4,247 results on '"Xue, Song"'
Search Results
2. Chains of model structures arising from modules of finite Gorenstein dimension
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Gao, Nan, Lu, Xue-Song, and Zhang, Pu
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Mathematics - Representation Theory ,Primary 16E30, 18N40, Secondary 16E10, 16E65, 16G50 - Abstract
For any integer $n\ge 0$ and any ring $R$, \ $(\mathcal {PGF}_n, \ \mathcal P_n^\perp \cap \mathcal {PGF}^{\perp})$ proves to be a complete hereditary cotorsion pair in $R$-Mod, where $\mathcal {PGF}$ is the class of PGF modules, introduced by J. \v{S}aroch and J. \v{S}\'{t}ov\'{i}\v{c}ek, and \ $\mathcal {PGF}_n$ is the class of $R$-modules of PGF dimension $\le n$. For any Artin algebra $R$, \ $(\mathcal {GP}_n, \ \mathcal P_n^\perp \cap \mathcal {GP}^{\perp})$ proves to be a complete and hereditary cotorsion pair in $R$-Mod, where $\mathcal {GP}_n$ is the class of modules of Gorenstein projective dimension $\le n$. These cotorsion pairs induce two chains of hereditary Hovey triples \ $(\mathcal {PGF}_n, \ \mathcal P_n^\perp, \ \mathcal {PGF}^{\perp})$ and \ $(\mathcal {GP}_n, \ \mathcal P_n^\perp, \ \mathcal {GP}^{\perp})$, and the corresponding homotopy categories in the same chain are the same. It is observed that some complete cotorsion pairs in $R$-Mod can induce complete cotorsion pairs in some special extension closed subcategories of $R$-Mod. Then corresponding results in exact categories $\mathcal {PGF}_n$, \ $\mathcal {GP}_n$, \ $\mathcal {GF}_n$, \ $\mathcal {PGF}^{<\infty}$, \ $\mathcal {GP}^{<\infty}$ and $\mathcal {GF}^{<\infty}$, are also obtained. As a byproduct, $\mathcal{PGF} = \mathcal {GP}$ for a ring $R$ if and only if $\mathcal{PGF}^\perp\cap\mathcal{GP}_n=\mathcal P_n$ for some $n$.
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- 2024
3. Formation of flower-like Cu2O thin films induced by nitrate through electro-deposition for PEC water reduction
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Hao, Yuliang, Zuo, Xiaolei, Zhao, Weiyi, Wu, Jichuan, lin, Xiaoqiang, Wang, Hongyan, Wang, Zeshan, Hao, Chuanxiang, and Xue, Song
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- 2024
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4. Investigating the influence of long-axial versus short-axial field of view PET/CT on stage migration in lymphoma and non-small cell lung cancer.
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Alberts, Ian, Seibel, Sigrid, Xue, Song, Viscione, Marco, Mingels, Clemens, Sari, Hasan, Afshar-Oromieh, Ali, Limacher, Andreas, and Rominger, Axel
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OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a long-axial field-of-view (LAFOV) on stage migration using a large single-centre retrospective cohort in lymphoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: A retrospective study is performed for patients undergoing PET/computed tomography (CT) on either a short-axial field-of-view (SAFOV) or LAFOV PET/CT system for the staging of known or suspected NSCLC or for therapeutic response in lymphoma. The primary endpoint was the Deauville therapy response score for patients with lymphoma for the two systems. Secondary endpoints were the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage for NSCLC, the frequency of cN3 and cM1 findings, the probability for a positive nodal staging (cN1-3) for NSCLC and the diagnostic accuracy for nodal staging in NSCLC. RESULTS: One thousand two hundred eighteen records were screened and 597 patients were included for analysis ( N = 367 for lymphoma and N = 291 for NSCLC). For lymphoma, no significant differences were found in the proportion of patients with complete metabolic response versus non-complete metabolic response Deauville response scores ( P = 0.66). For NSCLC no significant differences were observed between the two scanners for the frequency of cN3 and cM1 findings, for positive nodal staging, neither the sensitivity nor the specificity. CONCLUSIONS: In this study use of a LAFOV system was neither associated with upstaging in lymphoma nor NSCLC compared to a digital SAFOV system. Diagnostic accuracy was comparable between the two systems in NSCLC despite shorter acquisition times for LAFOV.
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- 2023
5. Perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes in obese patients undergoing Da Vinci robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Chong-jian Wang, Jiao Qin, Yang Liu, Zhi Wen, Cai-xia Chen, Hong-yuan Li, Hao-tian Huang, Lin Yang, and Xue-song Yang
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Prostate cancer ,Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy ,Obese ,Outcomes ,Meta-analysis ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract Objective The influence of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in obese (OB) and non-obese (NOB) prostate cancer patients remains a topic of debate. The objective of this study was to juxtapose the perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes of RARP in OB and NOB cohorts. Materials and methods We systematically searched the databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library database to identify relevant studies published in English up to September 2023. Review Manager was used to compare various parameters. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023473136). Sixteen comparative trials were included for 8434 obese patients compared with 55,266 non-obese patients. Results The OB group had a longer operative time (WMD 17.8 min, 95% CI 9.7,25.8; p
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- 2024
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6. Parameter identifiability of a within-host SARS-CoV-2 epidemic model
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Junyuan Yang, Sijin Wu, Xuezhi Li, Xiaoyan Wang, Xue-Song Zhang, and Lu Hou
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Structural identifiability ,Practical identifiability ,Sensitivity analysis ,The basic reproduction number ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Parameter identification involves the estimation of undisclosed parameters within a system based on observed data and mathematical models. In this investigation, we employ DAISY to meticulously examine the structural identifiability of parameters of a within-host SARS-CoV-2 epidemic model, taking into account an array of observable datasets. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations are performed to offer a comprehensive practical analysis of model parameters. Lastly, sensitivity analysis is employed to ascertain that decreasing the replication rate of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and curbing the infectious period are the most efficacious measures in alleviating the dissemination of COVID-19 amongst hosts.
