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Gesar ("ge sar") is a warrior-like king in the realm of Ling ("gling") and the protagonist of a voluminous folkloric poem that many Tibetan bards have performed for centuries. With Gesar's increasing fame in modern times, the orature has become a quintessential representation of Tibetan culture. This paper compares two children's books that draw on the Gesar tradition, "Tibetan Heroic Epic: Gesar Children's Literature Collection" ("gling ge sar sgrung gi byis pa'i rtsom rig dpe tshogs") and "Gesar Epic: Hor-Ling Battle" ("ge sar rgyal po'i sgrung hor gling gyul 'gyed"). The two books approach the relationship between adaptation and authenticity differently, with "Tibetan Heroic Epic" adhering to textual renditions of the orature, while "Gesar Epic" significantly transforms the ancient tradition. The latter is more accessible for children. As much as the editors of "Tibetan Heroic Epic" aspire to present an authentic Tibetan tradition to children, their method of literal transcription is unappealing and unsuccessful. The problem of "Tibetan Heroic Epic" mainly lies in a flawed understanding of cultural authenticity. Culture, when alive and thriving, is mobile and fluid. Hence, the authenticity of culture is not about keeping a tradition unchanged from the past to the future. With Gesar's adaptation in children's literature as an example, the author argues that cultural authenticity is not an imagined reservoir of immutability. Instead, authenticity is generated from changes made by people who know and own that particular culture.

Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis's "Schooling in Capitalist America," a classic book in the field of education, has become more influential in the last twenty years than it was during the first several years following its publication. Interestingly, however, there are some widespread misconceptions about the book. In this paper, Jianguo Zhang investigates four of the primary critiques of "Schooling in Capitalist America" and then offers a critical defense of the book. He argues further that for Chinese scholars in education, this book is not only a classic, but it is also an outstanding model for how to apply Marxism to the field of education. It is particularly significant in the context of recent calls in China for a return to class analysis in the social sciences. On a worldwide scale, "Schooling" depicts the strong link between Karl Marx and education, which may benefit critical analysis of Marx's legacy to the field of education. Finally, the book may also serve to draw our imagination of education back to theoretical resources of socialism.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review English-language publications about school principalship in China published between 1998 and 2013 and to present an overview of the authorship, topics, methodologies and key findings of these publications. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology includes an exhaustive review of journal articles and book chapters about Chinese school principalship published in the English language. In total, 39 articles and 17 book chapters are identified for the 1998-2013 period. Qualitative analysis is conducted to determine the basic patterns of authorship, topics, methods and key findings. The changes or continuities in these patterns during the study period are also discerned. Findings: The paper identifies several continuous and discontinuous patterns in each of the review categories and provides a better understanding of on-going research into the practice of school principalship in China. The results also suggest areas that require deeper exploration. Originality/value: This paper explores the landscape of school principalship in China as reflected in the international literature and indicates the ways that this landscape has changed or remained the same over the years. As such, the paper contributes to the thin knowledge base concerning school principalship in China and sheds light on the enduring local-global tension in the evolution of education systems.

This paper reflects on a team translation project on Aboriginal culture designed to enhance university students' intercultural communication competence and understanding through engaging in an interactive team translation project funded by the Australia-China Council. A selected group of Chinese speaking translation students participated in the project and two English books on Australian Aboriginal history and culture were translated to Chinese from August 2011 to May 2012. The two bilingual books were published by Aboriginal Studies Press in May 2013. After the one-year translation project was completed, the author conducted a survey and audio-taped interviews about the participants' translation experience. Using social constructivist theory (SCT), the author coded the data, conducted critical analysis of the contents, and categorised the themes. It was found that the participants not only improved their translation skills through combining theories with practices, but also got better knowledge of Australian Aboriginal cultural tradition and history than before. Having understood cross-linguistic differences, they combined translation theory with practice and raised their intercultural awareness after going through various organized learning activities centering on the translation project. Such an interaction-based student engagement learning approach helped student translators achieve meaningful communication and learner autonomy through individual reflections, group discussions, and seminars. Finally the pedagogical implications of the team translation project were discussed.

