2,532 results
Search Results
2. A call to action for expanded sleep research in pediatric oncology: A position paper on behalf of the International Psycho-Oncology Society Pediatrics Special Interest Group.
- Author
-
Daniel LC, van Litsenburg RRL, Rogers VE, Zhou ES, Ellis SJ, Wakefield CE, Stremler R, Walter L, and Crabtree VM
- Subjects
- Child, Female, Humans, Pediatrics standards, Prevalence, Psycho-Oncology standards, Quality of Life, Societies, Medical standards, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Neoplasms physiopathology, Sleep physiology, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders epidemiology
- Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythms are closely related to physical and psychosocial well-being. However, sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions are often overlooked in children with cancer, as they are frequently considered temporary side effects of therapy that resolve when treatment ends. Yet, evidence from adult oncology suggests a bidirectional relationship wherein cancer and its treatment disrupt sleep and circadian rhythms, which are associated with negative health outcomes such as poor immune functioning and lower survival rates. A growing body of research demonstrates that sleep problems are prevalent among children with cancer and can persist into survivorship. However, medical and psychosocial outcomes of poor sleep and circadian rhythmicity have not been explored in this context. It is essential to increase our understanding because sleep and circadian rhythms are vital components of health and quality of life. In children without cancer, sleep and circadian disturbances respond well to intervention, suggesting that they may also be modifiable in children with cancer. We present this paper as a call to (a) incorporate sleep or circadian rhythm assessment into pediatric cancer clinical trials, (b) address gaps in understanding the bidirectional relationship between sleep or circadian rhythms and health throughout the cancer trajectory, and (c) integrate sleep and circadian science into oncologic treatment., (© 2019 The Authors. Psycho-Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Revealing Oft-cited but Unpublished Papers of Colin Pittendrigh and Coworkers.
- Author
-
Tackenberg MC, Johnson CH, Page TL, and Daan S
- Subjects
- Animals, Light, Publishing, Circadian Rhythm
- Abstract
Among the scientific resources that Colin Pittendrigh passed on to his colleagues after his death in 1996 were two unpublished papers. These manuscripts, developed first in the mid-1960s and continually updated and refined through the late 1970s, centered on the development and experimental exploration of a model of circadian entrainment combining aspects of the well-known parametric (continuous) and nonparametric (discrete) models of entrainment. These texts reveal the experimental work surrounding Pittendrigh's determination of the limits of entrainment and the explanation of the bistability phenomenon. These manuscripts are being made publicly available in their final format (February 1978) as supplementary material to this introduction.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Chronobiologic perspectives of black time--Accident risk is greatest at night: An opinion paper.
- Author
-
Reinberg A, Smolensky MH, Riedel M, Touitou Y, Le Floc'h N, Clarisse R, Marlot M, Berrez S, Pelisse D, and Mauvieux B
- Subjects
- Accidents, Traffic, Activity Cycles, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Animals, Firefighters, Humans, Job Description, Middle Aged, Personnel Staffing and Scheduling, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Work Schedule Tolerance, Young Adult, Accidents, Occupational psychology, Circadian Rhythm, Cognition, Dark Adaptation, Photoperiod
- Abstract
Simon Folkard in 1997 introduced the phrase black time to draw attention to the fact that the risk of driving accidents (DA) is greater during the night than day in usually diurnally active persons. The 24 h temporal pattern in DA entails circadian rhythms of fatigue and sleep propensity, cognitive and physical performance, and behavior that are controlled, at least in part, by endogenous clocks. This opinion paper extends the concept of black time to reports of excess nighttime accidents and injuries of workers and nocturnal occurrence of certain man-caused catastrophes. We explore the chronobiology of work-related black time accidents and injuries taking into account laboratory and field investigations describing, respectively, circadian rhythms in cognitive performance and errors and mistakes by employees in the conduct of routine occupational tasks. Additionally, we present results of studies pertaining to 24 h patterns of both the number and relative risk (number of events per h/number of workers exposed per h) of work-related accidents (WRA) and injuries (WRI) as well as indices of performance and alertness of a self-selected homogenous survivor cohort of French firefighters (FFs) to explore two possible explanations of black time, namely, 24 h variation in sleep propensity/drossiness characterized by a nocturnal peak and circadian rhythms in cognitive performance characterized by a nocturnal trough. We propose the 24 h pattern of WRA and WRI, particularly of FFs and other highly skilled self-selected cohorts, is more strongly linked to circadian rhythms of fatigue and sleepiness than cognitive performance. Other possible explanations--suppressed expression of circadian rhythms and/or unmasking of ultradian periodicities in cognitive performance in specific circumstances, e.g., highly stressful work, competitive, or life-threatening settings, are also discussed.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Evening prolonged relatively low melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance light exposure increases arousal before and during sleep without altering sleep structure.
- Author
-
He M, Chen H, Li S, Ru T, Chen Q, and Zhou G
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Young Adult, Male, Affect physiology, Adult, Sleep Quality, Arousal physiology, Polysomnography, Sleep physiology, Electroencephalography, Light, Circadian Rhythm physiology
- Abstract
Light can influence many psychophysiological functions beyond vision, including alertness, circadian rhythm, and sleep, namely the non-image forming (NIF) effects of light. Melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (mel-EDI) is currently recommended as the predictor of the NIF effects of light. Although light dose is also critical for entraining and regulating circadian cycle, it is still unknown whether relatively low mel-EDI light exposure for prolonged duration in the evening would affect pre-sleep arousal and subsequent sleep. In all, 18 healthy college students (10 females, mean [standard deviation] age 21.67 [2.03] years) underwent 2 experimental nights with a 1 week interval in a simulated bedroom environment. During experimental nights, participants were either exposed to high or low mel-EDI light (73 versus 38 lx mel-EDI, 90 versus 87 photopic lx at eye level, 150 photopic lx at table level) for 3.5 h before regular bedtime, and their sleep was monitored by polysomnography. Subjective sleepiness, mood, and resting-state electroencephalography during light exposure were also investigated. Results showed no significant differences in sleep structure and sleep quality between the two light conditions, whereas 3.5 h of exposure to high versus low mel-EDI light induced marginally higher physiological arousal in terms of a lower delta but higher beta power density before sleep, as well as a lower delta power density during sleep. Moreover, participants felt happier before sleep under exposure to high versus low mel-EDI light. These findings together with the current literature suggest that evening prolonged relatively low mel-EDI light exposure may mildly increase arousal before and during sleep but affected sleep structure less., (© 2023 European Sleep Research Society.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Aortic Stiffness Is Associated With Higher Nighttime Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.
- Author
-
Carlini NA, Stump OE, Lumadue EJ, Harber MP, and Fleenor BS
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Aged, Pulse Wave Analysis methods, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases physiopathology, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Vascular Stiffness physiology, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory methods, Blood Pressure physiology, Circadian Rhythm physiology
- Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between aortic stiffening and brachial and central ambulatory blood pressure (AMBP) in a nonclinical sample of middle-aged and older adults (MA/O). We hypothesized aortic stiffness would be positively associated with 24-hr, daytime, and nighttime brachial and central AMBP., Methods: Fifty-one participants aged ≥50 yr (21 males and 30 females, mean age 63.4 ± 9.0 yr) with a body mass index <35 kg/m 2 who also had a resting brachial blood pressure (BP) <160/100 mmHg with or without BP medications were recruited for this cross-sectional analysis. All participants underwent measures of aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [cfPWV]) and 24-hr AMBP monitoring. Bivariate correlations assessed the relationship between cfPWV, brachial, and central AMBP. Partial correlations were used to independently adjust for traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including age, sex, waist circumference, glucose, and augmentation index normalized to heart rate 75 bpm, a surrogate measure of arterial stiffness, and in a multivariable combined model., Results: Nighttime brachial systolic BP ( r = 0.31) and central systolic BP ( r = 0.30) were correlated with cfPWV in the multivariable combined model ( P ≤ .05). Nighttime brachial pulse pressure and central pulse pressure were correlated with cfPWV after independently adjusting for all CVD risk factors ( P ≤ .05, all) but not when combined in the multivariable model ( P > .05)., Conclusions: Higher nighttime brachial and central AMBP with older age are related, in part, to greater aortic stiffening. Therefore, interventions to lower or prevent aortic stiffening may also lower nighttime BP in MA/O adults to lower CVD risk., Competing Interests: All authors declare having no disclosures of funding and conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A blunted nocturnal blood pressure decline is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
- Author
-
de la Sierra A, Staplin N, Ruilope LM, Gorostidi M, Vinyoles E, Segura J, Baigent C, and Williams B
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Cause of Death, Hypertension mortality, Hypertension physiopathology, Prognosis, Blood Pressure physiology, Cardiovascular Diseases mortality, Cardiovascular Diseases physiopathology, Circadian Rhythm physiology
- Abstract
Objective: It has been suggested that a blunted nocturnal blood pressure (BP) decline is associated with a poor prognosis. Nevertheless, it remains unclear if an abnormal dipping is deleterious per se or it merely reflects an elevated BP during sleep. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of nocturnal BP decline, with or without concomitant elevated nocturnal BP., Methods: Vital status and cause of death were obtained from death certificates in 59 124 patients, enrolled in the Spanish ABPM Registry between 2004 and 2014 (median follow-up: 10 years). The association between night-to-day ratio (NDR) and dipping patterns (extreme dippers, dippers, reduced dippers, and risers) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were evaluated by Cox-proportional models adjusted for clinical confounders and 24 h blood pressure., Results: NDR was associated with all-cause mortality [hazard ratio for 1SD change: 1.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.17]. Reduced dippers (1.13; 1.06-1.20) and risers (1.41; 1.32-1.51) were associated with an increased risk of all-cause death, whereas extreme dippers (0.90; 0.79-1.02) were not. Elevated NDR (≥0.9) in the absence of elevated night SBP (<120 mmHg) was associated with an increased risk of death (1.13; 1.04-1.22), as well as elevated night SBP but normal NDR (1.38; 1.26-1.50), and the combination of both abnormalities (1.56; 1.46-1.66). Similar results were obtained for cardiovascular mortality., Conclusion: Abnormalities in the circadian pattern are associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This is maintained even in the absence of nocturnal BP elevation., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Circadian rhythm and redox homeostasis candidate genes showed association with shallow elevation in Norway spruce.
