21,840 results
Search Results
102. Impact of menstruation-related stigma and behavior on female employee performance in Bangladesh: mediating role of non-work related stress
- Author
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Zaman, Raisa Tasneem and Mohiuddin, Md. Fazla
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- 2023
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103. Zoomvesting: angel investors' perception of subjective cues in online pitching
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Kuhn, Nicole and Sarfati, Gilberto
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- 2023
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- View/download PDF
104. A novel energy-efficient kapok filter paper with high DHC for solid-oil mixed aerosol: Performance and loading behavior evolution mechanism.
- Author
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Yu, Jiyao, Liang, Yun, Tang, Min, and Yao, Yunzhen
- Subjects
- *
FILTER paper , *AEROSOLS , *GAS turbines , *BIOLOGICAL evolution , *BEHAVIOR - Abstract
• A novel preparation method of kapok filter paper with an excellent sheet formation. • A novel energy-efficient kapok filter paper with high DHC for solid-oil mixed aerosol. • Hollow lumen and oleophilic characteristic facilitate the filtration of oily aerosol. • Loading behavior evolution over oil content is subject to deposition behavior. • A particle deposition mechanism is proposed to explain loading behavior evolution. Although typical high efficiency filter media for gas turbine exhibit short lifespan under harsh conditions with excessive oily aerosol, rare literatures are available concerning fundamental reason or introducing filter media for addressing aforementioned conditions. Herein, we developed a novel kapok filter paper with high energy-efficiency and dust holding capacity (DHC) against solid-oil mixed aerosol. Loading behavior of filter media was characterized in terms of both macroscopic loading behavior (pressure drop and DHC evolution over oil content) and micro-scale particle deposition behavior. Owing to hollow lumen and waxy surface of kapok fiber, the novel filter paper was fluffy and oleophilic, which made it outperform typical commercial filter media (F01 and F02) in energy saving and DHC. Under harshest conditions where F01 and F02 manifested low DHC of 8.0 g/m2, 13.3 g/m2 and 29.1 g/m2, 34.7 g/m2 at the oil content of 50%, 75%, respectively, the kapok filter paper owned notably excellent DHC of 160.5 g/m2, 240.8 g/m2, respectively. Moreover, it was revealed that loading behavior evolution (resulted from the increase of oil content) was subject to deposition behavior. Once oil content was above 25%, pressure drop profiles transitioned from that of solid particles loading to that of liquid particles loading. Depositions structure varied from well-defined particles to particles-in-oil with films covered. Due to formation of a porous structure, a critical maximum DHC occurred for mixed aerosol with 25% oil content. Finally, a particle deposition mechanism was proposed, for the first time, to explain the loading behavior evolution over oil content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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105. Moving on from Trials and Errors: A Discussion on the Use of a Forum as an Online Focus Group in Qualitative Research
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Hallam, Kelly Forbes
- Abstract
The observations in this paper follow online focus group research involving mothers who play video games as a leisure pursuit. The study utilised an online focus group method within a custom online forum which split the forum into small virtual rooms, replicating small face-to-face focus groups in an online environment. The primary objective of this paper is to offer insights that can support other researchers in utilising the online forum based focus group methodology, by reflecting on the research process and detailing the lessons learned. Furthermore, the article contributes to methodological debate on the use of online alternatives, by reflecting on the potential pitfalls of using an online forum as a focus group and presenting the benefits of using the online forum format.
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- 2022
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106. Evaluation and Assessment of Virtual Reality-Based Simulated Training: Exploring the Human-Technology Frontier
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Akdere, Mesut, Jiang, Yeling, and Lobo, Flavio Destri
- Abstract
Purpose: As new technologies such as immersive and augmented platforms emerge, training approaches are also transforming. The virtual reality (VR) platform provides a completely immersive learning experience for simulated training. Despite increased prevalence of these technologies, the extent literature is lagging behind in terms of evaluating and assessing such innovative training models. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap through exploring the traditional approaches of quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods as well as the cutting-edge biometric approach in the evaluation and assessment of the VR-based simulated training and discuss implications for simulated training based on immersive technologies. Design/methodology/approach: Evaluation and assessment is one of the most critical components of training and development. Inaccurate or ineffective approaches to evaluate and assess training programs not only risk the successful attainment of training goals and outcomes, but they also harm trainees by misleading them about their training performances and experiences. This paper uses a review of existing literature to explore effective approaches for the evaluation and assessment of VR-based simulated training and conceptually discusses new capacities in capturing involuntary trainee reaction toward stimuli, in addition to traditional evaluation and assessment methods. Findings: Immersive VR-based simulated training is uncharted territory for trainers and human resource development professionals. The findings indicate that existing approaches are still viable options for the evaluation and assessment of this new training technology. However, biometrics presents new frontiers in this arena through its capacity for obtaining trainee emotional responses to stimuli during training, as well as providing a venue free of personal bias and external influences in determining trainee perceptions. Originality/value: This paper addresses an important gap in the field of training and development by studying the affordances of the latest biometric technology for evaluation and assessment in VR-based simulated training. The existing literature is very limited in its focus on immersive training technologies such as VR in general and evaluation and assessment in particular. The paper presents new insights to both researchers and practitioners in the field of training and development.
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- 2022
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107. Molecular (moment-to-moment) and molar (aggregate) analyses of behavior.
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Shimp CP
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- Animals, Economics, Behavioral, Humans, Probability, Psychological Theory, Time Factors, Behavior, Behavioral Research methods
- Abstract
Ten meanings or usages of the terms molecular and molar analyses are based on (1) numbers of responses, (2) durations of activities, (3) levels, (4) scales, (5) contiguity versus correlation, (6) behavioral standards, (7) function with or without structure, (8) local versus global phenomena, and (9) control by shaping of sequential moment-to-moment behavior. These usages reveal divisive viewpoints along with ambiguities in the Law of Effect, the definition of an operant, response strength, response probability, random behavior, time allocation, shaping, controlled versus uncontrolled operants, and roles for ordinary language. Usage 10 is less divisive and combines, and in that sense unifies, molecular behavior, defined as shaped moment-to-moment sequential behaving, and molar, defined as averages of aggregates of those shaped responses. It combines shaping, that establishes and changes operant behaviors, and strengthening that changes the amounts of those shaped behaviors. I conclude that general behavioral theory will combine strengthening with such methods as parametric, hybrid, or nonparametric shaping, and will use computational methods to simulate moment-to-moment behavior streams from which any aggregates of theoretical interest may be computed. Such a synthesis may not require different levels, scales, or new scientific paradigms., (© 2020 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.)
