cadmium toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leaf water conservation and pseudobulb water storage are two of the strategies commonly employed by epiphytic plants to adapt to dry environments. During the flowering period, a great deal of water transpires through the flowers, which then influences water-related processes. However, there is little research on the coordinated relationship between the different structures of epiphytes. Our study explored the phylogenetic conservation and evolutionary correlations between structural traits of 8 species in the genus Dendrobium by using phylogenetic independent contrast (PIC) analysis. Results: Leaf dry mass, leaf water content, leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area, stomatal density, stomatal area index, pseudobulb length, pseudobulb width, and flower dry mass show strong phylogenetic signals. Pseudobulb length is significantly positively correlated with stomatal volume but significantly negatively correlated with mesophyll thickness according to both species mean values and PIC values. Pseudobulb internode length is also positively correlated with stomatal volume but negatively correlated with stomatal density according to PIC values. Pseudobulb width is significantly positively correlated with leaf dry mass, stomatal density, stomatal area index, flower petal vein number and flower dry mass but negatively correlated with specific leaf area according to species mean values. However, these correlations are insignificant when PIC values are analyzed. Stomatal volume is positively correlated with flower dry mass, and after phylogeny is considered, this correlation is still significant. Leaf dry mass is positively correlated with flower petal vein number according to species values. Flower number per pseudobulb is negatively correlated with upper epidermal cell size according to species values but negatively correlated with stomatal area index according to PIC values. There are no correlations between pseudobulb and flower water-related traits according to PIC values. Conclusions: A trade-off should exist in epiphytic plants between the two drought-tolerant strategies of pseudobulb storage and leaf water retention. Plants possessing thick blades with a few large stomata tend to use the pseudobulb water storage strategy to adapt to drought. Small flowers and low flower dry mass should be associated with the leaf water retention strategy. In addition, flowers and leaves exhibit an obvious water balance and should share common selection pressures. The present study provides a case with which to understand the coordinated adaptation of different structures in epiphytic plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To evaluate the maximal sectional area (SA) of the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPmi) muscle and its potential correlation with to be named ligament (TBNL) in the suboccipital area using 3D MR imaging.Methods: A total of 365 subjects underwent sagittal 3D T2WI MR imaging of the RCPmi and TBNL. Among them, 45 subjects were excluded due to a particular clinical history or poor image quality. Finally, 320 subjects met the inclusion criteria, including 138 men and 182 women. The 624 RCPmi muscles were classified into positive and negative groups according to their attachment to the TBNL. Two experienced radiologists manually measured the maximum SA of the RCPmi muscle on the parasagittal image with a 30° deviation from the median sagittal plane. The correlations between the SA and the subject's age, height, BMI, gender, handedness, and age-related disc degeneration were tested by Spearman analysis. The SA differences between different groups were compared using independent samples t-test.Results: A total of 123 RCPmi-TBNL attachments were identified in the positive group, while 501 RCPmi muscles were identified in the negative group. The SA of the 624 RCPmi muscles was 62.71 ± 28.72 mm2 and was poorly correlated with the subject's age, BMI, or handedness, with no correlation with age-related disc degeneration. A fair correlation was found between the SA and the body height in the whole group, and poor correlation in each male/female group. The SA of the RCPmi muscle in males was significantly bigger than that in women ([75.54 ± 29.17] vs. [52.74 ± 24.07] mm2). The SA of RCPmi muscle in the positive group was significantly smaller than that in the negative group ([55.95 ± 26.76] mm2 vs. [64.37 ± 28.97] mm2).Conclusions: Our results revealed a significantly smaller SA of the RCPmi in subjects with RCPmi-TBNL attachment. Besides, a larger SA of the RCPmi was correlated with the male gender. These findings suggest that the SA of the RCPmi ought to be interpreted with care for each patient since there could be considerable variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the causal link amid economic growth, fossil fuel energy consumption, carbon emissions and oil price was empirically tested from 1990 to 2015 by using a panel of 22 African countries. The sample of African countries was divided into two subgroups namely; Oil exporters and Non-oil exporters. Using the PMG panel ARDL and panel econometric methods, heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence were considered to examine the long and short-term dynamic relationships as well as validity of a proposed model. Findings from the Pesaran-Yamagata homogeneity test, Pesaran CD test, CIPS and CADF panel unit root tests and Westerlund-Edgerton bootstrap panel cointegration indicated, the panel time series data has heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence, analysed variables are stationary and cointegrated respectively. With respect to the PMG panel ARDL estimation method it was evidenced that there exist, (i) a bilateral causal link flanked by fossil fuel energy consumption and economic growth as well as fossil fuel energy consumption and carbon emissions in long and shot-terms for all panels, (ii) a unilateral causality from carbon emissions to economic growth in long-term and short-term for non-oil exporters nonetheless a bilateral causal relationship only in long-term for oil exporting countries, and (iii) a unilateral cause-and-effect link from oil prices to economic growth, energy consumption (fossil fuel) and carbon emission across all country groups in long and short-terms. Policy recommendations are further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Sugars increase with drought stress in plants and accumulate in the vacuole. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying this process is not clear yet. In this study, protein interaction and phosphorylation experiments were conducted for sucrose transporter and CIPK kinase in apple. The specific phosphorylation site of sucrose transporter was identified with mass spectrometry. Transgenic analyses were performed to characterize their biological function. It was found that overexpression of sucrose transporter gene MdSUT2.2 in apple plants promoted sugar accumulation and drought tolerance. MdSUT2.2 protein was phosphorylated at Ser381 site in response to drought. A DUALmembrane system using MdSUT2.2 as bait through an apple cDNA library got a protein kinase MdCIPK22. Bimolecular fluorescence complementary (BiFC), pull‐down and co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assays further demonstrated that MdCIPK22 interacted with MdSUT2.2. A series of transgenic analysis showed that MdCIPK22 was required for the drought‐induced phosphylation at Ser381 site of MdSUT2.2 protein, and that it enhanced the stability and transport activity of MdSUT2.2 protein. Finally, it was found that MdCIPK22 overexpression promoted sugar accumulation and improved drought tolerance in an MdSUT2.2‐dependent manner in transgenic apple plants. MdCIPK22‐MdSUT2.2 regulatory module shed light on the molecular mechanism by which plant accumulates sugars and enhances tolerance in response to drought stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A DR of power credit model was established. • Virtual RTP was introduced based on power credit scheme. • Considering consumer comfort while optimizing cost. • Cost & uncertainty analysis was conducted to prove rationality of the model. Abstract In view of real-time pricing implementation difficulties and certain deficiencies of the time-of-use price in China, a novel virtual real-time electricity pricing scheme is proposed based on power credit incentive program in this paper, which can help to achieve better results for peak load shifting than the conventional time-of-use price-based scheme. In addition, it can also work as virtual real-time pricing mechanism. The aim of this study from the perspective of load scheduling of residential appliance device, focuses on the optimization of cost and willingness to change of the user, and further examining the feasibility and effectiveness of electricity pricing mechanism in detail. Finally, the application prospect of the electricity pricing mechanism in demand response is evaluated and the performance of the model in our study established with illustration from our simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drynaria roosii (Nakaike) is a traditional Chinese medicinal fern, known as 'GuSuiBu'. The effective components, naringin and neoeriocitrin, share a highly similar chemical structure and medicinal function. Our HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) results showed that the accumulation of naringin/neoeriocitrin depended on specific tissues or ages. However, little was known about the expression patterns of naringin/neoeriocitrin-related genes involved in their regulatory pathways. Due to a lack of basic genetic information, we applied a combination of single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and second-generation sequencing (SGS) to generate the complete and full-length transcriptome of D. roosii. According to the SGS data, the differentially expressed gene (DEG)-based heat map analysis revealed that naringin/neoeriocitrin-related gene expression exhibited obvious tissue- and time-specific transcriptomic differences. Using the systems biology method of modular organization analysis, we clustered 16,472 DEGs into 17 gene modules and studied the relationships between modules and tissue/time point samples, as well as modules and naringin/neoeriocitrin contents. We found that naringin/neoeriocitrin- related DEGs distributed in nine distinct modules, and DEGs in these modules showed significantly different patterns of transcript abundance to be linked to specific tissues or ages. Moreover, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) results further identified that PAL, 4CL and C4H, and C3H and HCT acted as the major hub genes involved in naringin and neoeriocitrin synthesis, respectively, and exhibited high co-expression with MYB- and basic helix-leucine-helix (bHLH)-regulated genes. In this work, modular organization and co-expression networks elucidated the tissue and time specificity of the gene expression pattern, as well as hub genes associated with naringin/neoeriocitrin synthesis in D. roosii. Simultaneously, the comprehensive transcriptome data set provided important genetic information for further research on D. roosii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Of Study: The current meta-analysis investigated the correlation between breast cancer type 1 (BRCA1) promoter methylation and the clinicopathological features of breast cancer (BC).Materials and Methods: An electronic literature search was performed to identify and select cohort studies, by employing stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria, for data relevant to promoter methylation of BRCA1 and BC. Statistical analysis of the extracted data was performed using comprehensive meta-analysis 2.0 software (CMA 2.0) (Biostat Inc., Englewood, New Jersey, USA).Results: A total of 125 published studies were retrieved from the literature search, and finally, 18 cohort studies meeting our inclusion criteria were incorporated into our meta-analysis. The 18 studies contained a total of 3213 BC patients. Meta-analysis results revealed that BRCA1 promoter methylation in BC patients with high and moderately differentiated tumors (I-II) was significantly lower than patients with poorly-differentiation tumors (III) (odds ratio [OR] =0.450, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] =0.241-0.838, P = 0.012). BRCA1 promoter methylation in BC patients with lymph node (LN) metastasis was significantly higher than patients without LN metastasis (OR = 2.244, 95% CI = 1.278-3.940, P = 0.005). The results of ethnicity-based subgroup analysis showed a significant difference in histological grade of BC on Asians, LN metastasis of BC in Asians and Caucasians, subtypes of BC in Caucasians, and age at diagnosis of BC patients in Caucasians (all P < 0.05).Conclusions: Our meta-analysis revealed that BRCA1 promoter methylation status is linked to tumor grade and LN metastasis of BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a new affinity medium of Zn-SBA-15-immobilized ACE was prepared and applied in the separation of ACE inhibitor peptides from Volutharpa ampullacea perryi protein hydrolysate. Molecular sieve SBA-15 for immobilizing ACE was prepared by hydrothermal crystallization method. Zn2+ was directly adsorbed by SBA-15 to form Zn-SBA-15. ACE was immobilized on Zn-SBA-15 by affinity adsorption. ACE inhibitory peptides were separated by affinity chromatography based on the specific binding force between immobilized ACE and its inhibitors. The bound peptides were released by 2 M NaCl and further purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Then the amino acid sequence of two peptides with ACE inhibitory activity was identified by MS/MS. Two new ACE inhibitory peptides Ile-Val-Thr-Asn-Trp-Asp-Asp-Met-Glu-Lys (IC50 = 2.08 mM)) and Val-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Arg-Pro-Gly (IC50 = 4.66 mM) were purified from Volutharpa ampullacea perryi protein hydrolysate. The study suggest that the two peptides separated from the Volutharpa ampullacea perryi protein hydrolysate were potent ACE inhibitors and may be used to decrease blood pressure. The significance of the research is to prepare a new affinity medium of Zn-SBA-15 immobilized ACE and apply it in separation of ACE inhibitory peptides from Volutharpa ampullacea perryi protein hydrolysate, which can also provide an effective means to separate the peptides with ACE inhibitory activities from other food sources. It can promote the research and development of antihypertensive active substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many current studies on smart grid in electricity market are indicative of the key role it plays in electricity generation, distribution, retailing and end-user management. Demand response programs (DRPs) can be used to lower high energy prices in wholesale electricity markets, and ensure the security of power systems when at risk. The concern of most researchers in this field is