Search

Evaluating academic papers and groups is important in scholar evaluation and literature retrieval. However, current evaluation indices, which pay excessive attention to the citation number rather than the citation importance and unidirectionality, are relatively simple. This study proposes new evaluation indices for papers and groups. First, an improved PageRank (PR) algorithm introducing citation importance is proposed to obtain a new citation-based paper index (CPI) via a pre-ranking and fine-tuning strategy. Second, to evaluate the paper's influence inside and outside its research field, the focus citation-based paper index (FCPI) and diversity citation-based paper index (DCPI) are proposed based on topic similarity and diversity, respectively. Third, aside from the statistical indices for academic papers, we propose a foreign academic degree of dependence (FAD) to characterise the dependence between two academic groups. Finally, artificial intelligence (AI) papers from 2005 to 2019 are utilised for a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the potential of advanced technologies in the field of cultural heritage. It highlights how these technologies, such as virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and 3D printing, can be used to understand, preserve, and enhance cultural heritage. The article also presents scientific papers from the Florence Heri-Tech International Conference, showcasing the various applications of these technologies. The papers cover topics such as the use of hyperspectral imaging for hieroglyph recognition, the enhancement of user experience in cultural spaces through advanced systems, and the use of non-invasive techniques for conservation. Overall, the article emphasizes the significant impact of technology on the research, preservation, and promotion of cultural heritage. [Extracted from the article]

Paper mills, companies that write scientific papers and gain acceptance for them, then sell authorships of these papers, present a key challenge in medicine and other healthcare fields. This challenge is becoming more acute with artificial intelligence (AI), where AI writes the manuscripts and then the paper mills sell the authorships of these papers. The aim of the current research is to provide a method for detecting fake papers. The method reported in this article uses a machine learning approach to create decision trees to identify fake papers. The data were collected from Web of Science and multiple journals in various fields. The article presents a method to identify fake papers based on the results of decision trees. Use of this method in a case study indicated its effectiveness in identifying a fake paper. This method to identify fake papers is applicable for authors, editors, and publishers across fields to investigate a single paper or to conduct an analysis of a group of manuscripts. Clinicians and others can use this method to evaluate articles they find in a search to ensure they are not fake articles and instead report actual research that was peer reviewed prior to publication in a journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notable increase in retraction papers has attracted considerable attention from diverse stakeholders. Various sources are now offering information related to research integrity, including concerns voiced on social media, disclosed lists of paper mills, and retraction notices accessible through journal websites. However, despite the availability of such resources, there remains a lack of a unified platform to consolidate this information, thereby hindering efficient searching and cross-referencing. Thus, it is imperative to develop a comprehensive platform for retracted papers and related concerns. This article aims to introduce "Amend," a platform designed to integrate information on research integrity from diverse sources. The Amend platform consolidates concerns and lists of problematic articles sourced from social media platforms (e.g., PubPeer, For Better Science), retraction notices from journal websites, and citation databases (e.g., Web of Science, CrossRef). Moreover, Amend includes investigation and punishment announcements released by administrative agencies (e.g., NSFC, MOE, MOST, CAS). Each related paper is marked and can be traced back to its information source via a provided link. Furthermore, the Amend database incorporates various attributes of retracted articles, including citation topics, funding details, open access status, and more. The reasons for retraction are identified and classified as either academic misconduct or honest errors, with detailed subcategories provided for further clarity. Within the Amend platform, a total of 32,515 retracted papers indexed in SCI, SSCI, and ESCI between 1980 and 2023 were identified. Of these, 26,620 (81.87%) were associated with academic misconduct. The retraction rate stands at 6.64 per 10,000 articles. Notably, the retraction rate for non-gold open access articles significantly differs from that for gold open access articles, with this disparity progressively widening over the years. Furthermore, the reasons for retractions have shifted from traditional individual behaviors like falsification, fabrication, plagiarism, and duplication to more organized large-scale fraudulent practices, including Paper Mills, Fake Peer-review, and Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC). The Amend platform may not fully capture all retracted and concerning papers, thereby impacting its comprehensiveness. Additionally, inaccuracies in retraction notices may lead to errors in tagged reasons. Amend provides an integrated platform for stakeholders to enhance monitoring, analysis, and research on academic misconduct issues. Ultimately, the Amend database can contribute to upholding scientific integrity. This study introduces a globally integrated platform for retracted and concerning papers, along with a preliminary analysis of the evolutionary trends in retracted papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avoiding financial losses requires preventing catastrophic oil‐filled power transformer breakdowns. Continuous online transformer monitoring is needed. The authors use paper insulation to