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Based on an intensive study of the most popular papers of the approximately 6,000 top-1% highly-cited (HC) researchers 2018 announced by Clarivate Analytics, the most HC papers in different fields of science in the interval 2001-11 reported by Web-of-Science (Thomson- Reuters), the top 100 most-HC ones ever; reported in 2014 by the same institute, and also the scientific backgrounds and career trends of the involved authors, we first analyze several major properties common in most such highly-influential papers that add something fundamentally new to their corresponding fields, taking them from a "zero" state in some domain to "one". These properties include importance of the paper topic in essence, firsthand approach to the problem it focuses on, notable improvement of the solution it offers for the problem compared to its existing counterparts, monopoly in some aspect, durability, proper timing, knowledgeable research team and availability of the required resources, effective presentation to the right audience, and; finally, perseverance. We next propose soft citation; an upgrade to the current citation standards, and then a problem-oriented interactive research model as a transformative complement for the state-of-the-art academic publishing system, that would expedite this zero to one transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exponential growth in social media has led to the increasing popularity of hate speech and hate-based propaganda. Hate speech or malicious expression refers to the use of offensive, violent, or offensive language and its religious conduct with a specific group of people who share a common property, such as gender, ethnicity, race, or beliefs. Online hate diffusion has now become a serious problem as it creates a series of international initiatives aimed at defining problems and developing effective countermeasures; this study delves into the exploration of the intention of hate speech posting on social media, especially on Twitter. Both dramaturgical models of social interaction and cultivation theory were used to explain the hate speech culture phenomenon. A qualitative method is proposed for this study as part of the exploration. Results revealed that most of the previous studies on hate speech focused on the field of computer science but rarely on the communication field. The paper presents the results of past studies and shows the new proposed framework. The investigation suggests future directions for the problem and possible solutions; it starts with the background of the research, the explanation of the problem, the meaning of the research, and pursuing the research questions and goals of the research before finally explaining the limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linebaugh draws from a wealth of contextual materials to flesh out the bare bones story of the Despards, arguing that much can be claimed about them with strong probability because it can be correlated to the locations and times of their lives. Dismissed from service and dogged by lawsuits of the "Baymen", Ned, along with Kate and their son James, went to London in 1790, where he was incarcerated in debtors' prison from 1792 until 1794. Peter Linebaugh, an acclaimed expert on eighteenth-century England, is unflinching in his ambitions for I Red Round Globe Hot Burning i : "This book in its quest for Edward and Catherine Despard, and in its quest for the meaning of Despard's last words, promises to vindicate his motives and bring their project, shared with [Robert] Emmet, out of its uninscribed obscurity" (65). [Extracted from the article]

Cognate object constructions (COCs) are known for their idiosyncratic properties in that they consist of an intransitive verb that takes an NP whose head is a verbal noun that is semantically and morphologically cognate to the verb. In Arabic literature, this topic is considered one of the understudied linguistic phenomena. Therefore, this paper attempts to contribute to the ongoing linguistic research by exploring COCs in one of the Arabic varieties, namely Najdi Arabic (NA). This paper illustrates the main properties that are shared by all COCs in NA. It also provides a theory-neutral description of the syntacticosemantic properties of one of the COC types, namely the particular event COC. In addition, it offers an analysis of the common core properties of all COCs and the syntactico-semantic properties of particular event COCs using the approach of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landscapes have been shaped and reshaped by humans to meet the changing needs of shifting subsistence strategies and demographic patterns. In the Mediterranean region, a widespread subsistence strategy that has left a major imprint is pastoralism, often tied with transhumance. Pastoralism and the associated tensions between pastoralists and settled agriculturalists have political and legal dimensions which are sometimes overlooked in mainstream accounts of national "patrimony". The rapid transformations of subsistence strategies witnessed in the twentieth century have changed pastoral landscapes in diverse ways. This paper focusses on the central Mediterranean archipelago of Malta to explore how the values and management of such landscapes require holistic assessment, taking into account the intangible practices and embedded legal rights and obligations that maintained these systems. While in Malta pastoralism has practically disappeared, its physical imprint persists in the form of a network of droveways, which was once a carefully regulated form of commons. Burgeoning demographic growth is erasing large tracts of the historic environment. Against this backdrop of contestation, this paper draws on interdisciplinary approaches to interrogate the shifting legal and historical narratives through which pastoral landscapes have been managed, in the process revealing how dominant epistemological and legal frameworks are also implicated in the erasure of these landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the economics literature on data as an economic good and draws lessons for data governance. We conclude that focusing on data as an economic good in governance efforts is hardwired to only result in more data production and cannot deliver other societal goals contrary to what is often claimed in the literature and policy. Data governance is often a red herring which distracts from other digital problems. The governance of digital society cannot rely exclusively on data-centric economic models. We review the literatures and the underlying empirical and political claims concerning data commons. While commons thinking is useful to frame digital problems in terms of ecologies, it has important limitations. We propose a political-ecological approach to governing the digital society, defined by ecological thinking about governance problems and the awareness of the political nature of framing the problems and mapping their ecological makeup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While land registration may increase the sense of security amongst landholders and provide a mechanism for resolving boundary disputes, its interaction with social, political-economic and ecological dynamics can actually generate conflicts by creating new opportunities by which some actors can assert claims or expand their landholdings, often at the expense of others. Conflicts over land cannot be understood without understanding the local dynamics with which they are intertwined. Drawing from case studies in the Amhara region of Ethiopia, this paper shows that, despite land registration and certification, there are widespread conflicts within and between households and state authorities regarding the usufruct of individual and communal lands. The paper argues that conflicts over land are complex and political and are linked to and embedded in the processes of commercialization, as well as in local social processes and power relations. These, in turn, influence and are shaped by the political economy of local governance and land administration processes, particularly in relation to the implementation of land registration. The paper highlights that land conflicts are attributed to a range of issues, including not only the challenges of governance in land registration but also population growth, commercialization, urbanization, inheritance and gender inequality, all of which intersect with corrupt land administration systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that there are value and design-based problems in current ambitions for the Metaverse. With the Metaverse deepening longstanding commercial surveillance practices, the paper focuses on data protection harms from biometric and emotion data, the gauging of first-person perspectives, and sensitivities around profiling of avatars. The paper advances two notions to address harms and data protection: surveillant physics and virtual realist governance. Surveillant physics refers to surveillance informing the laws of how that reality operates: this is a useful concept given the granular control that platforms have over virtual worlds and the laws by which they function. Virtual realist governance builds on the longstanding principle of virtual realism and David Chalmer’s recent theorising of Reality+ that demands that the virtual is taken to be real, meaning that experiences of virtual objects and what occurs in-world are treated as meaningful. The paper progresses to further consider governance questions, both around technical and ethical standards, but also data protection ideas such as personal data stores, and data trusts, that were not conceived as Metaverse-based ideas, but have greater chance of being realised as basic premises of the Metaverse are being designed. Although this paper is regretfully pessimistic, finding that a root problem of current ambitions for the Metaverse is that the public good and the commons are missing, it sees virtual realist scope for modes of resistance unseen in other digital realms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the social world of Contact Improvisation, the question of class relations remains conspicuous by its absence. Whilst ongoing debates in the global Contact Improvisation (CI) community and recent scholarship have foregrounded the problem of Whiteness, there have been few attempts to provide intersectional analyses of the racialised, classed subjectivation of contact dancers. To make such future enquiry possible, this paper dismantles originary CI myths about 'natural' movement, also attended to by Bojana Cvejić, and explores the question of social antagonism through analysing the dance form's discursive norms and movement vocabulary. As this essay argues, the contact dancer occupies a paradoxical subject position: between a neoliberal embrace of risk-taking and precarity, and a cruelly optimistic prefiguration of the commons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Area Development & Policy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper advances the thesis that democratic populism and the commons can and should complement each other in counter-hegemonic interventions promoting egalitarian and ecological democracy in our times. After elucidating its key terms, the article makes, first, a theoretical case for the combination of egalitarian, inclusionary populism and the commons by debunking arguments which highlight the conflicts between them and by explaining the political significance of their conjugation. Subsequently, discussion builds an empirical argument for the real possibility and the democratic promises of such a convergence by considering three ways in which populist politics and the commons merge and recompose each other in contemporary social movements, from the Spanish 15M and new municipalism to Occupy and other collective contestation in the Americas over the last two decades. These cases will illustrate how late social activism has effectively blended populist mobilization with