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In this review paper efforts are made to present the Impact of COVID-19 on various economic activities like production, consumption and distribution. This is known to everyone that COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease) spreadout in December 2019 from Wuhan in China and effected a lot of countries resulting in death of many. Therefore, to minimise the risk, many countries opted lockdown as a precaution to control its spread which effected the lives of ordinary people as well as the economy as a whole, GDP, Functions of Economy and a lot of activities were effected very badly. It had a huge impact on the consumption pattern of population as well as supply chains and production of various goods and services were also impacted as transportation was at halt and movement of people, products, services etc. was not possible from one place to another. There was a heavy down in employment, production, distribution and other activities as well. Hence, this paper will help the readers know the collective impact along with the sector wise effect of COVID-19 on various economic activities. For better understanding we have taken three major economic activities that is Production, Consumption and distribution. Along with these the basic introduction of COVID-19, lockdown and its impact on economy is stated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2019n-CoV has swept the whole world, people's daily life is affected seriously and the public space system is facing to major challenges. Community public space should be re-evaluated and optimized as people change the way they use it. This research conducted a nationwide questionnaire survey in China, which collected the opinions of residents on community public space from the perspective of epidemic prevention and social needs to select research indicators. The questionnaire data were processed through the frequency analysis method, precedence chart and TOPSIS. We found: (1) under the background of the epidemic, people pay more attention to the satisfaction of leisure activities in community public space and the control of social spacing during activities; (2) the current assessment result of community public space risk of 2019-nCoV exposure is 0.386, which is relatively high; and (3) the exposure risk of the community can be effectively reduced by controlling for the two indicators of social distance and social facility sterilization. When the social distance is 1.8–3 m and the facility sterilization is once a day, the community public space minimizes exposure risk. In view of the above results, this paper selects the Wuhan start-up area of Wuhan, China, as an example for carrying out the optimization design of community public space based on the epidemic and the design the space optimization model for the two indicators of social distance and facility disinfection from both software and hardware aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease characterized by severe respiratory infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 was first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and then rapidly became a global pandemic from a local outbreak. The present study aims to present the rapid increase of scientific productivity on COVID-19 by comparing publications of the first quarter with the first half of 2020. Materials and Methods: Web of Science (WoS) software was used for the search and the analysis. To compare scientific productivity of two periods as the first quarter and the first half of the pandemic era, all scientific papers published about COVID-19 included in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) from January 1st to April 5th and from January 1st to July 9th of 2020 were searched using the following terms: "COVID-19","2019-n-CoV","SARS-CoV-2","Coronavirus disease 19" and "2019 novel coronavirus" as nomenclatures of COVID-19. Results: Overall, 337 and 11.704 scientific papers related to COVID-19, indexed by SCI-E, were found in the first quarter and the first half of 2020, respectively. While the biggest contribution for publications was from People's Republic of China (PRC) in the first quarter and was from the USA in the first half of 2020 for COVID-19. Conclusion: We found a close correlation between the rapid acceleration of scientific papers and turning the disease from a local outbreak to a global pandemic. Since sharing experiences is as important as struggling with these kinds of novel diseases, we believe that encouraging researchers to make scientific publications for others is more important than ever in the circumstances like this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the reactions of domestic helpers to the Wuhan (Hubei Province) lockdown that began on January 23, 2020. We use a novel dataset containing the information of over 40,000 Chinese domestic helpers registered on a leading professional website from November 2019 to June 2020. The results indicate a declining pattern of short-term labor supply of domestic helpers across 11 major Chinese cities, which shows an increase in the expected monthly wage of domestic helpers in these cities. More importantly, using a difference-in-difference (DID) model, this paper provides some evidence on the existence of labor market discrimination against domestic helpers born in Hubei Province due to employers' fear of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When COVID-19 broke out in Wuhan in 2019, the world looked at it as a 'Chinese' disease and no international efforts were made to assist China. Countries that supported China just offered solidarity messages. China adopted a raft of measures that included prescribing a lockdown on Wuhan and construction of infrastructure such as hospitals. In 2020, COVID-19 extended its tentacles across the globe. A majority of countries adopted the lockdown as a mitigatory measure. The lockdown activated an extraordinary instant emergency in the education sector as schools, colleges and universities shut down. What worsened the situation was that no solution was in sight as the medical researchers dithered from one suggestion to the other. This paper examines possible ways to deal with the emergency in the education sector by suggesting alternative learning solutions. The major argument of this paper is that countries should not simply copy and paste solutions that are not in sync with their local settings. Using the multistage designs sampling technique, three universities from a target of eighteen were selected. Convenience sampling was used to select the three universities and analytic rubrics were used to analyse clarity of policy and disaster preparedness by universities in Zimbabwe. For comparative purposes, four international webinars on education and COVID-19 were selected. This paper contributes towards addressing the lacunae created by global lockdown and subsequent shutdown of learning institutions due to COVID-19. The findings were that the lockdown approach was adopted and implemented without adaptation. Learning institutions were closed indefinitely despite the economic environment, the digital divide and the rural-urban divide militating against lockdown's entire adoption. Key proposals to deal with the lockdown include scaling up distance education based on mixed technologies, a paradigm shift on perceptions on digital education and resuscitation of postal services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general remit of this paper is the role of wildlife trade in pathogen spillover. Its underlying assumption is that, so far from being the exclusive domain of the life sciences, the study of pathogen spillover will be greatly enhanced by multi-perspectival approaches, including One Health and those employed here, namely, non-speciesist green criminology and critical animal studies. The paper moves from discussions of zoonosis, anthroponosis and wildlife trade to the emergence of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. The paper recommends the abolition of all wildlife trade and the reclamation of wildlife habitat and broaches discussion of the extension of legal personhood to wild animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2019, a group of people in Wuhan city of Hubei province of China were found to be affected by an infection called dark etiology pneumonia. The outbreak of this pneumonia infection was declared a deadly disease by