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- 2024
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7. From Triple- to Penta-Exposed Multiple Myeloma: A Real-World Study in a Medicare Population
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Thomas E. Delea, Qiufei Ma, Glenn S. Kroog, Wenzhen Ge, Aaron Moynahan, Natalia Sabater Anaya, Karen Rodriguez Lorenc, and Xue Song
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Healthcare costs ,Healthcare resource utilization ,Medicare ,Multiple myeloma ,Real-world evidence ,Relapsed or refractory ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction Treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has been transformed by novel therapies, including CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), and proteasome inhibitors (PIs), resulting in increasing numbers of patients who are triple-class exposed (TCE; exposed to ≥ 1 drug in each class). Many patients are penta-exposed (PE; ≥ 2 IMiDs, ≥ 2 PIs, and a CD38 mAb), some are triple-class refractory (TCR), and some are PE and TCR (PE-TCR). Data on real-world outcomes in elderly patients with MM across this spectrum of exposure are limited. Methods Data from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse Database from November 2006–December 2020 were used to examine cohorts of TCE, TCR, PE, and PE-TCR patients. Outcomes were assessed from the start of the index line of therapy (LOT), defined as the first LOT after becoming TCE or PE. Results A total of 2830 TCE, 1371 TCR, 1121 PE, and 774 PE-TCR patients were identified. Pomalidomide was the most frequently used medication for the index LOT in all cohorts (32.6% [PE-TCR] to 43.3% [TCR]). The most frequently used regimens for the index LOT were pomalidomide plus daratumumab for TCE (17.2%) and PE (7.0%), pomalidomide plus carfilzomib for TCR (10.3%), and pomalidomide plus elotuzumab for PE-TCR (7.4%). Median time to discontinuation (TTD) ranged from 4.2 (PE-TCR) to 6.9 (TCE) months, and overall survival (OS) ranged from 13.0 (TCR) to 15.9 (PE) months. Healthcare resource utilization (HRU) was lowest for TCE and highest for PE-TCR patients. Mean monthly healthcare costs (HCC) ranged from $23,091 (TCE) to $24,412 (PE-TCR). MM medications represented 66.2% (PE-TCR) to 72.8% (TCE) of costs. Conclusions In this study across a spectrum of Medicare TCE patients, there was heterogeneity in treatment regimens, suggesting no standard of care. TTD and OS were short, and HRU and HCC were high. These results underscore the potential for new therapies in this population.
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- 2024
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8. Prompt Tuning Inversion for Text-Driven Image Editing Using Diffusion Models
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Dong, Wenkai, Xue, Song, Duan, Xiaoyue, and Han, Shumin
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Recently large-scale language-image models (e.g., text-guided diffusion models) have considerably improved the image generation capabilities to generate photorealistic images in various domains. Based on this success, current image editing methods use texts to achieve intuitive and versatile modification of images. To edit a real image using diffusion models, one must first invert the image to a noisy latent from which an edited image is sampled with a target text prompt. However, most methods lack one of the following: user-friendliness (e.g., additional masks or precise descriptions of the input image are required), generalization to larger domains, or high fidelity to the input image. In this paper, we design an accurate and quick inversion technique, Prompt Tuning Inversion, for text-driven image editing. Specifically, our proposed editing method consists of a reconstruction stage and an editing stage. In the first stage, we encode the information of the input image into a learnable conditional embedding via Prompt Tuning Inversion. In the second stage, we apply classifier-free guidance to sample the edited image, where the conditional embedding is calculated by linearly interpolating between the target embedding and the optimized one obtained in the first stage. This technique ensures a superior trade-off between editability and high fidelity to the input image of our method. For example, we can change the color of a specific object while preserving its original shape and background under the guidance of only a target text prompt. Extensive experiments on ImageNet demonstrate the superior editing performance of our method compared to the state-of-the-art baselines.
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- 2023
9. Finite-time and fixed-time consensus control of multi-agent systems driven by parabolic partial differential equations
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Wang, Xu-hui, Li, Xue-song, and Huang, Nan-jing
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Mathematics - Optimization and Control - Abstract
This paper focuses on the study of the finite-time consensus (FTC) and fixed-time consensus (FXC) issues of multi-agent systems (MASs) driven by parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). Compared with the study in the existing literature, the topic of FTC and FXC control is first embodied in MASs driven by parabolic PDEs. Based on the Lyapunov theorems, the FTC and FXC controllers are devised to ensure that the MASs converge to a stable state with external disturbance. Furthermore, we simplify the controllers to guarantee the FTC and FXC of MASs without external disturbance. Finally, two illustrative examples are given to verify the feasibility of controllers.
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- 2023
10. Numerical Investigation of Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of an Ammonia/Hydrogen/n-Heptane Engine Under RCCI Operating Conditions
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Xu, Leilei and Bai, Xue-Song
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- 2024
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11. A multi-classifier system integrated by clinico-histology-genomic analysis for predicting recurrence of papillary renal cell carcinoma
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Kang-Bo Huang, Cheng-Peng Gui, Yun-Ze Xu, Xue-Song Li, Hong-Wei Zhao, Jia-Zheng Cao, Yu-Hang Chen, Yi-Hui Pan, Bing Liao, Yun Cao, Xin-Ke Zhang, Hui Han, Fang-Jian Zhou, Ran-Yi Liu, Wen-Fang Chen, Ze-Ying Jiang, Zi-Hao Feng, Fu-Neng Jiang, Yan-Fei Yu, Sheng-Wei Xiong, Guan-Peng Han, Qi Tang, Kui Ouyang, Gui-Mei Qu, Ji-Tao Wu, Ming Cao, Bai-Jun Dong, Yi-Ran Huang, Jin Zhang, Cai-Xia Li, Pei-Xing Li, Wei Chen, Wei-De Zhong, Jian-Ping Guo, Zhi-Ping Liu, Jer-Tsong Hsieh, Dan Xie, Mu-Yan Cai, Wei Xue, Jin-Huan Wei, and Jun-Hang Luo
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Integrating genomics and histology for cancer prognosis demonstrates promise. Here, we develop a multi-classifier system integrating a lncRNA-based classifier, a deep learning whole-slide-image-based classifier, and a clinicopathological classifier to accurately predict post-surgery localized (stage I–III) papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) recurrence. The multi-classifier system demonstrates significantly higher predictive accuracy for recurrence-free survival (RFS) compared to the three single classifiers alone in the training set and in both validation sets (C-index 0.831-0.858 vs. 0.642-0.777, p
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- 2024
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12. Association between vitamin B1 intake and hyperuricemia in adults
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Yi-Ming Li, Xiao-Hu Xu, Xiao-Fan Xu, Xia-Xia Yang, Yi-Long Dai, Dong-Xue Song, Cheng-Qiang Jin, and Yan-Xia Jia
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Hyperuricemia ,Vitamin B1 ,NHANES ,Prevalence ,Uric acid ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Studies investigating the relationship between dietary vitamin B1 intake and risk of Hyperuricemia (HU) are scarce, the present study aimed to examine the association of dietary vitamin B1 intake and HU among adults. This cross-sectional study included 5750 adults whose data derived from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from March 2017 to March 2020. The dietary intake of vitamin B1 was assessed using 24-h dietary recall interviews. The characteristics of study participants were grouped into five levels according to the levels of vitamin B1 quintile. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of HU, according to the vitamin B1 intake quintile for male and female separately. The dose–response relationship was determined by the restricted cubic spline (RCS). Smoothed curve fitting was used to assess serum uric acid concentration versus dietary vitamin B1 intake in the study population. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 18.90% (20.15% and 17.79% for males and females, respectively) in the United States from March 2017 to March 2020. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that in the male population, the HU ratio (OR) of vitamin B1 intake in Q2 to Q5 compared with the lowest quintile (Q1) was 0.75 (95% CI 0.52, 1.09), 0.70 (95% CI 0.48, 1.02), 0.66 (95% CI 0.44, 0.99) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.34, 0.90). The P for trend was 0.028. In women, the ORs for vitamin B1 intake Q2 to Q5 were 0.87 (95% CI 0.64, 1.19), 0.97 (0.68–1.38), 1.05 (0.69–1.60) and 0.75 (0.42–1.34), respectively. The P for trend was 0.876. The RCS curve revealed a linear relationship between vitamin B1 intake and the risk of hyperuricemia in men (P nonlinear = 0.401). Smoothed curve fitting demonstrated a negative association between vitamin B1 intake and serum uric acid concentration in men, whereas there was no significant association between dietary vitamin B1 intake and the risk of hyperuricemia in women. In the US adult population, dietary vitamin B1 intake was negatively associated with hyperuricemia in males.