the spirit of the commons, engendering a hybrid figure of 'common populism' that fosters grassroots processes of democratization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Navigating the complexities of nowadays cultural and political landscapes requires acknowledging the significant role emotions play in shaping cultural policy processes. This paper addresses this crucial issue by conducting a thorough examination of two distinct case studies: the EU Creative Europe programme, focusing on cultural participatory practices within the Audience Development (AD) priority, and the city context of Naples, during its "Season of the Commons" from 2012 to 2021. Through these case studies, this research delves into the intricate interplay between emotions, cultural policy, and political dynamics. Drawing from a multidisciplinary framework encompassing sociology, political science, and cultural studies, the analysis offers both theoretical insights and empirical evidence to define the concept of emotional clusters. These clusters represent a form of social adaptation in times of organic crisis, forming the foundation of novel and often unrecognized spaces of resistance that operate within the spectrum between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic realms. This work aims to critically reflect on the role of emotions in the tension between top-down cultural policymaking and bottomup cultural practices by scrutinizing the connection between emotional clusters and the empirical evolution of cultural policy processes. In doing so, it aspires to provide empirical analysis of emotions as a means to comprehend contemporary decision-making procedures in cultural and policy/political dynamics, while suggesting coordinates for viewing cultural policies as a lively political matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses issues pertaining to the future of work and sustainability through the lens of a case study of ecological deterioration and how it destroys and creates green jobs in a forest village of Istanbul. As elsewhere in major urban centres of developing countries, the hyper-expansion of city regions due to authoritarian developmentalism fosters the state-led construction sector in Turkey. Growth-driven economic policies continue to have adverse effects on the environment, resulting in deforestation among an array of ecological damage. Based on a qualitative analysis of oral history interviews and observations informed by a larger interdisciplinary research project, we observe resilience in the forest village under scrutiny as certain types of work are abandoned, and new forms are created by adaptation to the ecological and social conditions. The perceptions of changing conditions by locals vary across existing ethnic, gender, and class hierarchies in the local community. Moreover, our findings indicate that the types of work available in the village prior to urban transformation were not all decent or green. In face of ongoing ecological deterioration in a (formerly) forest community, participatory micro-initiatives, and grassroots, utilizing local community projects emerge that nevertheless pursue a green and just transition. We focus on one such initiative, the Community Fungi platform, to demonstrate the possibility of working towards a collective imagination of a green future inspired by past but unforgotten sustainable communal practices, in the context of the forest village under scrutiny in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Under Malaysian Law, the maintenance and management of common property have traditionally been viewed as insoluble challenges in the self-organisational efforts for high-rise low-cost housing developments. As the population increases, more shared resources become heavily exploited with few willing to contribute towards the sustainability of resources. Many researchers argued a better way would be to convert these shared resources into a private or state-managed entity. Hence, with that assumption, this paper aims to examine how better physical characteristics can result in greater collective action. Design/methodology/approach: This research paper adopted a quantitative method approach to determine how the standard of physical characteristics influenced the quality of collective action in high-rise low-cost housing. The method included a questionnaire survey of 519 parcel holders chosen via stratified purposeful random sampling from four high-rise low-cost housing areas. Findings: The paper found a positive correlation between the quality of physical characteristics and the collective action gained. The findings highlighted that the standard of workmanship of high-rise low-cost units (including the common properties), the crime rate in the neighbourhood and the condition of lift systems – when improved – were significant positive predictors of collective action. Practical implications: Housing developers should pay attention to the quality of both low-cost units and related common properties, as this endeavour will assist greatly in future collective action management. Originality/value: The study was justified in terms of its originality as few research studies adopted the social-ecological system framework that focused on the correlation between the quality of physical characteristics and the collective action of parcel holders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the probability distribution of an azimuth produced by inversing between a pair of points whose positions are given as planimetric Cartesian coordinates, eastings and northings. Planimetric azimuths (a.k.a. grid azimuths) are computed as the arctangent of the ratio of the differences of the eastings and the northings. We organize the paper as the solution to the following problem. The problem’s inputs are two survey points, A and B. The points are pairs of planimetric coordinates that are understood to follow a bivariate normal distribution, and the coordinates are correlated not only within each point but also between different