29 results
Search Results
2. Using data mining methods for risk assessment and intervention planning in diabetic patients.
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Ramanathan, Vanisree, Mhamane, Sharyu, Pawar, Jayesh, K., Nisha P., Kumar, Ujjwal, Tripathi, Shailesh, Pradhan, Keerti B., and Bhattacharya, Sudip
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DIABETES risk factors ,TREATMENT of diabetes ,BLOOD sugar analysis ,MEDICAL protocols ,RISK assessment ,PREPROCEDURAL fasting ,PREDIABETIC state ,DATA mining ,MEDICAL informatics ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,FOOD consumption ,SEX distribution ,AGE distribution ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
Introduction: Data mining in healthcare is a nascent arena of research in healthcare. Heterogeneity of Diabetes Mellitus in terms of clinical presentation calls for newer methods of research to study potential risk factors. Aim: The paper aims to use clustering techniques to identify the relationship between the four variables, namely the pre-prandial and postprandial sugar level, age and sex. Methods: The data was taken from a diagnostic laboratory in Wagholi, Pune. We conducted K-mean algorithm, EM algorithm, model-based clustering and t-mixture model. Results: It is evidenced that the data was best fitted to the t-mixture model. Our 50% samples were people with diabetes, 17% had prediabetes. Trivial correlation existed between age and sugar level. Males and females were equally at risk of having diabetes. Data presented concludes that age and sex have no effect on the risk of having diabetes. Data mining can be used to deduce meaningful clusters to drive plan-based interventions in the population. Conclusion: Methods of data mining can be used to deduce meaningful clusters in a heterogeneous dataset thus providing policymakers and healthcare researchers with novel information that will potentially contribute in formulating evidence-based policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. A Medical-Legal and Psychological Systematic Review on Vitriolage Related to Gender-Based Violence.
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Barchielli, Benedetta, Lausi, Giulia, Pizzo, Alessandra, Messineo, Manuel, Del Casale, Antonio, Giannini, Anna Maria, and Ferracuti, Stefano
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RISK of violence ,MENTAL illness risk factors ,ONLINE information services ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,CULTURE ,GENDER role ,ACIDS ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,AGE distribution ,DOMESTIC violence ,CRIMINALS ,VIOLENCE ,RACE ,GENDER ,RISK assessment ,CRIME victims ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,SOCIOECONOMIC status ,SOCIAL isolation ,INTIMATE partner violence ,SEX crimes ,SOCIAL classes ,ALCOHOL drinking ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,MEDLINE ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Attacks perpetrated using acid are a particular form of interpersonal violence, possibly one of the most heinous manifestations of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Acid attacks are mainly motivated by extramarital cheating, marital conflicts, women's rejection of marriage proposals, and sexual advances. As these attacks are not well understood from a psychological perspective, we conducted a systematic review, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, of 284 articles identified, 13 were eligible for inclusion. Three main focuses were identified: "Risk and vulnerability factors," "Consequences and implications," and "Interventions and treatments." Acid attacks seem to be more frequent in countries where social and economic development leads to greater tensions over traditional gender roles like Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India. Identified risk factors were young age, low socioeconomic status, low educational attainment, ethnicity, unemployment status of the victim, alcohol, and drug use of the perpetrator. Among the main psychosocial consequences of acid attacks, isolation and social exclusion emerged. Additionally, the paper will discuss the role of mental health consequences and specific treatments from psychological, clinical, and medical-legal points of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Travesty of Life Elders Abuse an Inquiry of Physical and Psychological Abuse.
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Bajpai, Naval, Kulshreshtha, Kushagra, Dubey, Prince, and Sharma, Gunjan
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PSYCHOLOGICAL abuse ,SOCIAL problems ,ANALYSIS of variance ,RESEARCH methodology ,AGE distribution ,RISK assessment ,SOCIAL isolation ,SEX distribution ,ABUSE of older people ,FACTOR analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors - Abstract
Elder abuse is evil in human society. The present paper unveils this social issue from two major factors psychological and physical abuse. The study sensitizes the subject matter of study by examining the effects of demographic variables like gender and age on elders. For achieving the purpose of the study the research is a design by exploring and validating the factors of measuring elder abuse through the mix method approach, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). To test the established hypotheses of the effects of the demographic variable on elders the two-way ANOVA was applied. The present study verdicts the development of a sound measurement scale with two influence factors. The separate and composite effect of aging and gender type on elder abuse was evidenced. These findings are crucial especially when the prevalence of elder abuse is higher during COVID-19. The limited novel understudied variable opens an avenue for further research in behavioral and demographic variables like marital status. The present study has practical insinuation for caring the elders in any human society like physical and psychological treatment of elders to avoid abusive situations. In addition, the study attempts to validate the novel issues like psychological and physical abuse of elders in the dimensions of demographic variables. Some rare studies in the Indian continent established the motivation of conducting the research on this dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Impact of social isolation and leisure activities on cognition and depression: A study on middle‐aged and older adults in India.
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Mishra, Bijeta and Pradhan, Jalandhar
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COGNITION disorder risk factors ,MENTAL depression risk factors ,LEISURE ,EXECUTIVE function ,ANALYSIS of variance ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,AGE distribution ,CROSS-sectional method ,MENTAL health ,SOCIAL isolation ,RISK assessment ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DISEASE prevalence ,CENTER for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ,DATA analysis software ,SENILE dementia ,DISEASE risk factors ,MIDDLE age ,OLD age - Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies highlight the negative impact of social isolation and involvement in leisure activities on enhanced well‐being of individuals. However, there is dearth of evidence on relationship between social isolation and leisure activities on cognitive abilities and depression of older adults in the Indian context. The paper reports the impact of social isolation and leisure activities on cognitive functioning and depression of older adults. Methods: Data were collected from the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India (LASI), and 63,806 participants aged 45 years or above were considered for the study with adherence to the exclusion criteria. Multivariate analysis was carried out to analyse the group‐based differences. Results: Social isolation (F = 102.09, p < 0.01; η2 = 0.09) and leisure (F = 224.54, p < 0.01; η2 = 0.07) had a statistically significant impact on the cognition and depressive symptoms of participants. Socially isolated older adults with little involvement in leisure activities had the worst cognitive functioning (M = 32.76, SD = 4.41), whereas middle‐aged adults who were actively involved in leisure activities and experienced the least social isolation exhibited the best cognitive functioning (M = 32.76, SD = 4.41). However, leisure and age as independent factors did not have a significant impact on depression. Conclusion: Socially isolated participants, irrespective of age, and involvement in leisure activities exhibit poor cognitive functioning and are more likely to suffer from depression as compared to their counterparts. The findings of the study can be used to design intervention strategies aimed at reducing social isolation by incorporating leisure activities to ensure the optimal functioning of middle‐aged and older adults. Key points: Socially isolated older adults with least involvement in leisure activities reported the worst cognitive functioning.Socially isolated participants reported a positive association with depressive symptomatology.Both middle‐aged and older adults who engaged in leisure activities reported better cognitive functioning as compared to their counterparts who did not engage in any form of leisure activities.Leisure as an independent factor is not significantly associated with depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Child marriage and exposure to secondhand smoke among women of childbearing age: evidence from a nationally representative study in India.