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- 2024
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13. Whole-exome sequencing of individuals from an isolated population under extreme conditions implicates rare risk variants of schizophrenia
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Lei Chen, Yang Du, Yang Hu, Xue-Song Li, Yuewen Chen, and Yong Cheng
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Abstract Schizophrenia (SCZ), which affects approximately 1% of the world’s population, is a global public health concern. It is generally considered that the interplay between genes and the environment is important in the onset and/or development of SCZ. Although several whole-exome sequencing studies have revealed rare risk variants of SCZ, no rare coding variants have been strongly replicated. Assessing isolated populations under extreme conditions might lead to the discovery of variants with a recent origin, which are more likely to have a higher frequency than chance to reflect gene-environment interactions. Following this approach, we examined a unique cohort of Tibetans living at an average altitude above 4500 meters. Whole-exome sequencing of 47 SCZ cases and 53 controls revealed 275 potential novel risk variants and two known variants (12:46244485: A/G and 22:18905934: A/G) associated with SCZ that were found in existing databases. Only one gene (C5orf42) in the gene-based statistics surpassed the exome-wide significance in the cohort. Metascape enrichment analysis suggested that novel risk genes were strongly enriched in pathways relevant to hypoxia, neurodevelopment, and neurotransmission. Additionally, 47 new risk genes were followed up in Han sample of 279 patients with SCZ and 95 controls, only BAI2 variant appearing in one case. Our findings suggest that SCZ patients living at high altitudes may have a unique risk gene signature, which may provide additional information on the underlying biology of SCZ, which can be exploited to identify individuals at greater risk of exposure to hypoxia.
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- 2024
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14. Locally advanced breast cancer patients should be cautious about the immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy: a pooling analysis of safety and efficacy
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Cheng-Yu Zeng, Yan-Yu Qiu, Jia-Yi Li, Jian-Hao Huang, Xue-Song Bai, Xian-Lin Han, and Xiao-Dong He
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Locally advanced breast cancer ,Immediate breast reconstruction ,Overall survival ,Surgical complication ,Meta-analysis ,Surgery ,RD1-811 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to compare safety and efficacy outcomes between immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) and mastectomy alone in locally advanced breast cancer patients. Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature search of PUBMED, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. The primary outcomes evaluated were overall survival, disease-free survival, and local recurrence. The secondary outcome was the incidence of surgical complications. All data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. Results Sixteen studies, involving 15,364 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled data demonstrated that patients underwent IBR were more likely to experience surgical complications than those underwent mastectomy alone (HR: 3.96, 95%CI [1.07,14.67], p = 0.04). No significant difference was found in overall survival (HR: 0.94, 95%CI [0.73,1.20], p = 0.62), disease-free survival (HR: 1.03, 95%CI [0.83,1.27], p = 0.81), or breast cancer specific survival (HR: 0.93, 95%CI [0.71,1.21], p = 0.57) between IBR group and Non-IBR group. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that IBR after mastectomy does not affect the overall survival and disease-free survival of locally advanced breast cancer patients. However, IBR brings with it a nonnegligible higher risk of complications and needs to be fully evaluated and carefully decided.
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- 2024
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15. A survey of breastfeeding among women with previous surgery for benign breast disease: a descriptive exploratory study
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Siying Mao, Jiafa He, Lezhen Huang, Yang Sun, Yan Dai, Qianqian Guo, Chang Qiu, Xue Song, Xiaojie Lin, Shengying Chen, Lingling Ye, and Rui Xu
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Benign breast disease ,Mammary lumpectomy ,Breast surgery ,Breastfeeding ,Lactation function ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Surgery is the primary treatment for benign breast disease and causes some disruption to the normal physiology of the breast, even when this disruption is localised, it remains unclear whether it affects women’s ability to breastfeed. There are only a few studies describing the experience of breastfeeding in women who have undergone benign breast disease (BBD) surgery. Methods We retrospectively analysed data from patients aged 20–40 years in Guangdong, China, who underwent breast lumpectomy for BBD in our department between 01 January 2013 and 30 June 2019, with a follow-up date of 01 February 2022. Patients were included who had a history of childbirth between the time of surgery and the follow-up date. By collecting general information about this group of patients and information about breastfeeding after surgery, we described the breastfeeding outcomes of women of a fertile age who had previously undergone surgery for benign breast disease. Results With a median follow-up of 5.9 years, a total of 333 patients met the inclusion criteria. From the breastfeeding data of the first child born postoperatively, the mean duration of ‘exclusive breastfeeding’ was 5.1 months, and the mean duration of ‘any breastfeeding’ was 8.8 months. The rate of ‘ever breastfeeding’ is 91.0%, which is lower than the national average of 93.7%, while the exclusive breastfeeding rate at six months was 40.8%, was higher than the 29.2% national average. The any breastfeeding rate at 12 months was 30.0%, which was well below the 66.5% national average. The common reason for early breastfeeding cessation was insufficient breast milk. A total of 29.0% of patients who had ever breastfed after surgery voluntarily reduced the frequency and duration of breastfeeding on the operated breast because of the surgery. Conclusions There are some impacts of BBD surgery on breastfeeding and some may be psychological. Institutions should provide more facilities for mothers who have undergone breast surgery to help them breastfeed, such as conducting community education on breastfeeding after breast surgery, training professional postoperative lactation consultants in hospitals, and extending maternity leave. Families should encourage mothers to breastfeed with both breasts instead of only the non-operated breast.
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- 2024
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16. A multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform for image-guideded photothermal-ferroptotic synergistic osteosarcoma therapy
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Yu-jie Liu, Su-he Dong, Wen-hao Hu, Qiao-ling Chen, Shao-fu Zhang, Kai Song, Zhen-chuan Han, Meng-meng Li, Zhi-tao Han, Wei-bo Liu, and Xue-song Zhang
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Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Much effort has been devoted to improving treatment efficiency for osteosarcoma (OS). However, most current approaches result in poor therapeutic responses, thus indicating the need for the development of other therapeutic options. This study developed a multifunctional nanoparticle, PDA-MOF-E-M, an aggregation of OS targeting, programmed death targeting, and near-infrared (NIR)-aided targeting. At the same time, a multifunctional nanoparticle that utilises Fe-MOFs to create a cellular iron-rich environment and erastin as a ferroptosis inducer while ensuring targeted delivery to OS cells through cell membrane encapsulation is presented. The combination of PDA-MOF-E-M and PTT increased intracellular ROS and LPO levels and induced ferroptosis-related protein expression. A PDA-based PTT combined with erastin showed significant synergistic therapeutic improvement in the anti-tumour efficiency of the nanoparticle in vitro and vivo. The multifunctional nanoparticle efficiently prevents the osteoclasia progression of OS xenograft bone tumors in vivo. Finally, this study provides guidance and a point of reference for clinical approaches to treating OS.
