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2. A Critical Realist Approach to Reflexivity in Sustainability Research.
- Author
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Nastar, Maryam
- Abstract
In sustainability science, the research is expected to go beyond disciplinary thinking and incorporate different concepts, methods, and data to explore nature–society interactions at different levels and scales. In realizing these expectations, reflexivity is often noted as an influential factor in inter- and transdisciplinary research processes in sustainability science, wherein researchers reflect on their assumptions, judgments, roles, and positions in the research processes, rethink their ways of knowing and doing, and open up new possibilities for actions. Despite the growing literature on the notion of reflexivity in sustainability science and how it emerges during the research processes, the debates and discussions are often based on lessons learned from sustainability research projects, drawing on individuals' experiences and motivations. This paper aims to grapple with the notion of reflexivity from a structural point of view, which is less discussed in sustainability research, by drawing on critical realist literature. The paper first presents how reflexivity is understood and analyzed in inter- and transdisciplinary research processes by reviewing the recent studies of reflexivity in sustainability science research. Second, it highlights the knowledge gaps and the need to engage with an alternative view on reflexivity offered by Margaret Archer, one of the leading critical realist scholars. Third, it takes Archer's framework on reflexivity into sustainability research to explain the causal mechanisms impeding the emergence of meta-reflexivity in the process of knowledge integration and production in contemporary marketized and managerialized universities. Finally, the paper argues that in establishing practices (modus vivendi) that could address the structural barriers (not observable challenges), we need collective agency. To this end, it discusses different collective initiatives and courses of action that could lead to the emergence of collective agency, capable of tackling the cultural and material barriers to reflexivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Critical realism, critical discourse analysis, and the morphogenetic approach.
- Author
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Newman, Jack
- Subjects
CRITICAL discourse analysis ,CRITICAL realism ,DISCOURSE analysis ,SOCIAL reality ,SOCIAL change - Abstract
This paper contributes to the development of a critical realist approach to discourse analysis by combining aspects of 'critical discourse analysis' (CDA) and 'the morphogenetic/morphostatic approach' (M/M). Unlike poststructuralist discourse theory, CDA insists on the maintenance of two distinctions: (i) between discourse and other aspects of social reality; (ii) between structure and agency. However, CDA lacks clarity on these distinctions. M/M, on the other hand, offers a coherent modelling of these distinctions that can underpin the application of CDA. The paper begins by introducing CDA, M/M and the existing literature on critical realist discourse analysis. It then establishes the M/M model of social change within CDA's existing social theory by focusing on 'analytical dualism' and 'social practice'. Finally, the paper locates the concept of discourse within M/M's model of social change by theorizing discourse as one of four objective structures of meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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4. Integrating Archer and Foucault.
- Author
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Hardy, Nick
- Subjects
ARCHERS ,CRITICAL realism ,SOCIAL services ,ONTOLOGIES (Information retrieval) ,REALISM - Abstract
This paper compares Margaret Archer's morphogenetic critical realism and Michel Foucault's implicit discursive realism. It argues that there is a surprisingly high degree of correspondence between the two social ontologies. Specifically, both ontologies suggest that there are three largely autonomous domains in operation: cultural, structural, and agentive. Yet, while each of these domains have a level of independence, yet they are also partially constituted by the content and form of the others. This paper discusses the potential to integrate the two approaches in such a way as to overcome their respective short-comings, namely the underdevelopment of culture in Archer's ontology, and the underdevelopment of social agency in Foucault's ontology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. OSMANLI DEVLETİ'NDE MENZİL ATIŞLARINDA GENEL DÜZEN VE KURALLAR.
- Author
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BORAN, Mustafa
- Subjects
- *
ARCHERY , *RIFLE-ranges , *BOW & arrow , *OTTOMAN Empire , *SPORTS ,TURKISH history - Abstract
Archery was a very important aspect in Turkish history. Examined from a broad perspective archery influenced almost every field from literature to art and from sport to politics. The main axis of the paper is archery and activities in arrow fields. Albeit being an important sport especially in the Ottoman classical period, range archery in terms of composition it was a significant subject influential in different social areas such as crafts and literature. The paper in-depth examines the officers serving in range shooting, distance unit, range opening rules, shooting areas, shooting times, participation conditions, categories, competition rules and range competitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
6. "BOW ELK HUNT": Composition of the Kanozero Petroglyph Complex.
- Author
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Likhachev, V. A.
- Subjects
PETROGLYPHS ,HUNTING ,ROCK art (Archaeology) ,SAGITTARIUS (Astrology) - Abstract
This paper analyzes a scene from the Kamenniy 7 panel of the Kanozero petroglyph complex (North-West Russia). It could be called a "Bow Elk Hunt" scene. Previously, it was not distinguished as a scene. The article presents arguments in favor of the compositional connection of this scene with the neighboring large composition "Bear Hunt". The typological similarity of the analyzed scene with another elk hunting scene from this cluster was also revealed. The figure of an elk hunt with a bow is compared with similar scenes from Alta (Norway) and Zalavruga (Karelia, Russia). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
7. Realism and Contingency.
- Author
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Brock, Tom and Carrigan, Mark
- Subjects
CRITICAL realism ,CONTINGENCY (Philosophy) ,COLLECTIVE action ,STUDENT activism ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
This paper constitutes an extended response to Athanasia Chalari's paper The Causal Impact of Resistance, which suggests that one may derive from internal conversations a causal explanation of resistance. In the context of our engagements with critical realism and digital research into social movements, we review Chalari's main argument, before applying it to a concrete case: the student protests in London, 2010. Whilst our account is sympathetic to Chalari's focus on interiority, we critique the individualism that is implicit in her argument, arguing that it emerges because of an underlying neglect of the relational aspects of resistance. Instead, we offer a relational realist analysis that treats resistance as process within an ontologically stratified account of reality that is mindful of the contingency of political acts. Taking this route, we establish resistance as an emergent relation, generative of distinctive 'relational goods' in the context of collective action, which we locate at different levels of reality, as we move from an analysis of individual to collective reflexivity. In doing so we offer a sympathetic critique of Chalari, building on the thought provoking arguments contained within it, whilst also making a contribution to the theorisation of social movements and the 'relational turn' within realist social theory ( Archer, 2010, 2012). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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8. Rethinking the relationship between learner, learning contexts, and technology: a critique and exploration of Archer's morphogenetic approach.