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- 2020
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108. Mistakes can stabilise the dynamics of rock-paper-scissors games
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Krishnendu Chatterjee, Maria Kleshnina, Jerzy A. Filar, and Sabrina Streipert
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Evolutionary Genetics ,0301 basic medicine ,Computer science ,Population Dynamics ,Social Sciences ,Stable equilibrium ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Psychology ,050207 economics ,Biology (General) ,Strategy execution ,0303 health sciences ,Animal Behavior ,Ecology ,Applied Mathematics ,05 social sciences ,Biological Evolution ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Dynamics (music) ,Modeling and Simulation ,Physical Sciences ,Probability distribution ,Mathematical economics ,Game theory ,Research Article ,QH301-705.5 ,Decision Making ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Game Theory ,0502 economics and business ,Genetics ,Humans ,Animal behavior ,Evolutionary dynamics ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,Behavior ,Evolutionary Biology ,Population Biology ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Probability Theory ,Probability Distribution ,Organismal Evolution ,030104 developmental biology ,Microbial Evolution ,Cognitive Science ,Zoology ,Mathematics ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience - Abstract
A game of rock-paper-scissors is an interesting example of an interaction where none of the pure strategies strictly dominates all others, leading to a cyclic pattern. In this work, we consider an unstable version of rock-paper-scissors dynamics and allow individuals to make behavioural mistakes during the strategy execution. We show that such an assumption can break a cyclic relationship leading to a stable equilibrium emerging with only one strategy surviving. We consider two cases: completely random mistakes when individuals have no bias towards any strategy and a general form of mistakes. Then, we determine conditions for a strategy to dominate all other strategies. However, given that individuals who adopt a dominating strategy are still prone to behavioural mistakes in the observed behaviour, we may still observe extinct strategies. That is, behavioural mistakes in strategy execution stabilise evolutionary dynamics leading to an evolutionary stable and, potentially, mixed co-existence equilibrium., Author summary A game of rock-paper-scissors is more than just a children’s game. This type of interactions is often used to describe competition among animals or humans. A special feature of such an interaction is that none of the pure strategies dominates, resulting in a cyclic pattern. However, in wild communities such interactions are rarely observed by biologists. Our results suggest that this lack of cyclicity may stem from imperfectness of interacting individuals. In other words, we show analytically that heterogeneity in behavioural patterns may break a cyclic relationship and lead to a stable equilibrium in pure or mixed strategies.
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- 2021
109. The Role of Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness on Personality Traits among Adults
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Salar, Hursit Cem and Hamutoglu, Nazire Burcin
- Abstract
It has been suggested that individuals' technology acceptance are affected by personality traits. This paper aims to emphasise the importance of personality traits beyond BIG 5 on the acceptance and individual usage of Cloud Computing Systems (CCSs) with Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU). Based on this, a quantitative cross-sectional survey research was designed, and 722 students studying at Sakarya University, Pedagogical Training Certification Program in the academic year of 2016-2017 were involved to the study. A path analysis which is a structural equation model was performed to examine the direct and indirect effects of the variables that are theoretically interrelated in the study. According to the results, while Extroversion (EXT), Agreeableness (AGR), Conscientiousness (CONS), and OE are not predictors of PEU and PU components, Nervousness (NEUR), is a significant predictor of PEU in the model. In addition to this, behavioural intention (BI) is significantly predicted by both PU and PEU, and PEU is a significant predictor of PU and BI on the individual usage of CCSs.
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- 2022
110. Paper-and-pencil versus computerized administration mode: Comparison of data quality and risk behavior prevalence estimates in the European school Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD)
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Elisa Benedetti, Loredana Fortunato, Marco Scalese, Emanuela Colasante, Roberta Potente, Sabrina Molinaro, and Arianna Cutilli
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Male ,Questionnaires ,European People ,Prevalence ,Social Sciences ,Surveys ,Logistic regression ,Geographical Locations ,Sociology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Ethnicities ,Psychology ,media_common ,Multidisciplinary ,Schools ,Alcohol Consumption ,Pharmaceutics ,Data Accuracy ,Italian People ,Europe ,Research Design ,Population Surveillance ,Medicine ,Female ,Research Article ,Drug Administration ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Medical Records Systems, Computerized ,Substance-Related Disorders ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Science ,education ,MEDLINE ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Education ,Young Adult ,Drug Therapy ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Humans ,European Union ,European union ,Students ,Nutrition ,Selection bias ,Behavior ,Data collection ,Survey Research ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Diet ,Data quality ,Informatics ,People and Places ,Population Groupings ,Demography - Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether paper-and-pencil and computerized surveys administered in the school setting yield equivalent data quality indicators and risk behavior prevalence estimates.MethodsData were drawn from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD®) carried out in Italy to monitor drug, alcohol, tobacco use and other risk-behaviors among Italian high school students aged 15-19 years. A sub-sample of schools was recruited for the study (1673 pupils). For each school, two entire randomly selected courses (from the first to the fifth grade) participated and were assigned randomly to the self-administered paper-and-pencil (N = 811) or computerized survey (N = 862). Differences in data quality were assessed using the following indicators: questionnaire completeness (missing gender and/or 50% of missing answers) and internal consistency (repetitive extreme response patterns). Separate logistic regression models were used to estimate the mode effect on the reporting of each risk behavior, controlling for gender and age. Finally, the prevalence estimates of the experimental study were compared to the results of the national ESPAD® study.ResultsThe computerized administration mode produced a higher proportion of invalid questionnaires, but the prevalence estimates generated from responses to the paper-and-pencil and computerized surveys were generally equivalent. Nevertheless, comparing these results with those of the national ESPAD® study, some differences in the prevalence rates were found.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that in a proctored school setting, the computerized survey mode yields almost the same results as the paper-and-pencil mode. However, because of the reliance on existing informatics facilities until when all schools in the country will be sufficiently equipped for the computerized data collection, they should be given the opportunity to choose between paper-and-pencil and computerized survey modes, in order to avoid a possible selection bias.
