48 results
Search Results
2. Proceedings of the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) International Conference on Mobile Learning (12th, Vilamoura, Algarve, Portugal, April 9-11, 2016)
- Author
-
International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), Sánchez, Inmaculada Arnedillo, and Isaías, Pedro
- Abstract
These proceedings contain the papers of the 12th International Conference on Mobile Learning 2016, which was organized by the International Association for Development of the Information Society, in Vilamoura, Algarve, Portugal, April 9-11, 2016. The Mobile Learning 2016 Conference seeks to provide a forum for the presentation and discussion of mobile learning research which illustrate developments in the field. Full papers presented in these proceedings include: (1) Mobile Devices and Spatial Enactments of Learning: iPads in Lower Secondary Schools (Bente Meyer); (2) NetEnquiry--A Competitive Mobile Learning Approach for the Banking Sector (Marc Beutner, Matthias Teine, Marcel Gebbe and Lara Melissa Fortmann); (3) M-Learning Challenges in Teaching Crosscutting Themes in the Education of Young People and Adults (Marcos Andrei Ota and Carlos Fernando de Araujo Jr); (4) Mobile Learning: Pedagogical Strategies for Using Applications in the Classroom (Anna Helena Silveira Sonego, Leticia Rocha Machado, Cristina Alba Wildt Torrezzan and Patricia Alejandra Behar); (5) Experiencing a Mobile Game and its Impact on Teachers' Attitudes towards Mobile Learning (Hagit Meishar-Tal and Miky Ronen); (6) Exploring Mobile Affordances in the Digital Classroom (David Parsons, Herbert Thomas and Jocelyn Wishart); (7) Design, Development and Evaluation of a Field Learning Video Blog (Otto Petrovic); (8) Development and Evaluation of a Classroom Interaction System (Bingyi Cao, Margarita Esponda-Argüero and Raúl Rojas); (9) Visual Environment for Designing Interactive Learning Scenarios with Augmented Reality (José Miguel Mota, Iván Ruiz-Rube, Juan Manuel Dodero and Mauro Figueiredo); and (10) The Development of an Interactive Mathematics App for Mobile Learning (Mauro Figueiredo, Beata Godejord and José Rodrigues). Short papers presented include: (1) Conceptualizing an M-Learning System for Seniors (Matthias Teine and Marc Beutner); (2) Sensimotor Distractions when Learning with Mobile Phones on-the Move (Soledad Castellano and Inmaculada Arnedillo-Sánchez); (3) Personal Biometric Information from Wearable Technology Tracked and Followed Using an Eportfolio: A Case Study of eHealth literacy Development with Emerging Technology in Hong King Higher Education (Michele Notari, Tanja Sobko and Daniel Churchill); (4) An Initial Evaluation of Tablet Devices & What Are the Next Steps? (Tracey McKillen); (5) Information Literacy on the Go! Adding Mobile to an Age Old Challenge (Alice Schmidt Hanbidge, Nicole Sanderson and Tony Tin); (6) The Use of Digital Tools by Independent Music Teachers (Rena Upitis, Philip C. Abrami and Karen Boese); (7) Development of a Math Input Interface with Flick Operation for Mobile Devices (Yasuyuki Nakamura and Takahiro Nakahara); (8) Smartwatches as a Learning Tool: A Survey of Student Attitudes (Neil Davie and Tobias Hilber); and (9) The Adoption of Mobile Learning in a Traditional Training Environment: The C95-Challenge Project Experience (Nadia Catenazzi, Lorenzo Sommaruga, Kylene De Angelis and Giulio Gabbianelli). Reflection papers include the following; (1) Leadership for Nursing Work-Based Mobile Learning (Dorothy Fahlman); (2) Reflections on Ways forward for Addressing Ethical Concerns in Mobile Learning Research (Jocelyn Wishart); and (3) Mobile Learning: Extreme Outcomes of Everywhere, Anytime (Giuseppe Cosimo De Simone). Posters include: (1) Student Response Behavior to Six Types of Caller/Sender When Smartphones Receive a Call or Text Message during University Lectures (Kunihiro Chida, Yuuki Kato and Shogo Kato); and (2) Understanding the Use of Mobile Resources to Enhance Paralympic Boccia Teaching and Learning for Students with Cerebral Palsy (Fabiana Zioti, Giordano Clemente, Raphael de Paiva Gonçalves, Matheus Souza, Aracele Fassbinder and Ieda Mayumi Kawashita). Doctoral Consortium papers include: (1) Forms of the Materials Shared between a Teacher and a Pupil (Libor Klubal and Katerina Kostolányová); and (2) Mobile Touch Screen Devices as Compensation for the Teaching Materials at a Special Primary School (Vojtech Gybas and Katerina Kostolányová). Individual papers provide references, and an Author Index is provided.