- Author
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Li, Zhen
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL technology ,LEARNING ,INTERNET in education ,CURRICULUM ,SOCIAL theory - Abstract
The contextualized nature of learning with technology is widely acknowledged in research, but there remains a lack of sound social theorization to conceptualize and understand this contextualization. Giddens' structuration theory has been proposed as an appropriate tool for analysing and understanding human interactions with technologies. Drawing on Archer's critique of structuration theory, this paper critically analyses some of its recent uses in relation to e-learning and discusses their explanatory limitations. As an alternative, the paper proposes the use of Archer's morphogenetic approach and illustrates how it overcomes some of the major analytical weaknesses of structuration theory by enabling engagement with the powers of both structure and human agency without conflating them in a process of ‘mutual constitution’. It suggests that Archer's approach provides central analytical and explanatory significance to the multiple specific social contexts within which any e-learning course exists and the specific social interactions that take place amongst those engaged in it. Although based in e-learning for illustrative purposes, the conclusions drawn from comparison between structuration and morphogenetic approaches have application in the enhanced understanding and theorization of learning situations more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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9. Dense agent-based HPC simulation of cell physics and signaling with real-time user interactions
- Author
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Naman Merchant, Adam T. Sampson, Andrei Boiko, and Ruth E. Falconer
- Subjects
parallel agent-based simulation ,ARCHER ,ARCHER2 ,drug discovery ,complex system simulations ,real-time interactions ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
IntroductionDistributed simulations of complex systems to date have focused on scalability and correctness rather than interactive visualization. Interactive visual simulations have particular advantages for exploring emergent behaviors of complex systems. Interpretation of simulations of complex systems such as cancer cell tumors is a challenge and can be greatly assisted by using “built-in” real-time user interaction and subsequent visualization.MethodsWe explore this approach using a multi-scale model which couples a cell physics model with a cell signaling model. This paper presents a novel communication protocol for real-time user interaction and visualization with a large-scale distributed simulation with minimal impact on performance. Specifically, we explore how optimistic synchronization can be used to enable real-time user interaction and visualization in a densely packed parallel agent-based simulation, whilst maintaining scalability and determinism. We also describe the software framework created and the distribution strategy for the models utilized. The key features of the High-Performance Computing (HPC) simulation that were evaluated are scalability, deterministic verification, speed of real-time user interactions, and deadlock avoidance.ResultsWe use two commodity HPC systems, ARCHER (118,080 CPU cores) and ARCHER2 (750,080 CPU cores), where we simulate up to 256 million agents (one million cells) using up to 21,953 computational cores and record a response time overhead of ≃350 ms from the issued user events.DiscussionThe approach is viable and can be used to underpin transformative technologies offering immersive simulations such as Digital Twins. The framework explained in this paper is not limited to the models used and can be adapted to systems biology models that use similar standards (physics models using agent-based interactions, and signaling pathways using SBML) and other interactive distributed simulations.
- Published
- 2023
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10. Consensus and dissensus: changing perceptions of the public dimension of universities in a marketised environment.
- Author
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Guzmán-Valenzuela, Carolina, Barnett, Ronald, and Labraña, Julio
- Subjects
PUBLIC opinion ,STATE universities & colleges ,COLLEGE environment ,SPACE perception - Abstract
In this paper, the public dimension of universities in Chile is examined. Interviews were held with academics at both public and private well-established universities and new private universities. The analysis shows a consensus regarding the production of certain public goods such as knowledge, wider access and the promotion of a public sphere. It also reveals a dissensus such that academics at well-established universities tend to maintain a statist view of the public university in which the state plays a key role while academics at new private universities characteristically adopt an individualist view in which the university is detached from the state and more focused on securing social mobility. Drawing on an Archerian framework, it is suggested that these perceptions have been shaped by global, national and especially institutional factors. Critical questions arise concerning the possibility of spaces for new perceptions of the public dimension of universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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11. Ultimate concerns in late modernity: Archer, Bourdieu and reflexivity.
- Author
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Farrugia, David and Woodman, Dan
- Subjects
MODERNITY -- Social aspects ,SOCIAL change ,HABITUS (Sociology) ,REFLEXIVITY ,POLITICAL attitudes - Abstract
Through a critique of Margaret Archer's theory of reflexivity, this paper explores the theoretical contribution of a Bourdieusian sociology of the subject for understanding social change. Archer's theory of reflexivity holds that conscious 'internal conversations' are the motor of society, central both to human subjectivity and to the 'reflexive imperative' of late modernity. This is established through critiques of Bourdieu, who is held to erase creativity and meaningful personal investments from subjectivity, and late modernity is depicted as a time when a 'situational logic of opportunity' renders embodied dispositions and the reproduction of symbolic advantages obsolete. Maintaining Archer's focus on'ultimate concerns' in a context of social change, this paper argues that her theory of reflexivity is established through a narrow misreading and rejection of Bourdieu's work, which ultimately creates problems for her own approach. Archer's rejection of any pre-reflexive dimensions to subjectivity and social action leaves her unable to sociologically explain the genesis of 'ultimate concerns',and creates an empirically dubious narrative of the consequences of social change.Through a focus on Archer's concept of 'fractured reflexivity', the paper explores the theoretical necessity of habitus and illusio for understanding the social changes that Archer is grappling with.In late modernity, reflexivity is valorized just as the conditions for its successful operation are increasingly foreclosed, creating 'fractured reflexivity' emblematic of the complex contemporary interaction between habitus, illusio, and accelerating social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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12. A PARALLEL EDGE ORIENTATION ALGORITHM FOR QUADRILATERAL MESHES.
