1. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity of Bakuchiol using RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines and in animal models stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
- Author
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Kumar A, Sawhney G, Kumar Nagar R, Chauhan N, Gupta N, Kaul A, Ahmed Z, Sangwan PL, Satheesh Kumar P, and Yadav G
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cytokines metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Graft Rejection immunology, Graft Rejection metabolism, Hypersensitivity, Delayed immunology, Hypersensitivity, Delayed metabolism, Immunity, Humoral drug effects, Inflammation chemically induced, Inflammation immunology, Inflammation metabolism, Inflammation Mediators metabolism, Lipopolysaccharides, Lymphocyte Activation drug effects, Macrophages immunology, Macrophages metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, NF-kappa B metabolism, Phagocytosis drug effects, Phosphorylation, RAW 264.7 Cells, Sheep, Signal Transduction, Skin Transplantation, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Graft Rejection prevention & control, Hypersensitivity, Delayed prevention & control, Immunosuppressive Agents pharmacology, Inflammation prevention & control, Macrophages drug effects, Phenols pharmacology
- Abstract
Bakuchiol (BAK) has been reported to have a diverse pharmacological property as an antibiotic, anti-cancer, anti-hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-convulsant agent. This study aimed to elucidate the immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory mechanism of bakuchiol using lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and various animal models. The present study has shown that BAK significantly suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in a dose-dependent manner and its oral administration significantly decreased delayed hypersensitivity responses as compared to control group. The assessment of immunomodulatory activity was carried out by the testing Hemagglutinating antibody (HA) titer, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses and phagocytic index by carbon clearance test. On the other hand, it showed significant decrease in circulating antibody titer and carbon clearance assay in a concentration-dependent manner. BAK has significantly potentiated the cellular immunity as well as humoral immunity by facilitating the footpad thickness responses in sheep RBCs in sensitized mice by significantly decreasing circulating antibody titer. Molecular studies revealed that BAK inhibited the activation of upstream mediator nuclear factor-κB by suppressing the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. The responses were statistically significant as compared with the control (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01)., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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