This study was aimed at comparing different formats of illustrations for children's books created by modern Chinese and Ukrainian artists. At the same time, it was not focused just on determining the leading format, but on identifying the attractiveness factors of each format. To this end, the study investigated children's illustration preferences drawing from the following three age groups: 5–6 years old (preschoolers), 7–8 years old (second‐graders), and 9–10 years old (fourth‐graders). According to the survey, children were most concerned with illustration colourfulness (this is true for paper and pop‐up books) and viewing convenience. There were no statistically significant differences found between Chinese and Ukrainian books in terms of these parameters. At the same time, Chinese e‐books appeared to outperform the Ukrainian texts in terms of feature management and illustration colourfulness. Publishers and artists of children's books can use these data for effective creative activity and making constructive decisions. At the same time, these findings may be of interest to parents, informing or guiding book selection for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Treatise on Febrile Diseases ( Shang Han Lun ) inscripted and published by Zhao Kaimei in the Ming Dynasty was believed to be reprinted from the version of the Northern Song Dynasty, based on its official dispatch, at the beginning of the book, in the third year of the Yuanyou Period of the Northern Song Dynasty. However, the authenticity of the official dispatch remained controversial among scholars of medical history and literature. This paper reports on an investigation of the formation process of the official dispatch, classifies the titles recorded after the inscription, makes comparisons with the medical books inscripted in the same period, and analyzes the causes of the official dispatch and the title in Treatise on Febrile Diseases inscripted by Zhao Kaimei. It was found that the inscription, the official dispatch and the titles were authentic and that the position of the official dispatch was moved from the end of the book to the beginning of the book.

In this paper, a library-space information model (LSIM) based on a geographical information system (GIS) was built to visually show the bookshelf location of each book through the display interface of various terminals. Taking Shanghai Jiao Tong University library as an example, both spatial information and attribute information were integrated into the model. In the spatial information, the reading room layout, bookshelves, reference desks, and so on were constructed with different attributes. The bookshelf layer was the key attribute of the bookshelves, and each book was linked to one bookshelf layer. Through the field of bookshelf layer, the book in the query system can be connected with the bookshelf-layer information of the LSIM. With the help of this model, readers can search books visually in the query system and find the books' positions accurately. It can also be used in the inquiry of special-collection resources. Additionally, librarians can use this model to analyze books' circulation status, and books with similar subjects that are frequently circulated can be recommended to readers. The library's permanent assets (chairs, tables, etc.) could be managed visually in the model. This paper used GIS as a tool to solve the problem of accurate positioning, simultaneously providing better services for readers and realizing visual management of books for librarians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhang Wenzhong, a famous Chinese medical doctor in the early Tang Dynasty, was granted a particular position as Shang Yao Feng Yu, for the Empress Wu Ze Tian dealing with medication. He was good at dealing with stroke in particular. He also had unique viewpoints towards medical prescriptions and skills. He wrote medical books and developed his own medical theories. All these were recorded in both the Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang . However, most of his works had been lost due to time and the frequent wars in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Six medical prescriptions signed by Zhang Wenzhong were discovered in documents unearthed from the Dun Huang Sutra Cave. They were believed to be important archives of Zhang Wenzhong's writing and medical thoughts. In addition, some pieces of work found in the documents unearthed from Tu Yu Gou were suspected of being written by Zhang Wenzhong. This can be compared with his works cited in the handed-down documents, such as The Collection of Secret Prescriptions (Wai Tai Mi Yao Fang). This paper takes a textual research approach to examine the medical works of Zhang Wenzhong, comparing the handed-down documents with the unearthed documents to examine his medical achievements.

The Xu's Medical Family, from the Northern and Southern Dynasties, was called an official family with medical background by Fan Xingzhun. Its genealogy was traced back to the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty. Based on the local chronicles, epitaphs, history books and relevant medical historical artifacts, this paper explores the development of the Xu's Medical Family in the Yuan and the Ming Dynasties. Most of the Xu's family members were appointed as medical officials locally after Xue Yueweng in the Yuan Dynasty. Xu Shu, Xu Biao, Xu Wei and Xu Wenyuan were appointed as Medical Ambassadors and the judges of Tai Yi Hospital in the Ming Dynasty. Xu Wei was appointed as the Right Tong Zheng in charge of the Tai Yi Hospital affairs in the period of Jia Jing, and promoted to the Chief of Taipu Department in the period of Wan Li in the Ming Dynasty. He was the highest-ranking official in the Xu's Medical Family in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. The Xu's Medical Family were a family of both officials and doctors, to some extent, related to the Yi-Hu System in both the Yuan and the Ming Dynasties. Some of the Xu's family members still took a career as a doctor, but did not serve as medical officers from the Qing Dynasty. Some of the Xu's decendants went into official careers via the Imperial Examination, such as Xu Shifen, as Deputy Minister of Hubu in the Qing Dynasty.