the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention on January 9, 2020, named Novel Coronavirus 2019 (nCoV-2019). This nCoV- 2019 is now known as COVID-19. There is a big list of infections of this coronavirus which is present in the form of a big family. This virus can cause several diseases that usually develop with a serious problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 2019-nCoV has been placed as the modern generation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses, so COVID-19 can repeatedly change its internal genome structure to extend its existence. Understanding and accurately predicting the mutational properties of the genome structure of COVID-19 can forma good leadership role in preventing and fighting against coronavirus. In this research paper, an analytical approach has been presented which is based on the k-means cluster technique of machine learning to find the clusters over the mutational properties of the COVID-19 viruses' complete genome. This method would be able to act as a promising tool to monitor and track pathogenic infections in their stable and local genetics/hereditary varieties. This paper identifies five main clusters of mutations with k = 5 as best in most cases in the coronavirus that could help scientists and researchers develop disease control vaccines for the transformation of coronaviruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thee coronavirus which appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan has spread out worldwide and caused the death of more than 330,000 people (as of May 29, 2020, submission date for the present article). Since February 2020, doubts were raised about the numbers of confirmed cases and deaths reported by the Chinese government. In this paper, we examine data available from China at the city and provincial levels and we compare them with Canadian provincial data, US state data and French regional data. We consider cumulative and daily numbers of confirmed cases and deaths and examine these numbers through the lens of their first two digits and in particular we measure departures of these first two digits to the Newcomb-Benford distribution, often used to detect frauds. Our finding is that there is no evidence that cumulative and daily numbers of confirmed cases and deaths for all these countries have different first or second digit distributions. We also show that the Newcomb-Benford distribution cannot be rejected for these data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is urgently looking for ways to flatten the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) curve, and many governments have resorted to implementing strict lockdowns, as researchers show the effectiveness of China's approaches in containing the virus. However, this paper argues that the draconian lockdowns instituted in Wuhan, Hubei, China, may have actually contributed to intensifying patient surges and incapacitating local health systems. Medical aids were rushed to Hubei and new hospitals were rapidly built, however, the healthcare system was still unable to match the staggering increase of patients in the early stages of the lockdowns. The paper proposes using patient evacuation to enhance sustainable COVID-19 mitigation during lockdowns. It demonstrates that patients in Hubei could have been transported to other Chinese provinces where hospitals were under-utilized. This could have theoretically saved thousands of lives by reducing inequities between Hubei and the rest of China in healthcare capacity for treating COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a recent online survey combined with city-level data, this paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 on consumers' online food purchase behavior in the short term. To address the potential endogeneity issues, we adopt an instrumental variable (IV) strategy, using the distance from the surveyed city to Wuhan as the instrumental variable. We show that our IV method is effective in minimizing potential bias. It is found that the share of confirmed COVID-19 cases increases the possibility of consumers purchasing food online. This is more likely to be the case for young people having a lower perceived risk of online purchases and living in large cities. Despite some limitations, this paper has policy implications for China and other countries that have been influenced by the COVID-19 epidemic. Specifically, government support and regulation should focus on (i) ensuring the safety of food sold on the internet, (ii) protecting the carrier from becoming infected, and (iii) providing financial support to the poor since they may have difficulties in obtaining access to food living in small cities. Moreover, how to help those who are unable to purchase food online because of their technical skills (e.g., the elderly who are not familiar with smart phones or the internet) also deserves more attention for the government and the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper used meta-regression to analyze the heterogenous factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) in China under the COVID-19 crisis. Method: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Medrxiv and pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the prevalence rates, and ran meta-regression to tease out the key sources of the heterogeneity. Results: The meta-regression results uncovered several predictors of the heterogeneity in prevalence rates among published studies, including severity (e.g., above severe vs. above moderate, p < 0.01; above moderate vs. above mild, p < 0.01), type of mental symptoms (PTSD vs. anxiety, p = 0.04), population (frontline vs. general HCWs, p < 0.01), sampling location (Wuhan vs. Non-Wuhan, p = 0.04), and study quality (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The meta-regression findings provide evidence on the factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) to guide future research and evidence-based medicine in several specific directions. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display%5frecord.php?RecordID=220592, identifier: CRD42020220592. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bacterial infection in the lungs can cause viral pneumonia, a disease. Later the middle of December 2019, there have been multiple episodes of pneumonia in Wuhan City, China, with no known cause; it has since been discovered that this pneumonia is actually a new respiratory condition brought on by coronavirus infection. Humans who have lung abnormalities are more likely to develop high-risk conditions; this risk can be decreased with much quicker and more effective therapy. The symptoms of Covid-19 pneumonia are similar to those of viral pneumonia; they are not distinctive. X-ray or Computed Tomography (CT) scan images are used to identify lung abnormalities. Even for a skilled radiologist, it might be challenging to identify Covid-19/Viral pneumonia by looking at the X-ray images. For prompt and effective treatment, accurate diagnosis is essential. In this epidemic condition, delayed diagnosis can cause the number of cases to double, hence a suitable tool is required is necessary for the early identification of Covid-19. This paper highlights various AI techniques as a part of our contribution to swift identification and curie Covid-19 to front-line corona. The safety of Covid-19 people who have viral pneumonia is a concern. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), two AI technologies from Deep Learning (DL), were utilized to identify Covid-19/Viral pneumonia. The Algorithm is taught utilizing non-public local hospitals or Covid-19 wards, as well as X-ray images of healthy lungs, fake lungs from viral pneumonia, and ostentatious lungs from Covid-19 that are all publicly available. The model is also validated over a lengthy period of time using the transfer learning technique. The results correspond with clinically tested positive Covid-19 patients who underwent Swap testing conducted by medical professionals, giving us an accuracy of 78 to 82 percent. We discovered that each DL model has a unique expertise after testing the various models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the global pandemic of COVID-19, with the epidemic epicenter located in the Wuhan City, China, patients with severe mental illness have also been deeply affected by the epidemic. In this paper, two patients with schizophrenia who recovered from COVID-19 were reported. Because of the long-term positive results of the SARS-CoV-2 serum antibody IgM test, they had to undergo medical isolation and social restrictions for a long time. After the situation was effectively identified by the medical staff and they were eliminated as a potential virus carrier and released from the medical isolation center. Since psychiatrists often lack systematic knowledge of infectious diseases, the authors hope that this paper can provide a reference to avoid unnecessary wastage of medical resources and prevent placing serious mental burden on such patients in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is started from Wuhan (City in China), and is rapidly spreading among people living in other countries. Today, around 215 countries are affected by COVID-19 disease. WHO announced approximately number of cases 11,274,600 worldwide. Due to rapidly rising cases daily in the hospitals, there are a limited number of resources available to control COVID-19 disease. Therefore, it is essential to develop an accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 disease. Early diagnosis of COVID-19 patients is important for preventing the disease from spreading to others. In this paper, we proposed a deep learning based approach that can differentiate COVID- 19 disease patients from viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, and healthy (normal) cases. In this approach, deep transfer learning is adopted. We used binary and multi-class dataset which is categorized in four types for experimentation: (i) Collection of 728 X-ray images including 224 images with confirmed COVID-19 disease and 504 normal condition images (ii) Collection of 1428 X-ray images including 224 images with confirmed COVID-19 disease, 700 images with confirmed common bacterial pneumonia, and 504 normal condition images. (iii) Collections of 1442 X- ray images including 224 images with confirmed COVID-19 disease, 714 images with confirmed bacterial and viral pneumonia, and 504 images of normal conditions (iv) Collections of 5232 X- ray images including 2358 images with confirmed bacterial and 1345 with viral pneumonia, and 1346 images of normal conditions. In this paper, we have used nine convolutional neural network based architecture (AlexNet, GoogleNet, ResNet-50, Se-ResNet-50, DenseNet121, Inception V4, Inception ResNet V2, ResNeXt-50, and Se-ResNeXt-50). Experimental results indicate that the pre trained model Se-ResNeXt-50 achieves the highest classification accuracy of 99.32% for binary class and 97.55% for multi-class among all pre-trained models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 outbreak initiated from the Chinese city of Wuhan and eventually affected almost every nation around the globe. From China, the disease started spreading to the rest of the world. After China, Italy became the next epicentre of the virus and witnessed a very high death toll. Soon nations like the USA became severely hit by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The World Health Organisation, on 11th March 2020, declared COVID-19 a pandemic. To combat the epidemic, the nations from every corner of the world has instituted various policies like physical distancing, isolation of infected population and researching on the potential vaccine of SARS-CoV-2. To identify the impact of various policies implemented by the affected countries on the pandemic spread, a myriad of AI-based models have been presented to analyse and predict the epidemiological trends of COVID-19. In this work, the authors present a detailed study of different artificial intelligence frameworks applied for predictive analysis of COVID-19 patient record. The forecasting models acquire information from records to detect the pandemic spreading and thus enabling an opportunity to take immediate actions to reduce the spread of the virus. This paper addresses the research issues and corresponding solutions associated with the prediction and detection of infectious diseases like COVID-19. It further focuses on the study of vaccinations to cope with the pandemic. Finally, the research challenges in terms of data availability, reliability, the accuracy of the existing prediction models and other open issues are discussed to outline the future course of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China, turned into a pandemic in record time. Communication of disease presentation and mechanism of spread remain keys to getting ahead of the virus and limiting its spread beyond the capacity of management. Owing to huge academic focus and pandemic concern around the globe, this bibliometric analysis investigated research productivity related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic using the Web of Science database. The relevant data were harvested, and search query was further refined by publication years (2020 OR 2019) and document types (article, book chapter, and proceedings paper). Finally, 6694 records were imported and downloaded in Plaintext and BibTeX formats on August 1, 2020. The data analysis was performed using MS Excel, VOS viewer, and Biblioshiny software. Of the 6694 publications that appeared in that period, the USA and Chinese research institutions topped the numbers. At the same time, the Journal of Medical Virology and CUREUS (Cureus Journal of Medical Science), remained favorite journals for publications. The pattern of multi-author publications has outstripped that of single-authors. Apart from COVID-19 and the novel coronavirus, the important keywords mentioned included pandemic, pneumonia, epidemiology, public health, outbreak, epidemic, China, infection, and treatment. The analysis shows a strong local research response from China, with large teams reporting on the disease outbreak. Subsequent studies will document a global response as the virus spreads worldwide. The initial research related to the current coronavirus outbreak was reported from within China. The data and patterns were supposed to alter as the virus spread globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Chinese migrants who had returned to their hometowns for the Spring Festival before the Wuhan lockdown, using data from a recent nationally representative survey. The study finds that women migrants were less likely than men migrants to return to the cities and also less likely to return to paid work after the pandemic outbreak. It also finds that having a preschool-age child had a strong negative effect on women migrants' employment decisions, but it had no effect on men migrants' decisions. These results expand the literature on the economic vulnerabilities of Chinese migrant workers. More importantly,~the findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a setback in the~progress made in pre-pandemic times in advancing Chinese rural women's position in the labor market. HIGHLIGHTS The COVID-19 pandemic had negative employment consequences for Chinese migrant workers. Women migrants were the hardest hit and more likely to withdraw from migration flows and paid work. Women's caregiving roles and employment in face-to-face services are the main causes of their withdrawal. The pandemic has reinforced traditional gender roles and heightened labor market inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study how China's stock market reacts to the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, particularly to the announcement of the pandemic lockdown. In general, we observe reversals both at the industry level and at the firm level due to investors' overreactions to the pandemic lockdown. For industry- and firm-level stocks with positive cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) in the event window when Wuhan was locked down, the reversals are stronger. Thus, the reversal effects are mostly driven by industries and stocks that positively overreact to COVID-19 than do others. Further investigation shows that overreactions are stronger for stocks with lower institutional ownership, which means that retail investors react more strongly to COVID-19. Among stocks with positive CARs in the event window, those with higher idiosyncratic volatilities and lower book-to-market ratios tend to have worse performance after one month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 pandemic started in Wuhan in December 2019 and then spread to the rest of China and the world. This paper examines the relationship between inter-provincial migration and the diffusion of covid-19 outbreak in Mainland China from 26 