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- 2019
111. Commentary Four ways in which data-free papers on animal personality fail to be impactful
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Andrew Sih, Eric Payne, and Grace H. Davis
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Behavior ,Ecology ,Ecology (disciplines) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ecology and Evolution ,data free papers ,lcsh:Evolution ,animal personality ,Behavioral variation ,citations ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,evolution ,lcsh:QH359-425 ,Personality ,lcsh:Ecology ,Psychology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Cognitive psychology ,media_common - Published
- 2015
112. Adolescent Sexting, Violence, and Sexual Behaviors: An Analysis of 2014 and 2016 Pennsylvania Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data
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Ruvalcaba, Yanet, Mercer Kollar, Laura M., Everett Jones, Sherry, Mercado, Melissa C., Leemis, Ruth W., and Ma, Zhen-Qiang
- Abstract
Background: Sexting is common among adolescents and is associated with numerous health risk behaviors and negative psychosocial constructs. This study examined the relationships between high school students' experiences with sexual violence victimization, dating violence victimization, and engagement in risky sexual behaviors with experiences of receiving sexts. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the 2014 to 2016 data from Pennsylvania Youth Risk Behavior. Participants were selected using an independent 2-stage cluster sample design to produce a statewide population-based sample. The pencil and paper surveys were conducted in school. Participants included 6734 Pennsylvania high school students in grades 9-12. Results: Overall, 29.0% of Pennsylvania high school students had received a sext, which varied by sex, race/ethnicity, school grade, and sexual identity. Students who engaged in sexual risk behaviors, experienced dating violence, or experienced lifetime sexual violence outside of the dating context had a significantly higher prevalence of receiving a sext than students who did not engage in those behaviors or have those experiences. Conclusions: Early screening and prevention efforts that include discussions about sexting behaviors may help prevent other negative outcomes, such as risky sexual behaviors and interpersonal violence. Addressing sexting in the education and health sectors may help to prevent other related harmful health and violence experiences during adolescence.
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- 2023
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113. NORDSCI International Conference Proceedings: Education and Language Edition (Helsinki, Finland, July 17, 2018). Book 1. Volume 1
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NORDSCI
- Abstract
This volume includes two sections of the 2018 NORDSCI international conference proceedings: (1) Education and Educational Research; and (2) Language and Linguistics. Education and Educational Research includes 22 papers relating to scientific topics in the full spectrum of education, including history, sociology and economy of education, educational policy, strategy and technologies. This section also covers pedagogy and special education. Language and Linguistics includes 13 papers covering scientific topics related to theoretical, literary and historical linguistics, as well as stylistics and philology.
- Published
- 2018
114. Proceedings of the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) International Conference on e-Learning (Madrid, Spain, July 17-19, 2018)
- Author
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International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), Nunes, Miguel Baptista, and Isaias, Pedro
- Abstract
These proceedings contain the papers of the International Conference e-Learning 2018, which was organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society, 17-19 July, 2018. This conference is part of the Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems 2018, 17-20 July, which had a total of 617 submissions. The e-Learning (EL) 2018 conference aims to address the main issues of concern within e-Learning. This conference covers both technical as well as the non-technical aspects of e-Learning. The conference accepted submissions in the following seven main areas: (1) Organisational Strategy and Management Issues; (2) Technological Issues; (3) e-Learning Curriculum Development Issues; (4) Instructional Design Issues; (5) e-Learning Delivery Issues; (6) e-Learning Research Methods and Approaches; and (7) e-Skills and Information Literacy for Learning. Besides the presentation of full, short and reflection papers, tutorial and doctoral consortium, the conference also included two keynote speakers, Prof. Dr. Rosa M. Carro, Head of the Department of Computer Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, and Prof. Dr. Ana Fernández-Pampillón Cesteros, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. An author index is provided and individual papers include references.
- Published
- 2018
115. Handling of thermal paper: Implications for dermal exposure to bisphenol A and its alternatives.
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Bernier, Meghan R. and Vandenberg, Laura N.
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SKIN absorption ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of chemicals ,BISPHENOL A ,SKIN physiology ,MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical used in a wide range of consumer products including photoactive dyes used in thermal paper. Recent studies have shown that dermal absorption of BPA can occur when handling these papers. Yet, regulatory agencies have largely dismissed thermal paper as a major source of BPA exposure. Exposure estimates provided by agencies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) are based on assumptions about how humans interact with this material, stating that ‘typical’ exposures for adults involve only one handling per day for short periods of time (<1 minute), with limited exposure surfaces (three fingertips). The objective of this study was to determine how individuals handle thermal paper in one common setting: a cafeteria providing short-order meals. We observed thermal paper handling in a college-aged population (n = 698 subjects) at the University of Massachusetts’ dining facility. We find that in this setting, individuals handle receipts for an average of 11.5 min, that >30% of individuals hold thermal paper with more than three fingertips, and >60% allow the paper to touch their palm. Only 11% of the participants we observed were consistent with the EFSA model for time of contact and dermal surface area. Mathematical modeling based on handling times we measured and previously published transfer coefficients, concentrations of BPA in paper, and absorption factors indicate the most conservative estimated intake from handling thermal paper in this population is 51.1 ng/kg/day, similar to EFSA’s estimates of 59 ng/kg/day from dermal exposures. Less conservative estimates, using published data on concentrations in thermal paper and transfer rates to skin, indicate that exposures are likely significantly higher. Based on our observational data, we propose that the current models for estimating dermal BPA exposures are not consistent with normal human behavior and should be reevaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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116. Long live the wasp: adult longevity in captive colonies of the eusocial paper wasp Polistes canadensis (L.)
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Robin J. Southon, Seirian Sumner, Emily Bell, and Peter Graystock
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HARVESTER ANT ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Zoology ,HONEY-BEE ,lcsh:Medicine ,Hymenoptera ,Cohort size ,Polistes canadensis ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Laboratory ,HYMENOPTERA-VESPIDAE ,QUEEN QUALITY ,media_common ,LIFE-SPAN ,Paper wasp ,Science & Technology ,Animal Behavior ,Ecology ,biology ,CHINENSIS ANTENNALIS ,Lifespan ,General Neuroscience ,NOSEMA-APIS ,Eusocial ,fungi ,lcsh:R ,Longevity ,WORKERS ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,SOCIAL INSECTS ,Eusociality ,Evolutionary Studies ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,Caste ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,Polistes ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Entomology ,BEHAVIOR - Abstract
Insects have been used as an exemplary model in studying longevity, from extrinsic mortality pressures to intrinsic senescence. In the highly eusocial insects great degrees of variation in lifespan exist between morphological castes in relation to extreme divisions of labour, but of particular interest is the primitively eusocial orders. These species represent the ancestral beginnings of eusociality, in which castes are flexible and based on behaviour rather than morphology. Here we present data on the longevity of the primitively eusocial Neotropical paper wasp Polistes canadensis, in a captive setting removed of all environmental hazards. In comparison to other eusocial wasps’ P. canadensis had an average lifespan of 193±10.5 days, with one individual living longer than 450 days. Although this is shorter than most highly eusocial bee and ant queens. Natal colony variation does exist between P. canadensis colonies, possibly due to nutritional and genetic factors. This study provides a foundation for future investigations on the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on longevity in primitively eusocial insects, as well as the relationship with caste and genome.