The Yijing Dazhi (, Great Illustrated Directions on Medical Classics) was written by Haiyan He Yue in the Ming Dynasty. This book cited some sections from the Danxi Yi An ( , Danxi's Medical Cases), and some cases in this book were new discoveries. Using the method of philology, this paper compared the cited sections from the Danxi Yi An () in The Yijing Dazhi with the medical records in Danxi Yi An (), Gezhi Yu Lun (, Further Discourses on the Properties of Things), Danxi Zuanyao (, Collected Essentials of Master Danxi's Medical Book), and Danxi Zhifa Xinyao (, Heart and Essentials of Danxi's Treatment Methods). It found that Danxi Yi An () and Danxi Yi An () are actually two individual books. In addition, the contents of Yijing Dazhi cited from Danxi Yi An () are well preserved and have important reference value for collating the medical records of Zhu Danxi in other relevant medical archives.

Chen Xunzhai was a famous Fujian traditional Chinese medicine expert in the period of the Republic of China. There are different records of his native place in the existing literature. By reviewing the published journals and books, interviewing Chen Xunzhai's scattered works and genealogy and visiting his descendants, this article conducted investigations and researches and confirmed that Chen Xunzhai, also named Guangcheng, was born in Shangyang Village, Gaopo Town in Yongding County of Fujian Province. He was the 22nd generation of descendants of Chen family in Shangyang Yingchuan County, not the descendant of the Chen family in Jiang Tian Nanyang of Chang Le City. Neither was he the seventh-generation grandson of Chen Xiuyuan. The findings of this paper will lay the foundation for the further researches on Chen Xunzhai.

The style of Fang Shu() has been developing and improving since it was established in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and it has reached a climax in the Song Dynasty. On the basis of prescriptions, the Pu Ji Ben Shi Fang (, Universal Benefit from My Prsactice ) added Xu Shuwei's clinical cases and new experience. So it's called "Ben Shi" . This paper starts from the style of compiling febrile diseases in the Pu Ji Ben Shi Fang, taking the layout of prescription, medical record and medical theory as the research object, discusses the internal relationship between the expression of academic focus and the change of style and structure of works. The whole book is based on prescriptions, through medical cases and medical theories explained the prescription, expanding relevant content, integrating the three parts as a whole, combined with the clinical practice and theoretical analysis, further explanation and proof of the efficacy of the formula. Combined with the changes of the style of the Fang Shu, this paper expounds that the combination of case and theory supporting prescription is an important feature of the compilation style of Fang Shu.