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Datta, Biplab Kumar, Tiwari, Ashwini, and Garner, Jamani
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HOME environment ,STATISTICS ,MARRIAGE ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,AGE distribution ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,WOMEN ,CHILDBEARING age ,PUBLIC health ,RISK assessment ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,GOVERNMENT policy ,AT-risk people ,PASSIVE smoking ,ODDS ratio ,TOBACCO - Abstract
Women in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) are disproportionately exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS), particularly in the home environment. Girls married before the age of 18 are more likely to remain at home and may be at higher risk of SHS exposure. This paper investigates whether women who were married as child brides had a higher risk of SHS exposure than their peers who were married as adults in India, where both burden of smoking and child marriage are critical public health concerns. Data were obtained from the 2015–2016 wave of the nationally representative India National Family Health Survey and included 306,788 married women ages 18 to 35 years. We estimated bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions to obtain odds ratios in favor of SHS exposure. The prevalence of SHS exposure for those who were married as adults was 50.3% while that was 55.2% for those who were married before age 18. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, the adjusted odds of SHS exposure for those who were married as child were 1.06 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.09) times that of those who were married as adults. Findings of this study inform policies for coordinated efforts to eliminate child marriage and strengthen tobacco control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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7. Adolescent Childbearing in India: Causes and Concerns.
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Bhakat, Priya and Kumar, Yatish
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RISK assessment ,HEALTH literacy ,REPRODUCTIVE health ,TEENAGE pregnancy ,HUMAN sexuality ,SOCIAL factors ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,CULTURE ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,SEX education ,SOCIOECONOMIC status ,CHI-squared test ,AGE distribution ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,SEX customs ,SURVEYS ,ODDS ratio ,UNPLANNED pregnancy ,STATISTICS ,MOTHERHOOD ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CONTRACEPTIVE drugs ,COUNSELING ,SOCIAL classes ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Globally, adolescent pregnancy is one of the key issues in women's reproductive health. Adolescent mothers face a higher risk of obstetrical concerns, and motherhood in adolescence is strongly influenced by lower education level and lower socioeconomic status. The present study was carried out across all Indian states and Union Territories using the National Family Health Survey, rounds 1 to 5 (1992–1993 to 2019–2021) in which various socioeconomic and cultural factors associated with adolescent pregnancies was examined in detail. The article uses univariate, bivariate with chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression models to understand the extent of which socioeconomic factors and sexual behavior of the couple are related to early motherhood experiences. It was found that age at marriage, respondent education, employment, age gap between partners, and religion are some of the important variables that affect the likelihood of adolescent pregnancy among females in Indian states. Comprehensive institutional efforts like free contraceptives and counseling services should be provided to address the increasing risk of pregnancy among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Prevalence, sociodemographic determinants and self-reported reasons for hysterectomy in India.
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Shekhar, Chander, Paswan, Balram, and Singh, Abhishek
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AGE distribution ,CYSTS (Pathology) ,DYSMENORRHEA ,FAMILY health ,HYSTERECTOMY ,MARITAL status ,MENORRHAGIA ,POPULATION geography ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RELIGION ,RISK assessment ,RURAL conditions ,SELF-evaluation ,SOCIAL classes ,UTERINE fibroids ,UTERUS ,PSYCHOLOGY of women ,REPRODUCTIVE health ,PRIVATE sector ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,BODY mass index ,DISEASE prevalence ,CROSS-sectional method ,PARITY (Obstetrics) - Abstract
Background: Evidence of hysterectomy in India is limited mainly due to lack of information in large-scale nationally representative health surveys. In 2015–16, the fourth National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) – a cross-sectional survey – collected for the first time direct information on hysterectomy and self-reported reasons for undergoing the procedure among women in the reproductive age group. This paper examines the prevalence and determinants of hysterectomy in India among women aged 30–49 years in 29 states and seven union territories (UTs) of India using the NFHS-4 dataset. Methods: Percentage weighted by sampling weights was used for estimating the prevalence of hysterectomy. The paper used crosstabulations and percentage distributions to estimate the prevalence of hysterectomy across different socioeconomic backgrounds and reasons for undergoing hysterectomy respectively. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was also used to find statistically significant determinants of hysterectomy. Results: In India as a whole, 6 % of women aged 30–49 years had undergone a hysterectomy. The percentage of women who had undergone the procedure was found to vary considerably across the states and the UTs (from a minimum of 2% in Lakshadweep to a maximum of 16% in Andhra Pradesh). A noticeable fact that emerged was that the majority of the hysterectomies were performed in the private sector except in the northeast region. Years of schooling, caste, religion, geographic region, place of residence, wealth quintiles, age, parity, age at first cohabitation, marital status, and body mass index of women were found to be the sociodemographic determinants statistically associated with hysterectomy in India. The reasons reported frequently for hysterectomy were excessive menstrual bleeding/pain (56%), followed by fibroids/cysts (20%). Conclusion: The percentage and likelihood of undergoing hysterectomy are relatively high among women from older age groups (45–49), those who reside in rural areas, those without schooling, those who are obese, those having high parity, those with a low age at first marriage, and those who reside in the eastern and southern parts of India. The policy implication of these findings is that the reproductive health program managers should ensure regular screening and timely treatment of the problems resulting in hysterectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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9. Clinical study of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients in a regional institute in South India.