- Published
- 2016
3. Augmented Reality in Education: An Overview of Research Trends
- Author
-
F. Sehkar Fayda-Kinik
- Abstract
Augmented reality (AR), a cutting-edge technology, has the potential to change the way students learn by superimposing virtual items and information onto the real environment. Through more immersive and interesting interactions with digital content, AR might help students better understand difficult concepts and boost their drive to learn. As a result of its contribution to student learning, AR has become increasingly appealing to educational researchers. This study aimed to descriptively explore the characteristics of AR studies in education and to qualitatively analyze the most influential ones indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) between 2000 and 2022. A scoping review was conducted to determine the sample of the AR studies in education based on the inclusion criteria. Accordingly, descriptive analyses were conducted to identify the characteristics of the AR studies in education between 2000 and 2022 in terms of publication year, country, affiliations, journals, funding agencies, and citation trends. Then, the research methodologies and implications were found among the most influential AR studies in education between 2000 and 2022 by synthesizing qualitatively. The overall results indicated that AR studies in education have been conducted since 2008, with an increasing number of studies over time. Based on the implications of the most influential studies identified in terms of citation numbers, it was detected that AR has the potential to enhance education and training by providing interactive and engaging environments, linking real-world contexts with digital resources, and promoting efficiency and effectiveness in learning. [This paper was published in: "EJER Congress 2023 International Eurasian Educational Research Congress Conference Proceedings," Ani Publishing, 2023, pp. 273-291.]
- Published
- 2023
4. SpEakWise VR: Exploring the Use of Social Virtual Reality in Telecollaborative Foreign Language Learning between Learners of English and German
- Author
-
Senkbeil, Karsten, Martin, Gillian, and O'Rourke, Breffni
- Abstract
This paper discusses the potential of immersing foreign language learners in Social Virtual Reality (SVR) in an international seminar, designed by the authors, called SpEakWise VR, combining the tandem language learning paradigm with gamification in immersive virtual environments. SpEakWise VR builds on an existing telecollaboration (SpEakWise) between undergraduate students in Trinity College Dublin and Hildesheim University. We set out to explore how inclusion of an SVR activity influences student engagement, learning involving intercultural and multilingual problem solving, and team building. This paper presents initial observations from our research, concerning multimodality in embodied immersion and code-switching, and proposes future avenues of inquiry. [For the complete volume, "Intelligent CALL, Granular Systems and Learner Data: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2022 (30th, Reykjavik, Iceland, August 17-19, 2022)," see ED624779.]
- Published
- 2022
5. Motivation and Reading in High-Immersion Virtual Reality
- Author
-
Kaplan-Rakowski, Regina and Gruber, Alice
- Abstract
Many language learners lack the motivation to read complex texts. Because high-immersion Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly reported to be highly motivating, the goal of our study was to compare English as a Second Language (ESL) learners' (N=79) motivation while reading a story with subtitles in VR (experimental group) versus reading the same story screencast in two-dimensions (2D -- control group). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed that learners' motivation in VR was significantly higher compared with the control group. Our finding confirmed that VR is highly motivational in the context of reading foreign texts and can be useful for Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) researchers, practitioners, and instructional designers. This analysis is a part of a larger study (Kaplan-Rakowski & Gruber, 2023) on VR facilitating reading tasks. [For the complete volume, "Intelligent CALL, Granular Systems and Learner Data: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2022 (30th, Reykjavik, Iceland, August 17-19, 2022)," see ED624779.]