This paper highlights how Chinese-educated Chinese Malaysian undergraduate youth display a preference for not only collectivist but also individualist values, as indicated by the cultural capital based on preference in books. The study is based on the theoretical framework of cultural capital as introduced by sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, and the choice of book preference as indicator follows a large scale study of modern China by Wang, Davis and Yanjie (2006). It is found that contrary to literature which suggests that the Chinese diaspora are more prone to collectivism, respondents of this small-scale study show openness to both collectivist and individualistic values. This indicates a cultural homogenisation effect on the cultural capital possession of respondents. As the study only includes a convenience sample of Chinese Malaysian undergraduates pursuing their undergraduate study through a Chinese-language medium, the findings are not meant to generalise the entire population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses two Chinese sex education picture books for children aged between 3 and 6 years of age using van Leeuwen's legitimation framework, which identifies four types of legitimation strategies: authorization, moral evaluation, rationalisation and mythopoesis. Our findings suggest that personal authority tends to be vested in mothers as the conveyers of sex education to young children. Moral evaluation is realised through values such as responsibility and love, which are embedded in the description of biological events and physical objects, implicitly instilling in children the accepted heterosexual moralities that pervade mainstream Chinese society. Rationalisation is used to suggest a general social need to decrease the degree of directness in discussions about sex-related knowledge and to legitimise the appropriateness of the contents of sex education for young children. With respect to mythopoesis, both texts present a moral tale in which the love and marriage of a man and a woman is rewarded by the birth of a 'healthy, strong and clever' child. All these strategies configure to construe a moderately open, highly positive and fundamentally stereotypically heterosexual image of sexuality and procreation for young children in mainland China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, a single species of Eucommia genus belonging to the Eucommiaceae family, is an endemic in China and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for nearly two thousand years. Records from different historical periods highlight E. ulmoides and its officinal botanical parts, usefulness in adaptation to disease and its central role in Chinese medicine theory. There are also historical collection documents for minorities in China. Tearing the leaves, bark and fruit produces strands of latex; a description of E. ulmoides's morphological features is recorded in this paper. This review summarizes 204 natural compounds isolated from this plant, which are divided into seven categories: lignans, iridoids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenes and others. These components possess wide-ranging pharmacological efficacies, such as antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemia, anti-oxidative, anti-osteoporosis, antitumor, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective activities. This review aims to provide a reference for extensive researches of E. ulmoides crude drugs, especially for quality control, biosynthesis and structure modification of active ingredients and pharmacological mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The achievement of Nongzheng Quanshu in area of herhalogical textual research was illustrated in this paper. Nongzheng Quanshu recorded the information of 159 kinds of cultivated plants and 473 kinds of wild plants. It also quoted many contents from lots of ancient agriculture hooks related in herbalogical literature. Many agriculture researchers were encouraged to have done much work in area of herhalogical textual research It also included the materia medica hook Jiuhuang Bencao and Yecaipu therein and promoted their delivery.

In our previous paper, we analyzed "Deqi" in book Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic) and Nanjing (Canon of Difficult Medical Problems) from "Zhishen"(Treating mentality) and Tiaoqi (Regulating qi). In the present paper, the authors discuss the connotations of "Deqi" and related events in the later ages of the abovementioned two classic books to the later stage of the Qing Dynasty when involves about 20 classical works as Zhenjiu Dacheng ( The Great Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Zhenjing Zhinan (Guide to the classics of Acupuncture), Zhenjiu Daquan (A Complete Works of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) etc. from 1) close association between "Deqi" and patients' mental activity; 2) how to wait for arrival of qi if the needling does not induce "Deqi" for the time being; 3) how to identify "qi-arrival" and then, performing suitable manipulations; 4) Deqi and shallow- or deep-needling; 5) putting more emphasis on patients' feeling and reactions, rather than the practitioners perception beneath the needle which is described in book Huangdi Neijing; and 6) not withdrawing the acupuncture needles if qi does not arrive. Generally, in the later ages, the connotations of Deqi are enriched greatly.

In this paper, menstruation prescriptions were selected from "Fu Qingzhu's Obstetrics and Gynecology" and analyzed by using GRI algorithm, correlation analysis, hierarchical clustering method through SPSS, Clementine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) inheritance auxiliary systems, in order to screen out 15 menopathy prescriptions, which involve 45 traditional Chinese medicine herbs. In the study, blood-tonifying and qi-tonifying herbs were found to be frequent in the prescriptions. The most frequent single herb was white paeony root, accounting for 9.6% in the total number of prescriptions; The most frequent herb pairs were white paeony root-radix rehmanniae preparata and paeony root-angelica sinensis. Among Fu Shan's menopathy prescriptions, 61 herbal pairs showed a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.05, which evolved into 16 pairs of core combinations. The analysis showed that menopathy prescriptions in volume 1 of "Fu Qingzhu's Obstetrics and Gynecology" focused on tonic traditional Chinese medicines involving liver, spleen and kidney and were adjusted according to changes in qi, blood, cold, hot and wet, which could provide a specific reference for further studies on Fu Shan's academic thoughts and traditional Chinese medicine clinical treatment of menopathy.

Mr. CHENG Dan-an, a famous acupuncture master, is the beginner of "Chengjiang Acupuncturological School" in China. This school of thought has a far-reaching impact on current acupunturological education,and its educational thought and teaching features chiefly reflect in CHENG's works. In the present paper, the authors analyze the influence of contemporary historical factors and sum up Mr. CHENG's educational thought on the basis of the written foundation, style and contents of his book Chinese Acupuncturology from four aspects (1) the role of education, (2) the process of education, (3) the teacher's and students' relationship in educational activities,and (4) the compilation of teaching materials about acupuncture and moxibustion.

