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This paper proposes a novel aviation CO 2 emissions reduction method by introducing a market-based incentive mechanism. An aviation carbon emissions prediction model is proposed to characterize both the microscopic flight dynamics and the macroscopic air traffic demand trend. Based on emissions prediction, a linear climate response model is applied to evaluate the environmental impact of the aviation carbon emissions. Finally, a market-based framework for aviation CO 2 emissions reduction is established based on a two-phase carbon trading model, which provides a piecewise charge method through emission taxation and cap-and-trade. A case study is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework using a real-world dataset from the Hefei Air Traffic Control Zone in China. Three scenarios are defined to describe the possible development speed of sustainable aviation fuel application in the future: not applied, medium-speed development, and high-speed development. The results show that the carbon peak will be reached in 2025 in the high-speed development scenario, when the emission amount and associated environmental impact will be reduced by 23.7% and 22.3%, respectively. Thus, the market-based framework proposed in this paper can effectively reduce aviation CO 2 emissions and mitigate the effects of global warming. • An aviation CO 2 emissions prediction model is proposed considering both microscopic flight dynamics and macroscopic traffic demand. • A more efficient market-based CO 2 emission reduction framework is developed based on a two-phase carbon trading model by means of taxation and cap-and-trade. • Case study shows that the proposed method has a more optimal incentive for CO 2 emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming currently implies two major problems for mankind: the need for a drastic diminution of greenhouse gas emissions on one hand, and the need to adapt to the climate change effects on the other hand. The CRESC Strategy emphasized the agricultural sector contribution to the greenhouse gas production by more than 15% of total greenhouse gases produced in our country, although in the last 25 years the greenhouse gases were down by half. In order to measure the impact of farming activities upon the environment, as well as the effects that the climate changes have upon agriculture and the sustainable development of the European rural area, sets of agroenvironmental indicators were established; these indicators were tested in Romania's case as well, with regard to the relevance for policy assessment, the response capacity, analytical base, data accessibility and measurability, interpretation facility and cost effectiveness. Following these studies, the conclusion was that only part of these indicators can be calculated, the remaining indicators being estimated by mathematic modelling, due to the great diversity of physical-geographic conditions and agricultural systems, which depend on a wide range of specific local characteristics. In the last 20 years countries like France, for instance, designed methods to measure the agroenvironmental indicators at farm level. Farmers' awareness and involvement is essential in the environment protection activity and the contribution that this activity can bring in the fight against climate change. The purpose of the paper is to test the DIALECT method on the Romanian farms, by a double approach, i.e. global and thematic, by the environmental components. The diagnosis has the capacity to measure the environment "value added", expressed by a better nitrogen and manure management, the way in which the conversion to organic farming takes place, which is the effect of the change in crop rotation, the way in which certain operations better optimize the use of own natural resources (soil, weather, biodiversity, etc.) and put a limit to the pressure on resources (water, energy, etc.), while other operations have a negative impact upon the local ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impact of political uncertainty on sustainable urban development by examining carbon emission trading systems (ETS) in four major markets in China (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, and Hubei) from 2014 to 2022. As an alternative to carbon taxes, carbon ETS markets have become increasingly popular due to their success in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, their effectiveness is often hindered by political instability and uncertainty. Utilising logistic regression and AR(1)-GARCH estimations, we identify a negative relationship between political uncertainty and carbon trading volume. Our study also reveals significant variations in the responses of these markets to political uncertainty. The paper contributes to the understanding of how ETS markets operate in a complex and constantly changing political environment. We suggest that policymakers need to consider the impact of political uncertainty on carbon trading when designing and implementing urban policies that promote sustainable development. Additionally, our research contributes to the development of urban policies that can be effectively implemented in both developed and developing regions. • Local government official turnovers are used as the measurement of political uncertainty. • Daily transaction data from four carbon ETS markets (Beijing, Shanghai, Hubei and Guangdong) in China • Considered the probability and proportion of zero transaction day • Logistic regression and AR(1)-GARCH estimations • A negative relationship between political uncertainty and carbon transaction volume [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2015 UN Paris Agreement reinforced and declared compatible the two goals of avoiding dire climate change and maintaining global economic growth, and it specified that technological innovation is ‘critical’ to this joint achievement. Unfortunately, any confidence that near-term global economic growth is consistent with a stabilized climate is severely undermined by empirical evidence. Despite the rapid increase of alternative energies in recent decades, global GDP growth continues to require burning greater quantities of climate-destabilizing fossil fuels. The dim outlook for sufficiently reducing CO2while maintaining economic growth is underscored by global data and Germany specific data on the decoupling of GDP from CO2. This paper summarizes pertinent climate science, substantiates the dependence of economic growth on fossil fuels, and uses the Kaya identity to demonstrate the unfavorable prospects for reducing CO2while maintaining GDP growth. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]