to further unearth the potential of smart grid in the direction of demand response (DR) through enhanced demand side management (DSM) centering on the behavior of the end-user. Our model proposes a more effective way in using incentive based demand response program to help residential customers derive more benefits from smart grid. The constrained non-linear programming (CNLP) model optimizes residential consumption of electricity by shaving of load at peak and increasing of load at off-peak to help generators reduce production cost at peak times and increase revenue at of off-peaks. The model uses a credit function to regulate consumption and reward end-users for load shedding and load shifting at peaks and also at off-peaks reward end-users for increasing load. The simulated results show that, high consumption appliances are best used at dawn, midday, and at night, if consumers want to cut down cost. The corresponding effect is that, generating and distribution companies derive the right revenue from their investments by not producing beyond their capacity during peaks at high cost and maintain constant power supply in and environmentally friendly manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity power is a basic industrial component which plays an important role in the economy of a nation. In this paper, the correlations evolution of electricity prices among 50 states and the District of Columbia are studied based on random matrix theory (RMT) Four regime shifts are identified from January 1990 to August 2014 in the U.S. residential, commercial and industrial electricity markets. Then, the genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to analyze the clusters of evolution. The results show that, the correlations of electricity prices increased continually in the three departments. However, it decreased in 2012 which further confirms its sensitivity to fuel market. Besides, four regime shifts exist in the three departments though the different times of occurrence caused by price level. And, the fluctuation of community evolution is consistent with four regime shifts. The final part is a summary of the research analyzed and results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cells with the desired phenotype and number are critical for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Uniparental parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (pESCs) share fundamental properties with embryonic stem cells. This study aims to determine the viability of pESC-based tissue engineering for bone and cartilage reconstruction. The mouse pESCs were cultured in suspension to form embryoid bodies. An adherent cultivation approach was employed to obtain parthenogenetic embryonic mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs) from the embryoid bodies. Then, the pMSCs were cultured in conditional media to differentiate into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. The pESC-derived osteoblasts and chondroblasts were seeded into coral and sodium alginate scaffolds, respectively. The cell-seeded scaffolds were implanted into dorsal subcutaneous pockets of nude mice to evaluate ectopic reconstruction of bone and cartilage. We demonstrated that pESCs display the capacity to differentiate into all three germ layers. The generated pMSCs were able to differentiate into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages, which survived well after seeding into coral and alginate acid scaffolds. Six weeks after cell-scaffold implantation, gross inspection and histological examination revealed that ectopic bone and cartilage tissues had successfully regenerated in the specimen. According to the findings of this study, pESC derivatives have a high potential for bone and cartilage regeneration. Schematic outlines of pESC differentiation and the engineering of bone and cartilage. The pESC could be directed to differentiate into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. After cell-seeded scaffolds were implanted into nude mice, the engineering bone graft (EBG) and the engineering cartilage graft (ECG) were successfully fabricated. [Display omitted] • Parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (pESCs) possess a multi-lineage potential. • A stepwise method directs pESCs to differentiate into osteoblasts and chondroblasts. • The pESCs derivatives facilitate bone and cartilage regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing negative effects of fossil fuel combustion, many countries have paid more attention on supporting environmentally friendly energy generation, particularly renewable and sustainable energy sources (RES). However, renewables still cannot economically compete with fossil-fuels and are facing new challenges. Appropriate electricity pricing mechanism plays a vital role on mitigating the stress of limited fossil fuels and can promote renewable energy consumption. As one major type of renewable energy, wind power has been globally promoted. In order to promote the application of wind power, appropriate wind power prices (WPP) should be established by considering the local conditions. This paper targets such a field and conducts a bibliometric and network analysis based on the data from Scopus. The results show that the numbers of total related publications are gradually increasing, with the US as the leading country. European countries also have outstanding achievements. Moreover, both the most cited articles and keywords distribution offer future research directions. In general, this study provides valuable insights to both wind power researchers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The Chinese government has greatly increased funding for disease control and prevention since the 2003 Severe Acute Respiration Syndrome crisis, but it is also concerned whether these increased resources have been used efficiently to improve public health services. We aimed to assess the efficiency of county-level Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) of China and to identify strategies for optimising their performance.Methods: A total of 446 county-level CDCs were selected based on systematic sampling throughout China. The data envelopment analysis framework was used to calculate the efficiency score of sampled CDCs in 2010. The Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) model was applied to calculate the overall and scale efficiency, and the Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC) model was used to assess technical efficiency. Models included three inputs and seven outputs. A projection analysis was conducted to identify the difference between projection value and actual value for inputs and outputs.Results: The average overall efficiency score of CDCs was 0.317, and the average technical efficiency score was 0.442 and 88.3% with decreasing returns to scale. Projection analysis indicated that all seven categories of outputs were underproduced. CDCs in the eastern region tended to perform better than CDCs in the middle and the western region.Conclusions: Most county-level CDCs in China were operated inefficiently. Emphasis should be put on increasing staff and general operating expenses through current governmental funding, upgrading healthcare providers' competencies and enhancing the standardisation of operational management, so that CDCs could utilise their resources more efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here the role of microplastic size on dissolved organic matter, leaching compounds and microbial