- Author
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HOMOLYA, M. and HAM, D. A.
- Subjects
ALGORITHM software ,FINITE element method ,COMPUTER storage devices ,COMPUTER simulation ,DATA modeling - Abstract
One approach to achieving correct finite element assembly is to ensure that the local orientation of facets relative to each cell in the mesh is consistent with the global orientation of that facet. Rognes et al. have shown how to achieve this for any mesh composed of simplex elements, and deal.II contains a serial algorithm for constructing a consistent orientation of any quadrilateral mesh of an orientable manifold. The core contribution of this paper is the extension of this algorithm for distributed memory parallel computers, which facilitates its seamless application as part of a parallel simulation system. Furthermore, our analysis establishes a link between the well-known Union-Find algorithm and the construction of a consistent orientation of a quadrilateral mesh. As a result, existing work on the parallelization of the Union-Find algorithm can be easily adapted to construct further parallel algorithms for mesh orientations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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13. The Concept(s) of Trust in Late Modernity, the Relevance of Realist Social Theory.
- Author
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Colledge, Barbara, Morgan, Jamie, and Tench, Ralph
- Subjects
MODERNITY ,SOCIAL theory ,SOCIAL reality ,ONTOLOGY ,REALISM - Abstract
In this paper, we argue that trust is an important aspect of social reality, one that realist social theory has paid little attention to but which clearly resonates with a realist social ontology. Furthermore, the emergence of an interest in trust in specific subject fields such as organization theory indicates the growing significance of issues of trust as market liberalism has developed. As such, the emergence of an interest in trust provides support for Archer's characterisation of late modernity in The Reflexive Imperative (2012) as a period of heterogeneity and greater incongruity. Commenting on this provides an opportunity to discuss the issue of habit in relation to trust and also the importance of the analysis of integration as a means to explain problems of trust. The commentary draws on examples from finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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14. Leveraging MPI RMA to optimize halo‐swapping communications in MONC on Cray machines.
- Author
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Brown, Nick, Bareford, Michael, and Weiland, Michèle
- Subjects
MESSAGE passing (Computer science) ,ATMOSPHERIC models ,COMMUNICATION styles ,MACHINING ,GRAVITATIONAL lenses - Abstract
Summary: Remote Memory Access (RMA), also known as single‐sided communications, provides a way for reading and writing directly into the memory of other processes without having to issue explicit message passing style communication calls. Previous studies have concluded that MPI RMA can provide increased communication performance over traditional MPI Point to Point (P2P), but these are based on synthetic benchmarks rather than real‐world codes. In this work, we replace the existing non‐blocking P2P communication calls in the Met Office NERC Cloud model, a mature code for modeling the atmosphere, with MPI RMA. We describe our approach in detail and discuss the options taken for correctness and performance. Experiments are performed on ARCHER, a Cray XC30, and Cirrus, an SGI ICE machine. We demonstrate on ARCHER that, by using RMA, we can obtain between a 5% and 10% reduction in communication time at each timestep on up to 32768 cores, which over the entirety of a run (with many timesteps) results in a significant improvement in performance compared to P2P on the Cray. However, RMA is not a silver bullet, and there are challenges when integrating RMA calls into existing codes: important optimizations are necessary to achieve good performance and library support is not universally mature, as is the case on Cirrus. In this paper, we discuss, in the context of a real‐world code, the lessons learned converting P2P to RMA, explore performance and scaling challenges, and contrast alternative RMA synchronization approaches in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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15. Testing and Tuning of the Sport Archery Bow and Arrow System.
- Author
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ZANEVSKYY, Ihor and ZANEVSKA, Lyudmyla
- Subjects
BOW & arrow ,SPORTS competitions ,SPORTS ,MASS shootings - Abstract
Background. Testing and tuning of the archery bow and arrow system is an important component for successful shooting. The aim of the research is to develop an analytical method of the virtual testing and tuning of the archery bow and arrow system and optimizing of the height of the plunger and arrow rest. Materials and Methods. Modern recurve bows in the frames of International Archery Federation standards are studied. Modeling is used to derive a method of preparation of the bow for sport archery competition. A model of the archery bow as a kinematical chain with solid members united with rotated kinematical pairs is investigated. Results. The bow and arrow system was studied in the braced and drawn situations, and methods of virtual testing and optimizing of the height of the plunger and arrow rest above the hand is developed. The bow and arrow with a zero angle of attack can not be symmetrical in the main plane because an arrow and a hand that holds a bow could not situated together at the same place. Conclusion. The results of modeling are presented in a simple form (as tables and figures) which are suitable for coachers and shooters who are unready to use the mathematical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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16. Quiver Belt Fasteners from Developed Middle Age Burials in the Kuznetsk Basin
- Author
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Andrey M. Ilyushin and Marat G. Suleymenov
- Subjects
armament ,archer ,quiver ,fastener ,loop ,pad ,brace ,hook ,middle ages ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The paper addresses the fasteners used to attach a quiver to a battle belt based on developed Middle Age materials from the Kuznetsk Basin. Quiver loops, pads, braces and hooks are subjected to typological classification, comparative analysis, dating and ethnocultural characterization. Five groups and thirteen types of products are distinguished, dated at different intervals within the 11th–14th centuries. The bulk of the finds belong to the archeological and ethnographic complex of burials conducted using an ingumation ritual with a carcass or skin of a horse, and the Shandin archaeological culture identified with the Kypchak culture. It is concluded that the use of quiver fasteners in the territory of the Kuznetsk Basin during the developed Middle Ages reflects the general dynamics of the development of similar products in steppe and forest-steppe Eurasia.