January to 6 March 2020. Statistical analysis shows that the migrants who moved into Hubei in 2010–2015 are a good indicator of the population flow from Hubei to other provinces that caused the spread of covid-19 in early 2020. Many migrants traveled back to hometown before the traffic ban of Wuhan city for the spring holiday. Thus, the migration flow from a province to Hubei in the period 2010–2015 had the highest correlation coefficient with the number of covid-19 cases in four selected dates. The population flow based on the big data from the Baidu map on 20 January 2020 was also highly correlated with the number of cases, but not as good as the above migration data. The finding demonstrates the role of established migrant networks in the spread of covid-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China has sparked a global epidemic, which the World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern on 31st January 2020 (Beijing time). This crisis has attracted intense media attention. Recently, some media outlets inappropriately labelled the coronavirus by race, using such headlines as "Chinese virus pandemonium" and even suggesting "China kids stay home." The biased and misleading coverage presented via Western media channels has incited anger throughout the Chinese community and has placed undue stress upon Chinese individuals living outside China. This post-published review takes a tourism-focused perspective to examine findings from a quantitative study (Rodriguez-Seijas, Stohl, Hasin, & Eaton, 2015) published in 2015 in JAMA Psychiatry. The current paper highlights the potential impacts of misleading and biased media coverage on Chinese individuals' mental health. Specifically, this work considers perceived racial discrimination stemming from coronavirus as a public health crisis and the effects of such discrimination on individuals of Chinese heritage. Similarly imperative are pertinent effects on country image and destination image with respect to tourism marketing and tourist behaviour during times of crisis. By considering racism in the context of the coronavirus outbreak, this paper identifies potential avenues for relevant research in tourism and hospitality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of an unusual Corona virus (COVID-19) flu pandemic starting in China in December 2019, spreading all around the globe is a major threat to public health. The investigations have shown this virus originated from a seafood market in Wuhan. However, the unavailability of medicines for the new disease is a big challenge all around. An attempt has been made in the present article to familiarise about the morphology of the virus. The study of effect of pH, temperature and relative humidity is also depicted. Various preventive measures have also been discussed. The natural dietary measures suggested in the paper would be very beneficial to improve and boost the immunity of the mankind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 31 December 2019, WHO received inputs of pneumonia cases in Wuhan city of China, but the cause of infection could not be known initially. However, after some time, the medical researchers of China disclosed a novel coronavirus as the cause on 7 January 2020, named "2019-nCoV." The coronavirus (CoV) belongs to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) species that leads to infection, causing illness, which ranges from the common cold to serious sickness. Finally, on 11 March 2020, the WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus announced the outbreak as a pandemic. As the fear and ambiguity rose among companies and firms, the profit rate seemed to be lower due to the COVID-19 global impact. Nearly US$6 trillion in wealth from 24th to 28 February 2020 of the stock market has been wiped out. There was a great decrease in value over the S&P index, which abolished over $5 trillion in the same week. However, the largest 10 companies of S&P faced a loss of $1.4 trillion. The investors make an analytical prediction that firms' profits may drop in response to the impact of coronavirus. The prime focus is on the importance of digital business practices and how different sectors have been affected in terms of economic loss during this pandemic outbreak in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates, for the first time, the presence of financial contagion among several important Chinese coronavirus concept-based stock indices during the recent COVID-19 global pandemic. We utilize a regime-switching skew-normal (RSSN) methodology to test for contagion through the correlation and coskewness channels while considering structural breaks in the different moments. Our results present evidence of contagion effects, which are robust across identified crisis and non-crisis periods, including that of the Wuhan lockdown. Our empirical results offer investors and policy-makers an additional layer of information when evaluating response mechanisms to major crises through the use of concept-based indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pneumonia outbreak was primarily reported in the fall of 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, with the identity SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus. It quickly grew from a local epidemic to a global pandemic and was declared a public health emergency by the WHO. A total of three prominent waves were identified across the globe, with a slight temporal variability as per the geographical locations, and has impacted several sectors which connect the world. By March 2022, the coronavirus had infected 444.12 million people and claimed 6.01 million human lives worldwide, and these numbers have not yet stabilized. Our paper enlightens readers on the seven strains of human coronaviruses, with special emphasis on the three severe deadliest outbreaks (SARS-2002, MERS-2012, and COVID-19). This work attempts a comprehensive understanding of the coronavirus and its impact on the possible sectors that link the world through the economic chain, climate conditions, SDGs, recycling of the event, and mitigations. There are many points that are raised by the authors in the possible sectors, which are emerging or are as yet unnoticed and thus have not been taken into consideration. This comprehension will leave sets of new challenges and opportunities for the researchers in various streams, especially in earth sciences. Science-integrated research may help to prevent upcoming disasters as a by-product of (existing) epidemics in the form of coronavirus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Facing a grim public challenge caused by COVID-19, many countries decide to live with it for a long time, whereas China continues to enforce precise community-based public health management. This paper summarized China's approaches and aimed to provide illumination for health services decision-makers. Methods: We systematically reviewed the construction of precise community-based public health management from three aspects: organizational structure, service content, and flexible adjustment, and summed up four essential elements for success. Then, we selected 9 typical countries to compare their non-pharmaceutical strategies and daily new cases. Results: China's community-based public health management has a clear four-level organizational structure. It has worked on infection control, surveillance for new cases, management of contacts, health education, medicare service, outdoor environment disinfection, and living material supply in different stages, and the daily new confirmed cases in Wuhan sustainedly declined to zero. The outbreak was relatively well contained in China, Italy, and Germany as of June 2020, as they adopted stricter movement restrictions, social distance, and patient tracking. Conclusion: China's experience has proved the feasibility of non-pharmaceutical strategies responding to COVID-19. The precise community-based public health management strategy can be considered, as it's pretty much the same as public health and social measures (PHSMs) advocated by WHO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the high variability of Covid-19 and unknown sequelae of rebound infections. We may be caught in a long-term struggle against the virus. The evaluation and summary of past anti-epidemic policies highlight profound practical significance for either decision makers or individuals. This paper applies both theoretical and empirical approaches