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Arunkumar, Shantala, Barki, Renuka, Dodamani, Deepakakumar, Kiran, Navya, Hatti, Ajay S., Ghudusab, Shamshoddin, and Vinay, Mamatha
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DIABETES risk factors ,MYCOSES ,RISK assessment ,ANTIFUNGAL agents ,ADRENOCORTICAL hormones ,DISEASE management ,COMPUTED tomography ,FACIAL pain ,BRAIN diseases ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,TERTIARY care ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,CHI-squared test ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,AGE distribution ,NOSE diseases ,ORBITAL diseases ,CLINICAL pathology ,AMPHOTERICIN B ,HISTOLOGICAL techniques ,DATA analysis software ,COVID-19 ,COMORBIDITY ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is usually seen in immunosuppressed conditions like uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) and its associated immunosuppression and indiscriminate use of corticosteroids emerged as a new risk factor for ROCM during its' second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in India. The lack of standardized management protocol for ROCM needs the attention of the ophthalmic community. COVID-19-associated risk factors have been linked to the pathogenesis of ROCM, which reached epidemic proportions during India's second wave of the pandemic. The aim of the present study was to document cases of ROCM and to evaluate risk factors, including co-morbidities, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, management, and outcome at tertiary care centers during the Sars-CoV-2 (2021) pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It is a retrospective study of 42 patients of biopsy-proven mucormycosis. These patients' records were reviewed from hospital data. All patients were subjected to complete ophthalmological, ortorhino-laringological examination, and imaging studies. The orbital staging was done. Each case was treated by a multidisciplinary approach with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and intravenous (i.v.) amphotericin B (AMB). Retrobulbar liposomal AMB and exenteration were performed whenever indicated. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi square test. A p-value = 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Total 42 patients of ROCM were documented. The mean age was 50.48 years, with a male preponderance (82.9%). 99.8% of patients had diabetes (39 patients) and all patients were COVID-19-positive. Concurrent steroid use was seen in 83.3% where 73.1% of patients had received oxygen support during COVID-19 infection. The most common ophthalmologic presentation was orbital/facial oedema (33) and pain, diminution of vision (24), and ophthalmoplegia (26). Direct nasal endoscopy and biopsy were done to establish a diagnosis. All patients were treated with FESS and i.v. AMB. Retrobulbar AMB was given to 11 patients. Exenteration was done in (n = 4) 10.5% of cases. 41 patients recovered, and one patient died CONCLUSION: The most significant predisposing factors for developing COVID-19-associated ROCM are corticosteroids and DM. Patients with COVID-19 must be followed up even after recovery. For a favorable outcome with lower mortality in COVID-19 recovered patients, we must have a high index of clinical suspicion with awareness of red flag signs and make a timely diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. Anaemia in Indians aged 10–19 years: Prevalence, burden and associated factors at national and regional levels.
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Scott, Samuel, Lahiri, Anwesha, Sethi, Vani, de Wagt, Arjan, Menon, Purnima, Yadav, Kapil, Varghese, Mini, Joe, William, Vir, Sheila C., and Nguyen, Phuong Hong
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CLUSTER sampling ,BIOMARKERS ,C-reactive protein ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,AGE distribution ,POPULATION geography ,DIET ,RISK assessment ,SEVERITY of illness index ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HEMOGLOBINOPATHY ,SEX distribution ,SURVEYS ,ANEMIA ,DISEASE prevalence ,IRON deficiency ,RESEARCH funding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,MICRONUTRIENTS ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,ODDS ratio ,STATISTICAL sampling ,VENOUS puncture ,DISEASE risk factors ,CHILDREN ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Anaemia control programmes in India are hampered by a lack of representative evidence on anaemia prevalence, burden and associated factors for adolescents. The aim of this study was to: (1) describe the national and subnational prevalence, severity and burden of anaemia among Indian adolescents; (2) examine factors associated with anaemia at national and regional levels. Data (n = 14,673 individuals aged 10–19 years) were from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016–2018). CNNS used a multistage, stratified, probability proportion to size cluster sampling design. Prevalence was estimated using globally comparable age‐ and sex‐specific cutoffs, using survey weights for biomarker sample collection. Burden analysis used prevalence estimates and projected population from 2011 Census data. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyse factors (diet, micronutrient deficiencies, haemoglobinopathies, sociodemographic factors, environment) associated with anaemia. Anaemia was present in 40% of girls and 18% of boys, equivalent to 72 million adolescents in 2018, and varied by region (girls 29%–46%; boys 11%–28%) and state (girls 7%–62%; boys 4%–32%). Iron deficiency (ferritin < 15 μg/L) was the strongest predictor of anaemia (odds ratio [OR]: 4.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [3.21,6.83]), followed by haemoglobinopathies (HbA2 > 3.5% or any HbS) (OR: 2.81, 95% CI: [1.66,4.74]), vitamin A deficiency (serum retinol <20 ng/ml) (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: [1.23,2.80]) and zinc deficiency (serum zinc < 70 μg/L) (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: [1.02,1.72]). Regional models show heterogeneity in the strength of association between factors and anaemia by region. Adolescent anaemia control programmes in India should continue to address iron deficiency, strengthen strategies to identify haemoglobinopathies and other micronutrient deficiencies, and further explore geographic variation in associated factors. Key messages: The Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) 2016–2018 is the only nationally representative survey to measure haemoglobin, haemoglobinopathies, biomarkers of micronutrient deficiencies, diet and social factors in Indian adolescents aged 10–19 years.Using CNNS data, we found that 28.5% of adolescents (girls: 39.6%, boys: 17.6%) were anaemic, with variation by region or state.Our prevalence estimates translate to 72 million adolescents being anaemic, with Uttar Pradesh having twice as many anaemic adolescents as any other state.Iron deficiency, haemoglobinopathies, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency were associated with an increased risk of anaemia; these associations may vary subnationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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11. Concentration of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in eggplant vegetable (Solanum melongena) irrigated with wastewater: a systematic review and meta-analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment.
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Atamaleki, Ali, Yazdanbakhsh, Ahmadreza, Gholizadeh, Abdolmajid, Naimi, Nayera, Karimi, Pouria, Thai, Van Nam, and Fakhri, Yadolah
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DISEASE risk factors ,META-analysis ,CARCINOGENS ,AGRICULTURE ,HAZARDOUS substances ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,AGE distribution ,HEALTH status indicators ,EDIBLE plants ,CHEMICAL elements ,RISK assessment ,SEWAGE ,PROBABILITY theory - Abstract
The main objectives of this study were PHEs concentration meta-analysis (Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cd) in eggplant irrigated by wastewater and the following estimation of non-carcinogenic (n-CR) risk for the consumers based on countries. According to the results, the rank order of PHEs concentration in eggplant was Fe (88.3 mg/kg -dry weight) > Zn (10.1 mg/kg -dry weight) > Pb (3.0 mg/kg -dry weight) > Ni (2.7 mg/kg -dry weight) > Cu (1.1 mg/kg -dry weight) > Cd (0.9 mg/kg -dry weight) > Cr (0.05 mg/kg -dry weight). Moreover, n-CR risk showed that all investigated countries (China, India, Pakistan, Turkey, and Jordan) except for United Arab Emirates (UAE) had a considerable n-CR in both age groups (adults and children). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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12. Association of ABO Blood Group Antigen and Neurological Tumors.