evaluate transformer health for continuous online transformer monitoring. The study suggests a new artificial intelligence method for estimating paper insulation residual life in oil‐immersed power transformers. The four artificial intelligence models use backpropagation‐based neural networks to predict paper insulation lifespan. Four primary transformer insulating paper failure indices—degree of polymerisation, 2‐furfuraldehyde, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide—form the basis of these models. Each model, including the backpropagation‐based neural networks, estimates paper insulation life using one failure index, along with moisture and temperature data. Optimisation techniques enhance hidden layer neurons and epoch count for improved performance. Results are validated against literature‐based life models, establishing a precise input–output correlation. This method accurately predicts the remaining useable life of power transformer paper insulation, enabling utilities to take proactive measures for safe and efficient transformer operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapid evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI), scientific publishing is experiencing significant transformations. AI tools, while offering unparalleled efficiencies in paper drafting and peer review, also introduce notable ethical concerns. This study delineates AI's dual role in scientific publishing: as a co-creator in the writing and review of scientific papers and as an ethical challenge. We first explore the potential of AI as an enhancer of efficiency, efficacy, and quality in creating scientific papers. A critical assessment follows, evaluating the risks vs. rewards for researchers, especially those early in their careers, emphasizing the need to maintain a balance between AI's capabilities and fostering independent reasoning and creativity. Subsequently, we delve into the ethical dilemmas of AI's involvement, particularly concerning originality, plagiarism, and preserving the genuine essence of scientific discourse. The evolving dynamics further highlight an overlooked aspect: the inadequate recognition of human reviewers in the academic community. With the increasing volume of scientific literature, tangible metrics and incentives for reviewers are proposed as essential to ensure a balanced academic environment. AI's incorporation in scientific publishing is promising yet comes with significant ethical and operational challenges. The role of human reviewers is accentuated, ensuring authenticity in an AI-influenced environment. As the scientific community treads the path of AI integration, a balanced symbiosis between AI's efficiency and human discernment is pivotal. Emphasizing human expertise, while exploit artificial intelligence responsibly, will determine the trajectory of an ethically sound and efficient AI-augmented future in scientific publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short response to the papers appearing in this special issue (Technology, AI Bots and Psychotherapy After Covid), psychotherapist and author Aaron Balick draws on the variety of themes that have arisen within the contributed papers to reflect on the wider issue of computer mediated human relations. In it he makes a distinction between the papers that focus on the therapeutic process mediated by technology and those that look more broadly at the paradigm of therapy practice in this context. Framing technology as a tool, the author pulls together both strands to explore what psychotherapy research may say about the broader issues of societies mediated by technology and how therapeutic research may contribute to these larger social issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractOpenAI’s ChatGPT is an advanced large language model AI that has caused both excitement and concern in academia. TurnItIn and similar software programs are widely used in higher education to detect potential plagiarism. However, the extent to which such software can identify papers produced by ChatGPT remains unclear. The current study partially addressed this question by submitting five versions of short essays about criminological topics generated from ChatGPT to the TurnItIn software. Overall, the results indicated that TurnItIn adequately detected that the essays were not original works (mean percent plagiarized score = 31%). The analyses further illustrated that ChatGPT wrote at an exceedingly high level (mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level = 15.1) atypical of essays in higher education. Consequently, it appears that detection of AI-generated writing may be easier than initially assumed although the technology is bound to improve. Accordingly, possible strategies for approaching AI in higher education are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has raised concerns about its potential impact on academic integrity, especially concerning research papers and academic writing. Some institutions have decided to ban the use of AI, while others are looking for ways to integrate it into their curriculum responsibly. Pennsylvania State University offers a course called "Emerging Technologies in Popular Culture," which explores the ethical implications of AI-generated art. This approach emphasizes critical evaluation and problematization of AI-generated outputs and serves as a model for embracing AI while maintaining academic rigor. As AI reshapes education, educators must prepare students with the necessary skills to navigate this evolving landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: ChatGPT represents the most popular and widely used generative artificial intelligence (AI) model that received significant attention in healthcare research. The aim of the current study was to assess the future trajectory of the needed research in this domain based on the recommendations of the top influential published records. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted on Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (27–30 November 2023) to identify the top ten ChatGPT-related published records in healthcare across the three databases. Classification of the records as “top” denoting high influence in the field was based on citation counts. Results: A total of 22 unique records from 17 different journals representing 14 different publishers were identified as the top ChatGPT-related publications in healthcare subject. Based on the identified records’ recommendations, the following themes appeared as important areas to consider in future ChatGPT research in healthcare: improving healthcare education, improved efficiency of clinical processes (e.g., documentation), addressing ethical concerns (e.g., patient privacy and consent), supporting research tasks (e.g., data analysis, manuscript preparation), mitigating ChatGPT output biases, improving patient education and engagement, and developing standardized assessment protocols for ChatGPT utility in healthcare. Conclusions: The current review highlighted key areas to be prioritized in assessment of ChatGPT utility in healthcare. Interdisciplinary collaborations and standardizing methodologies are needed to synthesize robust evidence in these studies. Based on these recommendations and the promising potential of ChatGPT on healthcare, JMJ launched a call for papers for a special issue entitled “Evaluating Generative AI-Based Models in Healthcare”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital surgery is a new paradigm within the surgical innovation space that is rapidly advancing and encompasses multiple areas. Methods: This white paper from the SAGES Digital Surgery Working Group outlines the scope of digital surgery, defines key terms, and analyzes the challenges and opportunities surrounding this disruptive technology. Results: In its simplest form, digital surgery inserts a computer interface between surgeon and patient. We divide the digital surgery space into the following elements: advanced visualization, enhanced instrumentation, data capture, data analytics with artificial intelligence/machine learning, connectivity via telepresence, and robotic surgical platforms. We will define each area, describe specific terminology, review current advances as well as discuss limitations and opportunities for future growth. Conclusion: Digital Surgery will continue to evolve and has great potential to bring value to all levels of the healthcare system. The surgical community has an essential role in understanding, developing, and guiding this emerging field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, I was at a Microsoft Technology Center to discuss the augmented reality (AR) technology developed in my lab for treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We also explored the possibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) to automate interactions with digital AR characters. We were also given a tour of the Microsoft 365 Copilot AI technology. This experience, along with my upcoming experiences with the rapidly evolving and publicly available AI technology, triggered a series of questions and reflections about the use of AI in scientific work and writing. In this article, the author reflects upon recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have led to profound discussions about AI's role in scientific research and education. AI technologies are now capable of summarizing and analyzing large volumes of data, creating presentations, and even drafting parts of scientific papers and grants with minimal human input. With their exponential ongoing advancements, they will become even more capable in doing these tasks. As boundaries between humans and AI blurs, serious questions arise about the future roles, responsibilities, and identity of academic researchers, intellectual property, publishing and grantsmanship, and equity in the world of AI potentiated research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research groups in computer vision, graphics, and machine learning have dedicated a substantial amount of attention to the areas of 3D object reconstruction, augmentation, and registration. Deep learning is the predominant method used in artificial intelligence for addressing computer vision challenges. However, deep learning on three-dimensional data presents distinct obstacles and is now in its nascent phase. There have been significant advancements in deep learning specifically for three-dimensional data, offering a range of ways to address these issues. This study offers a comprehensive examination of the latest advancements in deep learning methodologies. We examine many benchmark models for the tasks of 3D object registration, augmentation, and reconstruction. We thoroughly analyse their architectures, advantages, and constraints. In summary, this report provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in three-dimensional deep learning and highlights unresolved research areas that will need to be addressed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews have long been recognized as among the most important forms of scientific communication. The rapid growth of the primary literature has further increased the need for reviews to distill and interpret the literature. This review on Reviews and Reviewing: Approaches to Research Synthesis encompasses the evolution of the review literature, taxonomy of review literature, uses and users of reviews, the process of preparing reviews, assessment of review quality and impact, the impact of information technology on the preparation of reviews, and research opportunities for information science related to reviews and reviewing. In addition to providing a synthesis of prior research, this review seeks to identify gaps in the published research and to suggest possible future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document discusses the societal impact of applying artificial intelligence (AI) to traffic and transportation. Sustainable transport is considered crucial for sustainable cities and communities, and AI has the potential to significantly influence daily life in urban areas. The document highlights the interdisciplinary challenges of understanding and coordinating transportation systems, which involve various players with conflicting goals and constraints. It also presents a selection of innovative solutions related to traffic management, including machine learning, reinforcement learning, and optimization approaches. The document concludes by expressing gratitude to the authors, reviewers, and committee members involved in the creation of the special issue. [Extracted from the article]

