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Your search keyword '"Litwin, Tamara R"' showing total 2 results
Start Over Author "Litwin, Tamara R" Search Limiters Peer Reviewed Topic cervical cancer Publication Year Range Last 10 years
2 results on '"Litwin, Tamara R"'

1. Somatic Host Cell Alterations in HPV Carcinogenesis.

Author

Litwin, Tamara R., Clarke, Megan A., Dean, Michael, and Wentzensen, Nicolas

Subjects
*CARCINOGENICITY, *PETO'S paradox, *CARCINOGENESIS, *CERVICAL cancer, *PAPILLOMAVIRUSES
Abstract

High-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infections cause cancers in different organ sites, most commonly cervical and head and neck cancers. While carcinogenesis is initiated by two viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, increasing evidence shows the importance of specific somatic events in host cells for malignant transformation. HPV-driven cancers share characteristic somatic changes, including apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC)-driven mutations and genomic instability leading to copy number variations and large chromosomal rearrangements. HPV-associated cancers have recurrent somatic mutations in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), human leukocyte antigen A and B (HLA-A and HLA-B)-A/B, and the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway, and rarely have mutations in the tumor protein p53 (TP53) and RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) tumor suppressor genes. There are some variations by tumor site, such as NOTCH1 mutations which are primarily found in head and neck cancers. Understanding the somatic events following HPV infection and persistence can aid the development of early detection biomarkers, particularly when mutations in precancers are characterized. Somatic mutations may also influence prognosis and treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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2. Infiltrating T-cell markers in cervical carcinogenesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Tamara R. Litwin, Sarah R. Irvin, Nicolas Wentzensen, Rebecca Chornock, Vikrant V. Sahasrabuddhe, Margaret Stanley, Litwin, Tamara R [0000-0003-2130-6263], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Stromal cell, Carcinogenesis, T cell, T-Lymphocytes, Adaptive immunity, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, Cancer epidemiology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, IL-2 receptor, Papillomaviridae, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Papillomavirus Infections, FOXP3, Acquired immune system, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cervical cancer, Tumour immunology, Female, business, Infiltration (medical), CD8
Abstract

Funder: Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (Z01 CP010124-21)., BACKGROUND: The host adaptive immune response helps determine which cervical HPV infections persist and progress to precancer and cancer, and systematic characterisation of T-cell infiltration would help inform key steps in cervical carcinogenesis. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted of infiltrating T-cells in normal cervix, low-grade lesions, high-grade lesions, and invasive cancers including epithelial, stromal, and total tissue and the following markers: CD3, CD4, CD8, FoxP3, CD25, and the CD4:CD8 ratio. An additional qualitative review summarised longitudinal data on associations between infiltrating T-cells and cervical disease persistence, regression, progression, or prognosis. RESULTS: There were fewer CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells in cervical lesions and more cells in cancers compared to normal epithelium. FoxP3 and CD25+ regulatory T-cell infiltration is high in persistent and precancerous lesions, and longitudinal data show improved outcomes with lower regulatory T-cell levels. CONCLUSIONS: Successful immune evasion may reduce T-cell infiltration in HPV infected and precancerous epithelium, while invasive cancers are highly immunogenic, and regulatory T-cell infiltration increases with cervical disease progression. Understanding these factors may have prognostic value and could aid in novel treatment development and clinical guidelines, but published data are highly heterogeneous and leave important gaps to be filled by future studies.

Published
2019

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