- Author
-
Caré O, Chano V, Erley M, Rogge M, and Gailing O
- Subjects
- Genotype, Genes, Plant genetics, Germany, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism, Genetic Markers, Picea genetics, Picea physiology, Circadian Rhythm genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Homeostasis genetics, Oxidation-Reduction
- Abstract
The analysis of genetic variation underlying local adaptation in natural populations, together with the response to different external stimuli, is currently a hot topic in forest sciences, with the aim of identifying genetic markers controlling key phenotypic traits of interest for their inclusion in restoration and breeding programs. In Europe, one of the main tree species is Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.). Using the MassARRAY® platform, 568 trees from North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) were genotyped with 94 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to circadian and growth rhythms, and to stress response. The association analysis of the selected markers with health status and elevation was performed using three different methods, and those identified by at least two of these were considered as high confidence associated SNPs. While just five markers showed a weak association with health condition, 32 SNPs were correlated with elevation, six of which were considered as high confidence associated SNPs, as indicated by at least two different association methods. Among these genes, thioredoxin and pseudo response regulator 1 (PRR1) are involved in redox homeostasis and ROS detoxification, APETALA2-like 3 (AP2L3), a transcription factor, is involved in seasonal apical growth, and a RPS2-like is a disease resistance gene. The function of some of these genes in controlling light-dependent reactions and metabolic processes suggests signatures of adaptation to local photoperiod and the synchronization of the circadian rhythm. This work provides new insights into the genetic basis of local adaptation over a shallow elevation gradient in Norway spruce., (© 2024 The Authors. Plant Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of German Society for Plant Sciences, Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Cathemerality: a key temporal niche.
- Author
-
Cox DTC and Gaston KJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Mammals, Biological Evolution, Adaptation, Physiological, Ecosystem, Circadian Rhythm
- Abstract
Given the marked variation in abiotic and biotic conditions between day and night, many species specialise their physical activity to being diurnal or nocturnal, and it was long thought that these strategies were commonly fairly fixed and invariant. The term 'cathemeral', was coined in 1987, when Tattersall noted activity in a Madagascan primate during the hours of both daylight and darkness. Initially thought to be rare, cathemerality is now known to be a quite widespread form of time partitioning amongst arthropods, fish, birds, and mammals. Herein we provide a synthesis of present understanding of cathemeral behaviour, arguing that it should routinely be included alongside diurnal and nocturnal strategies in schemes that distinguish and categorise species across taxa according to temporal niche. This synthesis is particularly timely because (i) the study of animal activity patterns is being revolutionised by new and improved technologies; (ii) it is becoming apparent that cathemerality covers a diverse range of obligate to facultative forms, each with their own common sets of functional traits, geographic ranges and evolutionary history; (iii) daytime and nighttime activity likely plays an important but currently neglected role in temporal niche partitioning and ecosystem functioning; and (iv) cathemerality may have an important role in the ability of species to adapt to human-mediated pressures., (© 2023 The Authors. Biological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Cambridge Philosophical Society.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Timeless spaces: Field experiments in the physiological study of circadian rhythms, 1938-1963.
- Author
-
Hussey KD
- Subjects
- Humans, Time, Research Design, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Biological Science Disciplines
- Abstract
In the middle of the twentieth century, physiologists interested in human biological rhythms undertook a series of field experiments in natural spaces that they believed could closely approximate conditions of biological timelessness. With the field of rhythms research was still largely on the fringes of the life sciences, natural spaces seemed to offer unique research opportunities beyond what was available to physiologists in laboratory spaces. In particular, subterranean caves and the High Arctic became archetypal 'natural laboratories' for the study of human circadian (daily) rhythms. This paper is explores the field experiments which occurred in these 'timeless spaces'. It considers how scientists understood these natural spaces as suitably 'timeless' for studying circadian rhythms and what their experimental practices can tell us about contemporary physiological notions of biological time, especially its relationship to 'environmentality' (Formosinho et al. in Stud History Philos Sci 91:148-158, 2022). In so doing, this paper adds to a growing literature on the interrelationship of field sites by demonstrating the ways that caves and the Arctic were connected by rhythms scientists. Finally, it will explore how the use of these particular spaces were not just scientific but also political - leveraging growing Cold War anxieties about nuclear fallout and the space race to bring greater prestige and funding to the study of circadian rhythms in its early years., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Circadian rhythms in ischaemic heart disease: key aspects for preclinical and translational research: position paper of the ESC working group on cellular biology of the heart.
- Author
-
Lecour, Sandrine, Pré, Bastiaan C Du, Bøtker, Hans Erik, Brundel, Bianca J J M, Daiber, Andreas, Davidson, Sean M, Ferdinandy, Peter, Girao, Henrique, Gollmann-Tepeköylü, Can, Gyöngyösi, Mariann, Hausenloy, Derek J, Madonna, Rosalinda, Marber, Michael, Perrino, Cinzia, Pesce, Maurizio, Schulz, Rainer, Sluijter, Joost P G, Steffens, Sabine, Linthout, Sophie Van, and Young, Martin E
- Subjects
- *
CIRCADIAN rhythms , *CYTOLOGY , *HEART diseases , *TRANSLATIONAL research , *HEART metabolism - Abstract
Circadian rhythms are internal regulatory processes controlled by molecular clocks present in essentially every mammalian organ that temporally regulate major physiological functions. In the cardiovascular system, the circadian clock governs heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac metabolism, contractility, and coagulation. Recent experimental and clinical studies highlight the possible importance of circadian rhythms in the pathophysiology, outcome, or treatment success of cardiovascular disease, including ischaemic heart disease. Disturbances in circadian rhythms are associated with increased cardiovascular risk and worsen outcome. Therefore, it is important to consider circadian rhythms as a key research parameter to better understand cardiac physiology/pathology, and to improve the chances of translation and efficacy of cardiac therapies, including those for ischaemic heart disease. The aim of this Position Paper by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart is to highlight key aspects of circadian rhythms to consider for improvement of preclinical and translational studies related to ischaemic heart disease and cardioprotection. Applying these considerations to future studies may increase the potential for better translation of new treatments into successful clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Bedtime dosing of antihypertensive medications: systematic review and consensus statement: International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension
- Author
-
George Stergiou, Mattias Brunström, Thomas MacDonald, Konstantinos G. Kyriakoulis, Michael Bursztyn, Nadia Khan, George Bakris, Anastasios Kollias, Ariadni Menti, Paul Muntner, Marcelo Orias, Neil Poulter, Daichi Shimbo, Bryan Williams, Abiodun Moshood Adeoye, Albertino Damasceno, Lyudmila Korostovtseva, Yan Li, Elizabeth Muxfeldt, Yuqing Zhang, Giuseppe Mancia, Reinhold Kreutz, and Maciej Tomaszewski
- Subjects
Physiology ,Hypertension ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Blood Pressure ,Prospective Studies ,Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Antihypertensive Agents ,Circadian Rhythm - Abstract
Antihypertensive drug therapy is one of the most efficient medical interventions for preventing disability and death globally. Most of the evidence supporting its benefits has been derived from outcome trials with morning dosing of medications. Accumulating evidence suggests an adverse prognosis associated with night-time hypertension, nondipping blood pressure (BP) profile and morning BP surge, with increased incidence of cardiovascular events during the first few morning hours. These observations provide justification for complete 24-h BP control as being the primary goal of antihypertensive treatment. Bedtime administration of antihypertensive drugs has also been proposed as a potentially more effective treatment strategy than morning administration. This Position Paper by the International Society of Hypertension reviewed the published evidence on the clinical relevance of the diurnal variation in BP and the timing of antihypertensive drug treatment, aiming to provide consensus recommendations for clinical practice. Eight published outcome hypertension studies involved bedtime dosing of antihypertensive drugs, and all had major methodological and/or other flaws and a high risk of bias in testing the impact of bedtime compared to morning treatment. Three ongoing, well designed, prospective, randomized controlled outcome trials are expected to provide high-quality data on the efficacy and safety of evening or bedtime versus morning drug dosing. Until that information is available, preferred use of bedtime drug dosing of antihypertensive drugs should not be routinely recommended in clinical practice. Complete 24-h control of BP should be targeted using readily available, long-acting antihypertensive medications as monotherapy or combinations administered in a single morning dose.