Structured reporting in radiology continues to hold substantial potential to improve the quality of service provided to patients and referring physicians. Despite many physicians' preference for structured reports and various efforts by radiological societies and some vendors, structured reporting has still not been widely adopted in clinical routine. While in many countries national radiological societies have launched initiatives to further promote structured reporting, cross-institutional applications of report templates and incentives for usage of structured reporting are lacking. Various legislative measures have been taken in the USA and the European Union to promote interoperable data formats such as Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) in the context of the EU Health Data Space (EHDS) which will certainly be relevant for the future of structured reporting. Lastly, recent advances in artificial intelligence and large language models may provide innovative and efficient approaches to integrate structured reporting more seamlessly into the radiologists' workflow. The ESR will remain committed to advancing structured reporting as a key component towards more value-based radiology. Practical solutions for structured reporting need to be provided by vendors. Policy makers should incentivize the usage of structured radiological reporting, especially in cross-institutional setting. Critical relevance statement Over the past years, the benefits of structured reporting in radiology have been widely discussed and agreed upon; however, implementation in clinical routine is lacking due—policy makers should incentivize the usage of structured radiological reporting, especially in cross-institutional setting. Key points 1. Various national societies have established initiatives for structured reporting in radiology. 2. Almost no monetary or structural incentives exist that favor structured reporting. 3. A consensus on technical standards for structured reporting is still missing. 4. The application of large language models may help structuring radiological reports. 5. Policy makers should incentivize the usage of structured radiological reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first half of 2023, text-generative artificial intelligence (AI), including ChatGPT from OpenAI, has attracted considerable attention worldwide. In this study, first, we compared Japanese stylometric features of texts generated by ChatGPT, equipped with GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, and those written by humans. In this work, we performed multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) to confirm the distributions of 216 texts of three classes (72 academic papers written by 36 single authors, 72 texts generated by GPT-3.5, and 72 texts generated by GPT-4 on the basis of the titles of the aforementioned papers) focusing on the following stylometric features: (1) bigrams of parts-of-speech, (2) bigram of postpositional particle words, (3) positioning of commas, and (4) rate of function words. MDS revealed distinct distributions at each stylometric feature of GPT (3.5 and 4) and human. Although GPT-4 is more powerful than GPT-3.5 because it has more parameters, both GPT (3.5 and 4) distributions are overlapping. These results indicate that although the number of parameters may increase in the future, GPT-generated texts may not be close to that written by humans in terms of stylometric features. Second, we verified the classification performance of random forest (RF) classifier for two classes (GPT and human) focusing on Japanese stylometric features. This study revealed the high performance of RF in each stylometric feature: The RF classifier focusing on the rate of function words achieved 98.1% accuracy. Furthermore the RF classifier focusing on all stylometric features reached 100% in terms of all performance indexes (accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score). This study concluded that at this stage we human discriminate ChatGPT from human limited to Japanese language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shares results from a pedagogical experiment that assigns undergraduates to "cheat" on a final class essay by requiring their use of text-generating AI software. For this assignment, students harvested content from an installation of GPT-2, then wove that content into their final essay. At the end, students offered a "revealed" version of the essay as well as their own reflections on the experiment. In this assignment, students were specifically asked to confront the oncoming availability of AI as a writing tool. What are the ethics of using AI this way? What counts as plagiarism? What are the conditions, if any, we should place on AI assistance for student writing? And how might working with AI change the way we think about writing, authenticity, and creativity? While students (and sometimes GPT-2) offered thoughtful reflections on these initial questions, actually composing with GPT-2 opened their perspectives more broadly on the ethics and practice of writing with AI. In this paper, I share how students experienced those issues, connect their insights to broader conversations in the humanities about writing and communication, and explain their relevance for the ethical use and evaluation of language models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The irruption of artificial intelligence (AI) in all areas of our lives is a reality to which the university, as an institution of higher education, must respond prudently, but also with no hesitation. This paper discusses the potential that resources based on AI presents as potential reviewers of scientific articles in a hypothetical peer review of already published articles. Using different models (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) and platforms (ChatPDF and Bing), we obtained three full reviews, both qualitative and quantitative, for each of the five articles examined, thus being able to delineate and contrast the results of