points. The problem is to determine the most probable value and the standard deviation for the azimuth a from A to B. The exact arctangent distribution is derived, and it is shown to be bimodal under the circumstances common to land surveying; that is, the standard deviations of the coordinates are very small compared to the distance between the points. However, one of the modes is so small and located so remotely as to be negligible, leaving the distribution nearly normal. The distribution appears to have no algebraically closed-form solution, so its moments are computed using numeric integration and compared with those determined from the standard propagation-of-variance approximation. The results are presented graphically and they generally resemble total-station pointing errors, which is a similar problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The EU is currently facing an energy transition that is a process affecting entire regions and changing many aspects of reality. The European Green Deal assumes that the transition, which in its consequences may cause so-called "territorial stress,” should be fair, and that citizens and regions affected by the swap will not be left behind”. Energy poverty understood as a situation in which households are unable to access essential energy services and products, is most likely to affect less developed regions – especially coal mining areas in the near future post-mining areas. The goal of this paper is the analysis of adequate energy poverty indicators tailored for post-mining areas- based on the SITRANS project results. Design/methodology/approach: To begin, the review was performed using both the standard method of critical literature review, web-based literature research and a study of academic multidisciplinary databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar. The next step of the research was the mapping of the literature flow around energy transformation. For this mapping, the methodology of VOS-viewer has been used. The last part of the research was focused on indication analysis of adequate energy poverty indicators tailored for post-mining areas. Findings: It was shown that one of the most common approaches to defining energy poverty is to precise it as a situation in which households are unable to access essential energy services and products Additionally it was pointed out, that the ambitious goal of the EU is to be climate-neutral by 2050, an economy with net-zero greenhouse gas emissions requires multilevel and multidimensional changes, what it can cause so-called “territorial stress”. The transition to a decarbonized economy in the EU-27 is expected to result in the loss of approximately 76,000 jobs in coal mines and plants by 2025; the number is expected to double with more than 154,000 job losses projected by 2030. As such the negative effects of energy transformation can contribute to an increase in the level of energy poverty. The performed review indicated that to make sure that no one in this process would be left behind a Just Transition has been set up. At that point correlation between energy transformation, Just Transition and energy poverty has been indicated. It was indicated that energy transformation will affect less developed regions – especially coal mining areas in the near future post-mining areas. The finding of the paper is the proposal of energy poverty for the post-mining areas. Practical implications: The outcomes of the project are going to be used in the SITRANS project. The empirical research is to be conducted in coal regions of Western Macedonia in Greece, Silesia, Poland and Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. The results will allow us to estimate the level of energy poverty and as such will be a base for creating Roadmap for Energy Poverty Alleviation. Originality/value: The paper brings new to the science, as it introduces the energy poverty indicators for post-mining areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before rushing into regulating order-enabling computational technologies, is there a different way to think about them? What if power over what can be computed, translates to power over what can be decided? Can we then shape policies for the management of technologies that do not just 'take' power, but make it? By reviewing early work of network theorists and Internet scholars as well as literature on the governance of the commons, this paper argues that beyond market, states, and their hybrids and beyond private property and public sector regimes, there exists political space for social practices and transformative legal interventions that can give shape to radically different institutional actions for the management of the world's infocomputational resources. Programmable commons and the public value of programmability are thus introduced as parts of a broader political project that aspires to democratise access to, and management of these resources. By drawing on the history of a family of commons – namely intellectual commons, infrastructure commons, and global commons – this paper explores the material form and impact of infocomputational technologies and presents a blend of bottom-up and top-down initiatives for their commons-based organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional microwave design and fabrication techniques have been adopted into the terahertz domain. Understanding the properties of microwave dielectric materials at terahertz frequencies is critical for accurate component design. Nevertheless, terahertz properties for common microwave dielectric materials are largely unknown. Hence, this paper presents the relative permittivity, loss tangent, refractive index, and extinction coefficient for such materials, including microwave substrates and low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCCs), within the 0.1 to 3.5 THz range. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and a vector network analyzer produce accurate material parameter results. The material parameters presented in this paper serve as a valuable resource for component design at terahertz frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its introduction into China, the Internet is said to bring in a robust force of commons in cyberspace. Under the ideology of 'sharing' and 'free flow of information', the Internet is making good use of users' free labor and their personal data. The unique business model has become the foundation of digital commons in China. Furthermore, we could figure out the rise of the Internet in China has been following the similar 'illegal' model all the time, thus causing copyright infringement and other disputes accordingly. This paper traces the early ages of cyberspace in China, trying to figure out how the private-public mixed nature of the digital commons came into being and discusses relavant legal issues during the process, shedding a light on the unique relationship between mode of production tranformation and legal regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Landscape Architecture Frontiers is the property of Higher Education Press Limited Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Animal husbandry was of fundamental consequence in the planning and development of larger and more permanent communities. Pastoralism is often assumed to be highly mobile when considering social institutions and political formations, despite the diversity of husbandry practices that are either wholly, or largely, tethered to relatively sedentary social aggregations. Key tenets of more settled animal husbandry are intensive social relations between people, and between people, animals, and landscapes. This entails reciprocal, multispecies cooperative efforts to decide how to utilize pastoral resources, choose where to settle, and how to organize settlements with an eye for the animals. Yet, scholars have rarely considered how the logistics and social dynamics of pastoralism shaped the transition to sedentism and, particularly, the development of collective forms of governance in prehistory. In this paper, we re-center pastoralism in narratives of settling down, in order to recognize the critical ways that relations with animals shaped how humans learned to move and dwell in emergent grazing landscapes. We take an institutional approach to the concept of "the commons," demonstrating the dynamics through 19thcentury Irish rundale, then draw on case studies from Southern Scandinavia and the Carpathian Basin to consider the commons as a multispecies institution which resulted in variable sociopolitical formations of the European Bronze Age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let k be a field, let n ≥ 2 be a nonsquarefree integer not divisible by the characteristic of k. Assume that all roots of unity of degree n are contained in k. In the first part of the paper we consider pairs of symbol algebras over k with common slots D 1 ≃ (e , x) n ≃ (r , u) n , D 2 ≃ (e , y) n ≃ (r , v) n , exp D 1 = exp D 2 = n , and show that in general (e , x , y) n ≠ (r , u , v) n. As a consequence we prove that in general it is impossible to connect the pair { (e , x) n ; (e , y) n } and the pair { (r , u) n ; (r , v) n } by a chain of pairs of symbol algebras with a common slot and isomorphic to (D 1 ; D 2) in such a way that any two neighboring pairs in the chain are obtained from one another by a "natural" transformation. In the second part of the paper we prove that in contrast to the case n = 2 for any n divisible by 4 there exist symbol algebras D 1 , D 2 with deg ⁡ D 1 = deg ⁡ D 2 = n and exp D 1 = exp D 2 = n without common slot such that i D 1 + j D 2 is a symbol algebra of degree n for any i , j ∈ Z. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arte, Individuo y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.) is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The last three decades have seen waves of coastal development paradigms, the most recent being that of ‘blue economy’ and ‘blue growth’ — terms used in conjunction with sustainable development. The blue economy paradigm has its share of discontents across Indian Ocean nations who resist further commodification of coastal spaces and its perverse outcomes in the garb of sustainability. Community-based conservation, citizen mapping of traditional tenure arrangements over coastal commons are emerging counter-strategies in India, to prevent land alienation, and coastal and oceanic ‘grab’. The paper does a reflexive assessment of a case of citizen mapping of coastal commons as a legal pluralistic conservation engagement from India. It examines the effectiveness of such localised collaborative civil society exercises against systemic shifts in coastal protection regimes. It details beneficial practices and knowledge generated by such citizen mapping exercises with reflexive insights for civil society actors. It also critically examines the limitations of such civil society efforts constrained by fixed coastal governance frameworks. The paper argues that Indian coastal regulation law’s built-in iniquities motivate as well as limit civil society efforts to democratise coastal governance. Local actors’ capabilities and social positions themselves further cramp the utility of legal options, making the alienation of the commons all too commonplace under neoliberal environmental governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Naturaleza y Sociedad. Desafíos Medioambientales is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