- Published
- 2022
13. Position Paper of the Portuguese Association of Chronobiology and Sleep Medicine Regarding Daylight Saving Time and its Impact on Circadian Timing System
- Author
-
Miguel Meira e Cruz, Sandra Marques, Alcinda David, Cláudio Laureano, Cláudio D'Elia, Carlos Teixeira, and Amélia Feliciano
- Subjects
Biological Clocks ,Circadian Rhythm ,Light ,Seasons ,Sleep ,Sunlight ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
N/a.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. 33.2: Invited Paper: FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A TIME‐VARYING LIGHTING REGIME
- Author
-
Qiuhong Hu, Hong Ye, and Tongsheng Mou
- Subjects
Control theory ,Computer science ,Circadian rhythm ,Characterization (materials science) ,Photopic vision - Published
- 2021
15. The 50th anniversary of the Konopka and Benzer 1971 paper in PNAS: 'Clock Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster'
- Author
-
Joseph S. Takahashi
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Behavioral biology ,Period (gene) ,Circadian clock ,Mutant ,Period Circadian Proteins ,biology.organism_classification ,Locomotor activity ,Circadian Rhythm ,Anniversaries and Special Events ,Drosophila melanogaster ,Evolutionary biology ,Mutation ,Animals ,Drosophila Proteins ,Circadian rhythm ,Drosophila (subgenus) ,Classic Perspective - Abstract
On September 1, 1971, unknowingly to most, the world changed for the fields of behavioral genetics and circadian clocks. Ronald Konopka, a graduate student with Seymour Benzer at Caltech, published a paper (1) that I would argue is the most important discovery ultimately leading to our current molecular understanding of the circadian clock in animals. In this classic paper, Ron and Seymour reported the isolation of three single-gene mutants in Drosophila that dramatically altered circadian rhythms in pupal eclosion and locomotor activity. One mutant exhibited no rhythmicity, another had a short 19-h period, and a third had a long 28-h period. Remarkably, all three mutants mapped to the same locus on the X chromosome. They named this gene period . Seymour Benzer had recently joined the faculty at Caltech in 1967, after two previously successful careers in physics and molecular biology, and spurred on by Max Delbruck to do something more interesting, launched his third career in behavioral biology (2⇓⇓–5). Having done a sabbatical at Caltech with Roger Sperry, Seymour interacted with Ed Lewis, a giant in Drosophila genetics who trained with Alfred Sturtevant (descendent of Thomas Hunt Morgan) (6). Seymour chose Drosophila as a model system because its nervous system was intermediate in complexity “between a single neuron and the human brain” yet exhibited complex behavior and was amenable to genetic analysis (7). That same year, Seymour published his first paper (8) using mutagenesis and countercurrent technology to isolate phototaxis mutants in Drosophila . The opening sentence of this paper reads, “Complex as it is, much of the vast network of cellular functions has been successfully dissected, on a microscopic scale, by the use … [↵][1]1Email: joseph.takahashi{at}utsouthwestern.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
- Published
- 2021
16. 73‐3: Invited Paper: Influences of Circadian Illuminances from Lighting and TV on the Human Locomotor Activity, Sleep Disorder, EEG, HRV, and Melatonin Secretion
- Author
-
Dae Hwan Kim, Seohyeon Kim, Hyun-Sun Mo, Changwook Kim, Heejoon Kang, Seungmin Lee, Young Rag Do, Hyungjik Kim, Jingyu Park, Dong-Uk Kim, Daejeong Kim, Sunwoong Choi, and Kyeongnam Lee
- Subjects
Sleep disorder ,Thesaurus (information retrieval) ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine ,Circadian rhythm ,Electroencephalography ,medicine.disease ,business ,Melatonin secretion ,Neuroscience ,Locomotor activity - Published
- 2020
17. Position Paper of the Portuguese Association of Chronobiology and Sleep Medicine Regarding Daylight Saving Time and its Impact on Circadian Timing System
- Author
-
Miguel Meira e Cruz, Cláudio Laureano, Alcinda David, Amélia Feliciano, Carlos Teixeira, Cláudio D'Elia, Sandra Marques, and Portuguese Association of Chronobiology and Sleep Medicine
- Subjects
Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Light ,Timing system ,Photoperiod ,lcsh:Medicine ,Estações do Ano ,Luz ,Luz Solar ,Relógios Biológicos ,Ritmo Circadiano ,Sono ,Sleep medicine ,Biological Clocks ,Circadian Clocks ,Medicine ,Humans ,Circadian rhythm ,Wakefulness ,Association (psychology) ,Circadian Rhythm ,Seasons ,Sleep ,Sunlight ,Societies, Medical ,Sleep Medicine Specialty ,Chronobiology ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Portugal ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,language.human_language ,Chronobiology Discipline ,language ,Position paper ,Portuguese ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Daylight saving time - Abstract
N/a.
- Published
- 2018
18. The overlapping geography of cognitive ability and chronotype.
- Author
-
Ujma PP and Kirkegaard EOW
- Subjects
- Aged, Cognition, Geography, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Circadian Rhythm, Sleep
- Abstract
Chronotype and cognitive ability are two human phenotypes with an uneven geographic distribution due to both selective migration and causal environmental effects. In our study, we aimed to examine the relationship between geographic variables, cognitive ability and chronotype. We used a large anonymized sample (n = 25,700, mostly from the USA, UK, Canada and Australia) of dating site users to estimate chronotype and cognitive ability from questionnaire responses using item response theory. We matched each user to geographic coordinates and city size using the reported locations and geographic databases. In line with previous research we found that male sex, younger age, residence in a more populous locale, higher cognitive ability and more westward position within the same time zone were associated with later chronotype. Male sex, younger age, residence in a more populous locale, later chronotype and higher latitude were associated with higher cognitive ability, but the effect of population on chronotype and latitude on cognitive ability was only present in the USA. The relationship between age and chronotype was stronger in males, and the relationship between chronotype and cognitive ability was stronger in males and in older participants. Population density had an independent association with cognitive ability, but not chronotype. Our results confirm the uneven geographic distribution of chronotype and cognitive ability. These findings generalize across countries, but they are moderated by age and sex, suggesting both biological and cultural effects., (© 2021 The Authors. PsyCh Journal published by Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Shift work is not associated with dietary acid load in the NHANES
- Author
-
Storz, Maximilian Andreas, Brommer, Maria, Feraco, Alessandra, Müller, Alexander, Ronco, Alvaro Luis, and Lombardo, Mauro
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Abstracts of papers to be presented at the Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists/Third Biannual Meeting of the Asociacion Mexicana de Primatologia June 24-28, 1991 Emporio Hotel Veracruz, Mexico
- Author
-
Wendy Saltzman, Sally P. Mendoza, David M. Lyons, and Patricia A. Schiml
- Subjects
Ecology ,Zoology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Circadian rhythm ,Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Social influence - Published
- 2020
21. Metabolic rivalry: circadian homeostasis and tumorigenesis.
- Author
-
Kinouchi K and Sassone-Corsi P
- Subjects
- Animals, Carcinogenesis genetics, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic genetics, Circadian Clocks genetics, Circadian Rhythm genetics, Disease Models, Animal, Disease Progression, Homeostasis genetics, Humans, Mice, Neoplasms etiology, Neoplasms genetics, Neoplasms metabolism, Carcinogenesis metabolism, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic metabolism, Circadian Clocks physiology, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Homeostasis physiology, Neoplasms physiopathology
- Abstract
Circadian rhythms govern a large array of physiological and metabolic functions. Perturbations of the daily cycle have been linked to elevated risk of developing cancer as well as poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Also, expression of core clock genes or proteins is remarkably attenuated particularly in tumours of a higher stage or that are more aggressive, possibly linking the circadian clock to cellular differentiation. Emerging evidence indicates that metabolic control by the circadian clock underpins specific hallmarks of cancer metabolism. Indeed, to support cell proliferation and biomass production, the clock may direct metabolic processes of cancer cells in concert with non-clock transcription factors to control how nutrients and metabolites are utilized in a time-specific manner. We hypothesize that the metabolic switch between differentiation or stemness of cancer may be coupled to the molecular clockwork. Moreover, circadian rhythms of host organisms appear to dictate tumour growth and proliferation. This Review outlines recent discoveries of the interplay between circadian rhythms, proliferative metabolism and cancer, highlighting potential opportunities in the development of future therapeutic strategies.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. 22-1: Invited Paper : Biological Effects of Light: Can Self-luminous Displays Play a Role?
- Author
-
Mariana G. Figueiro
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Communication ,business.industry ,fungi ,food and beverages ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Bacterial circadian rhythms ,Alertness ,Dark therapy ,Light effects on circadian rhythm ,Synchronizer ,0103 physical sciences ,Circadian rhythm ,0210 nano-technology ,Entrainment (chronobiology) ,business ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Blue light - Abstract
Light is the major synchronizer of circadian rhythms to local time on earth. Light can also elicit an acute alerting effect on humans. This paper discusses lighting characteristics that affect the circadian system and how self-luminous displays can be used to promote entrainment and alertness.