community during anaerobic sludge digestion was evaluated. Compared to that without the addition of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), during the 30 days' incubation, the anaerobic sludge digestion by adding PVC at the size of 75 μm and the concentration of 2.4 g/g volatile solids (VS) showed a 8.5% lower cumulative methane production, while a 17.9% higher cumulative methane production was noted by adding PVC at the size of 3000 μm and the concentration of 2.4 g/g VS. A long-term fed-batch laboratory-scale fermenter test for 147 days further testified, that higher removal efficiencies of total solids, volatile solids, and total chemical oxygen demand, and higher methane production were noted by adding PVC (2.4 g/g VS, 3000 μm) into the fermenter. More interestingly, higher concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, volatile fatty acids, and soluble microbial by-products component were noted in the liquid phase of sludge drawn from the fermenter added with PVC since the biomass therein showed higher efficiencies of solubilization, hydrolysis, acidification, and methanogenesis. Moreover, as identified from the fermenter added with PVC, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was the most predominant leaching phthalates compound, although the biomass therein showed a 93.4% anaerobic biodegradability of DBP. The leaching of DBP drove the predominance of microbial community towards Synergistota and Methanosaeta. More irregular elliptical shallow dimples were noted on the PVC surface after 147 days' incubation, accompanied with abundances of Proteobacteria , Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium. The results from this study showed that the size of microplastic was a crucial factor in evaluating its impact on anaerobic sludge digestion. • The addition of PVC (2.4 g/g VS, 3000 μm) resulted in higher methane production. • DOM concentration was higher after PVC added into the long-term fermenter (147 days). • DBP was the most predominant residual phthalate identified from sludge added with PVC. • DBP resulted in the predominance of Synergistota and Methanosaeta. • Pyrrole-N, protein-N, and irregular dimples were noted on the PVC surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a significant fungal pathogen of crops and trees, causes large economic losses worldwide. However, its pathogenic mechanism remains totally unclear. In this study, four Ena ATPases (Exitus natru-type adenosine triphosphatases), homology of yeast Ena proteins, were identified in C. gloeosporioides. Gene deletion mutants of ΔCgena1, ΔCgena2, ΔCgena3, and ΔCgena4 were obtained through the method of gene replacement. First, a subcellular localization pattern indicated that CgEna1 and CgEna4 were localized in the plasma membrane, while the CgEna2 and CgEna3 were distributed in the endoparasitic reticulum. Next, it was found that CgEna1 and CgEna4 were required for sodium accumulation in C. gloeosporioides. CgEna3 was required for extracellular ion stress of sodium and potassium. CgEna1 and CgEna3 were involved in conidial germination, appressorium formation, invasive hyphal development, and full virulence. The mutant of ΔCgena4 was more sensitive to the conditions of high concentrations of ion and the alkaline. Together, these results indicated that CgEna ATPase proteins have distinct roles in sodium accumulation, stress resistance, and full virulence in C. gloeosporioides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is usually fatal due to right ventricular failure and is frequently associated with co-existing left ventricular dysfunction. Endothelin-1 is a powerful pro-fibrotic mediator and vasoconstrictor that is elevated in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Endothelin receptor blockers are commonly used as pulmonary vasodilators, however their effect on biventricular injury, remodeling and function, despite elevated isolated right ventricular afterload is unknown. Methods: Elevated right ventricular afterload was induced by progressive pulmonary artery banding. Seven rabbits underwent pulmonary artery banding without macitentan; 13 received pulmonary artery banding + macitentan; and 5 did not undergo inflation of the pulmonary artery band (sham-operated controls). Results: Right and left ventricular collagen content was increased with pulmonary artery banding compared to sham-operated controls and ameliorated by macitentan. Right ventricular fibrosis signaling (connective tissue growth factor and endothelin-1 protein levels); extra-cellular matrix remodeling (matrix-metalloproteinases 2 and 9), apoptosis and apoptosis-related peptides (caspases 3 and 8) were increased with pulmonary artery banding compared with sham-operated controls and decreased with macitentan. Conclusion: Isolated right ventricular afterload causes biventricular fibrosis, right ventricular apoptosis and extra cellular matrix remodeling, mediated by up-regulation of endothelin-1 and connective tissue growth factor signaling. These pathological changes are ameliorated by dual endothelin receptor blockade despite persistent elevated right ventricular afterload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary pleural lymphoma is rare and has been described in association with human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) infection or pyothorax. We report a rare case of primary pleural lymphoma in a 73-year-old man who presented with chest pain and no history of HIV infection or pyothorax. Chest imaging showed pleural thickening and pleural effusion. Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy was performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations conformed to that of a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Physicians should be aware of this rare location of primary lymphoma and implement thoracoscopy as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From June 2014 to January 2015, the slumped price of crude oil mainly be caused by the increasing shale gas in the U.S. The market of crude oil was altered by the variation of natural gas trade patterns. It implies that the international fossil energy trade is a multilayer structure, and each layer is a complex system with numerous countries and complicated relations. In this paper, we build the international fossil energy trade multilayer network (ETMN), and study the evolutionary characteristics of networks during 2002–2013. The generalization of several important indicators, including degree distribution, community, stability of communities and the time-varying evolution of main countries’ importance were discussed. Our conclusions suggest that: Firstly, the ETMN and three energy-specific networks including coal, oil, and natural gas display the scale-free characteristic in un-weighted and weighted networks. However, it shows that even if a few countries have major trading partners, there are not always a few countries that play critical roles in trade intensity. Secondly, the natural gas network has the largest number of communities and stability compared with networks of coal and oil, and the volatility of stability lagged one year than the other two networks for the specific form of pipeline transportation. Thirdly, studying on the stability of networks shows that geopolitical environment is the most important influenced factor, but the status of renewable and new energy increases with its development obviously. Fourthly, the evolutionary characteristics of three major countries’ importance, including United