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- 2024
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17. Comparing the Effects of Modelling and Analogy on High School Students' Content Understanding and Transferability: The Case of Atomic Structure
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Xue, Song, Sun, Daner, Zhu, Liying, Huang, Hui-Wen, and Topping, Keith
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Analogies and modelling have been developed and applied in learning and teaching science to facilitate students' understanding of abstract concepts, such as atomic structure. Considering few studies focus on comparing the effects of two teaching strategies--analogy-based teaching (ABT) and modelling-based teaching (MBT)--this study aims to compare the effects of ABT and MBT on high school students' content understanding and transferability of atomic concepts in science. Implementing a quasi-experimental design with pre-post-delayed tests, the study compared learning outcomes achieved by the MBT group (N = 68) and the ABT group (N = 69). The results showed both MBT and ABT could improve students' content understanding and promote transferability. However, the MBT group significantly outperformed the ABT group in terms of generating initial models and overall transferability. Although there was no difference in content understanding, or near or far transferability, at post-test between the two groups, the MBT group maintained more extended memory of atomic structure on the delayed post-test. Moreover, qualitative analysis of students' drawings of atomic models revealed that both groups were able to develop and transfer their models, but inadequate scientific knowledge affected the quality of the transfer product. These findings have implications for designing and implementing instructional approaches that leverage analogy and modelling in the science class.
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- 2022
18. Stochastic differential variational inequalities with applications
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Zhang, Yao-Jia, Chen, Tao, Huang, Nan-jing, and Li, Xue-song
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Mathematics - Optimization and Control ,Mathematics - Probability - Abstract
In this paper, we introduce and study a stochastic differential variational inequality (SDVI) which consists of a stochastic differential equation and a stochastic variational inequality. We obtain the existence and uniqueness of the solutions for SDVI by using the iteration method and Gronwall's inequality. Moreover, we show the convergence of Euler scheme for solving SDVI under some mild conditions. Finally, we apply the obtained results to solve the electrical circuits with diodes and the collapse of the bridge problems in stochastic environment.
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- 2022
19. Rethinking the Number of Shots in Robust Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning
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Duan, Xiaoyue, Kang, Guoliang, Wang, Runqi, Han, Shumin, Xue, Song, Wang, Tian, and Zhang, Baochang
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Robust Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) is usually adopted to train a meta-model which may fast adapt to novel classes with only a few exemplars and meanwhile remain robust to adversarial attacks. The conventional solution for robust MAML is to introduce robustness-promoting regularization during meta-training stage. With such a regularization, previous robust MAML methods simply follow the typical MAML practice that the number of training shots should match with the number of test shots to achieve an optimal adaptation performance. However, although the robustness can be largely improved, previous methods sacrifice clean accuracy a lot. In this paper, we observe that introducing robustness-promoting regularization into MAML reduces the intrinsic dimension of clean sample features, which results in a lower capacity of clean representations. This may explain why the clean accuracy of previous robust MAML methods drops severely. Based on this observation, we propose a simple strategy, i.e., increasing the number of training shots, to mitigate the loss of intrinsic dimension caused by robustness-promoting regularization. Though simple, our method remarkably improves the clean accuracy of MAML without much loss of robustness, producing a robust yet accurate model. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms prior arts in achieving a better trade-off between accuracy and robustness. Besides, we observe that our method is less sensitive to the number of fine-tuning steps during meta-training, which allows for a reduced number of fine-tuning steps to improve training efficiency.
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- 2022
20. Marine toxins in environment: Recent updates on depuration techniques
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Yu Bian, Xue-song Feng, Yuan Zhang, Cheng Du, and Yan-qing Wen
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Marine toxins ,Depuration ,Adsorption ,Advanced oxidation processes ,Seafood ,Environmental pollution ,TD172-193.5 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Marine toxins pose a significant safety risk, leading to human intoxications and causing substantial economic losses in seafood-producing regions. The development of rapid, cost-effective, efficient, and reliable approaches for the containment of these substances is therefore crucial in order to mitigate the adverse impact of marine toxins. This research conducted a comprehensive review on the toxicity and influencing factors of marine toxins production. Additionally, depuration technologies, including adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, biodegradation, heating treatment, temporary maintenance and purification, and drug inhibition, were systematically summarized. The study also provided a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various depuration technologies and proposed strategies for future development.
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- 2024
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21. BSA-stabilized selenium nanoparticles ameliorate intracerebral hemorrhage's-like pathology by inhibiting ferroptosis-mediated neurotoxicology via Nrf2/GPX4 axis activation
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Xiao-Na Li, Li Lin, Xiao-Wei Li, Qian Zhu, Zhen-Yan Xie, Yong-Zhen Hu, Qing-Shan Long, Xiao-Bing Wei, Yi-Qi Wen, Li-Yang Zhang, Qi-Keng Zhang, Ying-Chao Jing, Xin-Hua Wei, and Xue-Song Li
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BSA-selenium nanoparticles ,Intracerebral hemorrhage ,Ferroptosis ,Cognitive function ,Nrf2-GPX4 axis ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a prevalent hemorrhagic cerebrovascular emergency. Alleviating neurological damage in the early stages of ICH is critical for enhancing patient prognosis and survival rate. A novel form of cell death called ferroptosis is intimately linked to hemorrhage-induced brain tissue injury. Although studies have demonstrated the significant preventive impact of bovine serum albumin-stabilized selenium nanoparticles (BSA-SeNPs) against disorders connected to the neurological system, the neuroprotective effect on the hemorrhage stroke and the mechanism remain unknown. Therefore, based on the favorable biocompatibility of BSA-SeNPs, h-ICH (hippocampus-intracerebral hemorrhage) model was constructed to perform BSA-SeNPs therapy. As expected, these BSA-SeNPs could effectively improve the cognitive deficits and ameliorate the damage of hippocampal neuron. Furthermore, BSA-SeNPs reverse the morphology of mitochondria and enhanced the mitochondrial function, evidenced by mitochondrial respiration function (OCR) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Mechanistically, BSA-SeNPs could efficiently activate the Nrf2 to enhance the expression of antioxidant GPX4 at mRNA and protein levels, and further inhibit lipid peroxidation production in erastin-induced ferroptotic damages. Taken together, this study not only sheds light on the clinical application of BSA-SeNPs, but also provides its newly theoretical support for the strategy of the intervention and treatment of neurological impairment following ICH.