- Published
- 2017
23. Molecular mechanisms and physiological importance of circadian rhythms.
- Author
-
Patke A, Young MW, and Axelrod S
- Subjects
- Animals, Circadian Clocks physiology, Drosophila melanogaster physiology, Humans, Mammals physiology, Circadian Clocks genetics, Circadian Rhythm genetics, Circadian Rhythm physiology
- Abstract
To accommodate daily recurring environmental changes, animals show cyclic variations in behaviour and physiology, which include prominent behavioural states such as sleep-wake cycles but also a host of less conspicuous oscillations in neurological, metabolic, endocrine, cardiovascular and immune functions. Circadian rhythmicity is created endogenously by genetically encoded molecular clocks, whose components cooperate to generate cyclic changes in their own abundance and activity, with a periodicity of about a day. Throughout the body, such molecular clocks convey temporal control to the function of organs and tissues by regulating pertinent downstream programmes. Synchrony between the different circadian oscillators and resonance with the solar day is largely enabled by a neural pacemaker, which is directly responsive to certain environmental cues and able to transmit internal time-of-day representations to the entire body. In this Review, we discuss aspects of the circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster and mammals, including the components of these molecular oscillators, the function and mechanisms of action of central and peripheral clocks, their synchronization and their relevance to human health.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Revealing oft-cited but unpublished papers of Colin Pittendrigh and coworkers
- Author
-
Terry L. Page, Serge Daan, Carl Hirschie Johnson, Michael C. Tackenberg, and Neurobiology
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Publishing ,History ,mechanisms of entrainment ,photoperiodism ,Physiology ,Pittendrigh ,two-pulse entrainment ,phase response curves ,phase transition curves ,Article ,Circadian Rhythm ,RHYTHMS ,03 medical and health sciences ,Theoretical physics ,skeleton photoperiods ,ENTRAINMENT ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,LIGHT ,Physiology (medical) ,Animals ,Experimental work ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Classics - Abstract
Among the scientific resources that Colin Pittendrigh passed on to his colleagues after his death in 1996 were two unpublished papers. These manuscripts, developed first in the mid-1960s and continually updated and refined through the late 1970s, centered on the development and experimental exploration of a model of circadian entrainment combining aspects of the well-known parametric (continuous) and nonparametric (discrete) models of entrainment. These texts reveal the experimental work surrounding Pittendrigh’s determination of the limits of entrainment and the explanation of the bistability phenomenon. These manuscripts are being made publicly available in their final format (February 1978) as supplementary material to this introduction.
- Published
- 2017
25. 16.1: Invited Paper: The effect of blue‐light in displays on visual performance and the sleep‐wake cycle: a review of the literature
- Author
-
Feng Si, Yunhong Zhang, Jintian Qi, and Yi Yang
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine ,Circadian rhythm ,Audiology ,Psychology ,Blue light - Published
- 2021
26. 50.1: Invited Paper : The Importance of Melanopsin Activation in Perception, Health, and Lighting Design
- Author
-
Dingcai Cao and Pablo Alejandro Barrionuevo
- Subjects
Melanopsin ,Visual perception ,genetic structures ,Perception ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells ,sense organs ,Circadian rhythm ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Pupil ,media_common - Abstract
We reviewed the role of melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in light-dependent functions, including circadian rhythm that is important for health, pupil responses and visual perception. We then discussed the implications for lighting design. Finally we described a five-primary photostimulating method that can independently control melanopsin activation in humans.
- Published
- 2015
27. Personality traits relate to chronotype at both the phenotypic and genetic level.
- Author
-
Lenneis A, Vainik U, Teder-Laving M, Ausmees L, Lemola S, Allik J, and Realo A
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality genetics, Sleep genetics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Circadian Rhythm genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study
- Abstract
Introduction: Diurnal preferences have been linked to personality but often with mixed results. The present study examines the relationships between sleep timing (chronotype), diurnal preferences, and the Five-Factor Model of personality traits at the phenotypic and genetic level., Methods: Self- and informant-reports of the NEO Personality Inventory-3, self-reports of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, and DNA samples were available for 2,515 Estonian adults (M
age = 45.76 years; 59% females). Genetic correlations were obtained through summary statistics of genome-wide association studies., Results: Results showed that higher Conscientiousness and lower Openness to Experience were significant predictors of earlier chronotype. At the level of facets, we found that more straightforward (A2) and excitement-seeking (E5), yet less self-disciplined (C5) people were more likely to have later chronotypes. The nuance-level Polypersonality score was correlated with chronotype at r = .28 (p < .001). Conscientiousness and Openness were genetically related with diurnal preferences. The polygenic score for morningness-eveningness significantly predicted the Polypersonality score., Conclusion: Phenotypic measures of chronotype and personality showed significant associations at all three of levels of the personality hierarchy. Our findings indicate that the relationship between personality and morningness-eveningness is partly due to genetic factors. Future studies are necessary to further refine the relationship., (© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Personality published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Taking the sleep lab to the field: Biometric techniques for quantifying sleep and circadian rhythms in humans.
- Author
-
Samson DR
- Subjects
- Actigraphy, Biometry, Humans, Polysomnography, Circadian Rhythm, Sleep
- Abstract
Objectives: Remarkably, the specifics of sleep along the human lineage have been slow to emerge, which is surprising given our distinct mental and behavioral capacity and the importance of sleep for individual health and cognitive performance. Largely due to difficultly of measuring sleep outside a controlled, clinical, and laboratory study in ambulatory individuals, human biologists have yet to undergo a thorough examination of sleep in ecologically diverse settings. Here, I outline the procedures and methods for generating sleep data in a broader ecological context with the goal of facilitating the integration of sleep and circadian analyses into human biology research., Methods: I describe the steps involved in participant recruitment, screening by way of survey instruments, and sample collection. In addition to describing field use of the traditional (but invasive) equipment such as the gold-standard application of electroencephalography (EEG), I demonstrate leading-edge noninvasive techniques for biometric devices (ie, wrist-worn actigraphy, ring worn arterial pulsometry) to generate sleep and circadian rhythms data., Results: I outline best approaches to process and analyze data-including variables such as sleep duration, 24-hour sleep time (ie, summation of night and day sleep), sleep efficiency, sleep fragmentation, and nonparametric circadian rhythms analysis to quantify circadian amplitude. Finally, I discuss comparative statistical methods that are optimized for the use of time-series data., Conclusions: This review serves as an introduction to the best practices for studying sleep-wake patterns in humans-with the goal of standardizing tools for launching new human sleep biology research initiatives across the globe., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Relationship Between Intraoperative and Preoperative Ambulatory Nighttime Heart Rates: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Observational Study.
- Author
-
Kouz K, Hoppe P, Reese P, Burfeindt C, Flick M, Briesenick L, Nitzschke R, Pinnschmidt H, and Saugel B
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Anesthesia, General adverse effects, Bradycardia diagnosis, Bradycardia physiopathology, Databases, Factual, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Bradycardia epidemiology, Circadian Rhythm, Electrocardiography, Heart Rate, Hemodynamic Monitoring, Monitoring, Intraoperative, Surgical Procedures, Operative adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: It remains unknown what constitutes physiologically relevant intraoperative bradycardia. Intraoperative bradycardia is usually defined using absolute heart rate thresholds, ignoring preoperative baseline heart rates. In contrast, we considered defining intraoperative bradycardia relative to preoperative ambulatory nighttime heart rate. Specifically, we hypothesized that the individual mean intraoperative heart rate is lower than the mean preoperative ambulatory nighttime heart rate. We, therefore, sought to investigate the relationship between the intraoperative and preoperative ambulatory nighttime heart rates in adults having noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia. Additionally, we sought to investigate the incidence of intraoperative bradycardia using relative versus absolute heart rate thresholds., Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a database from a prospective study including preoperative ambulatory and intraoperative heart rates in 363 patients having noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia., Results: The mean intraoperative heart rate was lower than the mean nighttime heart rate (mean difference, -9 bpm; 95% confidence interval [CI], -10 to -8 bpm; P < .001). The mean intraoperative heart rate was lower than the mean nighttime heart rate in 319 of 363 patients (88%; 95% CI, 84%-91%). The incidence of intraoperative bradycardia was 42% (95% CI, 38%-47%) when it was defined as intraoperative heart rate >30% lower than mean nighttime heart rate and 43% (95% CI, 38%-49%) when it was defined as intraoperative heart rate <45 bpm., Conclusions: The mean intraoperative heart rate is lower than the mean nighttime heart rate in about 9 of 10 patients. Intraoperative bradycardia might thus be physiologically and clinically important. Future research needs to investigate whether there is an association between intraoperative bradycardia and postoperative outcomes., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: See Disclosures at the end of the article., (Copyright © 2021 International Anesthesia Research Society.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Chronobiologic perspectives of black time--Accident risk is greatest at night: An opinion paper
- Author
-
Alain, Reinberg, Michael H, Smolensky, Marc, Riedel, Yvan, Touitou, Nadine, Le Floc'h, René, Clarisse, Michel, Marlot, Stéphane, Berrez, Didier, Pelisse, and Benoît, Mauvieux
- Subjects
Activity Cycles ,Adult ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Photoperiod ,Accidents, Traffic ,Age Factors ,Personnel Staffing and Scheduling ,Dark Adaptation ,Middle Aged ,Circadian Rhythm ,Young Adult ,Cognition ,Job Description ,Risk Factors ,Firefighters ,Work Schedule Tolerance ,Accidents, Occupational ,Animals ,Humans - Abstract
Simon Folkard in 1997 introduced the phrase black time to draw attention to the fact that the risk of driving accidents (DA) is greater during the night than day in usually diurnally active persons. The 24 h temporal pattern in DA entails circadian rhythms of fatigue and sleep propensity, cognitive and physical performance, and behavior that are controlled, at least in part, by endogenous clocks. This opinion paper extends the concept of black time to reports of excess nighttime accidents and injuries of workers and nocturnal occurrence of certain man-caused catastrophes. We explore the chronobiology of work-related black time accidents and injuries taking into account laboratory and field investigations describing, respectively, circadian rhythms in cognitive performance and errors and mistakes by employees in the conduct of routine occupational tasks. Additionally, we present results of studies pertaining to 24 h patterns of both the number and relative risk (number of events per h/number of workers exposed per h) of work-related accidents (WRA) and injuries (WRI) as well as indices of performance and alertness of a self-selected homogenous survivor cohort of French firefighters (FFs) to explore two possible explanations of black time, namely, 24 h variation in sleep propensity/drossiness characterized by a nocturnal peak and circadian rhythms in cognitive performance characterized by a nocturnal trough. We propose the 24 h pattern of WRA and WRI, particularly of FFs and other highly skilled self-selected cohorts, is more strongly linked to circadian rhythms of fatigue and sleepiness than cognitive performance. Other possible explanations--suppressed expression of circadian rhythms and/or unmasking of ultradian periodicities in cognitive performance in specific circumstances, e.g., highly stressful work, competitive, or life-threatening settings, are also discussed.
