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Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 variants capable of breakthrough infections have attracted global attention. These variants have significant mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein and the membrane (M) protein, which may imply an enhanced ability to evade immune responses. In this study, an examination of co-mutations within the spike RBD and their potential correlation with mutations in the M protein was conducted. The EVmutation method was utilized to analyze the distribution of the mutations to elucidate the relationship between the mutations in the spike RBD and the alterations in the M protein. Additionally, the Sequence-to-Sequence Transformer Model (S2STM) was employed to establish mapping between the amino acid sequences of the spike RBD and M proteins, offering a novel and efficient approach for streamlined sequence analysis and the exploration of their interrelationship. Certain mutations in the spike RBD, G339D-S373P-S375F and Q493R-Q498R-Y505, are associated with a heightened propensity for inducing mutations at specific sites within the M protein, especially sites 3 and 19/63. These results shed light on the concept of mutational synergy between the spike RBD and M proteins, illuminating a potential mechanism that could be driving the evolution of SARS-CoV-2.

Teacher candidates' sense of preparedness is integral to success as a teacher and longevity in the profession. Beyond preparing teacher candidates with content knowledge and pedagogy, elementary teacher preparation programs must be cognizant of teacher candidates' sense of preparedness and teacher candidates' concerns because of the impact each has on their future success. This yearlong study investigated elementary teacher candidate sense of preparedness across three U.S. institutions and across semesters. Qualitative data indicated that practical strategies during coursework and opportunities to apply theory to practice in actual classrooms had the biggest influence on feelings of preparedness. Teacher candidates felt well prepared to plan lessons and less prepared for classroom management, making accommodations and modifications, and assessment. While aspects of teacher candidates' sense of preparedness aligned with the study's theoretical framework, Fuller's concern theory, some teacher candidates never progressed to the concern with impact stage. Considerations for research and practice regarding teacher preparation programs are provided.

English translation teaching in colleges and universities has problems such as outdated models, lack of attractiveness, and low efficiency. In this paper, we construct an automatic translation scoring model for English teaching, convert the English translation scoring problem into a semantic similarity problem of multiple English phrases, combine the Bi-LSTM algorithm to realize lexical embedding encoding, and design a feature extraction algorithm mainly based on the Transformer encoder. The attention mechanism is introduced to interact with the English phrases with the translation similarity information and linguistic information, and the global optimal strategy is used to select the score as the final score of similarity and calculate the automatic translation scoring score. After the construction was completed, two classes of the same major in a university were used as the experimental class and the control class to conduct a controlled trial of the new teaching mode utilizing the model. It was found that after one semester of teaching, the translation scores of the experimental class and the control class were 94.63 and 82.77, respectively, and the gap between the two classes was 11.86 points, which was obvious compared to the pre-test gap. There is no significant change in the translation level of the control class, and the experimental class has made considerable progress, with its scores in the five dimensions being 12.7%, 6.7%, 26.6%, 13.9%, and 35.6% higher than those of the control class respectively. It can be concluded that the effectiveness of adopting the new teaching mode is remarkable. The students’ translation level has made tremendous progress, the model and the latest teaching mode are widely recognized and accepted by the students in the experimental class and produce greater attraction, and the students’ attitude towards translation learning is more positive. This study provides a useful exploration of the innovation of English translation teaching methods in colleges and universities and improves the efficiency and learning effect of English translation classrooms.

This article summarized the observation on the effect of using the self prepared Sanse formula to treat patients with upper extremity edema. The mechanism and consequence of upper extremity edema, prescription composition of Sanse formula and procedure of external application were summarized. On the basis of routine nursing, the application of Sanse formula to the local affected part can improve the symptoms of patients with upper extremity edema, without adverse reactions, and has a positive meaning for promoting the rehabilitation of patients. (本文总结1例ICU患者肢端水肿的护理体会, 包括肢端水肿的发生机制以及不良影响、中药三色方的药方组成和外敷方法等。在常规护理的基础上应用三色方外敷, 能有效缓解患者上肢水肿症状, 对促进患者康复具有积极意义。)

Pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare and highly aggressive cancer with a very poor prognosis. The proper treatment decision and possible prognosis outcome for advanced LCNEC is always an enormous challenge due to its scarcity. Here, we presented a 59-year-old male patient with advanced LCNEC with a non-neuroendocrine immunophenotype who received endostar plus pembrolizumab combined with a platinum-based dual chemotherapy regime as a first-line treatment. At present, the patient’s condition is well controlled by medication only and has a progression-free survival of more than 2 years. Adverse effects recorded for this patient during treatment courses include nausea, vomiting, II–III quality bone marrow toxicity, and PD-1 blockage-related hypothyroidism. This case report discussed the feasibility of immunotherapy, anti-angiogenesis agents, and chemotherapy as a first-line therapy in advanced LCNEC.