- Published
- 2015
117. Towards a complex model of disaster behaviour.
- Author
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Savage DA
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- Humans, Behavior, Disasters, Models, Psychological
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This paper outlines why a move towards a complex adaptive systems model of behaviour is required if the goal is to generate better understanding of how individuals and groups interact with their environment in a disaster setting. To accomplish this objective, a bridge must be built between the broader social sciences and behavioural economics to incorporate discipline-specific insights that are needed to move towards complexity. This is only possible through a deeper understanding of behaviour and how the environment in which they occur can influence actions. It is then that one can counteract the poor behavioural predictions, flawed policies based on myth, inefficient design, and suboptimal outcomes that have flourished in the absence of a complex adaptive systems model. This paper provides a conceptual framework that draws on concepts from across the natural and social sciences, such as behavioural economics, endocrinology, psychology, sociobiology, and sociology in order to build an interactive theory of disaster behaviour., (© 2019 The Author Disasters © 2019 Overseas Development Institute.)
- Published
- 2019
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118. A comparison of smartphone and paper data-collection tools in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study in Gezira state, Sudan.
- Author
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Ahmed, Rana, Robinson, Ryan, Elsony, Asma, Thomson, Rachael, Squire, S. Bertel, Malmborg, Rasmus, Burney, Peter, and Mortimer, Kevin
- Subjects
- *
OBSTRUCTIVE lung disease treatment , *HEALTH surveys , *SMARTPHONES , *MEDICAL databases - Abstract
Introduction: Data collection using paper-based questionnaires can be time consuming and return errors affect data accuracy, completeness, and information quality in health surveys. We compared smartphone and paper-based data collection systems in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study in rural Sudan. Methods: This exploratory pilot study was designed to run in parallel with the cross-sectional household survey. The Open Data Kit was used to programme questionnaires in Arabic into smartphones. We included 100 study participants (83% women; median age = 41.5 ± 16.4 years) from the BOLD study from 3 rural villages in East-Gezira and Kamleen localities of Gezira state, Sudan. Questionnaire data were collected using smartphone and paper-based technologies simultaneously. We used Kappa statistics and inter-rater class coefficient to test agreement between the two methods. Results: Symptoms reported included cough (24%), phlegm (15%), wheezing (17%), and shortness of breath (18%). One in five were or had been cigarette smokers. The two data collection methods varied between perfect to slight agreement across the 204 variables evaluated (Kappa varied between 1.00 and 0.02 and inter-rater coefficient between 1.00 and -0.12). Errors were most commonly seen with paper questionnaires (83% of errors seen) vs smartphones (17% of errors seen) administered questionnaires with questions with complex skip-patterns being a major source of errors in paper questionnaires. Automated checks and validations in smartphone-administered questionnaires avoided skip-pattern related errors. Incomplete and inconsistent records were more likely seen on paper questionnaires. Conclusion: Compared to paper-based data collection, smartphone technology worked well for data collection in the study, which was conducted in a challenging rural environment in Sudan. This approach provided timely, quality data with fewer errors and inconsistencies compared to paper-based data collection. We recommend this method for future BOLD studies and other population-based studies in similar settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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119. Frequency-dependent sexual selection with respect to progeny survival is consistent with predictions from rock-paper-scissors dynamics in the European common lizard
- Author
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Benoit Heulin, Virginia Gonzalez-Jimena, Luis M. San-Jose, Barry Sinervo, Patrick S. Fitze, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,rock-paper-scissors games ,Survival of the fittest ,color polymorphism ,Ecology and Evolution ,Zootoca vivipara ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,biology.animal ,Genotype ,female mate choice ,sexual selection ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,intra-sexual selection ,Ecology ,biology ,Lizard ,behavior ,010601 ecology ,Mate choice ,Evolutionary biology ,Sexual selection ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,alternative male mating strategy - Abstract
Genetic polymorphism can be maintained over time by negative frequency-dependent (FD) selection induced by Rock-paper-scissors (RPS) social systems. RPS games produce cyclic dynamics, and have been suggested to exist in lizards, insects, isopods, plants, and bacteria. Sexual selection is predicted to accentuate the survival of the future progeny during negative FD survival selection. More specifically, females are predicted to select mates that produce progeny genotypes that exhibit highest survival during survival selection imposed by adult males. However, no empirical evidence demonstrates the existence of FD sexual selection with respect to fitness payoffs of genetic polymorphisms. Here we tested this prediction using the common lizard Zootoca vivipara, a species with three male color morphs (orange, white, yellow) that exhibit morph frequency cycles. In a first step we tested the congruence of the morph frequency change with the predicted change in three independent populations, differing in male color morph frequency and state of the FD morph cycle. Thereafter we ran standardized sexual selection assays in which we excluded alternative mechanisms that potentially induce negative FD selection, and we quantified inter-sexual behavior. The patterns of sexual selection and the observed behavior were in line with context-dependent female mate choice and male behavior played a minor role. Moreover, the strength of the sexual selection was within the magnitude of selection required to produce the observed 3-4-year and 6-8 year morph frequency cycles at low and high altitudes, respectively. In summary, the study provides the first experimental evidence that underpins the crucial assumption of the RPS games suggested to exist in lizards, insects, isopods, and plants; namely, that sexual selection produces negative-FD selection. This indicates that sexual selection, in our study exert by females, might be a crucial driver of the maintenance of genetic polymorphisms.
- Published
- 2014
120. How to overcome the intention–behavior gap in sustainable tourism: Tourism Agenda 2030 perspective article
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Viglia, Giampaolo and Acuti, Diletta
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- 2023
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121. Effect of educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior on aggression preventive behaviors in students
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Khaleghi, Ali Asghar, Jafarzadeh, Saeedeh, Afzali Harsini, Pooyan, Kashfi, Seyyed Hannan, Mohammadkhah, Fatemeh, and Khani Jeihooni, Ali
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- 2023
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122. Explaining reward crowdfunding backers' intentions and behavior
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Baah-Peprah, Prince
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- 2023
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123. Specialty beers market: a comparative study of producers and consumers behavior
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Haddad, Felipe Furtini, Ribeiro, Ana Paula Lima, Vieira, Kelly Carvalho, Pereira, Rafaela Corrêa, and Carneiro, João de Deus Souza
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- 2023
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124. Reading in the age of digital distraction
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Liu, Ziming
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- 2022
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125. Introduction to the special issue on comfort: A review of 26 papers from the International Comfort Congress 2019.