- Published
- 2015
31. Changing color and intensity of LED lighting across the day impacts on circadian melatonin rhythms and sleep in healthy men.
- Author
-
Stefani O, Freyburger M, Veitz S, Basishvili T, Meyer M, Weibel J, Kobayashi K, Shirakawa Y, and Cajochen C
- Subjects
- Biomarkers metabolism, Cognition radiation effects, Color, Healthy Volunteers, Humans, Male, Pineal Gland metabolism, Saliva metabolism, Time Factors, Circadian Rhythm radiation effects, Light, Lighting, Melatonin metabolism, Pineal Gland radiation effects, Sleep radiation effects
- Abstract
We examined whether dynamically changing light across a scheduled 16-h waking day influences sleepiness, cognitive performance, visual comfort, melatonin secretion, and sleep under controlled laboratory conditions in healthy men. Fourteen participants underwent a 49-h laboratory protocol in a repeated-measures study design. They spent the first 5 hours in the evening under standard lighting, followed by an 8-h nocturnal sleep episode at habitual bedtimes. Thereafter, volunteers either woke up to static light or to a dynamic light that changed spectrum and intensity across the scheduled 16-h waking day. Following an 8-h nocturnal sleep episode, the volunteers spent another 11 hours either under static or dynamic light. Static light attenuated the evening rise in melatonin levels more compared to dynamic light as indexed by a significant reduction in the melatonin AUC prior to bedtime during static light only. Participants felt less vigilant in the evening during dynamic light. After dynamic light, sleep latency was significantly shorter in both the baseline and treatment night while sleep structure, sleep quality, cognitive performance, and visual comfort did not significantly differ. The study shows that dynamic changes in spectrum and intensity of light promote melatonin secretion and sleep initiation in healthy men., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. 73‐3: Invited Paper: Influences of Circadian Illuminances from Lighting and TV on the Human Locomotor Activity, Sleep Disorder, EEG, HRV, and Melatonin Secretion.
- Author
-
Kim, Dae Hwan, Kim, Changwook, Lee, Seung Min, Choi, Sunwoong, Mo, Hyun-Sun, Park, Jingyu, Kim, Donguk, Kang, Heejoon, Kim, Hyungjik, Kim, Seohyeon, Lee, Kyeongnam, Kim, Daejeong, and Do, Young Rag
- Subjects
SLEEP disorders ,LUMINOUS flux ,SECRETION ,HEART beat ,HUMAN biology ,MELANOPSIN ,INFLUENCE ,MENTAL fatigue - Abstract
To address the need for an accurate evaluation of circadian illuminance (CIL) that precisely characterizes the intensity of blue light emanated by displays and/or lighting and to investigate how the blue light affects the human body biology, we developed the circadian illuminometer and applied it to two comparative clinical studies. In terms of the CIL from lighting, all of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity, sleep quality, and melatonin secretion were improved for 12 subjects under circadian lighting in comparison to normal lighting. In a comparative study of the effects of evening watching TVs in high dynamic range mode, i. e., using two different types of 65‐inch TVs (A and B) in the market, on an electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate variability (HRV), and melatonin secretion, B is found for 32 subjects to have a better health effect on the human body than A in perspective of visual fatigue, arousal, concentration, comfort, and sleep disorder. A also showed significant circadian disturbance, which are mainly caused by a higher CIL in A (54.28 blx) than in B (25.18 blx). Finally, our results show evidence that the effects of CIL on locomotor activity, sleep disorder, EEG, HRV, melatonin, and circadian rhythm can potentially play the role of a new performance metric for human‐centric displays/lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Nocturnal hypertension: a common phenotype in a tertiary clinical setting associated with increased arterial stiffness and central blood pressure.
- Author
-
Nolde JM, Kiuchi MG, Lugo-Gavidia LM, Ho JK, Chan J, Matthews VB, Herat LY, Carnagarin R, Azzam O, and Schlaich MP
- Subjects
- Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Humans, Phenotype, Pulse Wave Analysis, Circadian Rhythm, Hypertension complications, Hypertension physiopathology, Vascular Stiffness
- Abstract
Objective: Although the detrimental effect of increased mean blood pressure (BP) is well established, the role of the dynamic and circadian features of BP is less well defined but may be similarly important. In this prospective analysis of hypertensive patients from a tertiary hospital hypertension clinic, we investigated whether the presence of night-time systolic hypertension is associated with more pronounced end-organ damage as assessed by measures of pulse wave analysis (PWA) and pulse wave velocity (PWV)., Methods: A cohort of 222 consecutive hypertensive patients underwent ambulatory blood pressure measurements, PWA, PWV testing and collection of routine clinical data. Group differences and group-effects of daytime and night-time hypertension on target organ damage and cardiovascular risk parameters were analysed., Results: Nocturnal hypertension was evident in more than half of the study population. PWV, central systolic, mean arterial and pulse pressure were higher in patients with nocturnal hypertension. Stratification into four groups according to daytime and night-time hypertension status revealed group differences in all outcome parameters. Posthoc testing for individual group differences demonstrated significant differences between fully controlled individuals and the group with high daytime and night-time BP. In a regression analysis for independent effects of categorical night-time and daytime hypertension, nocturnal hypertension was a significant predictor for all PWA and PWV outcomes., Conclusion: Nocturnal hypertension was a highly prevalent phenotype in this population and associated with increased central BP and more pronounced target organ damage as indicated by elevated PWV. Regression analysis confirmed the role of night-time hypertension as an independent explanatory variable for elevated PWV., (Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Characteristics of Circadian Blood Pressure Pattern of Hypertensive Patients According to Localization of Fragmented QRS on Electrocardiography.
- Author
-
Eyuboglu M
- Subjects
- Action Potentials, Adult, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Hypertension physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Retrospective Studies, Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Circadian Rhythm, Electrocardiography, Heart Conduction System physiopathology, Hypertension diagnosis
- Abstract
Introduction: A narrow fragmented QRS complex (fQRS) indicates myocardial fibrosis and hypertensive cardiomyopathy in hypertensive patients. However, no study has investigated the importance of localization of fQRS on electrocardiography (ECG) in these subjects., Aim: To investigate the association between circadian blood pressure (BP) pattern and localization of fQRS on ECG., Methods: A total of 291 hypertensive patients who had fQRS in anterior or inferior leads were included into the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to localization of fQRS in inferior or anterior leads. All patients underwent a 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for detailed evaluation of circadian BP pattern. The association between localization of fQRS and non-dipping was investigated., Results: Among study population, 182 (62.5%) patients had fQRS in inferior leads and 109 (37.5%) patients had fQRS in anterior leads. The frequency of patients with non-dipping BP pattern was significantly higher in patients with fQRS in anterior leads compared to patients with fQRS in inferior leads (47.7% vs 24.1%, p < 0.001). Moreover, the frequency of fQRS in anterior leads was significantly higher in non-dippers compared to dippers (64.6% vs. 24.1%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, presence of fQRS in anterior leads was found to be an independent predictor of non-dipping BP pattern in hypertensive patients (OR: 1.748, 95% CI 1.362-2.446, p < 0.001)., Conclusions: Presence of fQRS in anterior leads is significantly associated with non-dipping BP pattern in hypertensive patients. Therefore, localization of fQRS on ECG may provide useful information regarding further risk assessment of hypertensive subjects.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Good Sleep Quality and Progressive Increments in Vigilance During Extended Night Shifts: A 14-Day Actigraphic Study in Underground Miners.
