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Heating/frying and reuse of edible fats/oils induces chemical changes such as formation of trans fatty acids (TFAs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heating/frying on formation of TFAs in fats/oils. Using gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector, TFA was estimated in six commonly used fat/oils in India (refined soybean oil, groundnut oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, clarified butter, partially hydrogenated vegetable oil), before and after subjecting them to heating/frying at 180 °C and 220 °C. All six fats/oils subjected to heating/frying demonstrated an increase in TFAs ( p < 0.001), saturated fatty acids ( p < 0.001) and decrease in cis -unsaturated fatty acids ( p < 0.001). The absolute increase in TFA content of edible oils (after subjecting to heating/reheating) ranged between 2.30 ± 0.89 g/100 g and 4.5 ± 1.43 g/100 g; amongst edible fats it ranged between 2.60 ± 0.38 g/100 g and 5.96 ± 1.94 g/100 g. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups (heating and frying; p = 0.892). Considering the undesirable health effects of TFA, appropriate guidelines for heating/re-frying of edible fats/oils by Asian Indians should be devised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the associations of high body fat and low muscle mass with arterial stiffness in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in North India. Methods: In this cross sectional study, subjects with T2DM (males n = 110, females n = 58, mean age: 53.8 ± 10.0 years) were recruited. Anthropometry and body composition analysis were performed and measures of glycemia, lipids and PWV were analyzed. Results: Significant positive correlation was observed between PWV and body fat (p < 0.05), left leg fat (p < 0.05), and right leg fat (p < 0.01) percentages only in females. In males, significant negative correlation was observed between PWV and truncal fat free mass (p < 0.05) and fat free mass in right arm (p = 0.05) and left arm (p < 0.05). In both males and females, significant negative correlation was observed between PWV and fat free mass in left leg (p < 0.01) and for right leg fat free mass only in females. Conclusion: Excess adiposity and low fat free mass are associated with arterial stiffening in Asian Indians with T2DM in North India, with significant gender differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]