I illustrate the formative process of John R. Commons' price movement theory. To characterize his theoretical development, I propose a framework, "income approach," in which the change in collective expectation leads to a change in the amount of income, first as bank credit and then as price movement. Further, I illustrate his theoretical development as the framework's formation. Compared with his 1890s papers, his 1923 papers show significant theoretical progress. His reading of Ralph G. Hawtrey, the pioneer of the income approach, may have contributed to this progress. Subsequently, by elaborating on an explanation for the continuously falling prices during the Great Depression, Commons finally established his comprehensive income approachs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the intersection of urban art and community gardens to explore whether commons can emerge from this collaboration. Through a comparative study of two community garden projects in Berlin and Dakar, the research examines the impact of funding structures, accessibility, artistic concepts and design on commoning. It is motivated by the popular use of the term 'commons' in contemporary art discourse that raises concerns of potential 'commons-washing.' The findings reveal that the two projects differ significantly in their development context and underlying structures, which affects their ability to function as commons. While central Berlin lacks non-consumer, ecological spaces for inclusive interactions due to its gentrification, Dakar's open spaces neglected by the city are in need of being reclaimed by the local community. The analysis highlights the challenges of limited accessibility connected to such city contexts. Furthermore, the paper argues, that the dependency of artistic involvement on third-party funding contradicts the principles of commoning. The two projects share a common goal of unlearning exploitative practices and promoting eco-socially cohesive communities. For the artistic forms, materials, and strategies employed in both projects contribute to intercultural dialogue and conflict negotiation at eye level within the communal setting. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need to explore alternative funding models and question traditional processes of art to ensure the genuine realization of urban commons. The integration of artistic imagination with the collective mentality of community gardens holds promise for the emergence of future commons that prioritize shared resources and equal participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cementation exponent or factor is one of most crucial factors in the Archie's equations that should be estimated precisely in order to accurately determine relevant petrophysical characteristics of the reservoir. Inaccurate estimation of this factor leads to incorrect petrophysical analysis and inaccurate determination of water saturation which is highly important for the economic forecasting of hydrocarbon reservoirs. An alternative to the cementation factor precise estimation is to classify rocks based on a common petrophysical property such as permeability. This research aims to investigate the cementation factor in different rock types and eventually to provide a suitable model for estimating this parameter based on different approaches of rock classification. In this paper, first, conventional methods of rock classification (e.g., current zone indicator (CZI), flow zone indicator (FZI), permeability and electrical efficiency) have been used for cementation factor estimation. Then, the data, taken from Regnet et al. (J Geophys Res Solid Earth 120:790–811, 2015), have been analyzed by these methods in order to find the best way of rock classification. The analyzed data show that only electrical efficiency method is accurate enough to classify rocks into different groups as high values of determination coefficient (i.e., 0.9828 and 0.9725) are obtained as a result of classification by this method in which the data are classified into distinct groups. The obtained values of determination coefficient as a result of classification by permeability, FZI and CZI methods are 0.805, 0.809 and 0.7568 respectively. Due to this result and high scattering of the classified data, it can be concluded that these three methods have not been precise enough for rock classification of the data. In addition to the above-mentioned existing methods, a new rock classification method based on tortuosity coefficient or factor has also been proposed in this paper. This new method has been proven to be accurate due to low scattering of the data results and falling them into distinct groups in addition to obtaining high values of determination coefficient (i.e., 0.9996, 0.9986 and 0.9951) in the classification by this new method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enactment, monitoring, and enforcement of rules play a crucial role in determining the success of self-organisation in common properties within high-rise housing developments. However, maladaptation to these rules can arise from diverse factors such as the parcel holders' backgrounds, history, norms, and culture, leading to disrepair or the emergence of urban slums. This study examines two key issues: the influence of rules on the self-organisation of common properties, particularly in high-rise apartments, and the occurrence of maladaptation due to the forced relocation of urban squatters to new environments. Employing a mixed-method approach involving a questionnaire survey, interviews, and field observations, the findings underscore the significant impact of rules on self-organisation in high-rise housing. Furthermore, the forced relocation of urban squatters to unfamiliar environments comes at a heavy cost. The paper advocates heightened attention to soft human infrastructure, placemaking, and the introduction of commoning as a social practice to enhance adaptation to new living environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.) is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wood is an orthotropic material used since ancient time. A literature research about the mechanical properties of density, fracture toughness, modulus of elasticity, and Poisson's ratio has been done to have a broader view on the subject. The publications relating to the topic were found through the two search engines Scopus and Google Scholar that have yielded several papers, including articles and book sections. In general, there is no standardization on the method of analysis carried out on wood, underlining