- Author
-
Lavigne AA, Hébert M, Auclair J, and Laberge L
- Subjects
- Actigraphy, Humans, Sleep, Wakefulness, Circadian Rhythm, Work Schedule Tolerance
- Abstract
Objective: Assess the change in sleep and vigilance of underground miners during long periods of extended shifts., Methods: Seventy miners worked 14 consecutive 12-hour day and/or night shifts. Also, they wore an actigraph and completed a visual analog scale for vigilance four times per shift. Linear regression models with mixed effects were used., Results: Sleep efficiency was higher during day shifts than during night shifts (86,5 vs 85.5, P < 0.05) but sleep duration did not differ (6:34 vs 6:44, n.s.). Mean vigilance level at Time 3 (02h00) was significantly lower than that at Time 1 (19h00) during the first 10 night shifts whereas mean vigilance level at Time 4 (05h30) remained significantly lower for the 14 night shifts., Conclusions: Underground miners exhibit good sleep quality despite evidence of limited circadian adaptation in terms of nighttime vigilance.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Association of 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Patterns with Cognitive Function and Physical Functioning in CKD.
- Author
-
Ghazi L, Yaffe K, Tamura MK, Rahman M, Hsu CY, Anderson AH, Cohen JB, Fischer MJ, Miller ER 3rd, Navaneethan SD, He J, Weir MR, Townsend RR, Cohen DL, Feldman HI, and Drawz PE
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognitive Dysfunction epidemiology, Cognitive Dysfunction psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Frailty epidemiology, Frailty physiopathology, Frailty psychology, Functional Status, Humans, Hypertension epidemiology, Hypertension physiopathology, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Prevalence, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic epidemiology, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic physiopathology, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Circadian Rhythm, Cognition, Cognitive Dysfunction diagnosis, Frailty diagnosis, Hypertension diagnosis, Neuropsychological Tests, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic diagnosis
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hypertension is highly prevalent in patients with CKD as is cognitive impairment and frailty, but the link between them is understudied. Our objective was to determine the association between ambulatory BP patterns, cognitive function, physical function, and frailty among patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD., Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: Ambulatory BP readings were obtained on 1502 participants of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort. We evaluated the following exposures: ( 1 ) BP patterns (white coat, masked, sustained versus controlled hypertension) and ( 2 ) dipping patterns (reverse, extreme, nondippers versus normal dippers). Outcomes included the following: ( 1 ) cognitive impairment scores from the Modified Mini Mental Status Examination of <85, <80, and <75 for participants <65, 65-79, and ≥80 years, respectively; ( 2 ) physical function, measured by the short physical performance battery (SPPB), with higher scores (0-12) indicating better functioning; and ( 3 ) frailty, measured by meeting three or more of the following criteria: slow gait speed, muscle weakness, low physical activity, exhaustion, and unintentional weight loss. Cognitive function and frailty were assessed at the time of ambulatory BP (baseline) and annually thereafter. SPPB was assessed at baseline logistic and linear regression and Cox discrete models assessed the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between dipping and BP patterns and outcomes., Results: Mean age of participants was 63±10 years, 56% were male, and 39% were black. At baseline, 129 participants had cognitive impairment, and 275 were frail. Median SPPB score was 9 (interquartile range, 7-10). At baseline, participants with masked hypertension had 0.41 (95% CI, -0.78 to -0.05) lower SPPB scores compared with those with controlled hypertension in the fully adjusted model. Over 4 years of follow-up, 529 participants had incident frailty, and 207 had incident cognitive impairment. After multivariable adjustment, there was no association between BP or dipping patterns and incident frailty or cognitive impairment., Conclusions: In patients with CKD, dipping and BP patterns are not associated with incident or prevalent cognitive impairment or prevalent frailty., (Copyright © 2020 by the American Society of Nephrology.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Circadian learning and memory changes in Aβ1-42 induced Alzheimer's mice.
- Author
-
Li X, Guan J, Sun T, Yang J, Yu H, Yao J, and Wang Z
- Subjects
- Alzheimer Disease chemically induced, Alzheimer Disease physiopathology, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Motor Activity physiology, Alzheimer Disease psychology, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Maze Learning physiology, Memory physiology, Peptide Fragments
- Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a growing health problem globally, which causes a progressive decline in learning and memory and multiple disturbances of circadian rhythms. Six Alzheimer's mice and six wild type (WT) mice were involved in this study. Morris Water Maze (MWM) tasks were conducted hourly to evaluate their circadian learning and memory performance. We used a single cosinor-based method to evaluate the circadian learning and memory of Alzheimer's mice and WT mice, respectively. An area sensor was used to record locomotor activity for 2 weeks continuously, including 7 days of 12 h light/12 h dark (LD) conditions and 7 days of 12 h dark/12 h dark (DD) conditions. All WT mice showed circadian rhythm presence in learning and memory, and the peak of escape latency appeared at circadian time (CT) 12. Only one in six Alzheimer's mice showed a circadian rhythm, but the peak of escape latency was postponed to CT20. Alzheimer's mice showed rhythm absence under LD or DD conditions. Under LD conditions, the WT mice activity was higher than that in the Alzheimer's mice during ZT0-5 (p = 0.007) and ZT18-23 (p = 0.353) but lower during ZT6-11 (p < 0.001) and ZT12-17 (p < 0.001). Learning and memory of wild type mice is proved to have a circadian variation throughout a day. In Alzheimer's mice, rhythmic locomotor activity and circadian learning and memory performance were disrupted. Understanding the role of rhythmic disturbances in the process of AD may assist to identify therapeutic targets.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Cardiac organ damage in patients with Parkinson's disease and reverse dipping.
- Author
-
Di Stefano C, Sobrero G, Milazzo V, Vallelonga F, Romagnolo A, Zibetti M, Milan A, Veglio F, and Maule S
- Subjects
- Aged, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Female, Humans, Hypertension complications, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular complications, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease complications, Blood Pressure physiology, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Hypertension physiopathology, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular physiopathology, Parkinson Disease physiopathology
- Abstract
Objective: Patients with autonomic neuropathy associated with Parkinson's disease often show reverse dipping pattern/nocturnal hypertension at 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (24-h ABPM) and diurnal orthostatic hypotension. The aim of the study was to evaluate cardiac alterations in Parkinson's disease patients with reverse dipping, in comparison with non-reverse dippers Parkinson's disease and essential hypertensive patients., Methods: A total of 26 consecutive Parkinson's disease patients with reverse dipping at 24-h ABPM and no previous history of hypertension were compared with 26 non-reverse Parkinson's disease patients matched for age, sex and 24-h mean BP, and 26 essential hypertensive patients matched for nighttime mean BP. None of the Parkinson's disease patients suffered from cardiovascular diseases or were treated with antihypertensive or antihypotensive drugs. Reverse dipping was defined by a systolic day-night BP difference less than 0% at 24-h ABPM. Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was defined by a LV mass index at least 115 g/m in men and at least 95 g/m in women., Results: LV mass, indexed for BSA, was significantly higher in reverse dipping than non-reverse Parkinson's disease patients (respectively 90.2 ± 25.3 vs. 77.4 ± 13.3 g/m, P = 0.04), and was similar to essential hypertensive patients (91.6 ± 24.8, P = 0.92). LV hypertrophy was detected in five reverse dipping Parkinson's disease patients and four hypertensive patients, but was not present in non-reverse Parkinson's disease patients (P = 0.046). Nocturnal BP values, nocturnal BP load, weighted BP variability and age were found to correlate with the increased LV mass index., Conclusion: Reverse dipping and nocturnal hypertension are related to higher LV mass and increased prevalence of LV hypertrophy in Parkinson's disease patients.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Exposure to blue LED light before the onset of darkness under a long-day photoperiod alters melatonin secretion, feeding behaviour and growth in female dairy calves.
- Author
-
Elsabagh M, Mon M, Takao Y, Shinoda A, Watanabe T, Kushibiki S, Obitsu T, and Sugino T
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle psychology, Color, Female, Cattle growth & development, Cattle metabolism, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Darkness, Feeding Behavior, Light adverse effects, Melatonin metabolism
- Abstract
The effect of blue LED on melatonin secretion, feeding behaviour and growth was addressed in Holstein female dairy calves. In Exp.1, six animals (8 weeks old, 97 ± 4.1 kg BW) were exposed to yellow or blue LED for 2 hr before darkness over 7 days under a long-day photoperiod (LDPP). In Exp. 2, six animals (8 weeks old, 88.5 ± 4.8 kg BW) were exposed to blue light from a white LED all daytime or a yellow LED for 2 hr before the darkness of LDPP (blue light cut) over 3 weeks. In Exp. 1, blue light mildly suppressed melatonin secretion during the 2-hr treatment but did not affect the timing of the nightly melatonin rise. However, the rise in nighty melatonin levels was higher with yellow than blue LED. In Exp. 2, white LED completely suppressed melatonin secretion during the 2-hr treatment, but plasma melatonin concentrations were similar during the darkness. Grass hay intake, rumination time, frequency of water intake and body weight gain were higher in animals exposed to the yellow rather than the white LED. Overall results indicate that exposure to blue light from white LEDs under an LDPP suppresses melatonin secretion and might negatively impact the development of female dairy calves., (© 2020 Japanese Society of Animal Science.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. 33.2: Invited Paper: FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A TIME‐VARYING LIGHTING REGIME.