- Published
- 2022
6. When International Avatars Meet -- Intercultural Language Learning in Virtual Reality Exchange
- Author
-
Jauregi Ondarra, Kristi, Gruber, Alice, and Canto, Silvia
- Abstract
Virtual exchange projects have become an effective pedagogical method to support students' development of intercultural language competence. High-immersion experiences in Virtual Reality (VR) may offer an environment which is conducive to developing such competence. This paper reports on a pilot study carried out with two groups of university students (N=30) in the Netherlands and Germany. The students, involved in a virtual exchange using VR headsets, completed three tasks collaboratively. The aim of the study was to investigate participants' perception regarding (1) their collaboration with foreign peers within the VR setting and (2) the perceived usefulness of the tool. The researchers employed questionnaires and conducted interviews and focus groups. The audio recording transcripts from the VR encounters and students' reflective journals provide further data to triangulate the results. This pilot study provides first results with regard to virtual exchanges carried out in high-immersion VR. [For the complete volume, "CALL for Widening Participation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2020 (28th, Online, August 20-21, 2020)," see ED610330.]
- Published
- 2020
7. Pedagogical Experiences in a Virtual Exchange Project Using High-Immersion Virtual Reality for Intercultural Language Learning
- Author
-
Jauregi-Ondarra, Kristi, Gruber, Alice, and Canto, Silvia
- Abstract
Social Virtual Reality (VR) applications enable real-time interpersonal conversation and allow users to perform activities together. They have the potential of changing the ways learners practise speaking a foreign language. Following a previous study (Jauregi Ondarra, Gruber, & Canto, 2020), we designed the present study to explore how presence, immersion, and interactivity affect overall social experience. Students from Germany and the Netherlands engaged in High-immersion VR (HiVR) virtual exchange sessions, using Spanish as a lingua franca at A2 level. International dyads carried out four interaction tasks in AltspaceVR, using head-mounted devices. To examine students' HiVR virtual exchange experiences, different sources of data were gathered: questionnaires, reflection diaries, recordings, and focus group interviews. The preliminary results, based on the surveys and reflection journals, show that students liked to use a social VR app to communicate in the target language with peers from other countries, as they felt completely immersed and co-present in the social interactive VR space. This might enhance engagement and lower anxiety levels. [For the complete volume, "CALL and Professionalisation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2021 (29th, Online, August 26-27, 2021)," see ED616972.]
- Published
- 2021
8. Analyzing Student Success and Mistakes in Virtual Microscope Structure Search Tasks
- Author
-
PaaBen, Benjamin, Bertsch, Andreas, Langer-Fischer, Katharina, Rüdian, Sylvio, Wang, Xia, Sinha, Rupali, Kuzilek, Jakub, Britsch, Stefan, and Pinkwart, Niels
- Abstract
Many modern anatomy curricula teach histology using virtual microscopes, where students inspect tissue slices in a computer program (e.g. a web browser). However, the educational data mining (EDM) potential of these virtual microscopes remains under-utilized. In this paper, we use EDM techniques to investigate three research questions on a virtual microscope dataset of N = 1, 460 students. First, which factors predict the success of students locating structures in a virtual microscope? We answer this question with a generalized item response theory model (with 77% test accuracy and 0.82 test AUC in 10-fold cross-validation) and find that task difficulty is the most predictive parameter, whereas student ability is less predictive, prior success on the same task and exposure to an explanatory slide are moderately predictive, and task duration as well as prior mistakes are not predictive. Second, what are typical locations of student mistakes? And third, what are possible misconceptions explaining these locations? A clustering analysis revealed that student mistakes for a difficult task are mostly located in plausible positions ('near misses') whereas mistakes in an easy task are more indicative of deeper misconceptions. [For the full proceedings, see ED615472.]