all of them in terms of the human reviews that these same articles received at the time. The evidence found highlights the extent to which we can and should rely on generative language models to support our decisions as qualified experts in our field. Furthermore, the results also corroborate the hallucinations inherent in these models while pointing out one of their current major shortcomings: the context window limit. On the other hand, the study also points out the inherent benefits of a model that is in a clear expansion phase, providing a detailed view of the potential and limitations that these models offer as possible assistants to the review of scientific articles, a key process in the communication and dissemination of academic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) has helped to obtain accurate, fast, robust results without any human errors. Hence, it has been used in various applications in our daily lives. The Turing test has been a fundamental problem that AI systems aim to overcome. Recently developed various natural language processing (NLP) models have shown significant performances. AI language models, used in translation, digital assistant, and sentiment analysis, have improved the quality of our lives. It can perform scans on thousands of documents in seconds and report them by establishing appropriate sentence structures. Generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) is a popular model developed recently has been used for many applications. Users of this model have obtained surprising results on various applications and shared them on various social media platforms. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the GPT-3 model in writing an academic article. Hence, we chose the subject of the article as tools based on artificial intelligence in academic article writing. The organized queries on ChatGPT created the flow of this article. In this article, we have made an effort to highlight the advantages and limitations of using ChatGPT-3 for academic research paper writing. As a result of the findings, it has been observed that ChatGPT can be used as an auxiliary tool while writing academic research articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses two computer science research papers concerning artificial intelligence (AI). Topics explored include the susceptibility of deep convolutional neural networks to input pertubations acknowledged in the 2013 study "Intriguing Properties of Neural Networks," by Christian Szegedy and colleagues, and the capability of sequence-to-sequence language models to execute short computer programs reported in the 2014 study "Learning to Execute," by Wojciech Zaremba and Ilya Sutskever.

This paper presents the prediction of aging state of oil impregnated insulating Kraft paper using textural properties. Under conditions of prolonged thermal stress, the insulating capacity of Kraft paper decreases due to carbonization and degradation of cellulose. To analyze these effects, a new accelerated aging kit is developed for the experiments. Four groups of samples are collected, and the morphology is examined. Texture feature is extracted for the samples using normalization and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Supervised (Support Vector Machine (SVM)) and unsupervised (K-means) machine intelligence methods are trained to classify images based on the feature. In addition, new samples are checked for feasibility of the prediction of aging state. The calculated training accuracy of SVM is 92.67%, and for k-means is 95.0%, on the other hand, the testing accuracy of SVM is 91.0%, and for k-means is 92.6%. Therefore, this machine intelligence-based methodology using image features is effective in classifying the aging state of the Kraft Insulating Paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the prevalence of artificial intelligence technologies, big data has been utilized to higher extent in many cross-domain fields. This paper concentrates on the digital assessment of vocational education level in some specific areas, and proposes a graph neural network-based assessment model for this purpose. Assume that all vocational colleges inside a specific region are with a social graph, in which each college is a node and the relations among them are the edges. The graph neural network (GNN) model is formulated to capture global structured features of all the nodes together. The GNN is then employed for the sequential modeling pattern, and the evolving characteristics of all the colleges can be captured. Some experiments are also conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed GNN-VEL. It is compared with two typical forecasting methods under evaluation of two metrics. The results show that it performs better than other two methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses OpenAI's ChatGPT, a generative pre‐trained transformer, which uses natural language processing to fulfill text‐based user requests (i.e., a "chatbot"). The history and principles behind ChatGPT and similar models are discussed. This technology is then discussed in relation to its potential impact on academia and scholarly research and publishing. ChatGPT is seen as a potential model for the automated preparation of essays and other types of scholarly manuscripts. Potential ethical issues that could arise with the emergence of large language models like GPT‐3, the underlying technology behind ChatGPT, and its usage by academics and researchers, are discussed and situated within the context of broader advancements in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing for research and scholarly publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To discuss the feasibility of directly processing paper-based ECG by using deep learning method, and to propose a method for identifying atrial fibrillation ( AF) from paper-based ECG rapidly and accurately. Methods The 12-lead ECG signals of 1 040 AF and 1 344 non-AF patients were selected from CPSC 2018 Challenge data, and were plotted as ECGs. These ECGs were printed out on papers, and rescanned into images. The paper-based ECGs with white background were obtained by a series of preprocessing. These paper-based ECGs were used to construct AF recognition dataset; the artificial intelligence algorithm (AIA) was trained, validated and tested using the real labels provided by the Challenge as the gold standard. Results The sensitivity, specificity and F1 score of the AIA based on paper-based ECGs are 0. 