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- 2024
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22. Flame stabilization and pollutant emissions of turbulent ammonia and blended ammonia flames: A review of the recent experimental and numerical advances
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Mahmoud M.A. Ahmed, Leilei Xu, Xue-Song Bai, Zubayr O. Hassan, Marwan Abdullah, Jaeheon Sim, Emre Cenker, W.L. Roberts, and A.M. Elbaz
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Ammonia ,Gas turbine combustor ,Flame stabilization ,NOx emissions ,Swirl burners ,Single-stage burners ,Fuel ,TP315-360 - Abstract
Compared to traditional hydrocarbon fuels, ammonia presents significant challenges as a fuel, including high ignition energy, low reactivity, slow flame propagation, and high NOx emissions, which hinder its use as a renewable fuel. Blending ammonia with fossil fuels like natural gas improves its combustion reactivity and helps mitigate CO2 emissions. However, there is still much to understand about the complex dynamics of ammonia and its blends with hydrocarbons. Key areas such as reaction kinetics mechanisms, ignition properties, flame propagation behaviors, and methods for controlling combustion performance under various conditions require further elucidation. This paper reviews recent advancements in experiments and numerical simulations aimed at developing stable, and low-emission combustors for ammonia-fired power generation. Recent burner and flame configurations, including non-swirling jets, single-stage swirl burners, two-stage burners, and newly developed double-swirl burners are analyzed for their flame stability and pollutant emission potential when firing ammonia and ammonia blends. Chemical kinetic modeling of ammonia and its blends plays a crucial role in understanding combustion behavior and pollutant emissions, particularly for NOx. However, there are challenges in predicting NOx emissions accurately, with significant disparities among different models. High-fidelity numerical simulations using detailed and skeletal mechanisms, direct numerical simulation, and large eddy simulation, have helped uncover crucial operational conditions affecting combustion and pollutant emissions, such as combustor pressure, air dilution, wall cooling, fuel/air mixing, and fuel blending. Nonetheless, the accuracy of chemical kinetic models and their integration into turbulent flow simulations remain critical limitations for numerical simulations of ammonia combustion.
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- 2024
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23. Resveratrol ameliorates pathological fibrosis of the myodural bridge by regulating the SIRT3/TGF-β1/Smad pathway
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Tao Qin, Xue Song, Qing Shao, Jianfei Zhang, and Hongjin Sui
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Myodural bridge ,Fibrosis ,Resveratrol ,SIRT3 ,TGF-β1 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Purpose: Pathological fibrosis of the myodural bridge (MDB) affects cerebrospinal fluid circulation. However, no optimal drug treatments are available. We aimed to explore the antifibrotic effect of resveratrol on bleomycin-induced pathological fibrosis of the MDB and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Genes common to the potential targets of resveratrol were determined using network pharmacology, genes related to muscle and tendon fibrosis were acquired from the GeneCards database, and genes related to MDB development were determined using Venny. These genes were considered potential resveratrol treatment targets in bleomycin-induced pathological fibrosis of the MDB and were annotated using bioinformatics methods. We validated the intersected genes using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and performed molecular docking analysis to calculate the binding activity between the target gene and resveratrol. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining were used to detect the morphological changes in bleomycin-induced fibrosis of the MDB following resveratrol treatment. We used qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of the sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)/transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad pathway and the profibrotic markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Collagen Ⅰ. Results: Through network pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses, we identified four core intersected genes, and SIRT3 expression was validated using qRT-PCR. Molecular docking analysis revealed that resveratrol had good binding affinity for SIRT3. Resveratrol ameliorated morphological abnormalities in bleomycin-induced pathological fibrosis of the MDB by inhibiting fibroblast activation and excessive collagen fiber deposition. Resveratrol exerted its antifibrotic effect by regulating the SIRT3/TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Conclusion: Resveratrol has an antifibrotic effect in bleomycin-induced pathological fibrosis of the MDB in vivo and may be considered a novel therapeutic strategy.
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- 2024
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24. Nitrophenols in the environment: An update on pretreatment and analysis techniques since 2017
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Min Qian, Yuan Zhang, Yu Bian, Xue-song Feng, and Zhong-bo Zhang
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Nitrophenols ,Pretreatment ,Analytical methods ,Environment ,Environmental pollution ,TD172-193.5 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Nitrophenols, a versatile intermediate, have been widely used in leather, medicine, chemical synthesis, and other fields. Because these components are widely applied, they can enter the environment through various routes, leading to many hazards and toxicities. There has been a recent surge in the development of simple, rapid, environmentally friendly, and effective techniques for determining these environmental pollutants. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research progress on the pretreatment and analysis methods of nitrophenols since 2017, with a focus on environmental samples. Pretreatment methods include liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, dispersive extraction, and microextraction methods. Analysis methods mainly include liquid chromatography-based methods, gas chromatography-based methods, supercritical fluid chromatography. In addition, this review also discusses and compares the advantages/disadvantages and development prospects of different pretreatment and analysis methods to provide a reference for further research.
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- 2024
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25. Developing modelling competence of pre-service science teachers : meta-modelling knowledge, modelling practice, and modelling product
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Xue, Song, Topping, Keith, and Lakin, Elizabeth
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Model and modelling ,Science education ,Teacher education ,Mixed methods - Abstract
There has been increased attention recently on model and modelling within the global science education field. Research has begun to skew towards a competence-based perspective of models and modelling, as teachers are experiencing challenges and do not have the required competence in modelling from either theoretical or empirical perspectives. This study aimed to use a theoretical framework to design teaching interventions which assessed the modelling competence of pre-service science teachers. The study focused on modelling competence in three components: meta-modelling knowledge, modelling practices, and modelling products. An intervention design was used over a period of seven weeks in the teaching sessions of 38 pre-service science teachers (PST, intervention group) within a science teacher education programme in an opportunistically selected university in China. This was compared to 38 in-service teachers (IST) who received no intervention (comparison group). The performance of both sets of teachers during pre, post, and follow-up tests used a Likert scale questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, a Black Box modelling task, PSTs' reflective journals, lesson plans, and classroom observations in reflective field notes. Multiple data were triangulated by mix methods. In quantitative analysis, both descriptive and statistical analysis with parametric and non-parametric analysis were applied. A qualitative content analysis approach was used to analysis qualitative data. Results showed the ISTs outperformed the PSTs in meta-modelling knowledge prior to the teaching intervention, and that they had an almost equal level in modelling practices and products. However, PSTs showed a greater and statistically significant improvement in the three components of modelling competence after receiving the intervention. Additional high-level practices and products were found in the PST group, but not in the IST group. Typically, both groups' modelling patterns (experimental modelling and expressive modelling) could not be easily changed by teaching interventions. In addition, practices and products were positively related, but no relationships were found between meta-modelling knowledge and the other two. Some teaching activities had a positive effect, while some elements presented a challenge in the development of modelling competence. The study proposed a theoretical framework of modelling competence with three components. The positive effectiveness of the teaching interventions was confirmed. This study has implications for both policy and practice, for teacher pre-service education as well as for the professional development of in-service teachers. More research is needed into the assessment of process-oriented modelling practices, and the investigation of the development of modelling patterns related to different science teachers' practices in different modelling-based contexts.
