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This paper presents the analytical data collected from the analyses of several cauldrons with cross-attachments, perhaps better known under the German name Kreuzattaschenkessel. The analyses seem to confirm the hypothesis that these distinctive artifacts had been produced in two different periods and areas and show different characteristics. The chronology of the vessels is still not defined with certainty, but different shapes, different details, and different compositions seem to suggest that also in the later period there were two or more production sites. The implications of this fact and the related problems are discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Documenta Praehistorica is the property of Documenta Praehistorica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper chronologically presents the main reforms and agrarian policies in Romania, over the last hundred years, starting with the 1918 agrarian reform and up to today's Community policies. The 1921 agrarian reform was based on King Ferdinand's solemn promise in 1917 to give land to the peasants who were the main participants in the First World War. This reform, which lasted for 10 years, expropriated 6,127 thousand ha; 1,479 persons became the owners of 3,404 thousand ha in total. Commons and village hearts were built. In its turn, the 1945 agrarian reform had a much smaller scale, i.e.1,444 thousand ha were expropriated and 1,058 thousand ha were distributed. In fact, the reform was only a bait, in order to attract the peasants to the side of the new communist power, for the 1946 elections. In 1949, it was decided to collectivize the agriculture, process that would end in 1962. The next reform was represented by Law 18/1991, enforced after the fall of communism. Initially, a maximum of 10 ha in arable equivalent land was returned. In parallel, the former state-owned enterprises turned into commercial companies and were privatized. After 1989, with the transition to the market economy, and after 1997, with the accession to the European Union, Romania's land policy has been subject to Community policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims at observing the dynamics of the process of invention protection in Romania. It consists of a chronological analysis of the main pieces of legislation, beginning with Law no. 102/1906, which filled a legislative void and proved extremely important for the social, economic and industrial development of the country. The first Romanian law for the granting of invention patents was inspired by the French and Belgian legislation. Rescinded, amended and completed by subsequent regulations, this piece of legislation was applied until the 30th of December 1967, when it was rescinded by Decree no. 884/1967, the provisions of which are detailed below. The paper also includes a synthesis of the amendments made to Law no. 62/1974. The profound changes which occurred in the Romanian society after 1989 made it necessary to adopt new regulations regarding the protection of technical creations, in order both to stimulate creative activities and to correct the unjust decisions taken on account of the previous legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper identifies and discusses three important contributions to Romanian historiography that emerged from the work of the Institute of National History between 1920 and 1945: the creation of Romania's first institute of historical study; the promotion of professional bibliographic work; and the initiation of a model publications program, including a first rate scholarly journal and several book series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents part of a research on knowledge management (KM) in Romanian companies. It is our belief that documenting Romanian companies' situation from a chronological perspective can successfully complete the literature and provide essential information in a managerial field that is in relatively early development stage. The statistical universe are local companies -- grouped by age, industry, development region, ownership status or size -- which implements some or all elements of knowledge based management. 214 companies were investigated in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archaeological Materials & Research / Materiale şi Cercetǎri Arheologice is the property of Institute of Archaeology "Vasile Parvan" and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Romania, as well as in all totalitarian regimes, historiography suffered seriously due to the existing political context. More than anywhere else, excepting maybe the Soviet Union, the historiographical realities were among the bleakest ones. The instrumentalisation of history was performed on vast areas mainly due to an acute desire of becoming legit after not an exactly glorious past of the Communist Party that fraudfully came into power in several stages between 1945 and1947. Firstly, we followed methodologically the main stages in the evolution of the historical discourse, stages that generally correspond to the post-war Romanian history. In spite of the still existing controversies among specialists regarding the periodization of historiography in that period, we shall try our own chronology of the historiography of Romanian communism. The first period covers the years 1945-1948, followed by a second one covering the years 1948-1955 and by the last two periods covering the years 1955-1960 and 1960-1965. Borders are not strictly marked. They allow obvious continuities from one period to another. The years chosen as chronological borders represent obvious reference points for the selected interval that is characterized by a series of clear leading events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the first decade after 1989, the phenomenon of the Romanian contemporary art internationalization may be followed especially by its participations in the Contemporary Art Biennale from Venice. The five exhibitions in the Romanian Pavilion from Giardini between 1990 and 2000 show a pretty slow route of official policy changes related to the promotion of Romanian art abroad. The exhibitions of the 1990, 1993 and 1995 editions are still anchored in the tradition of artistic paradigms before 1989, promoting late modernists discourses of some artists mainly active in the 60s and 70s. An orientation towards more experimental approaches shall occur with the edition from 1997, while the 1999 exhibition, by its strong conceptual component, aligns the Romanian Pavilion along the tendencies of the western art of that moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]