957, 0. 978 and 0. 969, respectively, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve is 0. 994. The Grad-CAM based feature visualization results show that in paper-based ECGs, the position of P wave and F wave at the onset of AF provide main references for the algorithm to identify AF, which is consistent with the ECG diagnostic criteria of AF in clinical practice. Conclusion The AF recognition algorithm based on paper-based ECGs shows good performance. The visualization results verify the high efficiency and feasibility of directly analyzing paper-based ECGs by using AIA, which could provide guidance for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer-reviewed conferences, the main publication venues in CS, rely critically on matching highly qualified reviewers for each paper. Because of the growing scale of these conferences, the tight timelines on which they operate, and a recent surge in explicitly dishonest behavior, there is now no alternative to performing this matching in an automated way. This paper introduces Large Conference Matching (LCM) , a novel reviewer–paper matching approach that was recently deployed in the 35th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2021), and has since been adopted (wholly or partially) by other conferences including ICML 2022, AAAI 2022-2024, and IJCAI 2022-2024. LCM has three main elements: (1) collecting and processing input data to identify problematic matches and generate reviewer–paper scores; (2) formulating and solving an optimization problem to find good reviewer–paper matchings; and (3) a two-phase reviewing process that shifts reviewing resources away from papers likely to be rejected and towards papers closer to the decision boundary. This paper also describes an evaluation of these innovations based on an extensive post-hoc analysis on real data—including a comparison with the matching algorithm used in AAAI's previous (2020) iteration—and supplements this with additional numerical experimentation.2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) applications, such as ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer) and Midjourney, have recently attracted much attention from researchers and school teachers. While many people are eager to learn more about GAI applications, some scholars are concerned about the potential misuse of them. It is predicted that the use of GAI applications will increase rapidly in the coming years. Therefore, it is important to consider the challenges and research issues through some concrete application examples of using GAI for education. In this position paper, the authors aim to address these issues from the perspectives of academic research and educational objectives. Along with defining GAI, several illustrative examples of using GAI applications in educational settings are provided. Moreover, potential research issues of GAI-based learning, including research design, relevant learning strategies, research focus, and measuring tools, are discussed. ET&S journal is especially welcoming research on unlocking the potential of GAI for education to realize the two notions of "Knowing [why] is the essential element for learners to have in-depth understanding" and "It is all about prompts: Get rid of the 'search' mindset and use 'programming prompt' instead." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a five-species cyclic system wherein individuals of one species strategically adapt their movements to enhance their performance in the spatial rock–paper–scissors game. Environmental cues enable the awareness of the presence of organisms targeted for elimination in the cyclic game. If the local density of target organisms is sufficiently high, individuals move towards concentrated areas for direct attack; otherwise, they employ an ambush tactic, maximising the chances of success by targeting regions likely to be dominated by opponents. Running stochastic simulations, we discover that the ambush strategy enhances the likelihood of individual success compared to direct attacks alone, leading to uneven spatial patterns characterised by spiral waves. We compute the autocorrelation function and measure how the ambush tactic unbalances the organisms' spatial organisation by calculating the characteristic length scale of typical spatial domains of each species. We demonstrate that the threshold for local species density influences the ambush strategy's effectiveness, while the neighbourhood perception range significantly impacts decision-making accuracy. The outcomes show that long-range perception improves performance by over 60%, although there is potential interference in decision-making under high attack triggers. Understanding how organisms' adaptation their environment enhances their performance may be helpful not only for ecologists, but also for data scientists, aiming to improve artificial intelligence systems. • Stochastic simulations of the rock–paper–scissors model with Ambush strategy are performed. • The changes in the spatial patterns provoked by the behavioural strategy are quantified. • Organisms' performance in the rock–paper–scissor game is computed. • The impact of the organisms' perception radius in the accuracy of the strategy is investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning has been leveraged for image analysis applications throughout a multitude of subspecialties. This position paper provides a perspective on the evolutionary trajectory of practical deep learning tools for genitourinary pathology through evaluating the most recent iterations of such algorithmic devices. Deep learning tools for genitourinary pathology demonstrate potential to enhance prognostic and predictive capacity for tumor assessment including grading, staging, and subtype identification, yet limitations in data availability, regulation, and standardization have stymied their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is coming into the field of