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Abstract Background Current prostate cancer (PCa) screening may detect nonprogressive lesion, leading to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether the tumor pathological origin of latent prostate cancer (lPCa) and clinical prostate cancer (cPCa) are consistent, and to verify the current clinically significant prostate cancer criteria. Methods Prostate specimens were obtained from postmortem autopsy between 2014 and 2021 and patients who went through radical prostatectomy from 2013 to 2021. The pathological characteristics and spatial distribution of the lPCa group and cPCa group were compared and analyzed through SPSS software with P

BackgroundPapillary Renal Neoplasm (PRN) with polarity inversion is a less common subtype of kidney cancer with an apparently recognizable morphology, distinct immunohistochemical profiles, and frequent KRAS mutations. It has been estimated to account 4% of previously diagnosed PRN.Case presentationThis is a retrospective case report of two patients diagnosed with PRNRP. Two males were found to have kidney mass accidentally through imaging examination in clinic. Both of the patients had no obvious discomfort and abnormal test indicators. Subsequently, they underwent partial nephrectomy in our center by the same surgeon and followed up closely with an impressive clinical outcome. The pathology reports indicated that their pathological features were consistent with PRNRP. The HE staining showed a monolayer of papillary or tubular structures, with small nuclei away from the cytoplasmic top of the basement membrane. The immunohistochemical results were GATA3 (+), vimentin (-).ConclusionOur case reports and literature review suggested that PRNRP should be separated from traditional PRN and partial nephrectomy is a robust modality for PRNRP. The morphological, immunohistochemical, and genetic information of the cases we presented would provide important material for PRNRP to become a distinct category with benign clinical outcome.

Objective Adrenal hemangioma (AH) is a rare, benign adrenal tumor often detected incidentally by imaging. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of AH, including clinical and diagnostic imaging features, to improve the recognition and understanding of AH. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients diagnosed with AH at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2008 and 2022. Clinical manifestations, adrenal hormone levels, imaging findings, treatment approaches, and pathological results were collected and analyzed. Results Of the 7140 adrenal tumor patients, 40 (0.56%) had AH confirmed postoperatively. The mean age at diagnosis was 53.9 years, with a female predominance. Most (70%) were asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. Misdiagnosis before surgery was common, most frequently as pheochromocytoma. Imaging characteristics, especially enhanced computed tomography, revealed distinct features based on tumor size. Surgery was the main treatment, with laparoscopic adrenalectomy preferred. Conclusion This study elucidates the clinical characteristics of AH, including demographics, diagnostic challenges, and imaging features. AH often presents incidentally and is frequently misdiagnosed preoperatively. Recognizing distinct imaging characteristics and appropriate surgical management can enable accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes after performing radical prostatectomy (RP) or low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR) for patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (IRPC). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on 361 IRPC patients who underwent treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2014 to August 2021, of which 160 underwent RP and 201 underwent Iodine-125 LDR. Patients were followed in clinic monthly during the first three months and at three-month intervals thereafter. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to predict biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS), clinical relapse-free survival (cRFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Biochemical recurrence was defined using the Phoenix definition for LDR and the surgical definition for RP. The log-rank test was applied to compare bRFS between the two modalities, and Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with bRFS. Results: Median follow-up was 54 months for RP and 69 months for LDR. According to log-rank test, the differences of 5-year bRFS (70.2% vs 83.2%, P = 0.003) and 8-year bRFS (63.1% vs 68.9%, P < 0.001) between RP and LDR groups were statistically significant. Our results also indicated that there was no significant difference in terms of cRFS, CSS, or OS between the two groups. With multivariate analysis of the entire cohort, prostate volume ≤ 30 ml (P < 0.001), positive margin (P < 0.001), and percentage positive biopsy cores > 50% (P < 0.001) were independent factors suggestive of worse bRFS. Conclusions: LDR is a reasonable treatment option for IRPC patients, yielding improved bRFS and equivalent rates of cRFS, CSS and OS when compared with RP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in the prostate is one of the most aggressive tumors and a rare, uncommon clinical disease entity with a very poor prognosis. We reported a case of PNET in the prostate of a 49-year-old man and diagnosed through a biopsy. The patient underwent chemotherapy followed by adjuvant external radiation therapy without cystoprostatectomy as recommended, and 2 years later there is no sign of recurrence or distant metastasis. The patient had a good recovery and satisfactory outcomes in the follow-up. The successful treatment of PNET in the prostate in our case without surgery will provide a good therapeutic regime for reference until now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes after performing radical prostatectomy (RP) or low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR) for patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (IRPC)., Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on 361 IRPC patients who underwent treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2014 to August 2021, of which 160 underwent RP and 201 underwent Iodine-125 LDR. Patients were followed in clinic monthly during the first three months and at three-month intervals thereafter. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to predict biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS), clinical relapse-free survival (cRFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Biochemical recurrence was defined using the Phoenix definition for LDR and the surgical definition for RP. The log-rank test was applied to compare bRFS between the two modalities, and Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with bRFS., Results: Median follow-up was 54 months for RP and 69 months for LDR. According to log-rank test, the differences of 5-year bRFS (70.2% vs 83.2%, P = 0.003) and 8-year bRFS (63.1% vs 68.9%, P < 0.001) between RP and LDR groups were statistically significant. Our results also indicated that there was no significant difference in terms of cRFS, CSS, or OS between the two groups. With multivariate analysis of the entire cohort, prostate volume ≤ 30 ml (P < 0.001), positive margin (P < 0.001), and percentage positive biopsy cores > 50% (P < 0.001) were independent factors suggestive of worse bRFS., Conclusions: LDR is a reasonable treatment option for IRPC patients, yielding improved bRFS and equivalent rates of cRFS, CSS and OS when compared with RP., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the vital roles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the function of small nucleolar RNA host gene 20 (SNHG20) in PCa is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression and biological roles of SNHG20 in PCa. SNHG20 expression in PCa tissues and cell lines was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Gain and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to examine the biological roles of SNHG20. Bioinformatic analysis and dual luciferase activity reporter assay were conducted to establish the SNHG20/secretoglobin family 2A member 1 (SCGB2A1)/microRNA-6516-5p (miR-6516-5p) axis. SHNG20 expression was found markedly elevated in PCa tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of SNHG20 increased PCa cell proliferation and invasion but decreased cell apoptosis. However, the knockdown of SNHG20 will cause the opposite effects on PCa cell behaviors. Mechanical investigation found that SNHG20 could relive the SCGB2A1 protein expression via sponging the miR-6516-5p, acting as miRNA sponge. In conclusion, this finding suggests the SNHG20/miR-6516-5p/SCGB2A1 axis in PCa tumorigenesis, providing the novel insight for the molecular mechanism of PCa., Competing Interests: None.