- Published
- 2022
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17. Archery Algorithm: A Novel Stochastic Optimization Algorithm for Solving Optimization Problems.
- Author
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Ahmadi Zeidabadi, Fatemeh, Dehghani, Mohammad, Trojovský, Pavel, Hubálovský, Štěpán, Leiva, Victor, and Dhiman, Gaurav
- Subjects
MATHEMATICAL optimization ,PROBLEM solving ,ARCHERY ,ALGORITHMS ,GENETIC algorithms - Abstract
Finding a suitable solution to an optimization problem designed in science is a major challenge. Therefore, these must be addressed utilizing proper approaches. Based on a random search space, optimization algorithms can find acceptable solutions to problems. Archery Algorithm (AA) is a new stochastic approach for addressing optimization problems that is discussed in this study. The fundamental idea of developing the suggested AA is to imitate the archer's shooting behavior toward the target panel. The proposed algorithm updates the location of each member of the population in each dimension of the search space by a member randomly marked by the archer. The AA is mathematically described, and its capacity to solve optimization problems is evaluated on twenty-three distinct types of objective functions. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm's performance is compared vs. eight approaches, including teaching-learning based optimization, marine predators algorithm, genetic algorithm, grey wolf optimization, particle swarm optimization, whale optimization algorithm, gravitational search algorithm, and tunicate swarm algorithm. According to the simulation findings, the AA has a good capacity to tackle optimization issues in both unimodal and multimodal scenarios, and it can give adequate quasi-optimal solutions to these problems. The analysis and comparison of competing algorithms' performance with the proposed algorithm demonstrates the superiority and competitiveness of the AA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Critical realism, critical discourse analysis, and the morphogenetic approach
- Author
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Jack Newman
- Subjects
Discourse analysis ,05 social sciences ,050109 social psychology ,Fairclough ,Epistemology ,Philosophy ,Critical realist ,Critical discourse analysis ,Critical realism ,Critical realism (philosophy of perception) ,0502 economics and business ,Morphogenesis ,Realist discourse analysis ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Sociology ,Archer ,050203 business & management - Abstract
This paper contributes to the development of a critical realist approach to discourse analysis by combining aspects of ‘critical discourse analysis’ (CDA) and ‘the morphogenetic/morphostatic approach’ (M/M). Unlike poststructuralist discourse theory, CDA insists on the maintenance of two distinctions: (i) between discourse and other aspects of social reality; (ii) between structure and agency. However, CDA lacks clarity on these distinctions. M/M, on the other hand, offers a coherent modelling of these distinctions that can underpin the application of CDA. The paper begins by introducing CDA, M/M and the existing literature on critical realist discourse analysis. It then establishes the M/M model of social change within CDA’s existing social theory by focusing on ‘analytical dualism’ and ‘social practice’. Finally, the paper locates the concept of discourse within M/M’s model of social change by theorizing discourse as one of four objective structures of meaning.
- Published
- 2020
19. The Role of Core Stability Exercises on Internal Rotator Cuff Muscles Strength and its Motor Function in Amateur Archers.
- Author
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Zanjani, Farhad Safari, Haghani, Ali, Mousavi, Seyyed Hossein, Zanjani, Hooman Safari, and Müniroglu, Sürhat
- Subjects
AMATEUR athletes ,RESEARCH methodology ,ARCHERY ,FUNCTIONAL assessment ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,MUSCLE strength ,GLENOHUMERAL joint ,ABDOMINAL exercises ,STATISTICAL sampling ,BACK exercises ,ROTATOR cuff ,MOTOR ability - Abstract
Purpose: Most studies have examined the effect of stretching and strengthening exercises on the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint). However, due to the importance of the relationship between core stability and pectoral girdle, especially in archery athletes, this study aimed to investigate the effect of six weeks of core stability exercises on the internal rotator muscle strength of the glenohumeral joint and its motor function in male archers. Methods: For this purpose, 30 athletes were randomly divided into 2 groups of 15: with core stability exercises (experimental group) and without core stability exercises (control group). The motor function was measured using the upper quarter Y-balance test (UQYBT), and the muscle strength of the lumbar muscles was measured using a handheld dynamometer (HHD). Then, the experimental group underwent a selected exercise program for 6 weeks. Both groups were tested again (post-test). SPSS software version 21 was used to analyze the collected data; also, independent and dependent samples t-tests were used to compare the data. The significance level in the test was determined at 95%. Results: Changes in posttest results on internal rotator muscle strength (P=0.001) and motor function (P=0.022) showed a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Therefore, due to the effect of core stability exercises on the above variables, it is recommended that archery athletes, in addition to specific exercises, do such exercises to improve the function of the glenohumeral joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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20. Parallel encryption of input and output data for HPC applications.
- Author
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Lapworth, Leigh
- Subjects
BLOCKCHAINS ,SUPERCOMPUTERS ,ARCHERS - Abstract
A methodology for protecting confidential data sets on third-party HPC systems is reported. This is based on the NIST AES algorithm and supports the common ECB, CTR and CBC modes. The methodology is built on a flexible programming model that delegates management of the encryption key to the application code. The methodology also includes a fine-grain control over which arrays on the files are encrypted. All the stages in an encrypted workflow are investigated using an established CFD code. Benchmarks are reported using the UK national supercomputer service (ARCHER) running the CFD code on up to 18,432 cores. Performance benchmarks demonstrate the importance of the way the encryption metadata is treated. Naïve treatments are shown to have a large impact on performance. However, through a more judicious treatment, the time to run the solver with encrypted input and output data is shown to be almost identical to that with plain data. A novel parallel treatment of the block chaining in AES-CBC mode allows users to benefit from the avalanche properties of this mode relative to the CTR mode, with no penalty in run-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Shooting Performance and Cognitive Functions in Archers.