- Published
- 2023
26. The gut metabolite indole-3-propionic acid activates ERK1 to restore social function and hippocampal inhibitory synaptic transmission in a 16p11.2 microdeletion mouse model
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Jian Jiang, Dilong Wang, Youheng Jiang, Xiuyan Yang, Runfeng Sun, Jinlong Chang, Wenhui Zhu, Peijia Yao, Kun Song, Shuwen Chang, Hong Wang, Lei Zhou, Xue-Song Zhang, Huiliang Li, and Ningning Li
- Subjects
Autism ,Social deficits ,Gut microbiota metabolite ,Indole-3-propionic acid ,Mapk3 ,GABA ,Microbial ecology ,QR100-130 - Abstract
Abstract Background Microdeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2 $${}^{+/-}$$ + / - ) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. However its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear, and effective treatments for 16p11.2 $${}^{+/-}$$ + / - syndrome are lacking. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and its metabolites are inextricably linked to host behavior through the gut-brain axis and are therefore implicated in ASD development. Despite this, the functional roles of microbial metabolites in the context of 16p11.2 $${}^{+/-}$$ + / - are yet to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut microbiota metabolite, in addressing behavioral and neural deficits associated with 16p11.2 $${}^{+/-}$$ + / - , as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Mice with the 16p11.2 $${}^{+/-}$$ + / - showed dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and a significant decrease in IPA levels in feces and blood circulation. Further, these mice exhibited significant social and cognitive memory impairments, along with hyperactivation of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons and reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission in this region. However, oral administration of IPA effectively mitigated the histological and electrophysiological alterations, thereby ameliorating the social and cognitive deficits of the mice. Remarkably, IPA treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation level of ERK1, a protein encoded by the Mapk3 gene in the 16p11.2 region, without affecting the transcription and translation of the Mapk3 gene. Conclusions Our study reveals that 16p11.2 $${}^{+/-}$$ + / - leads to a decline in gut metabolite IPA levels; however, IPA supplementation notably reverses the behavioral and neural phenotypes of 16p11.2 $${}^{+/-}$$ + / - mice. These findings provide new insights into the critical role of gut microbial metabolites in ASD pathogenesis and present a promising treatment strategy for social and cognitive memory deficit disorders, such as 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome. Video Abstract
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- 2024
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27. Evidence for chronic headaches induced by pathological changes of myodural bridge complex
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Xue Song, Sheng-Bo Yu, Xiao-Ying Yuan, M. Adeel Alam Shah, Chan Li, Yan-Yan Chi, Nan Zheng, and Hong-Jin Sui
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Myodural bridge ,Myodural bridge complex ,Chronic headache ,Referred pain ,Bleomycin ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Clinical studies have shown that there may be a certain relationship between pathological changes of the myodural bridge complex (MDBC) and chronic headaches of unknown cause. But there is still a lack of experimental evidence to explain the possible mechanism. This study aims to further confirm this relationship between MDBC and chronic headaches and explore its potential occurrence mechanism in rats. Bleomycin (BLM) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected into the myodural bridge fibers of rats to establish the hyperplastic model of MDBC. After 4 weeks, the occurrence of headaches in rats was evaluated through behavioral scores. The immunohistochemistry staining method was applied to observe the expression levels of headache-related neurotransmitters in the brain. Masson trichrome staining results showed that the number of collagen fibers of MDBC was increased in the BLM group compared to those of the other two groups. It revealed hyperplastic changes of MDBC. The behavioral scores of the BLM group were significantly higher than those of the PBS group and the blank control group. Meanwhile, expression levels of CGRP and 5-HT in the headache-related nuclei of the brain were increased in the BLM group. The current study further confirms the view that there is a relationship between pathological changes of MDBC and chronic headaches of unknown cause. This study may provide anatomical and physiological explanations for the pathogenesis of some chronic headaches of unknown cause.
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- 2024
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28. Quantitative evaluation of a deep learning-based framework to generate whole-body attenuation maps using LSO background radiation in long axial FOV PET scanners.
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Sari, Hasan, Teimoorisichani, Mohammadreza, Mingels, Clemens, Alberts, Ian, Panin, Vladimir, Bharkhada, Deepak, Xue, Song, Prenosil, George, Shi, Kuangyu, Conti, Maurizio, and Rominger, Axel
- Subjects
Attenuation correction ,CT-less PET ,Deep learning ,LAFOV PET ,Simultaneous reconstruction ,Humans ,Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ,Deep Learning ,Radiopharmaceuticals ,Image Processing ,Computer-Assisted ,Background Radiation ,Lutetium ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,Water ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Abstract
PURPOSE: Attenuation correction is a critically important step in data correction in positron emission tomography (PET) image formation. The current standard method involves conversion of Hounsfield units from a computed tomography (CT) image to construct attenuation maps (µ-maps) at 511 keV. In this work, the increased sensitivity of long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET scanners was exploited to develop and evaluate a deep learning (DL) and joint reconstruction-based method to generate µ-maps utilizing background radiation from lutetium-based (LSO) scintillators. METHODS: Data from 18 subjects were used to train convolutional neural networks to enhance initial µ-maps generated using joint activity and attenuation reconstruction algorithm (MLACF) with transmission data from LSO background radiation acquired before and after the administration of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) (µ-mapMLACF-PRE and µ-mapMLACF-POST respectively). The deep learning-enhanced µ-maps (µ-mapDL-MLACF-PRE and µ-mapDL-MLACF-POST) were compared against MLACF-derived and CT-based maps (µ-mapCT). The performance of the method was also evaluated by assessing PET images reconstructed using each µ-map and computing volume-of-interest based standard uptake value measurements and percentage relative mean error (rME) and relative mean absolute error (rMAE) relative to CT-based method. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed in rME values for µ-mapDL-MLACF-PRE and µ-mapDL-MLACF-POST both in fat-based and water-based soft tissue as well as bones, suggesting that presence of the radiopharmaceutical activity in the body had negligible effects on the resulting µ-maps. The rMAE values µ-mapDL-MLACF-POST were reduced by a factor of 3.3 in average compared to the rMAE of µ-mapMLACF-POST. Similarly, the average rMAE values of PET images reconstructed using µ-mapDL-MLACF-POST (PETDL-MLACF-POST) were 2.6 times smaller than the average rMAE values of PET images reconstructed using µ-mapMLACF-POST. The mean absolute errors in SUV values of PETDL-MLACF-POST compared to PETCT were less than 5% in healthy organs, less than 7% in brain grey matter and 4.3% for all tumours combined. CONCLUSION: We describe a deep learning-based method to accurately generate µ-maps from PET emission data and LSO background radiation, enabling CT-free attenuation and scatter correction in LAFOV PET scanners.