nuclear medicine, and it is likely here to stay. As a society, EANM can and must play a central role in the use of AI in nuclear medicine. In this position paper, the EANM explains the preconditions for the implementation of AI in NM and takes position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This summary is about a special issue of the International Journal on Digital Libraries (IJDL) that features selected papers from the 23rd International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries (ICADL 2021). ICADL is an annual interdisciplinary conference that connects digital libraries, computer science, and library and information science communities. The special issue includes five papers that have undergone a rigorous review process and cover topics such as improving scientific publication retrieval, multi-label document classification, extracting leaderboards from research papers, and AI-powered peer review systems. The articles offer diverse perspectives and high-quality research within these fields. [Extracted from the article]

In the production of paper cups in industrial factories, it is tried to print high quality cups with less waste loss with the help of sensors and heating resistances mounted on the paper cup machine. In this study, a system that detects faulty products based on image processing and removes it by controlling the machine with servo motors, asynchronous motors and programmable logic controller (PLC) is designed. For fault product detection, classification has been performed using real-time Haarcascade algorithm and You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm which is a deep learning methods, and real-time object detection has been carried out using the OpenCv library. With this study, an effective faulty product detection and removing hardware system was realized by adapting artificial intelligence algorithms to a machine used in industry. Based on the results, a whole system can be applied to systems that involve removing a faulty product from a band in any production, packaging etc. facility is proposed. A hardware consisting of servo motors, asynchronous motors and PLC was designed to separate faulty cups from the existing paper cup production machine in this study. Then, a data set composed of 1068 images was created with images taken from the camera for faulty and faultless paper cups. Using this dataset, the effect of different deep learning methods on performance in the real-time system has been examined and successful results have been obtained. The optimal outcome was achieved, yielding a real-time application accuracy rate of 90.8% through the utilization of the Yolov5x architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the rapid development of intelligent technologies in recent years, the digital transformation of the whole industry and society has become increasingly important. Among them, digital twins and artificial intelligence have great potentials in improving industry processes and further enhancing productivity. This paper proposes an Intelligent Digital Twin System (IDTS) based on artificial intelligence and digital twins for the paper industry. The system includes the prediction models for the stirring speed of the dump chest, the water consumption of the deflaker, the supply air pressure of the dryer, and the exhaust air temperature of the dryer. The sensors, 5G network slices, and other equipment collect related data during the papermaking process for generating twin data, and we use the prediction models to analyze the data and monitor important indicators (stirring speeds, water consumptions, supply air pressures, and exhaust air temperatures) for the manufacturing processes, which are used to improve the energy utilization and production efficiency of the paper industry and thus facilitate cost saving. We apply this intelligent digital twin system and its associated prediction models to an actual paper manufacturing factory and show their effectiveness by improving the operational efficiency and saving labor and maintenance costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Five Machine Learning (ML) models compared for wave height time series prediction. • Complex ML models do not outperform simple AR in wave height time series prediction. • Comment to related papers: signal decomposition in test set series is WRONG. Significant Wave Height (SWH) is crucial in many aspect of ocean engineering. The accurate prediction of SWH has therefore been of immense practical value. Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) time series prediction methods have been widely used for single-point short-term SWH time-series forecasting, resulting in many AI-based models claiming to achieve good results. However, the extent to which these complex AI models can outperform traditional methods has largely been overlooked. This study compared five different models - AutoRegressive (AR), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and WaveNet - for their performance on SWH time series prediction at 16 buoy locations. Surprisingly, the results suggest that the differences of performance among different models are negligible, indicating that all these AI models have only "learned" the linear auto-regression from the data. Additionally, we noticed that many recent studies used signal decomposition method for such time series prediction, and most of them decomposed the test sets, which is WRONG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article proposes a methodology based on artificial intelligence to enhance methane production from waste paper. The proposed methodology combines fuzzy logic‐based modelling and modern optimization. Firstly, a robust Adaptive Network‐based Fuzzy Inference System model of methane production process through fuzzy logic modelling is created using experimental datasets. Second, a particle swarm optimizer was used to obtain the optimal process conditions. During the optimization procedure, the beating time and feedstock/inoculum ratio are employed as decision variables in order to maximize methane production. The obtained resulted from the proposed methodology are compared with those obtained by response surface methodology. The results of