- Author
-
Hu, Qiuhong, Ye, Hong, and Mou, Tongsheng
- Subjects
BLACKBODY radiation ,COLOR temperature ,ACTION spectrum ,LUMINOUS flux ,CIRCADIAN rhythms ,SCINTILLATORS - Abstract
A time‐varying lighting regime was formulated based on the action spectrum of the circadian and photopic lights. Using LED panels, the regime was implemented, tested and evaluated in classroom environment. The circadian to photopic ratio C/P was identified as one of the key parameters along with standard photometric and spectrometric quantities. The circadian rhythm of the human body as decomposed into time intervals of the day. By the continuous monitoring of the light output from the LED panels, we obtained instantaneous values and variation in the parameters, such as luminous flux, correlated color temperatures, color rendering indices, luminous efficiency and CS value. Based on these measurement data, we derived the variation of color temperature versus that of black body radiation and that of the color coordinates of the sun light. we also calculated the circadian stimulus curve and found it consistent with the one suggested by Mark Rea et al. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The controversial debate about daylight saving time (DST)-results of a retrospective forensic autopsy study in Frankfurt/Main (Germany) over 10 years (2006-2015).
- Author
-
Lindenberger LM, Ackermann H, and Parzeller M
- Subjects
- Autopsy, Cause of Death, Germany, Humans, Circadian Rhythm, Forensic Medicine methods, Seasons
- Abstract
Worldwide, many people are exposed to biannual time changes. The benefit of Daylight Saving Time (DST) is controversially discussed and its impact on human health is largely unknown. The present study examines, whether effects of these time changes are seen in a forensic autopsy database. The mortality study is based on autopsy protocols provided by the Institute of Legal Medicine, University Clinic of the Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, covering a period of 10 years (2006-2015). Data regarding mode and cause of death, age, and gender were evaluated for 4 weeks around the transition to and from DST in spring and autumn. A significant (p = 0.04) elevation in the number of autopsies was observed in the first week following the switch to DST in spring, but no significant changes were noted in autumn. Gender-specific analysis indicated that the autopsy rate of females showed a significant (p = 0.01) peak in the first and a decline (p = 0.05) in the second week following the switch to DST. Differences in non-natural death cases primarily included traffic accidents and suicides, in natural death cases fatal cardiac diseases like cardiac insufficiency and acute myocardial infarction. The number of suicides was low (p = 0.05) before, but high (p = 0.07) in the weeks after the introduction of DST. The present evaluation confirmed a potential effect of DST, such as a significant higher autopsy rate in spring during the first week after the introduction to DST. Moreover, a relation between the introduction to DST in spring and an increase in suicide cases was observed.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The role of glial and neuronal Eph/ephrin signaling in Drosophila mushroom body development and sleep and circadian behavior.
- Author
-
Lee JE, Lee H, Baek E, Choi B, Yun HS, Yoo YK, Lee YS, Song GJ, and Cho KS
- Subjects
- Animals, Drosophila Proteins metabolism, Drosophila Proteins genetics, Receptors, Eph Family metabolism, Receptors, Eph Family genetics, Drosophila melanogaster metabolism, Drosophila melanogaster physiology, Drosophila melanogaster genetics, Drosophila metabolism, Neuroglia metabolism, Sleep physiology, Sleep genetics, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Signal Transduction, Neurons metabolism, Ephrins metabolism, Ephrins genetics, Mushroom Bodies metabolism
- Abstract
The Eph receptor, a prototypically large receptor protein tyrosine kinase, interacts with ephrin ligands, forming a bidirectional signaling system that impacts diverse brain functions. Eph receptors and ephrins mediate forward and reverse signaling, affecting neurogenesis, axon guidance, and synaptic signaling. While mammalian studies have emphasized their roles in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, the Drosophila counterparts are less studied, especially in glial cells, despite structural similarities. Using RNAi to modulate Eph/ephrin expression in Drosophila neurons and glia, we studied their roles in brain development and sleep and circadian behavior. Knockdown of neuronal ephrin disrupted mushroom body development, while glial knockdown had minimal impact. Surprisingly, disrupting ephrin in neurons or glial cells altered sleep and circadian rhythms, indicating a direct involvement in these behaviors independent from developmental effects. Further analysis revealed distinct sleep phenotypes between neuronal and glial knockdowns, underscoring the intricate interplay within the neural circuits that govern behavior. Glia-specific knockdowns showed altered sleep patterns and reduced circadian rhythmicity, suggesting an intricate role of glia in sleep regulation. Our findings challenge simplistic models of Eph/ephrin signaling limited to neuron-glia communication and emphasize the complexity of the regulatory networks modulating behavior. Future investigations targeting specific glial subtypes will enhance our understanding of Eph/ephrin signaling's role in sleep regulation across species., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Microglia undergo molecular and functional adaptations to dark and light phases in male laboratory mice.
- Author
-
Mattei D, Ivanov A, Hammer J, Ugursu B, Schalbetter S, Richetto J, Weber-Stadlbauer U, Mueller F, Scarborough J, Wolf SA, Kettenmann H, Wollscheid B, Beule D, and Meyer U
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Photoperiod, Brain metabolism, Adaptation, Physiological physiology, Sleep physiology, Light, Microglia metabolism, Circadian Rhythm physiology
- Abstract
Microglia are increasingly recognized to contribute to brain health and disease. Preclinical studies using laboratory rodents are essential to advance our understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of these cells in the central nervous system. Rodents are nocturnal animals, and they are mostly maintained in a defined light-dark cycle within animal facilities, with many laboratories investigating the molecular and functional profiles of microglia exclusively during the animals' light (sleep) phase. However, only a few studies have considered possible differences in microglial functions between the active and sleep phases. Based on initial evidence suggesting that microglial intrinsic clock genes can affect their phenotypes, we sought to investigate differences in transcriptional, proteotype and functional profiles of microglia between light (sleep) and dark (active) phases, and how these changes are affected in pathological models. We found marked transcriptional and proteotype differences between microglia harvested from male mice during the light or dark phase. Amongst others, these differences related to genes and proteins associated with immune responses, motility, and phagocytosis, which were reflected by functional alterations in microglial synaptic pruning and response to bacterial stimuli. Possibly accounting for such changes, we found RNA and protein regulation in SWI/SNF and NuRD chromatin remodeling complexes between light and dark phases. Importantly, we also show that the time of microglial sample collection influences the nature of microglial transcriptomic changes in a model of immune-mediated neurodevelopmental disorders. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering diurnal factors in studying microglial cells and indicate that implementing a circadian perspective is pivotal for advancing our understanding of their physiological and pathophysiological roles in brain health and disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Real-ambient bedroom light at night increases systemic inflammation and disrupts circadian rhythm of inflammatory markers.
- Author
-
Xu YX, Shen YT, Li J, Ding WQ, Wan YH, Su PY, Tao FB, and Sun Y
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Young Adult, Prospective Studies, Adolescent, Lighting adverse effects, China, Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Inflammation blood, Biomarkers blood, Light adverse effects, C-Reactive Protein analysis
- Abstract
Background: Exposure to light at night (LAN) has been associated with multiple adverse health outcomes. However, evidence is limited regarding the impacts of LAN exposure on human inflammation., Objectives: To examine the association between real-ambient bedroom LAN exposure with systemic inflammation and circadian rhythm of inflammatory markers., Methods: Using data from a prospective cohort study of Chinese young adults. At baseline, bedroom LAN exposure was measured with a portable illuminance meter; fasting blood sample for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) assay was collected. At 3-year follow-up, 20 healthy young adults (10 LAN
avg < 5 lx, 10 LANavg ≥ 5 lx) were recruited from the same cohort; time-series venous blood samples were sampled every 4 h over a 24 h-cycle for the detection of 8 inflammatory markers. Circadian rhythm of inflammatory markers was assessed using cosinor analysis., Results: At baseline, the average age of the 276 participants was 18.7 years, and 33.3 % were male. Higher levels of bedroom LAN exposure were significantly associated with increased hs-CRP levels. The association between bedroom LAN exposure and systemic inflammation was only significant in the inactive group (MVPA < 2 h/d) but not in the physically active group (MVPA ≥ 2 h/d). In addition, exposure to higher levels of nighttime light (LANavg ≥ 5 lx) disrupted circadian rhythms (including rhythmic expression, circadian amplitude and circadian phase) of some inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory balance indicators., Conclusion: Exposure to bedroom nighttime light increases systemic inflammation and disrupts circadian rhythm of inflammatory markers. Keep bedroom darkness at night may represent important strategies for the prevention of chronic inflammation. Additionally, for people living a community with higher nighttime light pollution, regular physical activity may be a viable option to counteract the negative impacts of LAN exposure on chronic inflammation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper, (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Chronotype variability in epilepsy and clinical significance: scoping review.