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- 2022
29. Tumor suppressor KEAP1 promotes HSPA9 degradation, controlling mitochondrial biogenesis in breast cancer
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Bing Han, Fang Zhen, Yue Sun, Bin Sun, Hong-Yi Wang, Wei Liu, Jian Huang, Xiao Liang, Ya-Ru Wang, Xue-Song Chen, Shui-Jie Li, and Jing Hu
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CP: Cancer ,CP: Cell biology ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Summary: The oxidative-stress-related protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) is a substrate articulator of E3 ubiquitin ligase, which plays an important role in the ubiquitination modification of proteins. However, the function of KEAP1 in breast cancer and its impact on the survival of patients with breast cancer remain unclear. Our study demonstrates that KEAP1, a positive prognostic factor, plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle transition in breast cancer. We investigate the underlying mechanism using human tumor tissues, high-throughput detection technology, and a mouse xenograft tumor model. KEAP1 serves as a key regulator of cellular metabolism, the reprogramming of which is one of the hallmarks of tumorigenesis. KEAP1 has a significant effect on mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation by regulating HSPA9 ubiquitination and degradation. These results suggest that KEAP1 could serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in the treatment of breast cancer.
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- 2024
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30. Using domain knowledge for robust and generalizable deep learning-based CT-free PET attenuation and scatter correction.
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Guo, Rui, Xue, Song, Hu, Jiaxi, Sari, Hasan, Zeimpekis, Konstantinos, Prenosil, George, Wang, Yue, Zhang, Yu, Viscione, Marco, Sznitman, Raphael, Rominger, Axel, Li, Biao, Shi, Kuangyu, and Mingels, Clemens
- Subjects
Deep Learning ,Image Processing ,Computer-Assisted ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ,Positron-Emission Tomography - Abstract
Despite the potential of deep learning (DL)-based methods in substituting CT-based PET attenuation and scatter correction for CT-free PET imaging, a critical bottleneck is their limited capability in handling large heterogeneity of tracers and scanners of PET imaging. This study employs a simple way to integrate domain knowledge in DL for CT-free PET imaging. In contrast to conventional direct DL methods, we simplify the complex problem by a domain decomposition so that the learning of anatomy-dependent attenuation correction can be achieved robustly in a low-frequency domain while the original anatomy-independent high-frequency texture can be preserved during the processing. Even with the training from one tracer on one scanner, the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed approach are confirmed in tests of various external imaging tracers on different scanners. The robust, generalizable, and transparent DL development may enhance the potential of clinical translation.
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- 2022
31. Conjugated acid-base pairs in Keggin-type polyoxometalate-based metal-organic frameworks enhance proton conduction
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Wang, Ning-Hao, Zhang, Bao-Yue, Wu, Xue-Song, Wang, Jia-Wei, Han, Xing-Qi, Sun, Jing, Wang, Xin-Long, and Su, Zhong-Min
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- 2024
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32. Comparative analysis of bioaerosol emissions: Seasonal dynamics and exposure risks in hospital vs. municipal wastewater treatment systems
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Wang, Yanjie, Liu, Yang, Xue, Song, Chai, Fengguang, Zhang, Song, Yang, Kai, Liu, Yifan, Li, Jinlong, and Yu, Fangfang
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- 2024
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33. Identification of chronic non-atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia stages in the Correa's cascade through machine learning analyses of SERS spectral signature of non-invasively-collected human gastric fluid samples
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Si, Yu-Ting, Xiong, Xue-Song, Wang, Jin-Ting, Yuan, Quan, Li, Yu-Ting, Tang, Jia-Wei, Li, Yong-Nian, Zhang, Xin-Yu, Li, Zheng-Kang, Lai, Jin-Xin, Umar, Zeeshan, Yang, Wei-Xuan, Li, Fen, Wang, Liang, and Gu, Bing
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- 2024
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34. Marine toxins in environment: Recent updates on depuration techniques
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Bian, Yu, Feng, Xue-song, Zhang, Yuan, Du, Cheng, and Wen, Yan-qing
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- 2024
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35. Boosting interfacial contact for the NiOx-based inverted perovskite solar cells via D-A type semiconductor
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Wang, Ting, Wang, Zhe, Ma, Zhaolong, Kang, Jiali, Wang, Zhihui, Zong, Xueping, and Xue, Song
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- 2024
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36. BSA-stabilized selenium nanoparticles ameliorate intracerebral hemorrhage's-like pathology by inhibiting ferroptosis-mediated neurotoxicology via Nrf2/GPX4 axis activation
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Li, Xiao-Na, Lin, Li, Li, Xiao-Wei, Zhu, Qian, Xie, Zhen-Yan, Hu, Yong-Zhen, Long, Qing-Shan, Wei, Xiao-Bing, Wen, Yi-Qi, Zhang, Li-Yang, Zhang, Qi-Keng, Jing, Ying-Chao, Wei, Xin-Hua, and Li, Xue-Song
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- 2024
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37. Flame stabilization and pollutant emissions of turbulent ammonia and blended ammonia flames: A review of the recent experimental and numerical advances
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Ahmed, Mahmoud M.A., Xu, Leilei, Bai, Xue-Song, Hassan, Zubayr O., Abdullah, Marwan, Sim, Jaeheon, Cenker, Emre, Roberts, W.L., and Elbaz, A.M.
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- 2024
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38. Parameter identifiability of a within-host SARS-CoV-2 epidemic model
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Yang, Junyuan, Wu, Sijin, Li, Xuezhi, Wang, Xiaoyan, Zhang, Xue-Song, and Hou, Lu
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- 2024
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39. Nitrophenols in the environment: An update on pretreatment and analysis techniques since 2017
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Qian, Min, Zhang, Yuan, Bian, Yu, Feng, Xue-song, and Zhang, Zhong-bo
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- 2024
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40. Associative Adversarial Learning Based on Selective Attack
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Wang, Runqi, Duan, Xiaoyue, Zhang, Baochang, Xue, Song, Zhu, Wentao, Doermann, David, and Guo, Guodong
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
A human's attention can intuitively adapt to corrupted areas of an image by recalling a similar uncorrupted image they have previously seen. This observation motivates us to improve the attention of adversarial images by considering their clean counterparts. To accomplish this, we introduce Associative Adversarial Learning (AAL) into adversarial learning to guide a selective attack. We formulate the intrinsic relationship between attention and attack (perturbation) as a coupling optimization problem to improve their interaction. This leads to an attention backtracking algorithm that can effectively enhance the attention's adversarial robustness. Our method is generic and can be used to address a variety of tasks by simply choosing different kernels for the associative attention that select other regions for a specific attack. Experimental results show that the selective attack improves the model's performance. We show that our method improves the recognition accuracy of adversarial training on ImageNet by 8.32% compared with the baseline. It also increases object detection mAP on PascalVOC by 2.02% and recognition accuracy of few-shot learning on miniImageNet by 1.63%.