the great difficulty in studying this complex material. The parameter of density has a great variability and needs a deeper investigation; fracture toughness is not always available in literature, not even in the different directions of the wood sample. Interesting is the modulus of elasticity, which provides a correlation with density, especially in longitudinal section but, again, it needs to be studied in detail. The parameter of Poisson's ratio is provided as single values in three different directions, but mainly for softwood. All the parameters require a more in-depth study for both softwood and hardwood. Furthermore, the type of analysis, whether experimental or modelling, needs to be standardized to have more comparable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to survey how research data are governed at repositories in Japan by deductively establishing a governance typology based on the concept of openness in the context of knowledge commons and empirically assessing the conformity of repositories to each type. Design/methodology/approach: The fuzzy-set ideal type analysis (FSITA) was adopted. For data collection, a manual assessment was conducted with all Japanese research data repositories registered on re3data.org. Findings: The typology constructed in this paper consists of three dimensions: openness to resources (here equal to research data), openness to a community and openness to infrastructure provision. This paper found that there is no case where all dimensions are open, and there are several cases where the resources are closed despite research data repositories being positioned as a basis for open science in Japanese science and technology policy. Originality/value: This is likely the first construction of the typology and application of FSITA to the study of research data governance based on knowledge commons. The findings of this paper provide practitioners insight into how to govern research data at repositories. The typology serves as a first step for future research on knowledge commons, for example, as a criterion of case selection in conducting in-depth case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progressives the world over cherish high hopes in the development of institutions for collective actions. Among these institutions, commons have a long history in western Europe. While a new institutional economics emerged in the 1960s, commons were not taken seriously in postwar economics before the seminal work of Elinor Ostrom in the late 1980s. How can we explain this belated integration of commons in economics? In this paper, we trace some of the origins of the neoclassical comparative institutional analysis. By advocating an institutional comparison in terms of the costs or the value of production under alternative allocations of property rights, Ronald Coase contributed to the narrow theoretical approach taken by new institutional economists. In the late 1960s, neoclassical economists who came to be interested in environmental questions dismissed commons as inefficient solutions to allocation problems. Within this narrow framework, the private enterprise system more often than not was hailed as the best alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging in the mid-2010s, the Foundational Economy has been heralded as 'a compelling counter-project against neoliberalism' and 'an alternative pathway ... [for] progressive political renewal'. Grounded in a review of cross-disciplinary debates, this paper introduces the concept of the Foundational Economy and places it in relation to heterodox geographic theories of socio-economic development such as the 'social economy' and 'diverse economies' literature. Whilst there are clear overlaps, the concept of the Foundational Economy can be distinguished through its commitment to (a) a zonal perspective; (b) a focus on maximalist social innovations; and (c) the reconstitution of citizenship. In radical combination, it is argued that the lens of the Foundational Economy facilitates 'a trenchant critique and denaturalization of current conditions, in tandem with creative explorations of the political economy of alternatives'. The paper concludes by reflecting on current oversights and future research trajectories for Foundational Economy research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal frameworks for communal land rights in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania are now gaining momentum. Questions can be raised as to whether, how, and to what extent these frameworks take into account the disadvantages of formalising tenure and the complexities of pastoral resources. In this paper, we consider the impact of these challenges on the formalisation of communal ownership, beginning with an overview of how commons theory has influenced land governance policies and how it is applied to pastoral systems. We identify the main challenges that land policy interventions in East Africa face and ways in which the conceptual models of shared property rights embodied in current land tenure regimes are not well adapted to the socio-ecological characteristics of some rangeland landscapes. We argue that policy interventions capable of overcoming the paradox of pastoral tenure and strengthening tenure security while addressing herders' needs for mobility and flexibility will often involve the progressive recognition of layers of sometimes overlapping rights, rather than attempts to subdivide landscapes into simple mosaics of discrete communal territories. This paper is based on an analysis of the legal frameworks for land tenure in the three countries and a review of the literature on pastoralism and land governance in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early 1800s, a water conflict occurred in a community named the Fukuzuka Ring Levee on the Noubi Plain, Japan. Upper villages required artesian wells for irrigation and domestic uses, but lower villages did not welcome them because drainage from the wells caused impoundment damage to their paddy