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Vink, Peter, Frohriep, Susanne, Mansfield, Neil, Naddeo, Alessandro, and Jacobs, Karen
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BEHAVIOR ,HUMAN comfort ,ERGONOMICS ,INDUSTRIAL hygiene ,INDUSTRIAL safety ,SERIAL publications ,WORK ,WORK environment - Abstract
Various aspects related to comfort are described in this special issue. Some papers are focused on the environment, like smell, temperature, light, acoustics, space and some on an artefact touching the human, like the floor angle, the seat, a bed and light. However, in this special issue also topics like modelling and behavior get more attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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126. Partner choice correlates with fine scale kin structuring in the paper wasp Polistes dominula.
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Parsons, Paul John, Grinsted, Lena, and Field, Jeremy
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PHILOPATRY , *WASPS , *ANIMAL societies , *PHYSIOLOGY , *NESTS , *BIRD breeding - Abstract
Cooperation among kin is common in animal societies. Kin groups may form by individuals directly discriminating relatives based on kin recognition cues, or form passively through natal philopatry and limited dispersal. We describe the genetic landscape for a primitively eusocial wasp, Polistes dominula, and ask whether individuals choose cooperative partners that are nearby and/or that are genetic relatives. Firstly, we genotyped an entire sub-population of 1361 wasps and found genetic structuring on an extremely fine scale: the probability of finding genetic relatives decreases exponentially within just a few meters of an individual’s nest. At the same time, however, we found a lack of genetic structuring between natural nest aggregations within the population. Secondly, in a separate dataset where ~2000 wasps were genotyped, we show that wasps forced experimentally to make a new nest choice tended to choose new nests near to their original nests, and that these nests tended to contain some full sisters. However, a significant fraction of wasps chose nests that did not contain sisters, despite sisters being present in nearby nests. Although we cannot rule out a role for direct kin recognition or natal nest-mate recognition, our data suggest that kin groups may form via a philopatric rule-of-thumb, whereby wasps simply select groups and nesting sites that are nearby. The result is that most subordinate helpers obtain indirect fitness benefits by breeding cooperatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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127. Viability of intertwined supply networks: extending the supply chain resilience angles towards survivability. A position paper motivated by COVID-19 outbreak.
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Ivanov, Dmitry and Dolgui, Alexandre
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,SUPPLY chains ,BEHAVIOR ,BIOLOGICAL systems ,STRUCTURAL dynamics ,SUPPLY chain management ,INDIAN Ocean Tsunami, 2004 - Abstract
An intertwined supply network (ISN) is an entirety of interconnected supply chains (SC) which, in their integrity secure the provision of society and markets with goods and services. The ISNs are open systems with structural dynamics since the firms may exhibit multiple behaviours by changing the buyer-supplier roles in interconnected or even competing SCs. From the positions of resilience, the ISNs as a whole provide services to society (e.g. food service, mobility service or communication service) which are required to ensure a long-term survival. The analysis of survivability at the level of ISN requires a consideration at a large scale as resilience of individual SCs. The recent example of coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak clearly shows the necessity of this new perspective. Our study introduces a new angle in SC resilience research when a resistance to extraordinary disruptions needs to be considered at the scale of viability. We elaborate on the integrity of the ISN and viability. The contribution of our position study lies in a conceptualisation of a novel decision-making environment of ISN viability. We illustrate the viability formation through a dynamic game-theoretic modelling of a biological system that resembles the ISN. We discuss some future research areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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128. Occurrence mechanism and coping paths of accidents of highly aggregated tourist crowds based on system dynamics.
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Yin, Jie, Zheng, Xiang-min, and Tsaur, Ruey-Chyn
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SYSTEM dynamics ,CROWDS ,ACCIDENTS ,TOURISTS ,FILTER paper - Abstract
The safety of highly aggregated tourist crowds is a challenging and important issue. This paper not only provided a comprehensive analysis of the accidents of highly aggregated tourist crowds but also determined the occurrence mechanism and coping paths. Based on the analysis of multiple cases, we found that the variable status of highly aggregated tourist crowds was the result of the interaction of three main elements: multisource pressure, state mutations and management responses. A series of factors interact and result in accidents, and the lack of a management response or a low-quality management response is the root cause of such accidents. A high-quality management response is a basic safety precaution for highly aggregated tourist crowds. Therefore, forming a virtuous circle of multisource pressure, state mutations and management responses is an effective path for coping with accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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129. Cyber-Entrepreneurial Intention among Students in Public Universities: Evidence from an Emerging Country
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Vafaei-Zadeh, Ali, Ganesan, Venisri, Hanifah, Haniruzila, Teoh, Ai Ping, and Ramayah, T.
- Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the factors affecting cyber-entrepreneurial intentions among final-year students of public universities in Malaysia utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Theory of Self-Efficacy (TSE). The quantitative survey-based research method was adopted to conduct the study using both final-year undergraduate and postgraduate students from business and management schools to test the proposed research framework. A total of 364 useful responses were received to be analyzed for this study. Results showed that attitude toward entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial creativity, entrepreneurial knowledge, entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and opportunity recognition were positively correlated with cyber-entrepreneurial intentions except for personal innovativeness in technology and subjective norm, which was insignificant. This study provides insights into the way individual's intention towards cyber-entrepreneurship could be ameliorated as a career choice, particularly for final-year undergraduate and postgraduate students of business and management schools in Malaysian public universities. It helps determine appropriate approaches to direct the government, educators, and policymakers. The findings from this study invaluably contribute to the existing literature by establishing correlation between TPB and TSE and inquiring into their ultimate influences on cyber-entrepreneurial intentions.
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- 2023
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130. Contingent Conversations Build More than Language: How Communicative Interactions in Toddlerhood Relate to Preschool Executive Function Skills
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Masek, Lillian R., Weiss, Staci Meredith, McMillan, Brianna T. M., Paterson, Sarah J., Golinkoff, Roberta Michnick, and Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy
- Abstract
High-quality communicative interactions between caregivers and children provide a foundation for children's social and cognitive skills. Although most studies examining these types of interactions focus on child language outcomes, this paper takes another tack. It examines whether communicative, dyadic interactions might also relate to child executive function (EF) skills and whether child language might mediate this relation. Using a subset of data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, dyadic interactions between 2-year-olds and their mothers were coded for three behaviors: symbol-infused joint engagement, routines and rituals, and fluency and connectedness. Child language was assessed at age 3 and three facets of EF (self-regulation, sustained attention, and verbal working memory) were assessed at age 4.5. Structural equation modeling showed that dyadic interaction related to later child sustained attention and verbal working memory, indirectly through child language and directly related with child self-regulation. This suggests that communicative interactions with caregivers that include both verbal and non-verbal elements relate to child EF, in part through child language. Our findings have implications for the role of caregiver interactions in the development of language and cognitive skills more broadly.