States, China and Japan, are analyzed in detail. At last, some policy suggestions were pointed out according to the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of naphthalene series and lignin series dispersants on the sedimentation of coal particles and the stability of coal water slurry (CWS) were investigated using the multiple light scattering technique of Turbiscan Lab stability analyzer. The results show that coalescence between coal particles is the direct factor which causes differential sedimentation, and influences the stability of CWS. The variation of backscattering luminous flux is lower than 0.9%, and the CWS does not produce hard sedimentation in seven days. The average size of coal particle increases gradually along with the extension of standing time. The change rule is not obvious between average size and the ratio of compounded dispersants in the early standing time, but the average size decreases with the increase of additional amount of lignin series dispersants, TSI value shows a decreasing trend, and the stability of CWS increases gradually, which further confirmed the coalescence between coal particles is the main factor that influence the stability of CWS. Turbiscan Lab stability analyzer can realize real-time analysis on the stability and sedimentation process of CWS, and provide reliable data support for the selection of appropriate dispersant and its dosage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new polymeric nitrogen structures (P2 1 /m, C2/c, P2 1 2 1 2 1 -500, Pnnm, P2 1 and Cmc21) are predicted by the USPEX in the pressure ranges of 100–600 GPa and further investigated using the first-principles density functional theory for the first time. The thermodynamic stabilities, mechanical stabilities and dynamical stabilities of these six phases are explored at 100–600 GPa, respectively. The results show Cmc21 is a metastable phase without metallic property at the pressure ranging from 100 to 600 GPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Defective hydrogen titanate nanowires (HT-NW) have been prepared as SIBs anodes. • The defective HT-NW presents a Na+-solvent co-intercalation behavior at −25 °C. • The defective HT-NW exhibits lower charge transfer activation energy at −25 °C. • At −25 °C, the defective HT-NW//Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 exhibits superior battery performance. Due to the sluggish interfacial kinetics, the energy density and cycle life of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) suffer severely at subzero temperatures. Herein, to accelerate the interfacial charge transfer process and improve the low-temperature SIBs performance, a strategy by triggering Na+-solvent co-intercalation is proposed. Using hydrogen titanate nanowires (HT-NW) as a model, we found that the layer structure regulation with oxygen defects could trigger HT-NW presents a unique Na+-solvent co-intercalation behavior in the ether-based electrolyte at −25 °C according to ex-situ FTIR and XRD. By eliminating the Na+ desolvation process, Na+-solvent co-intercalation could effectively accelerate the Na+ diffusion kinetics and reduce the activation energy to 66.0 meV. Benefit from these ameliorations, the defective HT-NW delivers a high capacity of 238 mAh g−1 at −25 °C, which is equivalent to 89% of that at 25 °C. Besides, the defective HT-NW shows great superiority in cycle stability, maintaining capacity retention of 80.6% after 4200 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 at −25 °C. Moreover, at −25 °C, the defective HT-NW//Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 full cell exhibits high energy density (119.1 Wh kg−1) and outstanding stability (94.5% after 1000 cycles at 1.0C). These findings reveal that the ion–solvent co-intercalation is highly feasible to improve the battery performance at low temperatures by accelerating charge transfer kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sun, M.; Zhang, C.-Y., and Xie, C.-Y., 2019. Structural characteristics analysis and optimization of large hydraulic press water control system for marine engineering. In: Gong, D.; Zhu, H., and Liu, R. (eds.), Selected Topics in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 94, pp. 332–336. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. With the development of science and technology and the construction of offshore oil platforms, the optimization of water control systems for large hydraulic press has become an inevitable trend in marine engineering research. Combining with related theories of mechanical engineering and marine engineering, and numerical analysis method, this paper adopted the finite element analysis software ABAQUS to establish numerical models for the water inlet and outlet valves of the hydraulic press, it simulated and analyzed the flow field state of the valve port under different fluid pressures and spool displacements, thereby studying the structural characteristics and optimization of the hydraulic press water control system. The results showed that when the fluid past through the inlet valve, local low-pressure zones appeared at the inlet valve port, and the low-pressure zones inside the inlet valve port increased with the increase of the spool displacement; the fluid pressure had a certain degree influence on the flow performance of the inlet valve, under the same spool displacement, the fluid flow increased with the displacement of the inlet valve spool; the speed increase of fluid flow past through the outlet valve gradually increased with the increase of the displacement of the outlet valve spool, the fluid pressure of the outlet valve increased first and then decreased as the displacement of the spool increased. This study provided technical support for the application of hydraulic press in marine engineering and laid a theoretical foundation for the structural optimization of hydraulic press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A demand response of evaluation model is established. • Interactive real-time pricing mechanism based on an evaluation model is introduced. • The optimal operation scheme of appliances is optimized. Electricity price mechanism is an important means to implement demand response, especially in the home energy management system. A reasonable pricing mechanism therefore can stimulate the enthusiasm of residential users and as well balance power supply and demand effectively. From the perspective of residential users, this paper establishes a residential user evaluation system based on an evaluation model by selecting indicators related to user characteristics and electricity consumption data, and as well proposes a new interactive real-time pricing mechanism. A constrained multi-objective optimization model is then constructed, and the optimal operation scheme of each appliance is optimized. Numerical simulation and case studies show that, the optimization model can accurately schedule operations of household appliances. Besides, under the action of interactive real-time pricing, the electricity load fluctuation rate and electricity cost are significantly reduced compared with other comparative cases. The results confirm that, interactive real-time pricing aside reducing the cost of energy for users, can also play an active role in reducing peak loads and increase off-peak load, thereby stabilizing the load fluctuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Extended contact with silica particles can lead to Silicosis, a chronic lung condition lacking established