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Patidar, Gopal K., Dhiman, Yashaswi, and Hazarika, Anjali
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BRAIN tumor genetics ,BRAIN tumor risk factors ,ABO blood group system ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,NEUROMAS ,NEUROSURGERY ,AGE distribution ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,SURGICAL clinics ,SCHWANNOMAS ,GLIOMAS ,RISK assessment ,CANCER patients ,COMPARATIVE studies ,SEX distribution ,BRAIN tumors ,MENINGIOMA ,PITUITARY tumors ,DISEASE prevalence ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,DATA analysis software ,ANTIGENS ,HEMANGIOMAS - Abstract
Background Various risk factors for tumors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and radiation, etc., were already identified. ABO blood group antigens are also present on epithelia, endothelia, and neurons. Recent evidence suggested the role of ABO antigens in the pathogenesis of certain malignancies. Materials and Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care neurosurgical center in North India from January 2016 to December 2018. The hospital information system was used to obtain patient information while the blood center information system was used to collect blood group information. Brain tumors were majorly divided into cavernoma, glioma, meningioma, neuroma, pituitary adenoma, schwannoma, and others. Results We found a total of 1,970 patients with brain tumors admitted during our study period. Most patients had glioma (33.55%), followed by pituitary adenoma (20.05%) and neuroma (2.23%). B blood group individuals had more prevalence of cavernoma, glioma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma, schwannoma, and others followed by O, A, and AB. Only association of O blood group with neuroma tumor was found statistically significant. Conclusions Our patient population had blood group distribution similar to our general population and no significant association was observed by blood group antigens and brain tumors. Although neuroma was significantly associated with blood group O but the prevalence of neuroma in our patient population is very low hence large sample study is required to draw a firm conclusion regarding this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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13. Examining the impact of socioeconomic status, demographic characteristics, lifestyle and other risk factors on adults' cognitive functioning in developing countries: an analysis of five selected WHO SAGE Wave 1 Countries.
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Larnyo, Ebenezer, Dai, Baozhen, Nutakor, Jonathan Aseye, Ampon-Wireko, Sabina, Larnyo, Abigail, and Appiah, Ruth
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COGNITION disorder risk factors ,LIFESTYLES ,SELF-evaluation ,CHRONIC diseases ,AGE distribution ,REGRESSION analysis ,RISK assessment ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,MEMORY disorders ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,COGNITIVE testing ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,DISEASE complications ,ADULTS ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Background: Though extensive studies have been conducted on assessing the predictors of cognitive functioning among older adults in small community-based samples, very few studies have focused on understanding the impact of socioeconomic status (SES), demographic characteristics and other risk factors such as lifestyle and chronic diseases on the cognitive functioning among adults of all ages in a nationally representative population-based sample across low- and middle-income countries. This study, therefore, seeks to evaluate the impact of SES, demographic characteristics and risk factors on the cognitive functioning of adults across all ages in five selected developing countries. Methods: Data from 12,430 observations obtained from the WHO Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1; consisting of 2,486 observations each for China, Ghana, India, the Russian Federation, and South Africa, were used for the study. A meta-regression and a five-step hierarchical linear regression were used to analyze the data, with cognitive functioning as the dependent variable. Independent variables used in this study include SES; assessed by household income and education, demographic characteristics, other risk factors such as lifestyle, self-reported memory difficulty and chronic diseases. Results: This study found that SES and lifestyle significantly predicted cognitive functioning in all the five selected countries as obtained by the pooled results of the meta-regression analysis. The hierarchical linear regression results also revealed that demographic characteristics such as age, type of residency, and self-reported memory difficulty significantly impact cognitive functioning in China, Ghana, Russia, and South Africa. Conclusion: The findings in this study provide new insights for policymakers, caregivers, parents, and individuals, especially those in developing countries, to implement policies and actions targeted at improving SES and eliminating risk factors associated with cognitive decline, as these measures could help improve the cognitive functioning among their populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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14. Risk factors for self-reported cataract symptoms, diagnosis, and surgery uptake among older adults in India: Findings from the WHO SAGE data.
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Agrawal, Sutapa, Fledderjohann, Jasmine, and Ghosh, Shreeparna
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DIABETES complications ,CATARACT diagnosis ,CATARACT ,WELL-being ,MIDDLE-income countries ,SELF-evaluation ,CROSS-sectional method ,AGE distribution ,CATARACT surgery ,RISK assessment ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MENTAL depression ,VISUAL acuity ,CHI-squared test ,LOW-income countries ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,VISION disorders ,ARTHRITIS ,ODDS ratio ,DATA analysis software ,SECONDARY analysis ,DISEASE risk factors ,SYMPTOMS ,DISEASE complications ,OLD age - Abstract
Visual impairments have a substantial impact on the well-being of older people, but their impact among older adults in low- and middle-income countries is under-researched. We examined risk factors for self-reported cataract symptoms, diagnosis, and surgery uptake in India. Cross-sectional data from the nationally representative WHO SAGE data (2007–2008) for India were analysed. We focused on a sub-sample of 6558 adults aged 50+, applying descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Nearly 1-in-5 respondents self-reported diagnosed cataracts, more than three-fifths (62%; n = 3879) reported cataract symptoms, and over half (51.8%) underwent surgery. Increasing age, self-reported diabetes, arthritis, low visual acuity, and moderate or severe vision problems were factors associated with self-reported diagnosed cataracts. Odds of cataract symptoms were higher with increasing age and among those with self-reported arthritis, depressive symptoms, low visual acuity, and with moderate or severe vision problems. Odds of cataract surgery were also higher with increasing age, self-reported diabetes, depressive symptoms, and among those with low visual acuity. A public health approach of behavioural modification, well-structured national outreach eye care services, and inclusion of local basic eye care services are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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15. Association between gender disadvantage factors and postnatal psychological distress among young women: A community-based study in rural India.
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Khanna, Tina, Garg, Priyanka, Akhtar, Faiyaz, and Mehra, Sunil
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STATISTICS ,MARRIAGE ,SOCIAL support ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,TEENAGE mothers ,PSYCHOLOGY of mothers ,AGE distribution ,RURAL conditions ,CROSS-sectional method ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,PUBLIC health ,SEX distribution ,RISK assessment ,SPOUSES ,PUERPERIUM ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,RESEARCH funding ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,STATISTICAL sampling ,ODDS ratio ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,ADULTS - Abstract
Common mental health disorders are studied extensively among adult women globally. However, they remain under-researched among young women. This study aims to determine whether gender disadvantage factors are associated with psychological distress among young women in rural India, where the child sex ratio is lower than the national average. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in rural Pune, India. A total of 229 young married women who had a live birth in the last 12 months were screened for psychological distress. The predictors of psychological distress were estimated using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Psychological distress was found among 50 respondents (21.9%). Young women who were married before 18 years had 2.19 times higher odds of distress than women who were married after 18 years. Young women who gave birth to a female infant had 2.43 times higher odds of distress than those who gave birth to a male infant. Lack of partner support and experience of postnatal health complications were other predictors. Study findings ascertain the role of gender disadvantage factors in causing psychological distress. From a public health perspective, early identification and treatment of psychological distress, is imperative, along with addressing gender inequitable practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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16. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of General Population and University Students Across the World: A Review.
