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Small commercial buildings in the United States consume 47% of the total primary energy of the buildingssector. Retrofitting small and medium commercial buildings poses a huge challenge for owners becausethey usually lack the expertise and resources to identify and evaluate cost-effective energy retrofit strategies.This paper presents the Commercial Building Energy Saver (CBES), an energy retrofit analysis toolkit,which calculates the energy use of a building, identifies and evaluates retrofit measures in terms ofenergy savings, energy cost savings and payback. The CBES Toolkit includes a web app (APP) for end usersand the CBES Application Programming Interface (API) for integrating CBES with other energy softwaretools. The toolkit provides a rich set of features including: (1) Energy Benchmarking providing anEnergy Star score, (2) Load Shape Analysis to identify potential building operation improvements, (3)Preliminary Retrofit Analysis which uses a custom developed pre-simulated database and, (4) DetailedRetrofit Analysis which utilizes real-time EnergyPlus simulations. CBES includes 100 configurable energyconservation measures (ECMs) that encompass IAQ, technical performance and cost data, for assessing 7different prototype buildings in 16 climate zones in California and 6 vintages. A case study of a smalloffice building demonstrates the use of the toolkit for retrofit analysis. The development of CBES providesa new contribution to the field by providing a straightforward and uncomplicated decision making processfor small and medium business owners, leveraging different levels of assessment dependent uponuser background, preference and data availability.

Reducing energy consumption in the buildings sector requires significant changes, but technology alone may fail to guarantee efficient energy performance. Human behavior plays a pivotal role in building design, operation, management and retrofit, and is a crucial positive factor for improving the indoor environment, while reducing energy use at low cost. Over the past 40 years, a substantial body of literature has explored the impacts of human behavior on building technologies and operation. Often, need-action-event cognitive theoretical frameworks were used to represent human-machine interactions. In Part I of this paper a review of more than 130 published behavioral studies and frameworks was conducted. A large variety of data-driven behavioral models have been developed based on field monitoring of the human-building-system interaction. Studies have emerged scattered geographically around the world that lack in standardization and consistency, thus leading to difficulties when comparing one with another. To address this problem, an ontology to represent energy-related occupant behavior in buildings is presented. Accordingly, the technical DNAs framework is developed based on four key components: i) the Drivers of behavior, ii) the Needs of the occupants, iii) the Actions carried out by the occupants, and iv) the building systems acted upon by the occupants. This DNAs framework is envisioned to support the international research community to standardize a systematic representation of energy-related occupant behavior in buildings. Part II of this paper further develops the DNAs framework as an XML (eXtensible Markup Language) schema, obXML, for exchange of occupant information modeling and integration with building simulation tools.