- Author
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Tsung-Yi Wu, Jui-Ti Nien, Kuan, Garry, Chih-Han Wu, Yi-Chieh Chang, Hsueh-Chih Chen, and Yu-Kai Chang
- Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) called mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP) on athletic performance and cognitive functions in archers, as well as the role of psychological status and the dose-response relationship of MBPP in archery performance. Twenty-three archers completed a simulated archery competition and the Stroop task prior to and after MBPP training, which consisted of eight sessions over four weeks, while the mindfulness and rumination levels of the archers were assessed at three time points, namely, before, at the mid-point of, and after the MBPP program. The results revealed that the MBPP program significantly improved the shooting performance (p = 0.002, d = 0.27), multiple cognitive functions (ps < 0.001, d = 0.51∼0.71), and mindfulness levels of the archers on the post-test, compared to the pre-test (p = 0.032, ηp
2 = 0.15 for general; p = 0.004, ηp2 = 0.22 for athletic). Additionally, negative ruminations level was decreased from the pre-test to the middle-test and post-test (ps < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.43). These findings provide preliminary evidence to support the view that MBPP could serve as a promising form of training for fine motor sport performance, cognitive functions, and specific psychological status, such that it warrants further study.3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Curriculum projects, learner agency and young people's fullness of life.
- Author
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Raffo, Carlo, Roth, Wolff‐Michael, Buck, Rob, and Hodson, Patsy
- Subjects
STUDENT engagement ,CURRICULUM ,STUDENT well-being ,REFLEXIVITY ,CURRICULUM research - Abstract
A recent article in this journal suggests that although learner agency is central to understanding young people's engagement with the curriculum, there is little exploration of such ideas in the field. In response, they argued for an Archerian approach to learner agency and a contextually, interpersonally, intra‐personally and temporally situated curriculum that suggests the centrality of young people's educational reflexivity and associated learner agency for mediating the structural aspects of their educational lives. We reflect on this thinking through the lens of a curriculum project the design of which was similarly inspired by the work of Margaret Archer. We do so through the eyes of Grace, one of the young participants in the project. We learn from Grace that learner agency and curriculum engagement is not, as Archer's framework suggests, a substantively self‐authored reflexive endeavour that can be made amenable to change through a bespoke curriculum project. Rather learner (agency) in young people might be more accurately theorised in pragmatist terms as something embedded in the drama of the fullness of their everyday lives of which the curriculum represents just a tiny part. The implications for the field of learner agency and curriculum studies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Cartoon controversies and geopolitics: Archer, animators and audiences.
- Author
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Thorogood, Joe
- Subjects
ANIMATORS ,ANIMATED films ,POLITICAL satire ,AUDIENCES ,GEOPOLITICS - Abstract
Copyright of Social & Cultural Geography is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Vojna posada u Saloni u 1. stoljeću.
- Author
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MATIJEVIĆ, IVAN
- Subjects
ARMED Forces ,INFANTRY ,CIVIL war ,CAVALRY ,MILITARY bases - Abstract
Copyright of Historical Journal / Historijski Zbornik is the property of Drustvo za Hrvatsku Povjesnicu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
25. Using reflexivity to explain variations in migration among the highly-skilled.
- Author
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Saar, Maarja
- Subjects
REFLEXIVITY ,NATIONALISM ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
Migration literature has traditionally distinguished between different motivations of migration, such as labour, family and newly also lifestyle migration, never fully exploring the background of these motivations. This article suggests that these different motivations may be explained by different modes of reflexivity as distinguished by Margaret Archer. Linking modes of reflexivity with migration motivations addresses two problems in current migration literature. First, it provides for practical application of reflexivity in explaining migration motivations, which has been missing so far. Second, the article advocates using psycho-social approach as opposed to more commonly adapted ethnical or class based explanations in understanding migration behavior, hence avoiding the potential trap of falling into the trap of methodological nationalism or classism. Through the interview with highly-skilled Estonian migrants it is shown that the reasons of migration among highly skilled are versatile and cannot be explained solely by their class background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The causal role of ideology and Cultural Systems in radicalisation and de-radicalisation.