fields. The Kabu-ido system was a set of rules, including regulation of the number of wells per village, introduced to de-escalate the conflict. Under the system, groundwater uses were controlled not by external authority, but by the community residents themselves. This paper has two purposes. First, it reconstructs the daily operations of the Kabu-ido system, principally by referring to surviving local diaries, to describe hitherto unknown details regarding the management of groundwater by local people 200 years ago. The diaries show that well managers, selected from residents, regulated the use of wells using various tools, including permission and surprise inspection. Second, this paper evaluates to what extent self-imposed numerical regulation was successful by checking the number of wells listed in village expenditure notes. The documents indicate that regulation did not always work. The factors underlying this are considered using the analytical framework from the commons studies. Analysis shows that, while institutional arrangements of the Kabu-ido system, such as well management with keys, rules of joint responsibility, and the prohibition of indoor wells, work positively in enforcing numerical regulation by lowering the costs of monitoring for unauthorized wells, the natural characteristics of groundwater and climate conditions such as sudden drought work negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural revitalization has multiple strategic significance, including improving the capacity of circular development of villages and towns, meeting the basic material needs of the rural population accounting for more than 50% of China's total population, feeding the urban demand back, and building the rural ecological environment to make it green and livable, worthy of attention both inside and outside the society. This paper summarized the low-interference cycle strategy of green livable villages and towns by analyzing the spatial composition of villages and towns and the mechanism of circulation among various elements, forming a set of design strategies, which reduces adverse human interference on the ecology and improves the self-sustaining ability of villages and towns. This paper provides relevant reference suggestions for the construction of green livable villages and towns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This work aims to analyze flocks' management practices and sheep breeders' perceptions of the impact of climate change to enhance the resilience of the sheep production systems in the Tunisian semi-arid region. The results revealed three main sheep production systems: the agro-pastoral rain-fed system (AGPRF), the agro-pastoral irrigated system (AGPI), and the agro-sylvo-pastoral system (AGSP). Each production system is characterized by specific management and productive parameters that are used by farmers to build resilience actions. However, farmers' climate change perceptions are mostly the same across the three sheep production systems: a decrease in precipitation and an increase in temperatures and extreme events, which negatively influence feedstuff availability and costs. Global climate change inflicts unambiguous risks on agricultural systems and food security. Small ruminants are known for their ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. This paper aims to characterize sheep production systems in a vulnerable agricultural zone and the breeders' perceptions of climate change to apprehend challenges that they are confronting, and formulate resilience actions. The data analysis is based on 94 semi-structured surveys of sheep farmers carried out in the Tunisian semi-arid region. The PCA analysis results revealed three main sheep production systems. The agro-pastoral rain-fed system (AGPRF) is dominant (55%), with large farms and common pastures integrating cereals and fodder. The agro-pastoral irrigated system (AGPI: 20%) is characterized by small-area and forage irrigation (1.8 ha) and a smaller number of ewes but a greater use of animal feed supplementation. The agro-sylvo-pastoral system (AGSP: 25%) is a system where grazing is based on common lands and using tree sub-products, while the agricultural area is exclusively used to cultivate cereal crops. Sheep breeders' climate perceptions are summarized as unpredictable climate events, a decrease in precipitation, and an increase in temperature. Resilience actions principally consist of reducing flocks' numbers, using alternative local feed, fodder, and water resources, and building more shelters and planting more trees in the grazing areas. Nevertheless, cost-effectiveness should be considered in such vulnerable zones to insure the sheep production systems' sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With public concerns about fostering the inclusion of women, especially those with low socio-economic status, governments and private entities have started to develop collaborative strategies to improve women's development. One such strategy is collaborations with sharing economy entities, which are online platforms that provide entrepreneurship opportunities for individuals despite geographical and structural barriers. This paper draws on Ostrom's concept of the commons to explore how to foster the inclusion of women as entrepreneurs in the sharing economy through collaboration. Thematic analysis reveals the nature and outcomes of policies geared towards women's development. While previous studies on the sharing economy have noted that the top-down nature of its operations has resulted in individualised gains, this paper highlights the collaboration within these settings – leading to individual and mutual monetary and non-monetary benefits – stemming from a shared digital and traditional commons with context-based ideologies and stakeholder actions. This paper gives practitioners a clear understanding of how they can successfully support and create a context for women's entrepreneurship in the age of digitisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]