- Published
- 2021
9. Experiencing Flow in Virtual Reality: An Investigation of Complex Interaction Structures of Learning-Related Variables
- Author
-
International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) and Mulders, Miriam
- Abstract
Theoretical background: Learning in virtual realities (VR) has become increasingly important. In this context, VR appears to be particularly conducive to affective learning objectives, such as perspective-taking in VR actors. Previous research has often focused on investigating cause-effect relationships that focus on the direct effects of different VR visualization technologies on learning outcomes. Little research has been conducted on more complex constellations of learning-related variables. Therefore, the present study aims at elaborating a research design that can be used to investigate both the direct effects of VR visualization technologies as well as the mediating effects of learning process variables latent in VR. For this purpose, the research design will be experimentally tested by comparing head-mounted display (HMD)-based VR with laptop-based VR with respect to the intended learning objectives, and controlling for influences by underlying learning processes (here: the experience of flow within VR). Methods: 132 students of grades eight and nine were recruited. The subjects were assigned to experimental conditions (HMD vs. laptop). The VR content dealt with the exploration of the hiding place of Anne Frank at the time of World War II in Amsterdam. Questionnaires were used to collect several data including sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge gain, perspective-taking, subjective evaluation, and the learning process variable flow. Results: A significant main effect for the variable VR visualization technology was uncovered averaged across all learning indicators. However, a superiority of HMD-based VR was found for the two evaluative indicators and also for the affective learning indicator. For the cognitive learning indicator, the effect was reverse. More relevant than unidirectional relationships are the mediating effects. Mediating effects through the experience of flow were discovered several times. Thus, the experience of flow within VR can significantly explain the cause-effect relationships between VR visualization technology and learning outcomes, even if, for the most part, only effects for evaluative indicators could be determined. Conclusion: The present study was able to exemplify that the investigation of complex interaction structures of VR visualization technologies and learning process variables can make a large contribution to the understanding of learning in VR environments. Advantages of HMD-based VR over laptop-based VR with respect to some learning indicators were uncovered. The significant findings of the mediation analyses point to the fact that the direct effects of VR visualization technologies on parameters of learning can be significantly explained by learning process variables such as flow experience and are systematically overestimated if such learning processes are not taken into account.
- Published
- 2022
10. Teaching Media Design by Using Scrum. A Qualitative Study within a Media Informatics Elective Course
- Author
-
Herrmann, Ines, Münster, Sander, Tietz, Vincent, and Uhlemann, Rainer
- Abstract
Cross-disciplinary skills are today's key skills for media informatics students to gain employment after graduation. However, such problem-based learning projects almost never take place due to organizational struggles. The authors suggest Scrum, a framework that is increasingly used in software engineering, as a solution for the challenges. Scrum has been implemented in a 3D media design project seminar at Dresden University of Technology during the cross-disciplinary project "SUFUvet" which took place in cooperation with University of Leipzig in 2016. The authors evaluated the use of Scrum qualitatively during the project and after. This paper explains methodology and results of the studies. Results shall be presented in four hypotheses within this paper. [The educational project "SUFUvet--Multimedia, 3D visualized teaching-learning class about ante-mortem and post-mortem meat inspection of domestic swine" was funded by the Saxon Center for Higher Education in 2016 within the Learning in Transfer scheme. For the complete proceedings, see ED579395.]
- Published
- 2017
11. Digital Planning Using Building Information Modelling and Virtual Reality: New Approach for Students' Remote Practical Training under Lockdown Conditions in the Course of Smart Building Engineering
- Author
-
Schulze-Buxloh, Lina, Grob, Rolf, and Ulbrich, Michelle
- Abstract
The worldwide Corona pandemic has severely restricted student projects in the higher semesters of engineering courses. In order not to delay the graduation, a new concept had to be developed for projects under lockdown conditions. Therefore, unused rooms at the university should be digitally recorded in order to develop a new usage concept as laboratory rooms. An inventory of the actual state of the rooms was done first by taking photos and listing up all flaws and peculiarities. After that, a digital site measuring was done with a 360° laser scanner and these recorded scans were linked to a coherent point cloud and transferred to a software for planning technical building services and supporting Building Information Modelling (BIM). In order to better illustrate the difference between the actual and target state, two virtual reality models were created for realistic demonstration. During the project, the students had to go through the entire digital planning phases. Technical specifications had to be complied with, as well as documentation, time planning and cost estimate. This project turned out to be an excellent alternative to on-site practical training under lockdown conditions and increased the students' motivation to deal with complex technical questions. [For the full proceedings, see ED623149.]