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Singh, Shweta, Singh, Neelam, Ahiwar, Rajeev, Sagar, Surendra Kumar, and Mondal, Prakash Ranjan
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POPULATION ,ONLINE information services ,PSYCHOLOGY of college students ,SOCIAL support ,AGE distribution ,SOCIAL media ,HUMAN comfort ,MENTAL health ,WORLD health ,RISK assessment ,SEX distribution ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,MENTAL depression ,EMPLOYMENT ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,MEDLINE ,ANXIETY ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
Background: With the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic across the world, people have suffered an unexpected setback to their mental health. As psychological support is being provided to patients and healthcare workers, the general population and university students go unnoticed. This review aims to present existing literature that reports the effects of COVID-19 on psychological outcomes of the general population and university students in different countries. Methods: A manual search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar and Mendeley from inception to 31st January 2021. Articles were selected based on the predetermined eligibility criteria. Results: During COVID-19 pandemic, relatively high rates of depression (4.5% to 72.3%), anxiety (12.7% to 85.7%) and stress (5% to 90.1%) were reported in the general population as well as in university students, depression (3% to 70.5%), anxiety (9% to 63.3%) and stress (61.5% to 25%) in India, Nepal, Pakistan, China, Spain, US, UK, France, Egypt, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia. Risk factors associated include female gender, younger age group (≤40 years), unemployment, student status, and frequent exposure to social media/news concerning COVID-19. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with highly significant levels of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety and stress. Alleviating the hazardous effects of COVID-19 on mental health should be given due attention internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
17. Epidemiology of patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries undergoing reconstruction surgery in a multi-ethnic Asian population.
- Author
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Chan, Chloe Xiaoyun, Wong, Keng Lin, Toh, Shi Jie, and Krishna, Lingaraj
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AGE distribution ,ANTERIOR cruciate ligament surgery ,ANTERIOR cruciate ligament injuries ,ARABS ,ARTHROSCOPY ,CHI-squared test ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research ,FISHER exact test ,RESEARCH methodology ,OBESITY ,PATIENTS ,PUBLIC hospitals ,RACE ,RISK assessment ,SEX distribution ,SOCCER injuries ,SPORTS injuries ,STATISTICS ,SURGERY ,T-test (Statistics) ,SURGICAL therapeutics ,WHITE people ,ARTICULAR cartilage injuries ,BASKETBALL injuries ,BODY mass index ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,PREOPERATIVE period ,TREATMENT duration ,DATA analysis software ,TERTIARY care ,ODDS ratio ,MANN Whitney U Test ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
We conducted an epidemiological study to identify the demographics and pre-operative characteristics of patients undergoing primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in a multi-ethnic Asian population. A retrospective study was performed on 696 patients who registered in our ACL reconstruction registry from January 2013 to August 2016. Important inter-ethnic differences were found. Indian patients were significantly older compared to Malay and Chinese patients. Malay and Indian patients were more likely to be male, overweight, and obese compared to Chinese patients. Soccer was the predominant sport involved, although ethnic predominance in specific sports exists. Novel findings from this study include increased prevalence of concomitant chondral injuries in the Chinese population compared to Malays and Indians, and significantly higher rates of concomitant intra-articular injuries in soccer and basketball compared to netball. Identification of these high-risk subgroups would serve useful in guiding the formulation of prevention strategies within our multi-ethnic community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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18. High dietary micronutrient inadequacy in peri‐urban school children from a district in South India: Potential for staple food fortification and nutrient supplementation.
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Madhari, Radhika S., Boddula, Swetha, Ravindranadh, Palika, Jyrwa, Yvette Wilda, Boiroju, Naveen Kumar, Pullakhandam, Raghu, Mamidi, Raja Sriswan, Nimmathota, Arlappa, Kulkarni, Bharati, and Thingnganing, Longvah
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PREVENTION of malnutition ,ENRICHED foods ,MALNUTRITION ,AGE distribution ,ANEMIA ,C-reactive protein ,CHI-squared test ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DIETARY supplements ,FERRITIN ,FOLIC acid ,FOLIC acid deficiency ,HEMOGLOBINS ,HIGH school students ,INGESTION ,IRON ,IRON deficiency anemia ,METROPOLITAN areas ,MIDDLE school students ,NONPARAMETRIC statistics ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,REGRESSION analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,RICE ,RISK assessment ,SALT ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SCHOOL children ,STATISTICS ,MICRONUTRIENTS ,VITAMIN B12 ,VITAMIN B12 deficiency ,ZINC ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DATA analysis ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,DISEASE prevalence ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,KRUSKAL-Wallis Test ,ONE-way analysis of variance ,DISEASE risk factors ,ADOLESCENCE ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Multiple micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) co‐exist, often because of poor intakes and adversely impact health. Habitual diets were assessed in 300 school children (6–17 years old) recruited from two government schools by simple random sampling. Probability of adequacy (PA) for 11 micronutrients and mean probability of adequacy (MPA) was calculated. Haemoglobin, plasma ferritin, folic acid, vitamin B12 and C‐reactive protein were estimated. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to estimate magnitude and factors associated with MNDs. The contribution of fortified foods and/or supplements in addressing inadequacies and excessive intakes was modelled. The PA ranged from 0.04 for folate to 0.70 for zinc, and the MPA was 0.27. Prevalence of anaemia (53%), iron deficiency (57%; ID), iron deficiency anaemia (38%; IDA), folate deficiency (24%) and B12 deficiency (43%) was high. Dietary inadequacy of iron, zinc and a low MPA was associated with anaemia and IDA. Inclusion of double fortified salt (DFS), fortified rice (FR) or iron folic acid (IFA) supplements individually in habitual diet reduced probability of iron inadequacy significantly from 82% to ≤13%. Inclusion of DFS and FR simultaneously led to disappearance of iron inadequacy, but risk of excessive intake increased to 16%. Inclusion of DFS, FR and IFA together increased risk of excess iron intake to 40%. Nevertheless, intakes of folate and B12 remained inadequate even with FR and/or IFA. These results indicate a high risk of dietary MNDs in children and suggest need for more systematic intake measurements in representative sample and adjustment of iron dosages to avoid excessive intakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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19. Domestic Violence as a Risk Factor for Attempted Suicide in Married Women.