treatment protocols or clear mechanisms of development. The urgency for innovative treatments arises from the unavailability of effective treatment methodologies. The origin of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis includes essential processes such as macrophage activation and the conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, with oxidative stress playing a pivotal role. Shionone (SHI), a triterpenoid extracted from the Aster tataricus plant, is recognized for its extensive health benefits. This study explores the capability of SHI to alleviate the effects of silica-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Methods: This investigation explored the impact of SHI on lung inflammation and fibrosis at different stages (early and late) triggered by silica in mice, focusing specifically on the initial and more developed phases. It comprised an analysis of isolated peritoneal macrophages and fibroblasts extracted from mice to elucidate SHI's therapeutic potential and its underlying mechanism. The methodology employed encompassed quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and western blotting to examine macrophage activity and their transition into myofibroblasts. The activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway by SHI was confirmed via immunofluorescence and western blot studies. SHI's antioxidative properties were evidenced by the measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial ROS within both macrophages and fibroblasts, using 2′, 7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and MitoSOX, respectively. The relevance of SHI was further underscored by applying ML385 and Nrf2 siRNA to gauge its effectiveness. Results: Starting SHI treatment early countered the harmful effects of lung inflammation and fibrosis caused by silica, while initiating SHI at a later phase decelerated the advancement of fibrosis. SHI's action was linked to the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, a boost in antioxidant enzyme levels, and a decrease in oxidative stress and inflammation in macrophages affected by silica. Furthermore, SHI prevented the conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts prompted by TGF-β, along with the resultant oxidative stress. The beneficial outcomes of SHI were negated when ML385 and Nrf2 siRNA were applied, highlighting the pivotal role of the Nrf2 pathway in SHI's efficacy. Conclusion: SHI plays a significant role in stimulating the Nrf2 pathway, thereby defending against silica-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in macrophages, and inhibiting the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts due to TGF-β. This suggests that SHI is a viable option for treating lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice suffering from silicosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-cadmium (Cd) accumulating wheat cultivars (LAWC-Cds) can effectively reduce the total Cd content in wheat grains (Grain-Cd). Thirteen LAWC-Cds were planted in three fields to study the enrichment, transport, and accumulation patterns of Cd in LAWC-Cds. Compared with the soil properties before planting, the soil pH and the total Cd content in the soil decreased, while the Cd content in the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid extract, soil conductivity, and soil organic matter increased at wheat maturity. The Cd enrichment capacity of the different organs of wheat decreased in the following order: root > leaf > rachis > stem > glume > grain. The dynamics of Cd accumulation in roots affected Grain-Cd, and these factors were negatively correlated. The Cd content and Cd accumulation in all organs of LAWC-Cds showed strong negative correlations with the lengths of the first and second internodes and highly significant positive correlations with both grains per spike and awn length. Structural equation modeling showed that the Cd content of wheat organs had the most direct effect (0.639) in determining Grain-Cd, and soil properties had the largest effect (0.744) in influencing Grain-Cd. This study is important for screening wheat cultivars with stable low Cd-accumulation characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. During in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment, the reproductive endocrine regulatory mechanisms hold pivotal importance. Specifically, the serum estradiol ( E 2 ) level during ovulation emerges as a critical factor influencing pregnancy outcomes. This retrospective study aimed to comprehensively compare two common clinical regimens based on the grouping of serum E 2 levels and the number of oocytes retrieved on the trigger day. Our objective was to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes in IVF-ET patients across different ovarian response groups, exploring the efficacy of the dual-trigger and single-trigger regimens to provide valuable insights for optimizing clinical strategies in the context of IVF-ET. Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 2778 infertile patients who underwent ART (IVF/ICSI). Subsequently, a detailed statistical analysis was performed on 1032 patients following an antagonist regimen. Participants were categorized into single-trigger and dual-trigger groups based on real-world trigger protocols, considering different ovarian responses. Comprehensive statistical assessments were conducted on baseline characteristics, ovulation induction, and pregnancy outcomes. Results. Baseline characteristics and cycle parameters among the three patient groups (high ovarian response, normal response, and poor response) exhibited no significant differences between the dual-trigger and single-trigger regimen groups. Despite the dual-trigger regimen utilizing a significantly lower HCG dose, no notable discrepancies were observed in laboratory results and pregnancy outcomes (embryo transfer rate, pregnancy rate, and live birth rate) for normal and high responders. Remarkably, E 2 levels were higher in the dual-trigger group compared to the single-trigger group. In high and normal responders, the dual-trigger regimen demonstrated increased oocyte counts and oocyte acquisition rates, coupled with decreased transfer cancellation rates attributed to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Intriguingly, patients with a poor ovarian response experienced no graft cancellations due to OHSS prevention in either group. Conclusion. For patients with high and normal ovarian responses, the utilization of a dual-trigger regimen on the trigger day effectively mitigates the risk of OHSS. Our large sample study supports the substitutability of the dual-trigger regimen over the single-trigger regimen without compromising pregnancy outcomes. However, this conclusion is not applicable to patients with poor ovarian responses. The results of this study highlight the necessity of adopting a customized and individualized treatment approach that should be based on the patient's ovarian response. Additionally, recognizing the pivotal role of the endocrine environment in influencing pregnancy outcomes and the occurrence of OHSS, further exploration of the effects of different triggering regimens on endocrine parameters is warranted. Such investigations will contribute to enhancing the reproductive outcomes of IVF-ET technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous Fenton dominated by ·OH is limited in its application, as pre-acidification is required to maximize the generation amount and redox potential of ·OH. It is thus