to study the impact of city lockdown and air pollution on Covid-19. First, we apply an extended Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model to identify the relationship between lockdown, air pollution, and Covid-19 cases. Second, we apply the Differences-in-Differences (DID) model and Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) model to test the impact of lockdown on Covid-19, by sorting out lockdown policies implemented by cities during the epidemic. Third, we empirically analyze the impact of air pollution on Covid-19, based on daily data from 257 cities in China. Finally, we examine the mechanism by which lockdown impacts Covid-19. Newly confirmed Covid-19 cases are reduced by 31.1% nationwide (excluding Wuhan) during the lockdown period. Regions with lower air pollution experience fewer Covid-19 cases. Air pollution aggravates Covid-19, with the pollutants PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, and O3 having the greatest impact. The results indicate that an increase in one unit of air quality index (AQI) concentrations is associated with 1.723 more newly confirmed cases. The effects of air pollution on the spread of Covid-19 diminish as the population size increases. Lockdown can inhibit the spread of Covid-19 by reducing air pollution and population movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was initially discovered at the end of 2019 in Wuhan City in China and has caused one of the most serious global public health crises. A collection and analysis of studies related to the association between COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) transmission and meteorological factors, such as humidity, is vital and indispensable for disease prevention and control. A comprehensive literature search using various databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, was systematically performed to identify eligible studies from Dec 2019 to Feb 1, 2021. We also established six criteria to screen the literature to obtain high-quality literature with consistent research purposes. This systematic review included a total of 62 publications. The study period ranged from 1 to 8 months, with 6 papers considering incubation, and the lag effect of climate factors on COVID-19 activity being taken into account in 22 studies. After quality assessment, no study was found to have a high risk of bias, 30 studies were scored as having moderate risks of bias, and 32 studies were classified as having low risks of bias. The certainty of evidence was also graded as being low. When considering the existing scientific evidence, higher temperatures may slow the progression of the COVID-19 epidemic. However, during the course of the epidemic, these climate variables alone could not account for most of the variability. Therefore, countries should focus more on health policies while also taking into account the influence of weather. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the infectious coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, it has become a public health problem in China and even around the world. This pandemic is having devastating effects on societies and economies around the world. The increase in the number of COVID-19 tests gives more information about the epidemic spread, which may lead to the possibility of surrounding it to prevent further infections. However, wearing a face mask that prevents the transmission of droplets in the air and maintaining an appropriate physical distance between people, and reducing close contact with each other can still be beneficial in combating this pandemic. Therefore, this research paper focuses on implementing a Face Mask and Social Distancing Detection model as an embedded vision system. The pretrained models such as the MobileNet, ResNet Classifier, and VGG are used in our context. People violating social distancing or not wearing masks were detected. After implementing and deploying the models, the selected one achieved a confidence score of 100%. This paper also provides a comparative study of different face detection and face mask classification models. The system performance is evaluated in terms of precision, recall, F1-score, support, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy that demonstrate the practical applicability. The system performs with F1-score of 99%, sensitivity of 99%, specificity of 99%, and an accuracy of 100%. Hence, this solution tracks the people with or without masks in a real-time scenario and ensures social distancing by generating an alarm if there is a violation in the scene or in public places. This can be used with the existing embedded camera infrastructure to enable these analytics which can be applied to various verticals, as well as in an office building or at airport terminals/gates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: The COVID-19 pandemic started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Although there are some doubts about the reporting of cases and deaths in China, it seems that this country was able to control the epidemic more effectively than many other countries. In this paper, we would like to analyze the measures taken in China and compare them with other countries in order to find out what they can learn from China. Methods: We develop a system dynamics model of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan. Based on a number of simulations we analyze the impact of changing parameters, such as contact rates, on the development of a second wave. Results: Although China's health care system seems to be poorly financed and inefficient, the epidemic was brought under control in a comparably short period of time and no second wave was experienced in Wuhan until today. The measures to contain the epidemic do not differ from what was implemented in other countries, but China applied them very early and rigorously. For instance, the consequent implementation of health codes and contact-tracking technology contributed to contain the disease and effectively prevented the second and third waves. Conclusions: China's success in fighting COVID-19 is based on a very strict implementation of a set of measures, including digital management. While other countries discuss relaxing the lock-down at a rate of 50 per 100,000 inhabitants, China started local lock-downs at a rate of 3 per 100,000. We call for a public debate whether this policy would be feasible for more liberal countries as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2019, the epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan in China. Symptoms of COVID-19 are non-definite and mild symptoms include: fever, cough. However, elderly and populations with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension are more likely to be at risk of severe pulmonary infection and death. Many therapies have been proposed and assed for treating (COVID-19). In April 2020, two papers appeared that suggested clinical trials of low dose radiotherapy (LDRT) for COVID19 pneumonia. Following that, some researchers carried out some studies, and they modify the amount of doses and fractionation. Regarding the aging, some study using a sensitive age that ranged from 18 to 50 years, are more likely to have stochastic effects that cannot analyzed directly as it needs more time to experience these effects. In this review, we analysis the possibility of a low dose radiotherapy that can have in treating COVID-19 pneumonia, by using almost all accessed publications that performed on a low dose radiotherapy (LDRT) for curing bacteria or virus as well as studies that focus on using LDRT for antiinflammatory. We show that LDRT can perform the mitigation and the repair response of the immune system to provide a potential therapy of COVID-19. A single dose of low-dose radiotherapy can be effective in both cost and time and could potentially relieve symptoms of respiratory rapidly. However, such treatment would not be without obstacle and it can be difficult since it is necessary to recognize those few patients who are more benefit from radiation treatment and identifying short and long-term impacts. clinical stage of disease should be known. Additionally, it is not acceptable to report that LDRT would be superior to any type treatment that are currently under taking, until results from clinical trial will be released. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), first reported in December 2019 from Wuhan in China, had reached the stage of a pandemic. To date (28.06.2021), there are more than 181.9 million confirmed cases of the disease in the world. Even though vaccines have been developed, antiviral drugs are yet to be developed for management and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Since several medicinal plants are used in traditional medicines, though with controversial efficacy claims, they can be considered as sources of new antiviral drug compounds against emerging viruses. In this context, spices are noteworthy as their anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties are well studied and documented. The emerging scientific literature includes a number of papers on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of spice extracts and specific compounds proven through different types of laboratory experiments. Here, the information pertaining to anti-viral properties of spice-based phytochemicals or natural compounds (not crude extracts) is summarized in this review. Spice-based compounds discussed here are an option for testing in COVID-19 patients though we don't have strong data to support their active recommendation. Because of their natural origin, safety, and low cost, they can be a viable option in our fight against viruses and this compilation may be useful for planning and designing more robust experiments in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first appearance of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was on December 31st 2019, in the Wuhan City of China. This novel coronavirus (COVID-19) spread rapidly around the world, thus causing a pandemic. The most devastating effect was caused on the daily lives, global economy and public health system. In order to treat the affected patients quickly the most critical step is to detect the positive cases in much advance period of time in order to help prevent further spread of this disease. With the help of the recent findings, it has been found that the radiology imagining techniques contain the salient information about this virus. The advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique coupled with this radiological imaging has found to be helpful for the accurate detection of this novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. This is an advanced application which is helpful for the study of this paper. In this study, the new model used for the detection of this coronavirus (COVID-19) by using the raw chest X-ray images automatically. This proposed model provides accurate diagnostics for binary classification (COVID-19 vs normal) and also the multi-class classification (COVID-19 vs Normal vs Pneumonia). The classification accuracy from this proposed model is about 98.09% for binary classes classification and 87.03% for multi-class classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has proved a globally prevalent outbreak since December 2019. As a focused country to alleviate the epidemic impact, China implemented a range of public health interventions to prevent the disease from further transmission, including the pandemic lockdown in Wuhan and other cities. This paper establishes China's mobility network by a flight dataset and proposes a model without epidemiological parameters to indicate the spread risks through the network, which is termed as epidemic strength. By simply adjusting an intervention parameter, traffic volumes under different travel-restriction levels can be simulated to analyze how the containment strategy can mitigate the virus dissemination through traffic. This approach is successfully applied to a network of Chinese provinces and the epidemic strength is smoothly interpreted by flow maps. Through this node-to-node interpretation of transmission risks, both overall and detailed epidemic hazards are properly analyzed, which can provide valuable intervention advice during public health emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population mobility plays an essential role in the diffusion of knowledge. To the best of our knowledge, the existing literature focuses on the migration of workers between regions. Still, we employ a temporary policy of human mobility restriction in China to estimate the effect of COVID-19 on innovation. We find that the number of application invention patents decreases remarkably 1.813 using RD design and remains declined even if we rule out the Spring Festival and the viral effects using RD-DID. Moreover, the mechanism research suggests that the lockdown causes a decline in the population mobility within Wuhan city and inflow from other cities and we rule out the mechanism that skilled labours flow out Wuhan. In addition, we further find that institutional innovations have a significant reduction, especially invention patents in universities. This study highlights the enormous negative impact of human mobility restrictions on innovation due to COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wuhan, a city of China, is the epicenter for the pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). It has become a severe public health challenge to the world and established a public health emergency of international worry. This infectious disease has pulled down the economy of almost all top developed nations. The coronaviruses (CoVs) known for various epidemics caused time to time. Infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS), followed by COVID‐19, are all coronaviruses led outbreaks that scourged the history of mankind. CoVs evolved themselves to more infectious, transmissible, and more pandemic with time. To prevent the spread of the SARS‐CoV‐2, many countries have ordered the complete lockdown to combat the outbreak. This paper briefly discussed the historical background of CoVs and the evolution of human coronaviruses (HCoVs), the case studies and the development of their antiviral medications. The viral infection encountered with present‐day challenges and futuristic approaches with the help of nanotechnology to minimize the spread of infectious viruses. The antiviral drugs and their clinical advances, along with herbal medicines for viral inhibition and immunity boosters, are described. Elaboration of tables related to CoVs for the compilation of the literature has been adopted for the better understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, firstly reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, has rapidly spread around the world with high mortality rate among critically ill patients. The use of corticosteroids in COVID-19 remains a major controversy. Available evidences are inconclusive. According to WHO guidance, corticosteroids are not recommended to be used unless for another reason. Chinese Thoracic Society (CTS) proposes an expert consensus statement that suggests taking a prudent attitude of corticosteroid usage. In our clinical practice, we do not use corticosteroids routinely; only low-to-moderate doses of corticosteroids were given to several severely ill patients prudently. In this paper, we will present two confirmed severe COVID-19 cases admitted to isolation wards in Optical Valley Campus of Tongji hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. We will discuss questions related to corticosteroids usages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a varying coefficient Susceptible-Infected-Removal (vSIR) model that allows changing infection and removal rates for the latest corona virus (COVID-19) outbreak in China. The vSIR model together with proposed estimation procedures allow one to track the reproductivity of the COVID-19 through time and to assess the effectiveness of the control measures implemented since Jan 23 2020 when the city of Wuhan was lockdown followed by an extremely high level of self-isolation in the population. Our study finds that the reproductivity of COVID-19 had been significantly slowed down in the three weeks from January 27th to February 17th with 96.3% and 95.1% reductions in the effective reproduction numbers R among the 30 provinces and 15 Hubei cities, respectively. Predictions to the ending times and the total numbers of infected are made under three scenarios of the removal rates. The paper provides a timely model and associated estimation and prediction methods which may be applied in other countries to track, assess and predict the epidemic of the COVID-19 or other infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gazi Medical Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has progressed to a pandemic associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the healthcare workers who died fighting the disease in China. This paper analyzed the data of 78 Chinese healthcare workers who died in the fight against COVID-19 between 23 January and 2 June, 2020, and revealed the following characteristics. First, compared to the number of deaths directly attributable to COVID-19, more healthcare workers died from pre-existing disease attack induced by excessive fatigue or died from accidents. Second, the median age of the healthcare workers who died directly from COVID-19 was younger than that of the Wuhan non- healthcare workers who died of COVID 19. Third, although more women than men were involved in fighting the pandemic, more men died. Fourth, more healthcare workers died in Hubei than in other provinces. Fifth, most of the healthcare workers who died directly from COVID-19 were non-professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the emergence of COVID-19, migration of people has transferred the virus to new locations, causing the epidemic to expand, and local governments have put in place control measures to prevent the virus from spreading further. As of January 24, 2020, we calculated the population immigration from Wuhan to the rest of mainland China using migration statistics from the Gaode Map. In addition, we utilized machine learning methods to simulate the curve of the COVID-19 epidemic in different regions and over different time periods. Furthermore, we used machine learning methods to simulate the COVID-19 epidemic curve in various regions and over various time periods. Based on the Wuhan exodus, we built a migration transmission risk model. From January 24 to February 19, 2020, we predicted the location, severity, and timing of epidemics in various parts of mainland China. We showed how discrepancies in model predictions might be utilized to measure transmission load in different parts of the country. Higher transmission risk indices suggest more community transmission in the region. According to the study, states with lower transmission risk indices but fewer cases than expected may have taken highly effective public health measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem definition: This paper investigates the impact of COVID-19 on e-commerce sales and the underlying operational driver. Academic/practical relevance: As COVID-19 continues to disrupt offline retail, anecdotal evidence suggests a rapid growth of e-commerce. However, the pandemic may also significantly decrease offline logistics capacity, which in turn decreases e-commerce sales. Then, how does e-commerce respond to COVID-19, and what are the corresponding opportunities and challenges? Methodology: We leverage e-commerce sales data from Alibaba and construct a city-day panel across three years, representing sales for all buyers and sellers on the platform across 339 cities in mainland China. We develop three identification strategies to estimate the overall impact of COVID-19 (based on a year-on-year comparison), the impact of COVID-19 intensity (based on the different number of cases across cities), and the impact of corresponding containment measures (leveraging policy changes of checkpoint, partial shutdown, and complete shutdown measures across cities). Results: We provide two key findings. First, across different identification strategies, we observe a common drop and recovery pattern, which illustrates the digital resilience of e-commerce during the pandemic. For example, we estimate an overall decrease of 22% in e-commerce sales during the period of the Wuhan shutdown (January 23–April 7, 2020). However, it recovers in most cities within five weeks. Second, we identify a key operational driver—logistics capacity—that significantly explains the decline and recovery of e-commerce sales during and after the outbreak. Managerial implications: We provide important evidence on how e-commerce responds to and recovers from COVID-19, contrary to the common perception. The evidence in the recovery phase can also inform platforms and policymakers to design digital strategies and invest in logistics infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) continues to disrupt the global supply chain system, bringing new risks and challenges. The uncertainty created by COVID-19 makes it is difficult for various industries to deal with the pandemic. Since the pandemic, the supply chain's resilience has been discussed and examined in some studies. However, most existing works start from a single industry perspective or pay more attention to the disturbance caused by changes in the production side. Supply chain networks of different industries, mainly transport networks, are relatively limited under the epidemic's impact. In this paper, from the perspective of highway freight transport, a comprehensive competitiveness evaluation framework was proposed to reveal and the disruption and resilience of the supply chain under the outbreak based on nine indexes with five dimensions, including efficiency, capacity, activity, connectivity, and negotiability. Based on the availability of the data(Large-scale truck trajectory), we sorted out seven categories of Chinese industries(related to highway transport) and divided them into four categories respectively: (a) Slight disruption and worse resilience; (b) Slight disruption and remarkable resilience; (c) Serious disruption and worse resilience; (d) Serious disruption and remarkable resilience. The measurement results of supply chain network performance show that the industries (cold-chain, general products, and other industries) dominated by "Efficiency - Negotiability - Connectivity" are slightly disrupted (about 33%), forming a spatial diffusion with Wuhan(the city where the pandemic first broke out) as the disrupted center, spreading outward in a circle structure. Simultaneously, five urban agglomerations surrounding it have been impacted. By contrast, due to the strict isolation measures, the industries (building materials, construction, engineering, and high-value products industry) more vulnerable to be disrupted seriously (about 82%) tend to be the pattern of "Capacity - Activity". However, a large-scale centralized disruption was observed in the Triangle of Central China urban agglomeration was presented, resulting in almost stagnation of industry development. Meanwhile, as the future of the pandemic remains uncertain, the supply chain represented by the engineering industry, construction industry, etc are deserved to be paid more attention in line with they are prone to large-scale centralized damage due to the disruption of a single city node. • Disruption and resilience of multi-industry supply chain under COVID-19 epidemic. • Multi-dimensional comprehensive competitiveness evaluation framework for supply chain performance. • Supply chain destruction and repair performance of seven industries in China under COVID-19 epidemic. • Characteristic differences of supply chain between different industries from the perspective of highway freight transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global outbreak of COVID-19 has further exposed deficiencies in city logistics based on human and ground roads, such as poor emergency response capacity and high risk of infection during transportation. Metro-based underground logistics system (M-ULS) may be an innovative approach to deal with this city-level disaster due to its efficient operation, contactless and driverless characteristics. However, the market evolution process and the quantitative calculation framework of comprehensive benefits after the application of M-ULS are still unclear, which has become a problem of mutual restriction with the extensive application of M-ULS. This paper attempts to use the system dynamics method, based on the real-world simulation, to analyze the quantitative relationship between the M-ULS implementation and the city logistics performance under epidemic outbreaks. Wuhan city in China was selected as the empirical background, and five simulation scenarios were set under different implementation strategies of M-ULS in response to the epidemic. Six variables were selected to measure city logistics performance and M-ULS operation status, including demand fill-rate, unit delivery time, total deprivation cost, total transportation cost, total number of susceptible people, and utilization rate of M-ULS. The results show that M-ULS is effective in improving the performance