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Indu, Pankajakshan Vijayanthi, Remadevi, Sivaraman, Vidhukumar, Karunakaran, Shah Navas, Peer Mohammed, Anilkumar, Thekkethayyil Viswanathan, and Subha, Nanoo
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SUICIDE risk factors ,PSYCHOLOGY of abused women ,ACADEMIC medical centers ,AGE distribution ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,STATISTICAL correlation ,DOSE-response relationship in biochemistry ,DOMESTIC violence ,ISLAM ,MARRIED women ,MENTAL health ,CLASSIFICATION of mental disorders ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RISK assessment ,SPIRITUALITY ,STATISTICS ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DATA analysis ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,SOCIAL support ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,CASE-control method ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,TERTIARY care ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
High rates of suicide attempts and domestic violence (DV) in women of reproductive age group have been reported from South India, but the association between them was not studied. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess whether DV is a risk factor for attempted suicide in married women of reproductive age group. A hospital-based case-control study with 77 incident cases of attempted suicide in married women of the age group of 18 to 45 years and 153 controls belonging to the same age group, without history of suicide attempt, was undertaken over a period of 6 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done. The crude odds ratio (cOR) for DV was found to be 6.15 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = [2.95, 12.82], p value =.0001). Other statistically significant risk factors included younger age group (below 30 years); gross family income > Rs. 5,000; higher occupational status of spouse; having poor social support; having a family history of psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, and suicide/suicide attempt; higher impulsiveness scores; having higher scores of stressful life events over the past 12 months, and alcohol use disorder in husband. Islamic faith was found to be a significant protective factor. On logistic regression, DV was found to be an independent risk factor for attempted suicide in this study population (adjusted OR = 3.79, 95% CI = [1.35, 10.62], p value =.011). Age groups, stressful life events, impulsiveness, and alcohol use disorder in husband were the confounders adjusted for in logistic regression along with other significant risk and protective factors. Significant dose–response relationship was also observed between DV and attempted suicide. In accordance with the stress-diathesis model for suicidal behavior, DV is found to be a stressor which precipitates suicide attempt in those with diathesis like family history of psychiatric disorders. Clinical, research, and policy implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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20. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Treatment and Pharmacological Therapies.
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G. H., Midhun Kumar, Priyan, Shanmuga, P., Arunachalam, and K., Elavarasan
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PHYTOTHERAPY ,RHEUMATOID arthritis treatment ,RHEUMATOID arthritis diagnosis ,RHEUMATOID arthritis risk factors ,RITUXIMAB ,CYTOKINES ,FIBROBLASTS ,AGE distribution ,ANTI-inflammatory agents ,SEX distribution ,RISK assessment ,METHOTREXATE ,EICOSANOIDS ,LYMPHOKINES ,RHEUMATOID arthritis ,JOINTS (Anatomy) ,SYMPTOMS ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Arthritis is a persistent autoimmune ailment occurs more in females than in male above the age of 40. It initially affects the lining of synovial joint and the secretion of low synovial fluid also can lead to rheumatoid arthritis. It primarily affects the patient's health swelling in joint, redness and level decreases eventually. Diagnosis at an early stage of rheumatoid arthritis is the key to prevent from severe injuries in joint and other bone related diseases. There is also several plant based anti-inflammatory compound which involves in decreasing the pathogenesis of the ailment. There are several diseases related to rheumatoid arthritis, it includes pulmonary granuloma, vesicle damages and other symptoms are expected to occur early if unnoticed. This article discusses the risk factors, damages to joint and pharmacological therapies available for the diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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21. Prevalence and Predictors of Mental Health Disorder Among the Adolescent Living in the Slums of Lucknow, India: A Cross-Sectional Study.
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Chauhan, Satish Kumar and Dhar, Murali
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MENTAL illness risk factors ,PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology ,POVERTY areas ,AGE distribution ,CHI-squared test ,ISLAM ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RELIABILITY (Personality trait) ,RISK assessment ,SEX distribution ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,DISEASE prevalence ,CROSS-sectional method ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
India is the home of more than 253 million adolescents, which account for almost 21% of the country's population. In the recent past, there has been a rise in the prevalence of mental illness and maladaptive behaviours among adolescents living in slum populations, which are increasing at an alarming rate in many developing countries, mainly due to rural–urban migration, are characterized by poverty, poor housing, overcrowding, poor environment, and high prevalence of communicable diseases. This neglected population has become a major reservoir for a broad spectrum of adverse health conditions. Studies on the mental health status among adolescents in India are relatively scarce. The main objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of mental health disorder and its determinants among adolescents in slum settings in Lucknow, India; by using GHQ-12. The study used cross-sectional primary data which was collected in 2015–2016 from the adolescents living in various slums of Lucknow city. About 590 adolescents whose parents gave consent to participate were included in the study. Descriptive statistics, Chi square test and ordered logistic regression analysis (OLR) technique were used to assess the mental health. Reliability of GHQ-12 was assessed before performing the analysis which was found to be 0.79. Approximately, 33% of adolescents were found to suffer from severe level of mental disorder. The results of this study depicts that adolescents of age 12–15 years had more severe mental health problems compares to 16–19 years of adolescents. Females were more likely to suffer from severe mental health problems compared to moderate/normal mental health problems (OR 1.72; p < 0.001). Odds of severe mental health problems was significantly higher among Muslims (OR 1.66; p < 0.001) than Hindus. Thus, it was found that age, gender, education, caste, household economic status, media exposure and religion to be significantly associated with mental health problem. Government should provide a wide range of adolescent friendly health services (clinical, mental, nutritional, including counselling) in these slums for a better adolescent health outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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22. Association of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms with Body Mass Index (for age cut offs) in non-clinical sample of adolescents studying in public schools of Delhi; cross sectional study.
- Author
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Khanna, Preeti and Aeri, Bani Tamber
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MENTAL depression risk factors ,MALNUTRITION ,AGE distribution ,ANALYSIS of variance ,ANTHROPOMETRY ,ANXIETY ,BODY weight ,CHI-squared test ,MENTAL depression ,INTERVIEWING ,LEANNESS ,MENTAL health ,MIDDLE school students ,MIDDLE schools ,OBESITY ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,RISK assessment ,SEX distribution ,STATISTICS ,STATURE ,SAMPLE size (Statistics) ,PUBLIC sector ,JUDGMENT sampling ,BODY mass index ,DISEASE prevalence ,CROSS-sectional method ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Objectives: The present study was designed with the objective to study the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among adolescents and to explore the association of these disorders with Body Mass Index. Settings and Design: School setting and Cross-Sectional study design. Participants: 546 adolescents, aged 13-15 years, studying in public schools (n=5) in Delhi (Purposive sampling). Methods and Material: Anthropometric measurements: Height of the subjects was measured using a stadiometer in cm (to nearest 0.5cm). Weight was assessed using TANITA's Body Fat Monitor (UM-076). After gathering height and weight data, BMI (kg/m2) Z scores were calculated and classified into four categories: Underweight, Normal weight, Overweight and Obesity based on WHO's growth standards for BMI for age cutoffs. Mental Health Assessment: For this purpose, we used the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for ages 6-18 years; parent report version. Results: A V shaped curve (trend) was observed between the association of depression and anxiety scores in four BMI categories; with majority of the malnourished adolescents having higher scores for depression and anxiety symptoms. It was interesting to note that any deviation from normal weight, either underweight or overweight/obese was significantly associated with depression (p = <0.001) and anxiety (p = <0.001) scores. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the association between body weight and depression and anxiety symptoms among adolescents studying in public schools of Delhi. It adds to the growing body of research in the area of nutritional psychiatry which needs to be promoted for the prevention and management of these disorders through a healthy diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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23. Clinical Profile and Predictors of Outcome in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage from a Tertiary Care Centre in South India.
