Search

Food insecurity (FI) may limit cognitive functioning during aging. The goal of this systematic review was to summarize existing evidence linking FI and general or specific cognitive functions in middle and older adulthood. A systematic search of human studies published between 1 January 2000 and 30 April 2018 was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, and CAB Direct. Four independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of identified articles and conducted data extraction and data quality assessment. Ten studies were included in the review, including 1 cluster-randomized controlled trial, 2 longitudinal studies, and 7 cross-sectional studies. Three studies reported the association between early-life FI experience and a global cognitive function measure. Nine studies reported later-life FI experience in relation to global or specific cognitive functions. The results suggest an adverse association between FI experienced in early or later life and global cognitive function; and between later-life FI and executive function and memory. Findings from the review are preliminary because of sparse data, heterogeneity across study populations, exposure and outcome assessments, and potential risk of bias across studies. Future studies are recommended to better understand the role of FI in cognitive function, with the goal of identifying possible critical windows for correction of FI in vulnerable subpopulations to prevent neurocognitive deficit in adulthood., (Copyright © The Author(s) 2019.)

The fault diagnosis of rolling bearing plays an important role in ensuring the safe and stable operation and maintenance of rotating machinery. Traditional bearing fault diagnosis methods fail to consider the correlation between faults and characteristics and do not take full advantage of the ever-increasing monitoring data. Thus, a bearing fault diagnosis framework based on knowledge graph (KG) and data accumulation strategy is proposed. First, the entities of the KG are defined based on multiple features extracted from the time domain, frequency domain, and time–frequency domain of bearing vibration data collected by the vibration sensors. Then, the feature-fault correlation as the edges is designed and calculated to establish a KG framework together with the entities. In addition, a weighted random forest algorithm is proposed as a reasoning algorithm for the KG, making full use of the feature-fault correlation to improve the accuracy of bearing fault classification. Finally, a data accumulation strategy is designed to continuously increase the size of the training dataset of KG. Relevant parameters are updated in the process to make the results produced by the inference algorithm more accurate. The advantage of the proposed method was demonstrated by a comparison with several models for the same circumstance. The test results showed that the proposed method was promising and it had good prediction accuracy and robustness for different working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, characterized by severe mitochondrial dysfunction, which is an intracellular process that is significantly compromised in the early stages of AD. Mitophagy, the selective removal of damaged mitochondria, is a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. Rapamycin, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, augmented autophagy and mitigated cognitive impairment. Our study revealed that rapamycin enhances cognitive function by activating mitophagy, alleviating neuronal loss, and improving mitochondrial dysfunction in 5 ×FAD mice. Interestingly, the neuroprotective effect of rapamycin in AD were negated by treatment with 3-MA, a mitophagy inhibitor. Overall, our findings suggest that rapamycin ameliorates cognitive impairment in 5 ×FAD mice via mitophagy activation and its downstream PINK1-Parkin pathway, which aids in the clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) and damaged mitochondria. This study reveals a novel mechanism involving mitophagy regulation underlying the therapeutic effect of rapamycin in AD. This study provides new insights and therapeutic targets for rapamycin in the treatment of AD. However, there are still some shortcomings in this topic; if we can further knock out the PINK1/Parkin gene in animals or use siRNA technology, we can further confirm the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]