- Author
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Clubb, Gordon and McDaid, Shaun
- Subjects
IDEOLOGY ,MORPHOGENESIS ,CONTRADICTION ,BALLOTS ,ONTOLOGY - Abstract
The concepts of radicalisation and de-radicalisation are primarily defined by the assumption they make that there is a causal relationship between ideas and action. However, the causal role of ideas in informing behaviour has been strongly contested and has thus far eluded and undermined radicalisation and de-radicalisation conceptually and practically. The following article provides a theoretical basis for identifying the causal relationship between ideas and action through Margaret Archer's critical realist ontology. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Northern Ireland, the article identifies processes of ideational causal reproduction and morphogenesis in the Provisional Irish Republican Army's thinking on armed struggle during its transition away from armed violence. It argues that the adoption of the Armalite and Ballot Box strategy in the 1980s introduced a contradiction in the movement's ideology and that the movement was pressured to address this contradiction through three corrective cycles throughout the peace-process, subsequently softening its position on armed struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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27. Финансовые, военные и логистические аспекты подготовки английского вторжения во Францию в 1415 г
- Author
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Sanzharov, Valery Anatolievich
- Subjects
Генрих V ,Столетняя война ,контрактная система ,военные дружины ,капитаны ,рыцарь ,баннере ,аршер ,флот ,логистика ,World History ,Henry V ,Hundred Years War ,indenture system ,retinue ,captains ,knight ,banneret ,archer ,navies ,logistics ,всемирная история - Abstract
This article considers the organisational component of the preparation of the English invasion of France in 1415. The army of Henry V was one of the largest during the entire Hundred Years War. The development of raising whole armies, rather than merely minor, “non-royal”, expeditions, by contracting for indentured retinues should be seen as primarily an evolutionary consequence of the need to plan and manage the increased scale and duration of continental wars. The three central points to mobilisation are the recognised and necessary authority of the king, the strategic planning role of the council, and the function of the chancery in communicating administrative instructions. Both modern researchers and chroniclers are forced to determine the purpose of the invasion relying on the subsequent actions of the king and his army; until the last moment, the king kept even the place of the upcoming landing secret. The paper analyses the principles of acquisition of the expeditionary military contingent: the influence of the king’s personal participation on the composition, organisational structure, and recruiting of troops (a combination of direct recruitment and indentured retinues). It is emphasised that almost all the highest nobility of the kingdom was involved in the royal army. A significant number of military retinues (and captains) are noted as a distinctive feature of the army in 1415. The article also analyses the financing of the campaign and the sources of payment for military service (direct and indirect taxes, loans, and pleading of the crown jewels). The author examines the organisation of the supply and logistic aspects of the upcoming military expedition to the continent, i.e. the preparation and provision of weapons (including siege equipment), horses and vehicles, provisions and fodder, the principles of collecting ships and their number, payment for ships and crews, the place / mooring of the fleet, and features of landing., Статья посвящена организационной составляющей подготовки английского вторжения во Францию в 1415 г. Войско Генриха V было одним из самых крупных за все время Столетней войны. Организацию подобных войск, а не просто мелких, «не королевских», экспедиций, путем заключения договоров на контрактные дружины следует рассматривать в первую очередь как неизбежное следствие необходимости планирования и управления возросшими масштабами и продолжительностью континентальных войн. Три основных момента мобилизации: признанная и необходимая власть короля, роль совета в стратегическом планировании и коммуникативная функция канцелярии по передаче административных инструкций. Современные исследователи, как и хронисты, вынуждены определять цель вторжения из последующих действий короля и его воинства: до последнего момента король держал в тайне даже место предстоящей высадки. В работе анализируются принципы комплектования экспедиционного воинского контингента: влияние личного участия короля на состав, организационную структуру и рекрутирование войска (сочетание прямого призыва и контрактной системы). Подчеркивается, что в королевском войске задействовано практически все высшее дворянство королевства. Отмечено значительное количество воинских подразделений (и капитанов) как отличительная особенность войска 1415 г. В статье также анализируются финансирование похода и источники оплаты воинской службы (прямые и косвенные налоги, займы, заклад драгоценностей короны). Разбираются организация снабжения и логистические аспекты предстоящей военной экспедиции на континент: подготовка и обеспечение вооружением (в том числе осадной техникой), лошадьми и средствами передвижения, провиантом и фуражом, принципы сбора судов и их количество, оплата кораблей и команд, место / места стоянки флота, особенности высадки.
- Published
- 2022
28. Financial, Military, and Logistic Aspects of the Preparation for the English Invasion of France in 1415
- Author
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Sanzharov, V. A.
- Subjects
ЛОГИСТИКА ,ГЕНРИХ V ,КОНТРАКТНАЯ СИСТЕМА ,АРШЕР ,ФЛОТ ,HENRY V ,КАПИТАНЫ ,РЫЦАРЬ ,ARCHER ,HUNDRED YEARS WAR ,LOGISTICS ,CAPTAINS ,NAVIES ,ВОЕННЫЕ ДРУЖИНЫ ,KNIGHT ,INDENTURE SYSTEM ,БАННЕРЕ ,RETINUE ,BANNERET ,СТОЛЕТНЯЯ ВОЙНА - Abstract
Поступила в редакцию: 01.03.2021. Принята к печати: 28.12.2021. Submitted: 01.03.2021. Accepted: 28.12.2021. Статья посвящена организационной составляющей подготовки английского вторжения во Францию в 1415 г. Войско Генриха V было одним из самых крупных за все время Столетней войны. Организацию подобных войск, а не просто мелких, «не королевских», экспедиций, путем заключения договоров на контрактные дружины следует рассматривать в первую очередь как неизбежное следствие необходимости планирования и управления возросшими масштабами и продолжительностью континентальных войн. Три основных момента мобилизации: признанная и необходимая власть короля, роль совета в стратегическом планировании и коммуникативная функция канцелярии по передаче административных инструкций. Современные исследователи, как и хронисты, вынуждены определять цель вторжения из последующих действий короля и его воинства: до последнего момента король держал в тайне даже место предстоящей высадки. В работе анализируются принципы комплектования экспедиционного воинского контингента: влияние личного участия короля на состав, организационную структуру и рекрутирование войска (сочетание прямого призыва и контрактной системы). Подчеркивается, что в королевском войске задействовано практически все высшее дворянство королевства. Отмечено значительное количество воинских подразделений (и капитанов) как отличительная особенность войска 1415 г. В статье также анализируются финансирование похода и источники оплаты воинской службы (прямые и косвенные налоги, займы, заклад драгоценностей короны). Разбираются организация снабжения и логистические аспекты предстоящей военной экспедиции на континент: подготовка и обеспечение вооружением (в том числе осадной техникой), лошадьми и средствами передвижения, провиантом и фуражом, принципы сбора судов и их количество, оплата кораблей и команд, место / места стоянки флота, особенности высадки. This article considers the organisational component of the preparation of the English invasion of France in 1415. The army of Henry V was one of the largest during the entire Hundred Years War. The development of raising whole armies, rather than merely minor, “non-royal”, expeditions, by contracting for indentured retinues should be seen as primarily an evolutionary consequence of the need to plan and manage the increased scale and duration of continental wars. The three central points to mobilisation are the recognised and necessary authority of the king, the strategic planning role of the council, and the function of the chancery in communicating administrative instructions. Both modern researchers and chroniclers are forced to determine the purpose of the invasion relying on the subsequent actions of the king and his army; until the last moment, the king kept even the place of the upcoming landing secret. The paper analyses the principles of acquisition of the expeditionary military contingent: the influence of the king’s personal participation on the composition, organisational structure, and recruiting of troops (a combination of direct recruitment and indentured retinues). It is emphasised that almost all the highest nobility of the kingdom was involved in the royal army. A significant number of military retinues (and captains) are noted as a distinctive feature of the army in 1415. The article also analyses the financing of the campaign and the sources of payment for military service (direct and indirect taxes, loans, and pleading of the crown jewels). The author examines the organisation of the supply and logistic aspects of the upcoming military expedition to the continent, i.e. the preparation and provision of weapons (including siege equipment), horses and vehicles, provisions and fodder, the principles of collecting ships and their number, payment for ships and crews, the place / mooring of the fleet, and features of landing.
