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Ho,Pr:CaYAlO 4 (Ho,Pr:CYA) crystal doped with 1 at.% Ho3+ and 0.1 at.% Pr3+ was successfully grown using the Czochralski method. Polarized absorption spectra, emission spectra, and fluorescence lifetime measurements were performed. The impact of Pr3+ co-doping on the ∼3 μm emission of Ho3+ ions was analyzed. The energy transfer efficiency from Ho3+:5I 7 to Pr3+:3F 2 energy level was calculated to be 60.66 %, indicating that Pr3+ effectively mitigated the self-termination effect in Ho,Pr:CYA crystals. The absorption cross-section at 645 nm was found to be 1.53 × 10−20 cm2 for σ polarization and 2.62 × 10−20 cm2 for π polarization. The emission cross-section at 2842 nm was calculated to be 0.86 × 10−20 cm2 for σ polarization and 1.33 × 10−20 cm2 for π polarization at 2908 nm, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 139 nm and 88 nm, respectively. The fluorescence lifetimes of the 5I 6 and 5I 7 levels were measured to be 0.17 ms and 2.01 ms, respectively. These results collectively suggest that Ho,Pr:CYA crystals hold great potential as a candidate for 2.8 μm laser applications. • Ho3+,Pr3+ co-doped CaYAlO 4 crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. • The crystal structure, polarized absorption and emission spectra were investigated. • The intensity parameters were obtained using J-O theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tm3+-doped calcium niobium gallium garnet (Tm:CNGG) single crystals have been successfully grown by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method. The crystal structure, absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and lifetimes of Tm:CNGG crystals were investigated. The absorption and emission bandwidths of Tm:CNGG crystals are larger than those of other Tm3+ doped garnet crystals, which will be beneficial for laser diode (LD) pumping and ultrashort pulse generation. Additionally, continuous wave (CW) laser operation around 2 μm was achieved in the 2.0 at.% Tm:CNGG crystal by LD pumping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We report on the growth, spectroscopic properties and visible laser operation of Pr3+-doped LaMgAl 11 O 19 (LMA) crystal. The absorption and emission spectra were recorded in visible wavelength range and the decay time of 3P 0 manifold was measured to be about 34.5 μs at room temperature. Using an InGaN laser diode as pump source, continuous-wave laser operation of Pr:LMA crystal have also been demonstrated in red at about 645 nm and deep red at about 725 nm, which provide new linearly polarized sources for various potential applications. Highlights • A Pr:LMA crystal was successfully gown by using the Czochralski method. • Spectral parameters of Pr:LMA crystal were obtained. • Using a blue laser diode as pump source, red and deep red laser were demonstrated from Pr:LMA crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polarization absorption spectra of Pr3+-doped GdScO 3 have been measured. Polarized emission spectra and fluorescence decay from the 3P 0 upper level have been investigated. The strongest absorption peaks are located at 448 nm for a, b and c polarization, the absorption cross sections are 1.29 × 10−20 cm2, 0.98 × 10−20 cm2 and 1.57 × 10−20 cm2, respectively. The maximum emission cross section is located at 662 nm, which is 18.55 × 10−20 cm2 (a polarization), 12.74 × 10−20 cm2 (b polarization) and 22.41 × 10−20 cm2 (c polarization), and the FWHM is 10.02 nm, 9.38 nm and 10.14 nm, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime of 3P 0 level is 12.39 μs. Those results indicated that Pr3+-doped GdScO 3 crystal grown by the Czochralski method is a potential laser medium for visible laser operation. •The spectra of Pr:GdScO 3 have been measured at room temperature. •Pr3+-doped GdScO 3 crystal is a potential laser medium for 662 nm laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 0.5 at.% Tm:Ca 1-x Y x F 2+x (x = 0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.12) crystals have been successfully grown by the temperature gradient technique (TGT) method. The absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, and fluorescence decay curves were measured and analyzed at room temperature. By comparison, it is found that when the concentration of Y3+ ions reaches 8 at.%, the absorption cross section corresponding to the 3H 6 →3H 4 energy level is 2.56 × 10−21 cm2 at 793 nm, which is suitable for GaAlAs LD pumping. The J-O strength parameters Ω 2 , Ω 4 , and Ω 6 were obtained. With the incorporation of Y3+ ions, the value of Ω 4 /Ω 6 gradually increases. When the concentration of Y3+ ions reaches 8 at.%, the emission cross sections are 3.05 × 10−21 cm2 at 1476 nm, 2.56 × 10−21 cm2 at 2378 nm, and the full widths at half maximum (FWHM) are 76 nm and 195 nm, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime of 3H 4 level, the upper level of 1.5 μm and 2.3 μm, is 1.05 ms, which is very beneficial for 1.5 μm and 2.3 μm laser. • With the incorporation of Y3+ ions, the value of Ω 4 /Ω 6 gradually increases. • When the concentration of Y3+ ions reaches 8 at.%, the emission cross section is 3.05 × 10−21 cm2 at 1476 nm, 2.56 × 10−21 cm2 at 2378 nm, respectively. • The fluorescence lifetime of 3H 4 level, the upper level of 1.5 μm and 2.3 μm, is 1.05 ms, which is very beneficial for 1.5 μm and 2.3 μm laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tm3+-doped bismuth germanate crystals (Tm:BGO) with various doping concentrations of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 at.