of city logistics and responding to the epidemic. The delivery time and transportation cost have a strong impact on the market share of M-ULS. Finally, a set of incentive policies was designed to promote the adoption of M-ULS. The findings not only provide a method for evaluating the overall performance of M-ULS, but also provide a unique perspective for promoting the implementation of M-ULS and responding to the transportation challenges brought by the epidemic. • M-ULS is introduced to break through the plight of city logistics. • A set of effective macro-micro incentive policies are established to promote the implementation of M-ULS. • The delivery time, transportation cost and government subsidies play different roles in the market penetration of M-ULS. • The benefits of M-ULS have been analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus spread in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. A few weeks later, the virus was present in over 100 countries around the globe. Governments have adopted extreme measures to contain the spreading virus. Quarantine is considered the most effective way to control the spreading speed of COVID-19. In this study, a mathematical model is developed to explore the influence of quarantine and the latent period on the spatial spread of COVID-19. We use the mathematical model with quarantine, and delay to predict the spreading speed of the virus. In particular, we transform the model to a single integral equation and then apply the Laplace transform to find implicit equations for the spreading speeds. The basic reproduction number of COVID-19 is also found and calculated. Numerical simulations are performed to confirm our theoretical results. To validate the proposed model, we compare our outcomes with the actual reported data published by the National Health Commission of China and the Health Commission of local governments. The model demonstrates good qualitative agreement with the actual data reported. The results show that delay and quarantine highly influence the spreading speeds of COVID-19. Also, we can only contain the disease if we quarantine 75% of the infected people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Difficulties to use convenient data during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic outbreak and complexities of the problem attitude crucial challenges in infectious disease modelling studies. Motivated by the on-going reach to predict a potential reactivated SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), we suggest a prediction model that beyond the clinical characteristics based evaluation approaches. In particular, we developed a possibly available and more efficient prediction model to predict a potential reactivated SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patient. Our paper aims to explore the applicability of a modified Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions (MTOPSIS) integrated Design of Experiment (DoE) method to predict a potential reactivated COVID-19 patient in real-time clinical or laboratory applications. The presented novel model may be of interest to the readers studying similar research areas. We illustrate MTOPSIS integrated DoE method by applying it to the COVID-19 pandemic real clinical cases from Wuhan/China-based data. Despite the small sample size, our study provides an encouraging preliminary model framework. Finally, a step by step algorithm is suggested in the study for future research perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world politics has been dominated by the US-led West since the Second World War and particularly after the demise of the Soviet Union at the end of a protracted Cold War. However, the balance of power seems to be shifting from the West to the East led by rising China. This geopolitical shift has been accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic. Pandemics have been known to affect great powers and global politics in the past. The “Black death’, the ‘Plague of Athens’ and ‘Antonine plague’ are some of the examples from history, which resulted in the decline of great empires. Although Corona virus reportedly originated in Wuhan and later spread to the entire world, China was able to mobilize its resources in time and managed to control the disease in a very short time. On the other hand, the West and particularly the US was slow in taking appropriate measures resulting in death and misery to the people. US like many other countries, is still struggling with the pandemic that has caused a severe blow to not only its economy but also its standing as a world leader. While China has emerged as a more suitable candidate for the world’s leadership and steadily on the path of economic and technological primacy. The paper studies in detail how the virus has affected the global politics, particularly comparing the performance of the two rivals during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented amount of medical waste, presenting significant challenges for the safe disposal of hazardous waste. A systematic review of existing research on COVID-19 and medical waste can help address these challenges by providing insights and recommendations for effective management of the massive medical waste generated during the pandemic. This study utilized bibliometric and text mining methods to survey the scientific outcomes related to COVID-19 and medical waste, drawing on data from the Scopus database. The results show that the spatial distribution of medical waste research is unbalanced. Surprisingly, developing countries rather than developed countries lead research in this area. Especially, China, a major contributor to the field, has the highest number of publications and citations, and is also a centre of international cooperation. The main study authors and research institutions are also mainly from China. And the research on medical waste is a multidisciplinary field. Text mining analysis shows that COVID-19 and medical waste research is mainly organized around four themes: (i) medical waste from personal protective equipment; (ii) research on medical waste in Wuhan, China; (iii) threats of medical waste to the environment and (iv) disposal and management of medical waste. This would serve to better understand the current state of medical waste research and to provide some implications for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2019, the outbreak of a new coronavirus-caused pneumonia (COVID-19) in Wuhan attracted close attention in China and the world. The Chinese government took strong national intervention measures on January 23 to control the spread of the epidemic. We are trying to show the impact of these controls on the spread of the epidemic. We proposed an SEIR(Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed) model to analyze the epidemic trend in Wuhan and use the AI model to analyze the epidemic trend in non-Wuhan areas. We found that if the closure was lifted, the outbreak in non-Wuhan areas of mainland China would double in size. Our SEIR and AI model was effective in predicting the COVID-19 epidemic peaks and sizes. The epidemic control measures taken by the Chinese government, especially the city closure measures, reduced the scale of the COVID-19 epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Contexto is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departamento de Derecho Economico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The present study reflects the trend and growth of publications on COVID-19 viral disease spreading around the world. With the emergence of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China in December 2019, scholars started publishing their researches in form of different kind of publications. Methodology: The data has been extracted from the Scopus database using key TERMS Covid-19 and corona virus 2019. Findings: During six month period around ten thousand publications are contributed by scientists around the globe. The literature produced in different fields but highest output is made in the field of Medicine. BMJ and Journal of Medical Virology journals produced highest amount of research on COVID. Highest numbers of publications have been contributed by China based two institutions viz. Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Tongji Medical College, China. Mahase, E. of UK contributed maximum papers followed by Wiwanitkit, V. of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]