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- 2022
29. On reflexivity and the conduct of the self in everyday life: reflections on Bourdieu and Archer.
- Author
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Akram, Sadiya and Hogan, Anthony
- Subjects
REFLEXIVITY ,HABITUS (Sociology) ,EVERYDAY life ,POLITICAL attitudes - Abstract
This article provides a critique of the concept of reflexivity in social theory today and argues against the tendency to define agency exclusively in terms of reflexivity. Margaret Archer, in particular, is highlighted as a key proponent of this thesis. Archer argues that late modernity is characterized by reflexivity but, in our view, this position neglects the impact of more enduring aspects of agency, such as the routinization of social life and the role of the taken-for-granted. These concepts were pivotal to Bourdieu and Giddens' theorization of everyday life and action and to Foucault's understanding of technologies of the self.We offer Bourdieu's habitus as a more nuanced approach to theorizing agency, and provide an alternative account of reflexivity. Whilst accepting that reflexivity is a core aspect of agency, we argue that it operates to a backdrop of the routinization of social life and operates from within and not outside of habitus. We highlight the role of the breach in reflexivity, suggesting that it opens up a critical window for agents to initiate change. The article suggests caution in over-ascribing reflexivity to agency, instead arguing that achieving reflexivity and change is a difficult and fraught process, which has emotional and moral consequences. The effect of this is that people often prefer the status quo, rather than to risk change and uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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30. The Smallest Neo-Assyrian Combat Unit
- Author
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Backer, Fabrice De
- Subjects
Slinger ,Chariotry ,Infantry ,Cavalry ,Spearman ,Archer - Abstract
For more than two centuries, scholars have thought that the Neo-Assyrians sorted their battle lines according to the classes of the fighters: firstly the chariots, then the horsemen, then the infantrymen. So far, few attempts were realized to understand and illustrate why the Neo-Assyrian warriors mentioned in the texts and /or depicted on the visual evidence fight as small groups of inter-disciplinary specialists. This paper will investigate both the organization and the chain of command of the Neo-Assyrian army engaged in combat.
- Published
- 2021
31. An Integrative Approach to Apprehend Desistance.
- Author
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F.-Dufour, Isabelle, Brassard, Renée, and Martel, Joane
- Subjects
CRIMINAL behavior ,RECIDIVISM ,REHABILITATION of criminals ,CRIMINOLOGICAL research - Abstract
The process underlying desistance is still a strong subject of debate. This article seeks to introduce several core concepts of Archer’s morphogenic approach to study how people desist from crime. At first, it discusses the primary existing theories of desistance. Then, this article demonstrates the usefulness of this approach by presenting empirical evidence drawn from semistructured interviews collected with 29 men who desisted from crime in an eastern province of Canada. The study demonstrates how this alternative approach allows for the consolidation of existing knowledge on desistance. Then implication of these findings for both theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2015
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32. Leveraging MPI RMA to optimise halo-swapping communications in MONC on Cray machines
- Author
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Michael Bareford, Nick Brown, and Michele Weiland
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,MPI PSCW ,Correctness ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Cirrus ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,Passive target synchronisation ,MPI fences ,MPI RMA ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,Parallel computing ,01 natural sciences ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Reduction (complexity) ,MONC ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Code (cryptography) ,Cray XC30 ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,SGI ICE ,Message passing ,ARCHER ,One sided communications ,Computer Science Applications ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Remote Memory Access ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Halo swapping ,Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC) ,Software - Abstract
Remote Memory Access (RMA), also known as single sided communications, provides a way of accessing the memory of other processes without having to issue explicit message passing style communication calls. Previous studies have concluded that MPI RMA can provide increased performance over traditional MPI Point to Point (P2P) but these are based on synthetic benchmarks. In this work, we replace the existing non-blocking P2P communication calls in the MONC atmospheric model with MPI RMA. We describe our approach in detail and discuss options taken for correctness and performance. Experiments on illustrate that by using RMA we can obtain between a 5\% and 10\% reduction in communication time at each timestep on up to 32768 cores, which over the entirety of a run (of many timesteps) results in a significant improvement in performance compared to P2P. However, RMA is not a silver bullet and there are challenges when integrating RMA into existing codes: important optimisations are necessary to achieve good performance and library support is not universally mature. In this paper we discuss, in the context of a real world code, the lessons learned converting P2P to RMA, explore performance and scaling challenges, and contrast alternative RMA synchronisation approaches in detail., This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Leveraging MPI RMA to optimise halo-swapping communications in MONC on Cray machines, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.5008
- Published
- 2020
33. Semiotic Scaffolding of the Social Self in Reflexivity and Friendship
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Emmeche, Claus
- Published
- 2015
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34. THE STORY OF A RING: ZİHGİR
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Filiz Nurhan Olmez and Halit Ozdamar
- Subjects
Physics ,lcsh:Language and Literature ,Ring ,Ring of archer ,lcsh:Fine Arts ,lcsh:NX1-820 ,lcsh:Arts in general ,Ring (chemistry) ,Crystallography ,Traditional arts ,Arrow ,lcsh:P ,lcsh:N ,Archer ,Archery - Abstract