Picture book reading is an educational experience that occurs when children attend to the text in a book while simultaneously listening to its narration. Whether preschool children with hearing loss reliant on assistive devices behave similarly to hearing children during reading with a narrator remains unknown. Sixty preschool children aged from 3 to 7, with or without hearing loss, read a picture book independently or with a narrator. Children with hearing loss produced more fixations and longer viewing time on the picture and fewer fixations and less viewing time on the text than hearing children. Overall, children reading with a narrator paid more overall attention to the picture and less attention to the print compared to children reading independently. Although preschool children with hearing loss have difficulties with picture book reading, they may potentially reap the benefit of reading with a narrator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Language production, a dynamic process involving real-time language processing, is crucial for children's language and communication development. To explore the early development of children's real-time language production, this study investigated Chinese preschool children's pausing strategies in narratives and their associations with verbal working memory and vocabulary abilities. Method: A picture-elicited narrative task was employed. Sixty Mandarinspeaking children aged 4-5 years were asked to tell a story according to the book Frog, Where Are You? The pausing types and positions in narratives were coded and analyzed. Additionally, children's verbal working memory and vocabulary were measured. Results: The results showed that 4- to 5-year-old children prefer to use silent pauses and tend to produce pauses within clauses. The total frequency of pausing decreases with age and shows a significant gender difference. Girls prefer to use within-clause pauses, whereas boys prefer to use between-clause pauses. More importantly, children's pausing frequency is closely associated with their verbal working memory and vocabulary, in which working memory plays a more important role. Conclusions: This study is a first-step exploration of pausing strategies in 4- to 5-year-old Chinese children's narratives. The developmental characteristics of pausing strategies shown in typically developing children serve as a crucial reference for interventions for children with language deficits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appreciative joy refers to feeling happy for others with appreciative and unenvious attitudes, which is a strength-like construct emphasized much more in Chinese than in Western culture. The current study provides an initial exploration of appreciative joy's relationship with the strengths in the Values in Action (VIA) framework. Study 1 with 516 online participants showed that appreciative joy was positively correlated with the VIA strengths and provided an incremental explanation for subjective well-being and envy after controlling for the 24 VIA strengths. Study 2 recruited 559 readers of a Chinese novel (The Dream of the Red Chamber) and showed that appreciative joy was associated with the perception of the outstanding strength of characters in the novel after controlling for interpersonal strengths. These findings illustrate both similarities and differences between appreciative joy and strengths in VIA and hold multiple implications for research on appreciative joy, positive psychology and cultural diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report provides an overview of China's publishing industry in 2018, including the number of publishing houses, the total volume of books published and the structure of publications. As for China's best sellers in 2018, the segment generally showed a steady trend of growth, and the fixed prices of the best sellers made greater contribution to the overall fixed prices of publications. There were over 400 books with over 200,000 copies sold, far more than the figure in the previous years. As for the retail market in 2018, the sales of printed books kept growing, with a fall after rise. The online and offline sales were uneven, and online bookstores contributed significantly to the overall growth. The best-performing category of books was different from those in the previous years, while the teaching aids and teaching materials grow faster than other categories. New books were not popular enough, while the classics and the themed publications sold well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, China are planning their own big data centers and services in all works of life. So, are there big data in the publishing industry? What data does it have? This article will introduce the current situation in China's traditional publishing industry in details mainly in three aspects, data types, data size and data utilization. Especially, it is the first time that to analyze the overall data scale of China's traditional publishing industry over 10 years. Meanwhile, it gives average data volume of per press, published book, periodical and newspaper with analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the POD services for the publishing industry from 2000 to 2016 in China, by looking at some key numbers and introducing several companies and publishers who have invested in the POD business, looking at their business models, advantages and disadvantages. Also this article will share some first-hand information and ideas from people in both the publishing and printing industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been demonstrated that online consumer reviews are an important source of information that affect individuals' purchase decision making. To understand the influence of online reviews, this study extends prior research on information adoption by incorporating the perspective of herd behavior. We develop and empirically test a research model using data collected from an existing book review site. We report 2 major findings. First, argument quality and source credibility predict information usefulness, which affects the adoption of online reviews. Second, we determine that the adoption of online reviews is also influenced by 2 herd factors, namely, discounting own information and imitating others. We further identify the key determinants of these herd factors, including background homophily and attitude homophily. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]