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This paper examines the career of the prominent intellectual and activist Zachariah Keodirelang Matthews and his efforts to promote higher education for black South Africans during the mid-twentieth century. Popular narratives of South African history often tend to downplay or discredit the moderation, pragmatism and cultural diversity of Matthews and his generation and instead emphasize the growth of black solidarity and militancy, but study of Matthews’ writings reveals the important role of old liberal ideas in African nationalism, including an enduring faith in the power of knowledge and an expectation that justice would eventually prevail. The life and work of Z.K. Matthews demonstrates how an African teacher and scholar could steadfastly resist European domination while simultaneously maintaining belief in the essential oneness of humanity and hope for the future of South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2003, the South African government shifted AIDS policy making HIV treatment available in the public healthcare sector. The antiretroviral roll out, while hailed as a success, has required continued activism to ensure genuine implementation. Women particularly the poor, traditionally bear the brunt of the impact of HIV/AIDS socially and economically. Very often they do this in most marginalised spaces. This paper draws on theories of participation and empowerment to understand female activism during the period of antiretroviral roll out in South Africa. The paper seeks to understand how processes of empowerment linked with the first stage - access to ARVs impacted on the second stage - ARV roll out. It also considers how female activists understand their empowerment in the context of their role. The focus is grassroots activism females in Lusikisiki and Khayelitsha. This paper draws from a qualitative study on bottom-up policy advocacy utilising participatory observation and in-depth interviews with activists and civil society organisations. The main findings are that during the roll out phase of the HIV/AIDS campaign women activists worked from transformed "ways of thinking and being" in terms of HIV/AIDS and in terms of their role in the struggle for health rights. Their contesting embedded notions of power contributed to the democratisation of HIV/AIDS services. The transformation also caused shifts in the ways women mobilised, framed their understanding of the struggle and accessed participation spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Africa has a patriarchal tendency to treat womxn as beneficiaries of protest and activism rather than as agents in the construction of a new socio-political order and as drivers of change through protest. This paper examines the internal gender tensions within South Africa's 2015-2016 student movements including how these tensions materialised publicly; in a sample of university campuses and in the media. The complex particularities of young black womxn who are agitating for an intersectional approach to protest - one that privileges gender - and an end to patriarchy and misogynoir in these movements is observed. Content analysis of self-articulated goals, mission statements on various media and case studies are detailed where black womxn activists constitute majority membership in movements even as they remain disenfranchised in their operationalising. To counter marginality, black womxn student activists' interventions demonstrate a new radical political autonomy that embraces an inclusive feminist ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that in order to understand the anti-Apartheid campaign in Portland, Oregon it must be located within the particular socio-historical context of race and racism in the city and state. Thus, Black people living in Portland had good reason to compare the Apartheid system in South Africa to their own experience. Therefore, the confluence of national and local issues that move the local anti-Apartheid campaign forward is examined; the paper documents the rise and development of critical organizations in the anti-Apartheid campaign in Portland; the paper focus on the closure of the Honorary South Africa Consulate in downtown Portland and the passing of South Africa divestment legislation at the state level which paralleled actions of the national movement. This study is based on an analysis of historical documents, and interviews with four prominent community activists and politicians regarding their participation. In conclusion, it is argued that this research is important because there is little scholarship of the anti-Apartheid movement in the Northwest region of the U.S., and even less on the role Black people in the state of Oregon played in the anti-apartheid movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1970s have come to represent a decade of student protest within South Africa, but in writing history of this period, scholarly attention has focused primarily on pivotal events in the latter part of the decade, such as the Soweto student uprising of 1976, and the institutional history of organisations such as the South African Students' Organisation. This focus has, by necessity, neglected the contributions of non-urban, regional actors and sites of protest. It has also failed to contextualise the events of 1976 against a backdrop of student protest earlier in the decade. This article seeks to situate the role of the rural northern Transvaal in the student protests of the 1970s. It focuses on the rise of Abraham Tiro, a student at the University of the North and prominent leader in the South African Students' Organisation, and on the University of the North itself as a site of protest organisation that influenced and changed student protest across South Africa between 1971 and 1974. The paper argues that both Tiro's individual impact on national protest politics and the role of the University of the North as an incubation site for SASO greatly influenced the spread of the student movement during this period, by facilitating the conscientisation of school and university students. Through events such as Tiro's 1972 graduation speech, the Alice Declaration, and the influx of Turfloop students into high schools as teachers, the Black Consciousness brand of politicisation was effectively spread across South Africa's black student community. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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The paucity or dearth of scholarship around A.C. Jordan's contributions as teacher, visionary, scholar and political activist in South Africa is as disconcerting as it is disillusioning. This paper seeks to take A.C. Jordan's rich and eclectic oeuvre from the peripheral position which it seems to occupy in contemporary academic discourse in his motherland, to the centre. It unearths his lesser known poems as well as some of his other literary gems such as his public address in his capacity as President of the Cape African Teachers’ Association (CATA). This contribution aims to accord Jordan his rightful place as one of the key figures in the advancement of the Black literary tradition within the borders of South Africa and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In order to understand the tactics and representational strategies of recent South African Student activism, I consider the devised ensemble play The Fall (Baxter Theatre Centre 2017) for instances of performance as protestation. Resistance in the form of #RhodesMustFall protests must be considered alongside the race and class dimensions that continue to structure access to tertiary education. The aim is to demonstrate 'fallism' as a performative approach to decolonial student activism. Throughout, I use Achille Mbembe's (2017, 2019) mode of examining incidents and events that make visible the political, institutional and interpersonal everyday dynamics so that we can get a sharper view of the place of decoloniality and its entanglements with precarity and marginalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In South Africa, public archives repositories are operating with limited resources and under strenuous circumstances due