The archery that is an ancestor art for the Turks continues to exist for war and hunting in the past, in case nowadays as an important branch in the field of sports. The Turks, which was one of the Archer tribes, are perfected bow and arrow over time using special engineering techniques. The image of bow and arrow, which is the symbol of Sovereignty in Turks, has been used in canopies and coins. The best-documented period of Turkish archery is Ottoman archery. Archery in the Ottoman Empire not only considered as a martial art, but also it has been institutionalized in a systematic way from the beginning of the 15th century. Zihgir also, that is one of the supporting tools except bow and arrow that can be used to improve security and to ease its use, can be seen today among the important accessories as a jewelry decorated with precious stones. It is known that some archers accept it as auspicious and never take it off. Zihgir, that takes an important place in Turkish archery, is the shot ring is attached to the thumb of the right hand during shoot an arrow at in order to protect knuckles from his injuries. The archer ring, that has other names are zingir or şast in Ottoman Turkish, is known as küştüban in Arabic literatures, and engüştvane in Persian literature meaning thimble. In this paper, traces of Turkish archery are searched in publications about archery and in historical findings. Zihgir, that is the mandatory tool of short bow Turkish Archery reviewed a structural point and examined modeling with a workshop. It is given information about the use of zihgir and the technical specifications of it. Zihgir, which is an accessory at the same time, is explicated in terms of artistic value through examples in museums, collections, and in miniatures.
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- 2017
35. Bell Beaker Archers: Warriors or an Ideology ?
- Author
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Ryan, Jessica, Desideri, Jocelyn, and Besse, Marie
- Subjects
Europe ,Sépulture ,Archéologie ,Campaniforme ,Préhistoire ,ddc:550 ,Néolithique ,Enthèses ,Archer - Abstract
In terms of funerary archaeology, the Bell Beaker period in Europe exhibits two main burial complexes: collective burials in the West and single graves in the East. This study focuses on the implication of stone wristguards, as well as other objects associated with archery, included in select single inhumation burials of the Eastern complex. Such stone wristguards are currently interpreted as a piece of protective equipment used by archers; however their fabrications in stone and the overall lack of evidence for usage raises the question of practicality. Were these wristguards used in the everyday lives of warriors or were they symbolic? And were the individuals interred with these wristguards archers themselves? Answering these questions could address a bigger question concerning the presence of a social class of archers and its implications towards the importance of warfare at a time of transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. In order to respond to these questions, this paper first examines the evidence and the archaeological perspective on archery and warfare throughout the Neolithic, culminating in the Bell Beaker period. This is followed by an anthropological approach attempting to identify specialized archery from the osteological remains of 27 Bell Beaker individuals from Bohemia (Czech Republic), 10 of whom were buried in the presence of stone wristguards thus classifying them as "suspected archers". Anthropological analyses involved integrating the human biomechanics of archery with classifications of entheseal changes in order to postulate on an individual’s likelihood of having been a specialized archer. While these analyses revealed minimal differences between specific points on the skeletons of the suspected and non-suspected archers, the suspected archers do share some common characteristics. This study validates the use of anthropological analyses in identifying specialized archers. These results also indicate that the individuals interred with stone wristguards were likely archers themselves. Identifying a specialized archer in the presence of artisanal archery goods provides additional evidence for a class of archers during the Bell Beaker period., Journal of Neolithic Archaeology, 2018 (Special Issue 4): Think global, act local! Bell Beakers in Europe
- Published
- 2018
36. Evaluating the Strength of Genomic Privacy Metrics
- Author
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Isabel Wagner
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ,General Computer Science ,Computer science ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,Genome ,Unique identifier ,020204 information systems ,privacy metrics ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Genetic discrimination ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Measure (data warehouse) ,Computer Science - Performance ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,ARCHER ,Adversary ,genomic privacy ,Visualization ,Performance (cs.PF) ,ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION ,Probability distribution ,Work flow ,Data mining ,computer ,Cryptography and Security (cs.CR) - Abstract
The genome is a unique identifier for human individuals. The genome also contains highly sensitive information, creating a high potential for misuse of genomic data (for example, genetic discrimination). In this paper, I investigated how genomic privacy can be measured in scenarios where an adversary aims to infer a person's genomic markers by constructing probability distributions on the values of genetic variations. I measured the strength of privacy metrics by requiring that metrics are monotonic with increasing adversary strength and uncovered serious problems with several existing metrics currently used to measure genomic privacy. I provide suggestions on metric selection, interpretation, and visualization, and illustrate the work flow using a case study on Alzheimer's disease., Comment: 27 pages, submitted to ACM Transaction on Privacy and Security
- Published
- 2016
37. Using RSIP Networking with Parallel Applications on ARCHER Phase 2
- Author
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Bethune, Iain
- Subjects
ARCHER - Abstract
Instructions on how to use RSIP to enable TCP/IP communications between parallel jobs on the compute nodes and the login nodes (and beyond). Two case study applications are shown: Parallel visualisation using ParaView, and Path Integral Molecular Dynamics with i-PI and CP2K.
- Published
- 2015
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