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Hegde, Ajay, Menon, Girish, Kumar, Vinod, Lakshmi Prasad, G., Kongwad, Lakshman I., Nair, Rajesh, and Nayak, Raghavendra
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DISEASE risk factors ,HEMORRHAGE diagnosis ,MORTALITY risk factors ,AGE distribution ,BASAL ganglia ,CEREBRAL hemorrhage ,BRAIN stem ,CEREBELLUM ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CRANIOTOMY ,HOSPITAL admission & discharge ,HYPERTENSION ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PATIENTS ,RISK assessment ,SEX distribution ,THALAMUS ,COMORBIDITY ,DISCHARGE planning ,GLASGOW Coma Scale ,MEDICAL drainage ,TERTIARY care ,ODDS ratio ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Background. This article attempts to evaluate the clinical profile and outcome determinants following hypertensive SICH in a South Indian population. The study represents the largest series of SICH reported from a single centre in India. Materials and Methods. Prospective data collection and analysis of patients with SICH admitted to our centre between 1
st January 2015 and 31st December 2018. The variables analysed include: age, sex, comorbidities, Glasgow coma score (GCS) on admission, radiological features, treatment modality, and outcome at three months. Modified Rankin score (mRS) was used to assess the outcome at discharge and three months. Results. Our study group of 905 patients included 638 males and 267 females and the mean age at presentation was 58.10 ± 12.76 years. The study group included 523 patients (57.8%) previously diagnosed hypertensive, of whom 36.3% (n = 190) were on irregular medication. The most frequent locations of hematoma were basal ganglia (478), thalamus (202), lobar (106), cerebellar (61), brainstem (31), and primary intraventricular haemorrhage (27). Secondary intraventricular extension was seen in 425 (47%) patients on admission. The mean volume of the clot on admission was 23.45 ± 19.79 ml, and clot progression was seen in only 46 (5.08%) cases. Surgical evacuation through craniotomy was done in 147 (16.8%) patients, and external ventricular drainage (EVD) was placed in 56 (6.2%) patients. Overall 3−month mortality was 30.1% (266 patients). On the last follow up a favorable outcome (mRS 0−3) was observed in 412 (45.53%) patients and a poor outcome (mRS 4−5) in 207 patients (22.87%). Independent predictors of mortality are Age >70 (p = < 0.001 , OR 4.806, 95% CI 3.064–7.54), admission GCS <8 (p = < 0.001 , OR7.684, 95% CI 5.055#x2013;11.68), and Hematoma volume >30 ml (p = < 0.001 , OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.626–3.691). Intraventricular haemorrhage was an additional poor outcome predictor (p < 0.015 , CI 1.105–2.585). Surgical evacuation reduced mortality in the group, but morbidity rates remained the same. Conclusions. SICH predominantly affects a younger population in India in comparison to the Western society. Elderly age, poor GCS on admission, clot volume above 30 ml and intraventricular extension remain the most consistent predictors of death and poor outcome. Further studies are needed to assess the risk of SICH among hypertensive patients and to prognosticate the outcome after SICH using novel predictors, including biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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24. Micronutrient intakes and status assessed by probability approach among the urban adult population of Hyderabad city in South India.
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Shalini, Tattari, Sivaprasad, Mudili, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Madhavi, Gangupanthulu, Radhika, Madhari S., Kumar, Boiroju Naveen, Pullakhandam, Raghu, and Reddy, Geereddy Bhanuprakash
- Subjects
MALNUTRITION risk factors ,AGE distribution ,BREAST milk ,CALCIUM ,FOLIC acid ,FOLIC acid deficiency ,FRUIT ,GRAIN ,HEALTH status indicators ,INGESTION ,IRON ,IRON deficiency anemia ,METROPOLITAN areas ,NIACIN ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,RISK assessment ,SEX distribution ,MICRONUTRIENTS ,VEGETABLES ,VITAMIN A ,VITAMIN B1 ,VITAMIN B12 ,VITAMIN B12 deficiency ,VITAMIN B2 ,VITAMIN C ,ZINC ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,CROSS-sectional method ,STATISTICAL models ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ADULTS - Abstract
Purpose: To assess the dietary inadequacies of micronutrients and the associated factors among the apparently healthy urban adults. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study involved 300 urban adults (distributed into age groups: 21–40, 41–60, and > 60 years) residing in Hyderabad city, South India. Hemoglobin in whole blood, ferritin, folate, and vitamin B12 (B12) in plasma was estimated. Dietary intakes were assessed by three 24-h dietary recalls and calculated the probability of adequacy (PA) using estimated average requirement. Results: The prevalence of anemia (30%), iron deficiency (ID, 23%), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA, 14.3%) was independent of age but higher in women. While folate deficiency (32.2%) was independent of age and gender, B12 deficiency (35.5%) varied by both age and gender. The PA of iron (89%) was higher, while that of folate, B12, and zinc (1–11%) were noticeably low. The mean PA (MPA) across the ten micronutrients was 38%, independent of age and gender, but associated with the educational status. Energy intake was a strong predictor of the MPA. Cereals and millets predominantly contributed to the intake of thiamine, niacin, zinc, and iron; green leafy vegetables and fruits to vitamins A, C, folate, and iron; animal foods to B12; and milk and milk products to calcium, vitamin A, riboflavin, and B12. The unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models revealed that micronutrient inadequacy was associated with greater risk of IDA and folate deficiency. Conclusions: These results indicate a higher prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among the healthy urban adults possibly due to the inadequacy of multiple micronutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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25. Non-fatal home injuries among the elderly in Tamil Nadu, India.
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Joseph, Alex and Bagavandas, M
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INJURY risk factors ,AGE distribution ,BURNS & scalds ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ACCIDENTAL falls ,HOME accidents ,PROBABILITY theory ,PUBLIC health ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RISK assessment ,SUICIDAL behavior ,TRAFFIC accidents ,WOUNDS & injuries ,SYMPTOMS ,DISEASE prevalence ,CROSS-sectional method - Abstract
Background: Injuries are considered as an emerging public health problem in India. Globally every year, injuries kill more than 5 million people, and by 2020, injuries will be the third-leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of nonfatal home injuries among the elderly in Tamil Nadu. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 1139 elderly (60 years and above), sampled from three districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Probability proportional to size sampling technique was used for sampling; a pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: Prevalence of nonfatal home injuries among elderly within the past 1 year was 14.6% (12.5–16.7 at 95% confidence interval), (n = 1003), among those injured, 94.5% were unintentionally injured and 5.5% were of intentional nature. When classified according to the types of injuries, majority of them had fall injuries (6.7%) followed by minor domestic injuries (5.4%), animal-related injury (0.2%), burn injuries (1.1%), road traffic injury (0.4%), and suicide attempt (0.8%). Majority of the respondents were in the age group of young-old, 60–69 years of age (84%), and there was more number of males (55%) in the study. Conclusion: The study reveals that nonfatal home injuries among elderly are an emerging public health problem, unintentional injuries contribute to the majority of the injuries, fall was the single largest contributor for all injuries among elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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26. Nutritional assessment of tribal women in Kainatty, Wayanad: A cross-sectional study.