- Author
-
Najar LL, Santos RP, Foldvary-Schaefer N, and da Mota Gomes M
- Subjects
- Humans, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Adult, Clinical Relevance, Chronotype, Epilepsy complications, Epilepsy psychology, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Sleep physiology
- Abstract
Purpose: Chronotype, which captures a person's daily preferences for activity and sleep, is still a poorly researched area in epilepsy research. Finding common chronotype characteristics in people with epilepsy (PWE) and explaining possible effects on seizure management are the main goals., Methods: Eleven large-scale investigations from 2010 to 2023 were examined in this scoping review. These studies included 1.167 PWE and 4.657 control subjects., Results: PWE had intermediate chronotypes more often than not. Adult patients were more morning-oriented overall, while pediatric cohorts were variable. Relationships between chronotype and seizure control were limited since only two studies in adults reported this and those results conflicted. An evening-type chronotype was found to be more common in generalized epilepsy than focal. The relationship of chronotype and specific antiseizure medication (ASM) therapy was not investigated., Conclusions: The majority of PWE displayed an intermediate chronotype, but analyses based on age showed more nuanced trends, with children displaying variable patterns, adults generally tending toward morningness, and generalized epilepsy being associated with eveningness. This review underscores the importance of more research on the complex connections between epilepsy outcomes and chronotype. It emphasizes the need to study larger samples of PWE with carefully documented seizure control and ASM therapy, including dose and timing of administration to better understand the role of chronotype on epilepsy outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Diurnal variation in anxiety and activity is influenced by chronotype and probable anxiety-related disorder status.
- Author
-
Cox RC, Wright KP Jr, Axelsson J, and Balter LJT
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder physiopathology, Young Adult, Sleep physiology, Activities of Daily Living, Adolescent, Chronotype, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Anxiety Disorders physiopathology, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Anxiety Disorders psychology, Anxiety physiopathology
- Abstract
Anxiety symptoms vary moment-to-moment within a day. One factor that may influence these variations is chronotype. Evening chronotypes prefer to engage in activities (e.g., sleep, physical and social activity) later in the day, and evening chronotype is implicated in psychopathology, including anxiety-related disorders. However, it is unknown whether chronotype influences diurnal variation in anxiety symptoms and whether these effects are amplified in individuals with a probable anxiety-related disorder. We examined the diurnal variation in anxiety symptoms and daily activities in morning and evening chronotypes with and without probable generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a community sample of adults (N = 410). Evening chronotypes reported higher anxiety symptoms, particularly in the evening hours, and lower engagement in daily activities, predominantly in the morning hours. Evening chronotypes with probable GAD or OCD reported worse anxiety symptoms in the evening. Our findings indicate that anxiety symptoms and engagement in daily activities fluctuate considerably across the day, and these patterns differ depending on chronotype. Evening chronotypes have more anxiety symptoms in the evening, despite preferring this time of day. Personalized treatment approaches that consider chronotype and target certain times of day may be efficient in alleviating peaks in anxiety symptoms., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Rebecca Cox reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Leonie Balter reports financial support was provided by SU-Region Stockholm. Leonie Balter reports financial support was provided by Rut and Arvid Wolff Memorial Foundation. Rebecca Cox reports financial support was provided by International OCD Foundation. Rebecca Cox reports financial support was provided by American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation. Kenneth Wright reports a relationship with Circadian Therapeutics, LTD that includes: consulting or advisory. Kenneth Wright reports a relationship with DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences that includes: non-financial support. Kenneth Wright reports a relationship with Grain Processing Corporation that includes: non-financial support. Kenneth Wright reports a relationship with Friesland Campina Innovation Centre that includes: non-financial support. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Circadian rhythms and breast cancer: unraveling the biological clock's role in tumor microenvironment and ageing.
- Author
-
Yan Y, Su L, Huang S, He Q, Lu J, Luo H, Xu K, Yang G, Huang S, and Chi H
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Animals, CLOCK Proteins genetics, CLOCK Proteins metabolism, Biological Clocks, Tumor Microenvironment immunology, Breast Neoplasms immunology, Circadian Rhythm immunology, Aging immunology
- Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common and fatal malignancies among women worldwide. Circadian rhythms have emerged in recent studies as being involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In this paper, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms by which the dysregulation of the circadian genes impacts the development of BC, focusing on the critical clock genes, brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (BMAL1) and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK). We discussed how the circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) changes the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune responses, inflammation, and angiogenesis. The CRD compromises immune surveillance and features and activities of immune effectors, including CD8+ T cells and tumor-associated macrophages, that are important in an effective anti-tumor response. Meanwhile, in this review, we discuss bidirectional interactions: age and circadian rhythms, aging further increases the risk of breast cancer through reduced vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), affecting suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronization, reduced ability to repair damaged DNA, and weakened immunity. These complex interplays open new avenues toward targeted therapies by the combination of clock drugs with chronotherapy to potentiate the immune response while reducing tumor progression for better breast cancer outcomes. This review tries to cover the broad area of emerging knowledge on the tumor-immune nexus affected by the circadian rhythm in breast cancer., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yan, Su, Huang, He, Lu, Luo, Xu, Yang, Huang and Chi.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Model integration of circadian- and sleep-wake-driven contributions to rhythmic gene expression reveals distinct regulatory principles.
- Author
-
Jan M, Jimenez S, Hor CN, Dijk DJ, Skeldon AC, and Franken P
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Mice, Gene Expression Regulation genetics, Liver metabolism, Transcriptome genetics, Sleep Deprivation genetics, Sleep Deprivation physiopathology, Male, Homeostasis genetics, Circadian Rhythm genetics, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Sleep genetics, Sleep physiology, Wakefulness physiology, Wakefulness genetics
- Abstract
Analyses of gene-expression dynamics in research on circadian rhythms and sleep homeostasis often describe these two processes using separate models. Rhythmically expressed genes are, however, likely to be influenced by both processes. We implemented a driven, damped harmonic oscillator model to estimate the contribution of circadian- and sleep-wake-driven influences on gene expression. The model reliably captured a wide range of dynamics in cortex, liver, and blood transcriptomes taken from mice and humans under various experimental conditions. Sleep-wake-driven factors outweighed circadian factors in driving gene expression in the cortex, whereas the opposite was observed in the liver and blood. Because of tissue- and gene-specific responses, sleep deprivation led to a long-lasting intra- and inter-tissue desynchronization. The model showed that recovery sleep contributed to these long-lasting changes. The results demonstrate that the analyses of the daily rhythms in gene expression must take the complex interactions between circadian and sleep-wake influences into account. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Relative importance of intensity and spectrum of artificial light at night in disrupting behavior of a nocturnal rodent.
- Author
-
Longcore T, Villanueva SAMB, Nguyen-Ngo K, Ghiani CA, Harrison B, and Colwell CS
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice physiology, Male, Female, Behavior, Animal radiation effects, Behavior, Animal physiology, Motor Activity radiation effects, Temperature, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Circadian Rhythm radiation effects, Light, Lighting
- Abstract
The influence of light spectral properties on circadian rhythms is of substantial interest to laboratory-based investigation of the circadian system and to field-based understanding of the effects of artificial light at night. The trade-offs between intensity and spectrum regarding masking behaviors are largely unknown, even for well-studied organisms. We used a custom LED illumination system to document the response of wild-type house mice (Mus musculus) to 1-h nocturnal exposure of all combinations of four intensity levels (0.01, 0.5, 5 and 50 lx) and three correlated color temperatures (CCT; 1750, 1950 and 3000 K). Higher intensities of light (50 lx) suppressed cage activity substantially, and consistently more for the higher CCT light (91% for 3000 K, 53% for 1750 K). At the lowest intensity (0.01 lx), mean activity was increased, with the greatest increases for the lowest CCT (12.3% increase at 1750 K, 3% increase at 3000 K). Multiple linear regression confirmed the influence of both CCT and intensity on changes in activity, with the scaled effect size of intensity 3.6 times greater than that of CCT. Activity suppression was significantly lower for male than for female mice. Assessment of light-evoked cFos expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus at 50 lx showed no significant difference between high and low CCT exposure. The significant differences by spectral composition illustrate a need to account for light spectrum in circadian studies of behavior, and confirm that spectral controls can mitigate some, but certainly not all, of the effects of light pollution on species in the wild., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors of this work have no financial interests directly related to this paper. Ben Harrison is employed by Korrus, Inc., and has a financial interest in the commercial use of the LED lighting system for humans., (© 2024. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The effect of circadian timing program for evening-chronotype individuals with obesity on obesity management and sleep quality: A randomized controlled trial.
- Author
-
Ekiz Erim S and Sert H
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Obesity Management methods, Life Style, Chronotype, Obesity therapy, Sleep Quality, Circadian Rhythm physiology
- Abstract
Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the effect of the circadian timing program (SİZAP) developed for evening-chronotype individuals with obesity on obesity management and sleep quality., Methods: This single-site, randomized controlled trial with an experimental research design was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. It was reported in accordance with the "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials" (CONSORT) randomized controlled trial guidelines. The study sample consisted of 38 evening-chronotype individuals with first-degree obesity, with 19 individuals in each study group. The intervention group's sleep hygiene training was conducted and their lifestyle changes were ensured through SİZAP. The control group followed their normal daily lifestyle. No intervention was made in terms of the dietary practices of both groups. Study data were collected using the personal information form, the anthropometric measurement form, the Horne and Ostberg Morning and Evening Questionnaire (MEQ), the Impact of weight on quality of life-lite (IWQOL-lite), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the sleep diary, and the data tracked via the website and smart bracelets., Results: It was determined that the participants in the SİZAP group had a statistically significant decrease in the anthropometric measurements and daytime sleepiness (p < 0.05). The sleep quality scores and the scores of the bodily functions sub-dimension of the quality of life scale were significantly better in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: It was found that SİZAP is effective in obesity management in evening-chronotype individuals and increases weight loss success and sleep quality., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.