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- 2023
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131. Proceedings of the International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM) (10th, Wuhan, China, June 25-28, 2017)
- Author
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International Educational Data Mining Society, Hu, Xiangen, Barnes, Tiffany, Hershkovitz, Arnon, and Paquette, Luc
- Abstract
The 10th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2017) is held under the auspices of the International Educational Data Mining Society at the Optics Velley Kingdom Plaza Hotel, Wuhan, Hubei Province, in China. This years conference features two invited talks by: Dr. Jie Tang, Associate Professor with the Department of Computer Science and Technology at Tsinghua University; and Dr. Ron Cole, President of Boulder Learning Inc. The main conference invited contributions to the Research Track and Industry Track. 122 submissions were received (71 full, 47 short, 4 industry). 18 full papers papers were accepted (25% acceptance rate) and 32 short papers for oral presentation (42% acceptance rate) and an additional 39 for poster presentations, 3 demonstrations. The industry track includes all 4 submitted industry papers and 1 paper initially submitted as a full paper. The EDM conference provides opportunities for young researchers, and particularly Ph.D. students, to present their research ideas and receive feedback from the peers and more senior researchers. This year, the Doctoral Consortium features 6 such presentations. In addition to the main program, the conference includes 3 workshops: (1) Graph-based Educational Data Mining (G-EDM 2017); (2) Sharing and Reusing Data & Analytics Methods with LearnSphere; and (3) Deep Learning with Educational Data; and 2 tutorials: (1) Why Data Standards are Critical for EDM and AIED; and (2) Principal Stratification for EDM Experiments. [For the 2016 proceedings, see ED592609.]
- Published
- 2017
132. Networking Theories on Giftedness--What We Can Learn from Synthesizing Renzulli's Domain General and Krutetskii's Mathematics-Specific Theory
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Schindler, Maike and Rott, Benjamin
- Abstract
Giftedness is an increasingly important research topic in educational sciences and mathematics education in particular. In this paper, we contribute to further theorizing mathematical giftedness through illustrating how networking processes can be conducted and illustrating their potential benefits. The paper focuses on two theories: Renzulli's domain-general theory on giftedness as an interplay of creativity, above-average ability, and task commitment; and Krutetskii's mathematics-specific theory on gifted students' abilities. In a "proof of concept", we illustrate how the abilities offered in Krutetskii's theory can be mapped to the three traits described by Renzulli. This is realized through a mapping process in which two raters independently mapped the abilities offered by Krutetskii to Renzulli's traits. The results of this mapping give first insights into (1) possible mappings of Krutetskii's abilities to Renzulli's traits and, thus, (2) a possible domain-specific specification of Renzulli's theory. This mapping hints at interesting potential phenomena: in Krutetskii's theory, above-average ability appears to be the trait that predominantly is addressed, whereas creativity and especially task-commitment seem less represented. Our mapping demonstrates what a mathematics-specific specification of Renzulli's theory can look like. Finally, we elaborate on the consequences of our findings, restrictions of our methodology, and on possible future research.
- Published
- 2017
133. Load sharing and behavior of single pile embedded in unsaturated swelling soil.
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Fattah, Mohammed Y., Al-Omari, Raid R., and Fadhil, Shaimaa H.
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SWELLING soils ,SOIL moisture ,FILTER paper ,BEHAVIOR ,SHARING - Abstract
This study presents a series of model experiments conducted on single pile embedded in saturated and unsaturated expansive soil. A soil composed of 70% bentonite and 30% sand which represents a very high expansive soil is employed in this study. Soil suction (total and matric) was measured using the filter paper technique and calibrated electrical resistance gauges to study the behavior of the soil water retention curve (SWRC) and initial suction and their influence on the results. The results showed that the ultimate skin resistance is increased about 49% when the initial degree of saturation decreases from 90 to 70%. However, the adhesion factor (α, used in calculating the skin friction) increases as the unconsolidated undrained cohesion decreases and as the initial matric suction decreases. The adhesion factor reached a value of 1.3 when the undrained cohesion is 36 kPa, initial degree of saturation of 100% and initial matric suction of 10 kPa. The sharing ratio of the ultimate shaft capacity to the ultimate pile capacity of a single pile changes from 91 to 81% when the degree of saturation decreases from 100 to 70%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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134. The effectiveness of teaching virtual reality-based business ethics: is it really suitable for all learning styles?
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Sari, Ratna Candra, Warsono, Sony, Ratmono, Dwi, Zuhrohtun, Zuhrohtun, and Hermawan, Hardika Dwi
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- 2023
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135. Toward a new protection plan for Algeria's forest wealth focused on responsible citizenship: case of the Aures region
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Heddar, Yamina, Djebabra, Mebarek, and Saadi, Saadia
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- 2022
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136. On Learning and Unlearning Repertoires of Gender Embodiment
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Migdalek, Jack
- Abstract
This paper concerns physicality and the tendency to operate within bounds of familiar repertoires of embodiment. It questions the degree to which habitual ways in which we pose, repose, and action our bodies are authentic as opposed to constructed artifacts of our enculturation. With reference to notions of 'neutrality' as raised in Lecoq training and the Feldenkrais Method, this paper aims -- though suggested autoethnographic exploratory practice -- to bring awareness to habitual ways in which each of us embody gender. It highlights means by which educators can direct the focus of those with whom we work toward recognizing and deconstructing aspects of embodied gender behaviors that may be inherently, but not obviously, inequitable. Attending to these issues within spheres of education has the scope to safeguard the social and emotional well-being of those not inclined to embody in accordance with hegemonic gender norms and to broaden attitudes toward embodied expressive possibilities.
- Published
- 2021
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137. Achieving Preallocation: Turn Transition Practices in Board Games
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Hofstetter, Emily
- Abstract
This paper contributes an analysis of practices for managing a preallocated turn-taking system in board games, expanding existing studies of preallocation beyond question-answer sequences. Although board games have existed for thousands of years across human cultures, and despite being a widely used method of data elicitation in many fields of research, there are few studies of how adults accomplish play. Using conversation analysis, this paper demonstrates how participants organize transition between board-game turns, finding that participants treat the game turns as analogous to the organization of pre- and post-possible completion. However, the preallocated nature of game turns results in alternate sense making concerning delays and overlap, especially where such occurrences threaten the achievement of the activity. Data are in English.