featured to consume resources and generate pollutants. In this study, both CuS/H 2 O 2 and Cu 2 S/H 2 O 2 are found to show better performances under close-to-neutral condition (pH 5.0 to 9.0) than acidic condition (pH 3.0) when degrading a model contaminant, sulfamethazine (SMZ), because ·OH does not play a major role in both systems. The Cu valence-dependent catalytic mechanisms are responsible for the varied kinetics between CuS/H 2 O 2 and Cu 2 S/H 2 O 2. In CuS/H 2 O 2 , Cu(III) and 1O 2 contribute to the SMZ degradation, and their contributions are pH-dependent. In Cu 2 S/H 2 O 2 , Cu(III) is responsible for the degradation regardless of the pH. Both systems with optimal performances under neutral condition are advantageous as pre-acidification can be avoided. In addition, air sparging induces additional 16% SMZ degradation in Cu 2 S/H 2 O 2 under acidic condition, because the sparged O 2 reacts with dissolved Cu(I). The more O 2 reacts with the dissolved Cu(I), the less generated Cu(III) is ineffectively depleted. Air sparging is readily applicable to different operations, thus its combination with Cu 2 S/H 2 O 2 potentially benefits the development of environmentally-friendly treatment process for industrial wastewater. • CuS/H 2 O 2 and Cu 2 S/H 2 O 2 are more effective under neutral than acidic condition. • Cu(III) is critical in Cu 2 S/H 2 O 2 , independent of solution pH. • Cu(III) and 1O 2 are critical in CuS/H 2 O 2 , but pH dependent. • Air sparging is an cleaner alternative to improve the Cu 2 S/H 2 O 2 performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacterial infection has a significant impact on the human health. With the widespread use of antibiotics, the bacterial resistance has increased significantly, which necessitates the urgent identification of novel antibacterial materials. In this study, a hydrogel with an inherent antibacterial ability, self-assembled from a heterochiral peptide C16-DL4LR4, has been reported. The hydrogel demonstrated optimal rheological and injectable properties. It revealed a time-dependent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis as well as Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei. After 5 h treatment with the hydrogel, the survival rate of S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and Sh. sonnei bacteria was decreased to 5.9%, 0%, 5.3% and 11.09%, respectively. The chiral nanofibers with a diameter of 15–20 nm in the hydrogel were observed to be conducive to the aggregation of bacteria and destruction of the cell membrane to achieve the antibacterial effect. In addition, the in vitro analysis on the mouse embryonic fibroblasts confirmed the superior biocompatibility of the hydrogel. The results obtained in this study provide the basis for the development of the functional antibacterial hydrogels by the self-assembly of the heterochiral peptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sun, M.; Zhang, J., and Guo, Y.Y., 2020. Anonymous identity authentication scheme for VANETs. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 203–209. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The application of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is of great significance to traffic optimization and traffic safety. The network security of VANETs becomes the key to restrict the development of VANETs. In this paper, we propose an anonymous authentication scheme for VANETs, in which we avoid using certificates in the authentication process between the RSU and the vehicle. This identity-based authentication scheme solves the problem of certificate storage and management in the authentication protocols based on the public key infrastructure(PKI). In our scheme, the system key isn't stored in the roadside unit (RSU) or the tamper-proof device (TPD) of the vehicle like some other schemes. When the RSU communicates with the vehicles, the local key generated by the RSU is used to sign the transmitted message, so that even if the local key of the RSU has been leaked, the security of the entire system will not be affected. And the RSU can update the local key to improve the security of the communication. The scheme uses timestamps in authentication, key agreement and message signing, which effectively avoids replaying attacks. The analysis shows that the proposed scheme can satisfy the security and privacy requirements of VANETs. The message authentication computation costs and communication overhead are improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anthropogenic release of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) into the environmental media is not limited to photochemical oxidation of CFC alternatives and industrial emissions. Biological degradation of some fluorochemicals is expected to be a potential TFA source. For the first time, we assess if the potential precursors [6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH), 4:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (4:2 FTOH), acrinathrin, trifluralin, and 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylic acid (TFMAA)] can be biologically degraded to TFA. Results show that 6:2 FTOH was terminally transformed to 5:3 polyfluorinated acid (5:3 FTCA; 12.5 mol%), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA; 2.0 mol%), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA; 1.6 mol%), perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA; 1.7 mol%), and TFA (2.3 mol%) by day 32 in the landfill soil microbial culture system. 4:2 FTOH could remove multiple –CF 2 groups by microorganisms and produce PFPeA (2.6 mol%), PFBA (17.4 mol%), TFA (7.8 mol%). We also quantified the degradation products of TFMAA as PFBA (1.3 mol%) and TFA (6.3 mol%). Furthermore, we basically analyzed the biodegradation contribution of short-chain FTOH as raw material residuals in commercial products to the TFA burden in the environmental media. We estimate global emission of 3.9–47.3 tonnes of TFA in the period from 1961 to 2019, and project 3.8–46.4 tonnes to be emitted from 2020 to 2040 via the pathway of 4:2 and 6:2 FTOH biodegradation (0.6–7.1 and 0.6–7.0 tonnes in China, respectively). Direct evidence of the experiments indicates that biodegradation of fluorochemicals is an overlooked source of TFA and there are still some unspecified mechanisms of TFA production pathways. Image 1 • We firstly assessed if the selected five fluorochemicals can be biodegraded to TFA. • TFA yields of 6:2 FTOH, 4:2 FTOH, and TFMAA biodegradation were determined. • Residual 4:2 and 6:2 FTOH contributed 3.9–47.3 tonnes of global TFA burden by far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil extracellular enzymes play an important role in regulating nitrogen (N) mineralization processes in paddy fields. Therefore, in this work, we determine the influence of a long-term fertilizer regime on rhizosphere soil N fertilization rates, soil enzymes, soil microbial community (bacterial ureolytic community (ureC), bacterial chitinolytic community (chiA)) under the double-cropping rice field in southern of China. The field experiment included the following fertilizer regimes: inorganic fertilizer alone (IF), rice straw and inorganic fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% inorganic fertilizer (OM), without any fertilizer input as a control (CK). The results showed that rhizosphere soil N transformation rates in the paddy fields with OM and RF treatments were increased, compared with IF and CK treatments. Soil urease, β-glucosaminidase and arginase activities were