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- 2021
41. Targeted Delivery of STING Agonist via Albumin Nanoreactor Boosts Immunotherapeutic Efficacy against Aggressive Cancers
- Author
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Zhijun Miao, Xue Song, Anan Xu, Chang Yao, Peng Li, Yanan Li, Tao Yang, and Gang Shen
- Subjects
human serum albumin ,targeted delivery ,STING agonist ,immunotherapy ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Background: Activating the cytosolic innate immune sensor, the cGAS-STING pathway, holds great promise for enhancing antitumor immunity, particularly in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the clinical application of STING agonists is often hindered by poor tumor accumulation, limited cellular uptake, and rapid clearance. To address these challenges, we developed a human serum albumin (HSA)-based nanoreactor system for the efficient delivery of the STING agonist SR-717, aiming to improve its antitumor efficacy. Methods: Using a biomineralization technique, we encapsulated SR-717 within HSA nanocages to form SH-NPs. These nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size, stability, and cellular uptake, and their ability to activate the STING pathway was assessed in both in vitro and in vivo models, including freshly isolated human renal tumor tissues. In vivo antitumor efficacy was evaluated in a murine renal tumor model, and immune responses were measured. Results: SH-NPs exhibited enhanced stability, efficient cellular uptake, and superior tumor accumulation compared to free SR-717. They robustly activated the STING pathway, as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3, along with elevated IFN-β production. Additionally, SH-NPs reshaped the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, promoting T-cell-mediated immunity and improving the therapeutic efficacy of checkpoint blockade in murine models. The validation in human renal tumor tissues further highlighted their potential for clinical translation. Importantly, SH-NPs were well tolerated with minimal systemic toxicity. Conclusions: This study underscores the potential of HSA-based nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of STING agonists, effectively enhancing antitumor immunity and improving cancer immunotherapy outcomes. SH-NPs offer a promising solution to the limitations of current STING agonists in clinical settings.
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- 2024
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42. Performance of a Methanol-Fueled Direct-Injection Compression-Ignition Heavy-Duty Engine under Low-Temperature Combustion Conditions
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Mark Treacy, Leilei Xu, Hesameddin Fatehi, Ossi Kaario, and Xue-Song Bai
- Subjects
low-temperature combustion ,internal combustion engines ,HCCI ,PPC ,methanol ,NOx emission ,Technology - Abstract
Low-temperature combustion (LTC) concepts, such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and partially premixed combustion (PPC), aim to reduce in-cylinder temperatures in internal combustion engines, thereby lowering emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot. These LTC concepts are particularly attractive for decarbonizing conventional diesel engines using renewable fuels such as methanol. This paper uses numerical simulations and a finite-rate chemistry model to investigate the combustion and emission processes in LTC engines operating with pure methanol. The aim is to gain a deeper understanding of the physical and chemical processes in the engine and to identify optimal engine operation in terms of efficiency and emissions. The simulations replicated the experimentally observed trends for CO, unburned hydrocarbons (UHCs), and NOx emissions, the required intake temperature to achieve consistent combustion phasing at different injection timings, and the distinctively different combustion heat release processes at various injection timings. It was found that the HCCI mode of engine operation required a higher intake temperature than PPC operation due to methanol’s low ignition temperature in fuel-richer mixtures. In the HCCI mode, the engine exhibited ultra-low NOx emissions but higher emissions of UHC and CO, along with lower combustion efficiency compared to the PPC mode. This was attributed to poor combustion efficiency in the near-wall regions and engine crevices. Low emissions and high combustion efficiency are achievable in PPC modes with a start of injection around a crank angle of 30° before the top dead center. The fundamental mechanism behind the engine performance is analyzed.
- Published
- 2024
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43. ezcox: An R/CRAN Package for Cox Model Batch Processing and Visualization
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Wang, Shixiang, Liu, Xue-Song, Li, Jianfeng, and Zhao, Qi
- Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods ,Quantitative Biology - Genomics - Abstract
Cox analysis is a common clinical data analysis technique to link valuable variables to clinical outcomes including dead and relapse. In the omics era, Cox model batch processing is a basic strategy for screening clinically relevant variables, biomarker discovery and gene signature identification. However, all such analyses have been implemented with homebrew code in research community, thus lack of transparency and reproducibility. Here, we present ezcox, the first R/CRAN package for Cox model batch processing and visualization. ezcox is an open source R package under GPL-3 license and it is free available at https://github.com/ShixiangWang/ezcox and https://cran.r-project.org/package=ezcox., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures
- Published
- 2021
44. Tumor suppressor KEAP1 promotes HSPA9 degradation, controlling mitochondrial biogenesis in breast cancer
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Han, Bing, Zhen, Fang, Sun, Yue, Sun, Bin, Wang, Hong-Yi, Liu, Wei, Huang, Jian, Liang, Xiao, Wang, Ya-Ru, Chen, Xue-Song, Li, Shui-Jie, and Hu, Jing
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Precisely manipulating the local coordination of cobalt single-atom catalyst boosts selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes
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Cao, Fengliang, Ni, Wanxin, Zhao, Qingshan, Wang, Libo, Xue, Song, Li, Yanpeng, Kong, Debin, Wu, Mingbo, and Zhi, Linjie
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- 2024
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46. Modulating synovial macrophage pyroptosis and mitophagy interactions to mitigate osteoarthritis progression using functionalized nanoparticles
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Qi, Weizhong, Jin, Li, Huang, Shiqian, Aikebaier, Alafate, Xue, Song, Wang, QianYi, Chen, Qiyue, Lu, Yao, and Ding, Changhai
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- 2024
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47. Journey of the swift nitrogen transformation: Unveiling comammox from discovery to deep understanding
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Guo, Zheng, Ma, Xue Song, and Ni, Shou-Qing
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- 2024
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48. Spatiotemporally resolved surface temperature measurement of aluminum ignition and combustion in steam and oxygenated environments
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Wu, Zhiyong, Ruan, Can, Stiti, Mehdi, Xu, Shijie, Bai, Xue-Song, Berrocal, Edouard, Aldén, Marcus, and Li, Zhongshan
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- 2024
- Full Text
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49. A multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform for image-guideded photothermal-ferroptotic synergistic osteosarcoma therapy
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Liu, Yu-jie, Dong, Su-he, Hu, Wen-hao, Chen, Qiao-ling, Zhang, Shao-fu, Song, Kai, Han, Zhen-chuan, Li, Meng-meng, Han, Zhi-tao, Liu, Wei-bo, and Zhang, Xue-song
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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50. Acid-rock reaction kinetics in a two-scale model based on reaction order correction
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Li, Xue-Song, Qi, Ning, Zhang, Ze-Hui, Liu, Lian, Li, Xia-Qing, and Su, Xu-Hang
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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