- Published
- 2021
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138. What Can Higher Education Learn from Feedback Seeking Behaviour in Organisations? Implications for Feedback Literacy
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Joughin, Gordon, Boud, David, Dawson, Phillip, and Tai, Joanna
- Abstract
While there is now extensive research on informal feedback seeking behaviour by employees in organisations, this literature has received limited attention in higher education. This paper addresses the gap between the two fields of feedback literacy and feedback seeking behaviour. Key organisational feedback seeking behaviour concepts including employee intentions in seeking feedback, the practice of weighing costs and benefits before seeking feedback, the qualities sought in potential feedback providers, feedback seeker characteristics that influence feedback seeking behaviour, and a range of feedback seeking methods and outcomes are outlined and their potential implications for feedback literacy are considered. The paper draws on feedback seeking behaviour literature to propose a research agenda for establishing a stronger and more nuanced understanding of feedback literacy in higher education.
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- 2021
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139. Construção e Análise de um Procedimento Avaliativo de Treinamento: Modelo Kirkpatrick.
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Bertollo Rusciolelli, Veronica, Padovani Xavier, Thiago, Gonçalves, Wellington, and Randow de Freitas, Rodrigo
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- *
PAPER pulp , *INVESTMENTS , *BEHAVIOR - Abstract
Investments in training and development programs are steadily increasing in organizations. Along with them, the concern of companies in analyzing the results of their programs grows. This study has the objective of building an evaluation model of training results, proposed for the Coil Finishing area of a Pulp and Paper company, using the Kirkpatrick methodology, which proposes the division of the evaluation into 4 levels, which are: Reaction, Learning, Behavior and Results. The final model is presented, and may guide other studies in the creation of their own models, however, indicators and data should be adapted to each organizational situation, considering their particularities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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140. Charity and debt behaviors comparison: perception of low-income households
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Arsyianti, Laily Dwi and Kassim, Salina
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- 2021
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141. No Evidence of Intersexual Kin Recognition by Males of the Neotropical Paper Wasp Polistes versicolor.
- Author
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Souza, André, Barbosa, Bruno, Silva, Rafael, Prezoto, Fábio, Lino-Neto, José, and Nascimento, Fábio
- Subjects
- *
KIN recognition , *POLISTES , *MATE selection , *INSECT societies , *INBREEDING , *BEHAVIOR , *INSECTS - Abstract
We investigated the effect of kinship on mate selection by males of the neotropical primitively eusocial paper wasp Polistes versicolor. By conducting short-time, paired, consecutive, dyadic encounters, in which a male was randomly introduced separately to a related and an unrelated female in a small glass arena, we were able to observe and measure the male sexual display. We found that male sexual interest toward a female was not affected by kinship, even after controlling the differences in female behavior. Despite our finding that males were as eager to harass females, regardless of kinship, previous evidence suggested that incestuous copulation (inbreeding) in natural populations of P. versicolor appeared to be avoided. We suggest that in the natural mating habitat of the native population that we studied, in which many colonies were able to produce males and reproductive females in a short time window, the probability of finding related sexual partners was low, hence, intersexual kin discrimination did not evolve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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142. Dysfunctional leadership: investigating employee experiences with dysfunctional leaders
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Abalkhail, Jouharah M.
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- 2022
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143. Adoption of sustainable agricultural practices in Brazil: understanding the influence of socioeconomic and psychological factors
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Foguesatto, Cristian Rogério and Machado, João Armando Dessimon
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- 2022
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144. Managing Conflict at Institution/s of Higher Learning: A Post-Positivist Perspective
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Lukman, Yusuf
- Abstract
Institutions of Higher Learning in South Africa annually face challenges that often lead to student protests and demonstrations, mostly at the beginning of every academic year, which adversely impact the smooth running of academic programs. Stakeholders' expectations were at the apex of causes that destabilise the academic environment, academic almanac and the overall academic professional reputation. The volatility of this kind retards productivity and negatively affects many tertiary institutions across the Country. This empirically grounded paper focuses on conflicting variables amongst universities, but with reference to an Eastern Cape University in South Africa spread across its Campuses. Adopting the post-positivist approach, this study obtained data from over 180 respondents and the data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics, including analyses of variance and Pearson Product Moment correlations. In addition, content analysis techniques were used to analyse the data collected from the unstructured questionnaire. In this empirical study the findings highlighted two major variables that gave rise to conflicts, escalation of strikes and demonstrations at Higher Institutions of learning and recommend a conflict management style apposite for handling the conundrum. The factors dealt with in this study are not peculiar to the institution studied, but are analogous to other institutions. The findings also underscored Integrating conflict management as the most commendable style for managing conflicts at institutions of higher learning.
- Published
- 2021
145. Data Science and Human Behaviour Interpretation and Transformation
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Singh, Ajit
- Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze various dimensions for measurement of human behavior. Human behaviour is complex. Behaviors, emotions, cognitions, and attitudes can rarely be described in terms of one or two variables. It is multimodal in nature. Furthermore, the traits, modalities and dimensions cannot be measured directly, but must be inferred from constructs which in turn are measured by multiple factors or variables. I have emphasized on the use of baseline data for each subject as the degree of expressiveness for same situation which varies for each subject and needs to be measured based on the individual trait of the subject. This can be done by making baseline data for subjects being researched. Subsequently, discussion has been done on data analysis. Finally, framework for the same has been proposed. Basically, the researcher asks two questions, "Do I have anything important?" (Which is based upon the researcher's observations of some aspect of human behavior adequately addresses the observation) "If so, what do I have?" (What is the best explanation of the relationship between the variables?).