significantly increased under OM and RF treatments. This result indicated that functional gene abundances of sub, npr and chiA were significantly greater under RF and OM treatments compared to IF and CK treatments. Soil bacterial ureolytic and chitinolytic communities were significantly changed by the different fertilization strategies. The practice of applying rice straw and organic manure seems beneficial for increasing rhizosphere soil N mineralization rates and microbial community diversity in the double-cropping rice fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fouling of separation membranes has consistently been a primary factor contributing to the decline in membrane performance. Enhancing the surface hydrophilicity of the membrane proves to be an effective strategy in mitigating membrane fouling in water treatment processes. Zwitterionic polymers (containing an equimolar number of homogeneously distributed anionic and cationic groups on the polymer chains) have been used extensively as one of the best antifouling materials for surface modification. The conventional application of zwitterionic compounds as surface modifiers is intricate and inefficient, adding complexity and length to the membrane preparation process, particularly on an industrial scale. To overcome these limitations, zwitterionic polymer, directly used as a main material, is an effective method. In this work, a novel zwitterionic polymer (TB)—zwitterionic Tröger's base (ZTB)—was synthesized by quaternizing Tröger's base (TB) with 1,3-propane sultone. The obtained ZTB is blended with TB to fabricate microfiltration (MF) membranes via the vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) process, offering a strategic solution for separating emulsified oily wastewater. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle, and zeta potential measurements were employed to characterize the surface of ZTB/TB blended membranes, assessing surface morphology, charge, and hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties. The impact of varying ZTB levels on membrane surface morphology, hydrophilicity, water flux, and rejection were investigated. The results showed that an increase in ZTB content improved hydrophilicity and surface roughness, consequently enhancing water permeability. Due to the attraction of water vapor, the enrichment of zwitterionic segments was enriched, and a stable hydration layer was formed on the membrane surface. The hydration layer formed by zwitterions endowed the membrane with good antifouling properties. The proposed mechanism elucidates the membrane's proficiency in demulsification and the reduction in irreversible fouling through the synergistic regulation of surface charge and hydrophilicity, facilitated by electrostatic repulsion and the formation of a hydration layer. The ZTB/TB blended membranes demonstrated superior efficiency in oil–water separation, achieving a maximum flux of 1897.63 LMH bar−1 and an oil rejection rate as high as 99% in the oil–water emulsion separation process. This study reveals the migration behavior of the zwitterionic polymer in the membrane during the VIPS process. It enhances our comprehension of the antifouling mechanism of zwitterionic membranes and provides guidance for designing novel materials for antifouling membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep-related outcomes in people with diabetes are poor, which is closely linked to reducing the development of diabetes. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based intervention presents innovative solutions that can help improve sleep-related outcomes. Aim: This synthesis aims to assess the effectiveness of CBT-based intervention compared to controls in Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) for sleep-related outcomes among people with diabetes. Methods: Eight electronic databases were systematically searched: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang database. We examined CBT-based intervention's effectiveness on sleep-related outcomes in people with diabetes in RCTs identified in these databases from their inception to 1st November 2023, and updated on 15 January 2024. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool by two reviewers. The meta-analysis of included studies was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Seven studies in total (n = 2633 participants) were included in this systematic review based on our inclusion criteria. The systematic review found CBT-based intervention significantly improved sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI scores) at immediate post-intervention [95% CI=(− 1.31 to -0.32), p = 0.001], six months [95% CI=(− 0.75 to − 0.22), p = 0.0003], and 12 months [95% CI=(− 0.72 to − 0.24), < 0.0001], compared to control groups. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that six sessions [95% CI= (− 0.38 to − 0.13), p < 0.0001] or more than six sessions [95% CI=(− 1.76 to − 0.02), p = 0.05] of CBT-based intervention could improve sleep quality compared to controls (I2=0%). Interestingly, CBT-based intervention improves total sleep time at post-intervention in people with diabetes compared to the control group [95% CI= (− 0.57 to − 0.12), p = 0.003]. However, there was no significant that CBT-based intervention is beneficial to time to fall asleep [95% CI (− 1.89 to 0.43), p = 0.22] and sleep efficiency [95% CI (− 1.27 to 0.27), p = 0.20] after intervention, compared to control group. Conclusion: CBT-based intervention appears to have a beneficial effect on improving sleep quality and total sleep time among people with diabetes. CBT-based intervention could be considered a strategy among healthcare providers to enhance sleep quality and total sleep time for people with diabetes. More RCTs with rigorous designs and long-term follow-up are warranted to provide conclusive evidence of the CBT-based intervention on sleep-related outcomes and to explore the mechanisms by which the CBT-based interventions improve sleep-related outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the role of the FcepsilonRI (FcεRI) signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of benign lymphoepithelial lesion of lacrimal gland (LGBLEL). Transcriptomic analysis was performed on LGBLEL and orbital cavernous hemangioma (CH) patients diagnosed via histopathology in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, between July 2010 and October 2013. Four LGBLEL and three orbital CH patients, diagnosed between October 2018 and August 2019, were randomly selected as experimental and control groups, respectively. RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting were used to verify genes and proteins related to the FcεRI signaling pathway. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the FcεRI signaling pathway was upregulated in the LGBLEL compared with the CH group. The mRNA expression levels of important genes including SYK, p38, JNK, PI3K, and ERK were significantly increased in the LGBLEL group (P = 0.0066, P = 0.0002, P = 0.0003, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining results showed that SYK, p38, and ERK were positively expressed in LGBLEL, while JNK and PI3K were not. The protein contents of P-SYK, P-p38, P-JNK, P-PI3K, and P-ERK were significantly higher in the LGBLEL than in the CH group (P = 0.0169, P = 0.0074, P = 0.0046, P = 0.0157, P = 0.0156, respectively). The FcεRI signaling pathway participates in the pathogenesis of LGBLEL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]