As the most-studied form of leadership across disciplines in both Western and Chinese contexts, transformational school leadership has the potential to suit diverse national and cultural contexts. Given the growing evidence showing the positive effects of transformational leadership on various school outcomes as it relates to school environment, teacher and student achievement, we wanted to explore the factors that gave rise to transformational leadership. The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the antecedents fostering transformational leadership in the contexts of both the United States and China. This paper reviews and discusses the empirical studies of the last two decades, concentrating on the variables that are antecedent to transformational leadership mainly in the educational context, but also in public management, business and psychology. Results show that transformational leadership is related to three sets of antecedents, which include: (1) the leader's qualities (e.g., self-efficacy, values, traits, emotional intelligence); (2) organizational features (e.g., organization fairness); and (3) the leader's colleagues' characteristics (e.g., follower's initial developmental level). Some antecedents were common to both contexts, while other antecedents appeared to be national context specific. The implications of the findings for future research and leader preparation in different national contexts are discussed.

Background and purpose: The treatment-related cardiovascular disease in patients with breast cancer poses a greater mortality threat than cancer itself. To assist clinical oncologist, we introduced a scale to help clinicians by screening out patients with breast cancer who were at risk of cardiovascular diseases. The breast cancer patients in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were analyzed retrospectively by the scale. Methods: This was a single center, retrospective trial. A total of 760 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this trial from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. The incidence rate of cardiovascular risk was collected from patients eligible for admission. Secondly, follow-up information for each patient was evaluated by the scale and the clinician. The repeatability, sensitivity, specificity and consistency of the scale were evaluated. Results: The average follow-up duration was (746.55±309.94) d, and the average population age was (56.60±12.62) years. A total of 36 patients developed severe arrhythmias during or after the treatment, 8 patients with emerging myocardial injury and 6 patients with emerging cardiac insufficiency. The follow-up rates of patients with test for NT-proBNP from half a year to one year and more than one year after baseline were 34.31% and 29.62%, while 35.48% and 32.48% for those who took echocardiography. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of medium-and high-risk patient tests were 0.828, 0.934 and 0.921, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of high-risk patient tests were 0.983, 0.986, and 0.986, respectively. The linear consistency with clinical judgment was κ=0.633, P

In order to improve the accuracy of vehicle trajectories and ensure driving safety, and considering the differences in driver behavior and the impact of these differences on vehicle trajectories, a vehicle trajectory-prediction method (DBC-Informer) based on the categorization of driver behavior is proposed: firstly, the characteristic driver feature data are extracted through data preprocessing; secondly, descriptive statistical data are obtained through the classification of the driver's behavior into categories; finally, based on the Informer model, a two-layer driver category trajectory-prediction network architecture is established, which inputs the vehicle trajectories of different driving types into independent prediction sub-networks, respectively, to realize the accurate prediction of vehicle trajectories. The experimental results show that the MAE and MSE values of trajectory prediction of the DBC-Informer model in different time domains are much smaller than those of other comparative models, and the improvement of accuracy is more obvious in the long-term domain trajectory-prediction task scenario, and the increase in prediction error of the DBC-Informer model is significantly reduced after the prediction time exceeds 1 s. The on-line behavioral categorization is achieved by comparing different categorization models; it reaches 98% in classification accuracy and, according to the results of ablation experiments, the addition of the driver behavior-classification method to the prediction model improves the accuracy of prediction in longitudinal and lateral motion by 56% and 61%, respectively, which verifies the effectiveness of the driver behavior-classification method. It can be seen that the DBC-Informer model can more accurately portray the effects of different driving behaviors on vehicle trajectories and improve the accuracy of vehicle trajectory prediction, which provides important data support for vehicle warning systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely involved in various biological processes of plants and contribute to plant resistance against various pathogens. In this study, upon sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection, the accumulation of maize (Zea mays) miR398b (ZmmiR398b) was significantly reduced in resistant inbred line Chang7‐2, while it was increased in susceptible inbred line Mo17. Degradome sequencing analysis coupled with transient co‐expression assays revealed that ZmmiR398b can target Cu/Zn‐superoxidase dismutase2 (ZmCSD2), ZmCSD4, and ZmCSD9 in vivo, of which the expression levels were all upregulated by SCMV infection in Chang7‐2 and Mo17. Moreover, overexpressing ZmmiR398b (OE398b) exhibited increased susceptibility to SCMV infection, probably by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which were consistent with ZmCSD2/4/9‐silenced maize plants. By contrast, silencing ZmmiR398b (STTM398b) through short tandem target mimic (STTM) technology enhanced maize resistance to SCMV infection and decreased ROS levels. Interestingly, copper (Cu)‐gradient hydroponic experiments demonstrated that Cu deficiency promoted SCMV infection while Cu sufficiency inhibited SCMV infection by regulating accumulations of ZmmiR398b and ZmCSD2/4/9 in maize. These results revealed that manipulating the ZmmiR398b‐ZmCSD2/4/9‐ROS module provides a prospective strategy for developing SCMV‐tolerant maize varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]