- Author
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Mohandas, Sreelakshmi, Amritesh, K, Lais, Harsha, Vasudevan, Sanjeev, and Ajithakumari, S
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MALNUTRITION risk factors ,MALNUTRITION ,AGE distribution ,ANTHROPOMETRY ,HOSPITALS ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,INTERVIEWING ,LEANNESS ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,OBESITY ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RISK assessment ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SMOKELESS tobacco ,WOMEN'S health ,CROSS-sectional method ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Introduction: Women from a society reflect the culture that they are a part of and tribal women are the most disadvantaged considering the levels of illiteracy and ignorance. As per the National Family Health Survey 4 reports, in Kerala, undernutrition is particularly common among women from scheduled tribes, 20%. This study was done to assess the nutritional status and its associated factors among tribal women in the reproductive age group at Wayanad. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out during January 2017 at Amrita Kripa Charitable Hospital in Kainatty, Wayanad. The minimum calculated sample size was 186.
Using systematic random sampling, every third tribal woman in the age group of 15–49 years attending the general outpatient department as patient or bystander was interviewed using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire and examined for height, weight, body mass index, and pallor. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: Data were collected from a total of 223 study participants; 53.8% of them were undernourished (< 18.5 kg/m 2 ) with 25% severe underweight and 3.1% and 2.7% preobese and obese women. Participants who were <30 years of age (0.001), those who used smokeless tobacco (0.008), and women from the Paniya tribe 0.001 had significantly higher odds of undernutrition. Conclusion: Almost one-fourth of the study participants were severely undernourished and 5.8% belonged to obese and preobese categories, thereby indicating the gravity of the nutritional difficulties among tribal women. A well-planned and coordinated effort is needed to address the scenario of malnutrition among tribal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Prevalence and risk factors associated with tobacco smoking among adults in India: a nationally representative household survey.
- Author
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AHAMMED, BENOJIR, MANIRUZZAMAN, MD., KUNDU, SUBARNA, AL MAHMUD, JUBAYER, and FERDAUSI, FARZANA
- Subjects
SMOKING prevention ,STROKE risk factors ,AGE distribution ,CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,MARITAL status ,HEALTH policy ,POLICY sciences ,POPULATION geography ,RELIGION ,RISK assessment ,SEX distribution ,SMOKING ,SURVEYS ,WAGES ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,ECONOMIC status ,SELF-employment ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,TOBACCO products ,DISEASE prevalence ,CROSS-sectional method ,HEALTH literacy ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Background. Tobacco smoking is a global epidemic among adults and increases the risk of different diseases, and premature deaths. Objectives. This study attempts to investigate and estimate the prevalence and risk factors of tobacco smoking among adults in India. Material and methods. This study utilized cross-sectional data from the nationally representative 2017 Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Chi-square analysis was used to show the association between tobacco smoking and risk factors. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors of tobacco smoking based on p-values and odds ratio along with confidence interval. Results. The overall prevalence of tobacco smoking was 12.84% (Male: 25.01%, Female: 2.63%). The highest prevalence of tobacco smoking was in Meghalaya (35.04%) and the lowest in Goa (3.07%). Genderwise, the highest prevalence of tobacco smoking was 57.27% in Meghalaya for males and 7.27% in Manipur for females. This study found that 16 out of 19 covariates were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with tobacco smoking. Age, region, gender, education, religion, marital status, wealth index, number of living persons, and presence of smoking persons were found to be highly significant (p < 0.001) risk factors. Adults from 46-60 years, north east region, no education, daily wage/casual labourers and self-employed, non-Hindu, married. Poorest, presence of smoking persons, and no knowledge about smoking cause strokes had significantly higher risk of tobacco smoking. Conclusions. Tobacco smoking remains one of the major causes of diseases, deaths and economic losses. This recent realistic evidence will help policy makers to make policy for reducing tobacco smoking in India, as well as different states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Systematic review of drowning in India: assessment of burden and risk.
- Author
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Lukaszyk, Caroline, Ivers, Rebecca Q., and Jagnoor, Jagnoor
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AGE distribution ,CONSERVATION of natural resources ,DISEASES ,DROWNING ,RISK assessment ,SEX distribution ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,RESIDENTIAL patterns - Published
- 2018
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29. Adaptive functioning and its associated factors among girl children residing in slum areas of Bhubaneswar, India.
- Author
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Panigrahi, Ansuman, Das, Sai C., and Sahoo, Prabhudarsan
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PSYCHOLOGY of girls ,SOCIAL maturity scales ,COGNITION in children ,STUNTED growth ,SLUMS ,MALNUTRITION ,POVERTY areas ,ADAPTABILITY (Personality) ,PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation ,AGE distribution ,ANALYSIS of variance ,CHILD welfare ,GROWTH disorders ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,NEEDS assessment ,RISK assessment ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,DISEASE prevalence ,CROSS-sectional method ,RETROSPECTIVE studies - Abstract
Aim: Adaptive functioning develops throughout early childhood, and its limitation is a reflection that the child has developmental or emotional problems or even mental retardation. Little is known about the adaptive functioning or developmental status of slum children. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken during the year 2014 to assess the status of adaptive functioning among girl children aged between 3 and 9 years residing in slum areas of Bhubaneswar and to explore the factors associated with poor adaptive functioning.Methods: Stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling technique was used to select the study population; 256 mother-child pairs from 256 households in selected slum areas were studied. Demographic information was collected, and adaptive functioning was assessed using the modified Vineland Social Maturity Scale. Univariate and multivariate analyses was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.Results: One-fifth (54, 21%) of the girls sampled had poor adaptive functioning, and 44 (17%) had poor cognitive functioning. Multivariate analysis revealed that the age of the child, parents' education, presence of stunting in children and attending school/early childhood centre were strong predictors of adaptive functioning in slum children.Conclusion: One-fifth of girls from slums are developmentally vulnerable; parental education, stunting and early childhood education or exposure to schooling are modifiable factors influencing children's adaptive functioning. Health, education and welfare sectors need to be aware of this so that a multi-pronged approach can be planned to properly address this issue in one of the most disadvantaged sections of the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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