% were grown by the micro-pulling-down method (μ-PD). The effect of thulium concentration on the growth, structure, absorption spectra, emission spectra and fluorescence lifetime of 3H 4 and 3F 4 state was studied. Under excitation of 792 nm, Tm:BGO crystals exhibit two fluorescence bands corresponding to the 3H 4 → 3F 4 and the 3F 4 → 3H 6 transitions. The fluorescence lifetime of 3H 4 state decreased strongly as the thulium concentration increased, while the lifetime of 3F 4 state was relatively constant for all thulium concentrations. • Tm:BGO crystals with different Tm3+ concentration were grown by the micro-pulling-down method. • The effect of Tm3+ concentration on the growth, structure and spectroscopic properties of Tm:BGO crystals was studied. • Tm:BGO crystals exhibit two fluorescence bands corresponding to the 3H 4 → 3F 4 and the 3F 4 → 3H 6 transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nd:SrAl 11 O 19 (Nd:SRA) crystal has been grown by the Czochralski method. Polarized absorption spectra, polarized fluorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetime were investigated. For σ-polarization, the peak absorption cross section at 798 nm is 2.08 × 10−20 cm2 with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 10.2 nm and the peak emission cross section is 3.36 × 10−20 cm2 at 1048.5 nm with FWHM of 4.80 nm. The Judd-Ofelt parameters Ω 2,4,6 were obtained to be 0.51 × 10−20 cm2, 2.08 × 10−20 cm2, and 2.12 × 10−20 cm2, respectively. Continuous-wave laser operation of the a-cut and c-cut Nd:SRA sample has been demonstrated. The maximum output power of 8.33 W was achieved from c-cut sample at an absorbed power of 27.73 W, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 31.3%. • Nd:SrAl 12 O 19 crystal has been gown by the Czochralski method. • Spectral parameters of Nd:SrAl 12 O 19 crystal were obtained. • Continuous-wave laser was demonstrated from Nd:SrAl 12 O 19 crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yb,Pr:CaF 2 crystals have been grown successfully by the temperature gradient technique(TGT). The absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, fluorescence decay lifetime of Pr3+ ions in CaF 2 crystal sensitized by different Yb3+ ions concentration have been measured. The effective J-O intensity parameters were fitted to be Ω 2 =0.36 × 10−20cm2, Ω 4 =2.89 × 10−20cm2, Ω 6 =6.69 × 10−20cm2 for 0.3 at.%Pr,1.5 at.%Yb:CaF 2. And the emission cross sections of 3P 1 →3H 5 (535 nm), and 3P 0 →3F 4 (750 nm) are calculated to be 2.02 × 10−20cm2, and 2.50 × 10−20cm2 with the FWHM of 17.2 nm, and 10.5 nm, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime of 3P 0 has achieved great increasing by sensitizing of Yb3+ ion. Not only the up-conversion luminescence can be achieved, but also the broad band emission from 1D 2 energy level can be observed. The results show that Yb,Pr:CaF 2 could be a potential laser gain medium for visible and near-IR laser operation. • Not only the up-conversion luminescence can be achieved, but also the broad band emission from 1D 2 energy level can be observed by Yb3+ ion sensitizing. • Spectral properties and Judd-Ofelt parameters of Yb,Pr:CaF 2 crystal were investigated and analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the comparative growth and spectroscopy of Eu3+-doped Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (YAG) and Y 3 ScAl 4 O 12 crystals grown by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method. The structure of the as-grown crystals was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The absorption spectra of the crystals are dominated by a strong line centered at 395 nm, matching well with the emission of commercial ultraviolet laser diodes. The Eu:YAG and Eu:Y 3 ScAl 4 O 12 crystals exhibit strongest red emission centered at 710 nm and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) was calculated to be 2.03 and 3.19 nm, respectively. The fluorescence decay curves of 5D 0 levels were measured and discussed. All the results indicate that the Eu:YAG and Eu:Y 3 ScAl 4 O 12 crystals are promising candidates for red luminescent/laser materials. • Eu:YAG and Eu:Y 3 ScAl 4 O 12 crystals were successfully grown by the micro-pulling-down technique for the first time. • The structure parameters of Eu:YAG and Eu:Y 3 ScAl 4 O 12 crystals were investigated by XRD. • Spectral parameters of Eu:YAG and Eu:Y 3 ScAl 4 O 12 crystals were obtained and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LaMgAl 11 O 19 (LMA) crystal with nominal Sm3+ concentrations of 8 at.% was grown by the Czochralski method. Polarized absorption spectra, polarized emission spectra and fluorescence decay curve of Sm:LMA crystal were recorded at room temperature. The absorption cross-sections at 404 nm were calculated to be 2.33 × 10−20 cm2 and 0.86 × 10−20 cm2 for σ and π polarization, respectively. The spontaneous transition rates, branching ratios and the radiative lifetime of the 4G 5/2 multiplet, were calculated. The Judd-Ofelt theory has been applied to evaluate the Ω t (t = 2, 4, 6) intensity parameters. The highest stimulated emission cross-sections for the 4G 5/2 → 6H 7/2 transition around 594 nm were calculated to be 1.67 × 10−21 cm2 for σ polarization and 1.15 × 10−21 cm2 for π polarization, with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 7.68 nm and 7.27 nm, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime of the 4G 5/2 manifold was 1.84 ms. All the results show that Sm:LMA crystal would be a promising orange-red solid state laser material. • The most intensive absorption line of Sm3+ ion, suitable for 405 nm InGaN laser diode. • The rigidity of Sm:LMA crystal is higher than some host crystals. • The value Ω 2 of Sm:LMA crystal is comparable to Sm:LiYF 4. • The large parameter σ em τ of Sm3+ in LMA is beneficial for the solid state laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]