to low profiles in the public arena. Advocacy as a tool to raise the archival profile in South Africa for the purpose of lobbying support has not been adequately explored by archivists and civil society in the country. The purpose of this study is to examine the archival advocacy initiatives of civil society organizations in South Africa to determine where and how advocacy can be improved. Data were collected through document analysis, interviews and a literature review to examine archival advocacy approaches by archivists and civil society in South Africa. It was established that the role of civil society organizations in raising the archival profile in South Africa had not been adequate. Furthermore, archivists are conspicuous in their absence in the discourse involving archives. Advocacy has the power to influence constitutional, legislation, and policy reformation. The archival community in South Africa needs advocacy in different forms to challenge those in influential offices to serve their (archival community) interests. Unless archivists become advocates for archives, they risk reducing themselves to arid functionaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Couched is a podcast series that features conversations among psychoanalysts, artists, writers, activists, and intellectual change-makers about our current social and political conditions and the challenge of finding grounding and connection in an increasingly uncertain world. Couched aims to generate conversations that will move listeners to engage with one another and the world, ideally creating generative communities. This article is an edited transcription of one such conversation. It was recorded live at the 2021 Annual Spring Meeting of Division 39, The Society for Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychology, of the American Psychological Association. In this episode our guests elucidate the challenges involved in providing reparations for the racial violence and genocide that characterized chattel slavery in the United States and apartheid in South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative analysis of emotional taxation was conducted to investigate the affective cost of entering the political process among 1,019 lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex (LGBTQI) activists in the United States (n = 355), the United Kingdom (n = 230), South Africa (n = 228), and Australia (n = 206). Four consistent trends were identified across these four contexts, with important implications for the study of social movements, youth activism, gender, sexuality, and race. First, levels of emotional taxation resulting from LGBTQI activist work were consistently very high. Second, emotional burdens were systematically greater for young, nonwhite, and transgender activists. Third, emotional taxation was compounded for activists whose identities crossed multiple marginalized groups. This finding supports the validity and importance of intersectional approaches to LGBTQI issues. Fourth, the sources of emotional taxation varied greatly among activists, and transgender activists were particularly stressed by public engagements such as major events and marches. Transgender nonwhite activists also indicated relatively high levels of emotional stress related to online forms of engagement, such as posting on Twitter and Facebook. These findings could help identify the kinds of activists who participate, the kinds of issues advocated for, and why certain tactics are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I still thought [Biko] was shamming. I had had experience before with this tendency. —Colonel Goosen, 1977 inquest There was also a BBC reconstruction of the inquest with a well-known actor who played Sydney Kentridge—which I said that he wasn't as good as Sydney Kentridge, they should have had Sydney play himself. —George Bizos, 13 May 2008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ethical concerns associated with HIV prevention and treatment research have been widely explored in South Africa over the past 3 decades. However, HIV cure research is relatively new to the region and significant ethical and social challenges are anticipated. There has been no published empirical enquiry in Africa into key informant perspectives on HIV cure research. Consequently, this study was conducted to gain preliminary data from South African HIV clinicians, researchers and activists.Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted on a purposive sample of fourteen key informants in South Africa. Audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim with concurrent thematic analysis. The perspectives of HIV clinicians, researchers and activists were captured. Analyst triangulation occurred as the data were analysed by three authors independently.Results: The rapid evolution of HIV cure research agendas was prominent with participants expressing some concern that the global North was driving the cure agenda. Participants described a symbiotic relationship between cure, treatment and prevention research necessitating collaboration. Assessing and managing knowledge and expectations around HIV cure research emerged as a central theme related to challenges to constructing 'cure' - how patients understand the idea of cure is important in explaining the complexity of cure research especially in the South African context where understanding of science is often challenging. Managing expectations and avoiding curative misconception will have implications for consent processes. Unique strategies in cure research could include treatment interruption, which has the potential to create therapeutic and ethical conflict and will be perceived as a significant risk. Ethical challenges in cure research will impact on informed consent and community engagement.Conclusions: It was encouraging to note the desire for synergy amongst researchers and clinicians working in the fields of prevention, treatment and cure. Translation of complex HIV cure science into lay language is critical. Moving forward, RECs must be adequately constituted with scientific expertise and community representation when reviewing cure protocols. It is hoped that knowledge and resource sharing in the context of collaboration between research scientists working in cure and those working in treatment and prevention will accelerate progress towards cure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on transnational advocacy networks (TANs) suggests that they may be a valid option for activists in India, Brazil and South Africa (the members of the IBSA bloc) to coordinate efforts to influence their states’ foreign policy. Since its formation the IBSA bloc has formalised spaces for networking among governmental officials, business interests and academics. Yet there are no examples of TANs whose activism has occurred across IBSA, with the purpose of influencing the bloc’s policies. This case study of the challenges that Brazilian advocacy groups face in forging TANs with like-minded groups across IBSA sheds light on the challenges confronting activists and suggests ways of overcoming them. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The historiography of the national liberation struggle in South Africa is dominated by the feats of heroic male activists, in which women’s activism and the impact of the antiapartheid struggle on women and families are largely occluded. The past decade has witnessed the growth of a more inclusive ‘struggle’ historiography due to the mushrooming of women’s biographies and autobiographies. This article is based on interviews with five women whose partners were involved in anti-apartheid activism and who were either banned, forced into exile or incarcerated on Robben Island. Focusing on ‘ordinary’ women who had to see to the subsistence of family and household for extended periods contributes to a more inclusive narrative of anti-apartheid struggles. These gendered biographies highlight the multiple forms of oppression to which women were subjected and their multiple roles in the anti-apartheid struggle, and stress that gender should be a key part of one’s analytical toolbox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]