the comparison confirmed the superiority of the proposed methodology. The fuzzy model shows a better fitting to the experimental data compared to ANOVA. The fuzzy model showed a higher coefficient of determination and a lower value of root mean squared errors compared to ANOVA. Moreover, the proposed strategy, that is, modelling and optimization, is an effective method for increasing the biomethane yield at extended range conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence is more present than ever, both in our society in general and in science. At the center of this development has been the concept of deep learning, the use of artificial neural networks that are many layers deep and can often reproduce human‐like behavior much better than other machine‐learning techniques. The articles in this collection are some recent examples of its application for X‐ray photon science and crystallography that have been published in Journal of Applied Crystallography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve clinical impact in daily oncological practice, emerging AI-based cancer imaging research needs to have clearly defined medical focus, AI methods, and outcomes to be estimated. AI-supported cancer imaging should predict major relevant clinical endpoints, aiming to extract associations and draw inferences in a fair, robust, and trustworthy way. AI-assisted solutions as medical devices, developed using multicenter heterogeneous datasets, should be targeted to have an impact on the clinical care pathway. When designing an AI-based research study in oncologic imaging, ensuring clinical impact in AI solutions requires careful consideration of key aspects, including target population selection, sample size definition, standards, and common data elements utilization, balanced dataset splitting, appropriate validation methodology, adequate ground truth, and careful selection of clinical endpoints. Endpoints may be pathology hallmarks, disease behavior, treatment response, or patient prognosis. Ensuring ethical, safety, and privacy considerations are also mandatory before clinical validation is performed. The Artificial Intelligence for Health Imaging (AI4HI) Clinical Working Group has discussed and present in this paper some indicative Machine Learning (ML) enabled decision-support solutions currently under research in the AI4HI projects, as well as the main considerations and requirements that AI solutions should have from a clinical perspective, which can be adopted into clinical practice. If effectively designed, implemented, and validated, cancer imaging AI-supported tools will have the potential to revolutionize the field of precision medicine in oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ChatGPT could allow students to plagiarize the content of their coursework with little risk of detection. Little is known about undergraduate willingness to use AI tools. In this study, psychology undergraduates (N = 160) from the United Kingdom, indicated their willingness to use, and history of using, ChatGPT to write university assignments. Almost a third (32%) indicated that they would use such tools; 15% indicated that they had used them already. Neither personality (conscientiousness, agreeableness, Machiavellianism, narcissism), academic performance, nor study skills self-efficacy could predict future use of AI tools. A novel Degree Apathy Scale was the only significant predictor. Willingness to use AI tools was greater when the risk of getting caught was low, and punishment was light, particularly for those high in degree apathy. Findings suggest that degree apathy is a key risk factor in academic misconduct. Wider research and pedagogical applications of degree apathy are discussed. • Thirty-two percent of students surveyed reported that they would use ChatGPT on future academic assignments. • Future use of AI tools was significantly predicted by a new Degree Apathy Scale. • Big Five and Dark Triad scores were not significant predictors, nor was previous academic performance. • Likelihood of cheating using ChatGPT was reduced with increasing risk of detection or severity of punishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the challenges faced by Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, like Elicit and Scim, designed to assist scientists in navigating the overwhelming volume of published papers, with technical and legal barriers hindering widespread adoption. Topics discussed include the limitations of generative systems, the issue of papers behind paywalls, and the necessity for sustainable business models in the evolving landscape of AI tools for literature navigation.

This paper takes smart cartography in the context of artificial intelligence as the starting point, analyzes the impact of space-time big data on cartography, points to three possible directions for the evolu‐ tion of the map, explains the connotation of smart cartography and its characteristics of crowd-sourced da‐ ta, user participation, model coupling and visual analysis, discusses in depth the explicit and implicit knowl‐ edge representation of smart cartography, proposes the idea of establishing a map knowledge graph, and outlines a platform development paradigm based on low-code technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing integration of AI tools like Yewno Discover, Scholarcy, and Grammarly in academic libraries, undergraduate research has witnessed transformative changes. These tools, while elevating the research process, also bring forth challenges rooted in ethics and application. This paper explores the synergy between modern technology and academic exploration, highlighting the benefits and potential pitfalls of using AI in the research workflow. It emphasizes that while Yewno Discover and similar tools offer streamlined navigation of vast information databases, it is imperative for undergraduates to remain cognizant of potential biases and other ethical considerations. This paper underscores the need for proactive measures in academic settings, including specialized training and policy development, to ensure that undergraduate researchers harness the power of AI responsibly and efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]