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- 2021
146. Unfamiliar Untrained Observers' Ratings of Adolescent Safety Behaviors within Social Interactions with Unfamiliar Peer Confederates
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Rezeppa, Taylor, Okuno, Hide, Qasmieh, Noor, Racz, Sarah J., Borelli, Jessica L., and De Los Reyes, Andres
- Abstract
Adolescents experiencing social anxiety often engage in safety behaviors--covert avoidance strategies for managing distress (e.g., avoiding eye contact)--that factor into the development and maintenance of their concerns. Prior work supports the psychometric properties of the Subtle Avoidance Frequency Examination (SAFE), a self-report survey of safety behaviors. Yet, we need complementary methods for assessing these behaviors within contexts where adolescents often experience concerns, namely interactions with unfamiliar peers. Recent work indicates that, based on short, direct social interactions with adolescents, individuals posing as unfamiliar peers (i.e., "peer confederates") and without assessment training can capably report about adolescent social anxiety. We built on prior work by testing whether we could gather valid SAFE reports from "unfamiliar untrained observers" (UUOs), who observed adolescents within archived recordings of these short social interactions. A mixed clinical/community sample of 105 adolescents self-reported on their functioning and participated in a series of social interaction tasks with peer confederates, who also provided social anxiety reports about the adolescent. Based on video recordings of these tasks, "trained independent observers" rated adolescents' observed social skills, and an additional set of UUOs completed SAFE reports of these same adolescents. Unfamiliar untrained observers' SAFE reports (a) related to adolescents' SAFE self-reports, (b) distinguished adolescents on clinically elevated social anxiety concerns, (c) related to trained independent observers' ratings of adolescent social skills within interactions with peer confederates, and (d) related to adolescents' self-reported arousal within these same interactions. Our findings support use of unfamiliar observers' perspectives to understand socially anxious adolescents' interpersonal functioning. [This paper will be published in "Behavior Therapy."]
- Published
- 2021
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147. Teacher Opinions and Perspectives of Visual Culture Theory and Material Culture Studies in Art Education
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Basak, Rasim
- Abstract
Teacher opinions and discussions about Visual Culture Theory and Material Culture in art education are examined in this paper. Both approaches were compared and evaluated within their contents and fundamentals. Visual Culture Art Education (VCAE) in art education, specifically, has been criticized as having a "Neo-Marxist" or "Cultural Marxist" agenda stemming from "Critical Theory," nonetheless, it is also viewed as being just another recent Postmodernist approach. Being a controversial theoretical account, VCAE seems widely unknown and not understood in its conceptual frame among art teachers in Turkey. Its name also may have caused confusions. In this study, art teacher opinions of VCAE content, principles, applications and practices were collected through a survey questionnaire; and examined. Participants were 71 art teachers. Purposeful, convenient, random sampling method was employed to represent a population of art teachers from various backgrounds, with various experience levels, with educational experience from various universities, working at various geographical regions and towns in Turkey. The study was designed and structured as a descriptive survey research. Analyses revealed that art teachers usually are not aware of the typical discussions about VCAE. Having been criticized as an ideologically rooted theory, applicability of VCAE in Turkey seems controversial in many aspects.
- Published
- 2021
148. Improving the Influence of Evidence in Policy Creation: An Ethnographic Study of the Research-to-Policy Collaborative
- Author
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Guillot-Wright, Shannon and Oliver, Kathryn
- Abstract
Background: Despite the known need for empirical research-to-policy studies, little is known about the factors and conditions needed to support meaningful evidence use or how to intervene to promote quality evidence use. Aims and objectives: To study research-policy processes empirically and descriptively, we conducted an ethnography that focused on the impact of the Research-to-Policy Collaboration (RPC) on legislator and researcher evidence use or policy engagement, including whether and how researchers and policymakers created and sustained meaningful relationships. Methods: The ethnography included participant observation as well as pre- and post- semi-structured interviews from policymakers (n=17), researchers (n=23), and RPC staff (n=5). The team attended relevant events as well as observed the formal and informal ways research is used in policymaking. Findings: In the paper, we describe how 1) legislative priorities were identified; 2) networks were established and maintained; 3) trainings evolved over time; 4) relationships between RPC staff, congressional staff, and researchers were facilitated; and 5) RPC followed up with policymakers and researchers. Discussion and conclusions: We 1) describe the experiences of participants and whether involvement in the intervention changed attitudes or behaviours about evidence use in policy; 2) describe the RPC process in practice, and how it was implemented and evolved over time; and 3) better understand the conditions supporting evidence use in policymaking. We conclude with the value of the RPC as a resource to fill a niche within the evidence and policy space, as well as suggestions for future research-to-policy programmes and practices.
- Published
- 2023
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149. Behavioural Design of Gamification Elements and Exploration of Player Types in Youth Basketball Training
- Author
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Feng, Zeping, Lau, Newman, Zhu, Mengxiao, Liu, Mengru, Refati, Rehe, Huang, Xiao, and Lee, Kun-pyo
- Abstract
In Mainland China, the sports training process of most players is highly homogenized, the convergence of which makes them ineffectively be identified with their individual and specific profile and difficult for them to play the sports according to their strengths and characteristics. Moreover, existing sports training software does not differentiate between player types to provide customized persona. Therefore, efficient and personalized methods need to be provided to guide players towards more autonomous sports training. Current research shows that gamification design in the process of sports training can transform players' unique conscious behaviors into habits, thus increasing their autonomy. However, the current gamification design in sports training is only based on uniform gamification elements and does not take into account the player's motivation and gamification experience, which is one of the main reasons for the homogenization of sports training. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors that contribute to the design of gamification systems in the field of sports training, as well as to determine the relationship between players' gamification experiences during sport. It will help the researchers to explore in depth the possibilities of learning environments for youth basketball training with the development of gamified experiences. This design-driven study performed both offline and online questionnaire research (N = 198), which was analyzed with the method of a 7-point Likert scale as well as the assistance of SPSS, identified potential for the establishment of a framework for analysing preferences for gamification design elements in the context of basketball training for young players. Based on the results, this paper finds that there is a correlation between immersion and achievement in gamification experiences and proposes a framework for gamification system design in the field of sports training and offers insight that may enable the development of gamification designs that can motivate players.
- Published
- 2023
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150. Misunderstanding Vaccine Hesitancy: A Case Study in Epistemic Injustice
- Author
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Cassam, Quassim
- Abstract
This paper argues that vice-charging, the practice of charging other persons with epistemic vice, can itself be epistemically vicious. It identifies some potential vices of vice-charging and identifies knowledge of other people as a type of knowledge that is obstructed by epistemically vicious attributions of epistemic vice. The hazards of vice-charging are illustrated by reference to the accusation that parents who hesitate to give their children the MMR triple vaccine are guilty of gullibility and dogmatism. Ethnographic and sociological research is used to make the case that this charge is, in a significant range of cases, epistemically unjust and hinders attempts to make sense of vaccine hesitancy. This epistemic injustice consists in the representation of vaccine hesitant parents as less than full epistemic agents. A case is made for a more tolerant and inclusive approach, not only to vaccine hesitancy but also to other forms of unorthodoxy or non-compliance. The primary objective in these cases should be to achieve "Verstehen" of seemingly alien outlooks and practices so that policy makers and practitioners in public services can more effectively educate a sceptical public about the risks of vaccine hesitancy.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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