- Published
- 2021
12. Proceedings of the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA) (18th, Virtual, October 13-15, 2021)
- Author
-
International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), Sampson, Demetrios G., Ifenthaler, Dirk, and Isaías, Pedro
- Abstract
These proceedings contain the papers of the 18th International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA 2021), held virtually, due to an exceptional situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, from October 13-15, 2021, and organized by the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS). The CELDA conference aims to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There have been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a fast pace and affecting academia and professional practice in many ways. The CELDA 2021 Conference received 68 submissions from more than 21 countries. Out of the papers submitted, 34 were accepted as full papers for an acceptance rate of 50%; 16 were accepted as short papers, and 2 were accepted as reflection papers. In addition to the presentation of full, short and reflection papers, the conference also includes one keynote presentation from an internationally distinguished researcher: Dr. David Scaradozzi, Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2021
13. A Critical Analysis of Learner Participation in Virtual Worlds: How Can Virtual Worlds Inform Our Pedagogy?
- Author
-
Panichi, Luisa
- Abstract
This paper reports on an exploratory case study of learner participation within the context of online language learning in virtual world platforms. Data for this investigation was collected through a case study of a Business English course within a qualitative Case-Study Research framework. This study examines learner activity in virtual worlds in relation to three main features of the platform: avatars, artefacts and spaces. The study makes use of "Reflexivity" and "Exploratory Practice" as its core methodological approach to the building of the case. The virtual world data is analysed from a multimodal perspective and makes use of "visualization" as the primary analytical tool. In an attempt to broach the Eurocall 2015 conference topic of Critical Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), this paper will present and discuss three findings: a broadening of our understanding of learner participation in virtual worlds, the critical role played by course designers and teachers in the shaping of learner participation in virtual worlds, and the potential of virtual worlds as a tool for reflective practice and practitioner research. [For full proceedings, see ED564162.]
- Published
- 2015
14. Proceedings of the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) International Conference on e-Learning (Porto, Portugal, July 16-19, 2019)
- Author
-
International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), Nunes, Miguel Baptista, and Isaias, Pedro
- Abstract
These proceedings contain the papers and posters of the International Conference on e-Learning (EL) 2019, which was organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society and co-organised by the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, in Porto, Portugal, July 17-19, 2019. The EL 2019 conference aims to address the main issues of concern within e-Learning. This conference covers both technical as well as the non-technical aspects of e-Learning. The conference accepted submissions in the following seven main areas: (1) Organisational Strategy and Management Issues; (2) Technological Issues; (3) e-Learning Curriculum Development Issues; (4) Instructional Design Issues; (5) e-Learning Delivery Issues; (6) e-Learning Research Methods and Approaches; and (7) e-Skills and Information Literacy for Learning. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2019
15. Proceedings of the International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM) (11th, Raleigh, North Carolina, July 16-20, 2018)
- Author
-
International Educational Data Mining Society, Boyer, Kristy Elizabeth, and Yudelson, Michael
- Abstract
The 11th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2018) is held under the auspices of the International Educational Data Mining Society at the Templeton Landing in Buffalo, New York. This year's EDM conference was highly competitive, with 145 long and short paper submissions. Of these, 23 were accepted as full papers and 37 accepted as short papers. This year's conference features three invited talks: Tiffany Barnes, Professor at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina; Jodi Forlizzi, Geschke Director of the HCI Institute and Professor at Carnegie Mellon University; and Jim Larimore, Chief Officer of Center for Equity in Learning at ACT, Inc. Together with the "Journal of Educational Data Mining" ("JEDM"), the EDM 2018 conference supports a "JEDM" Track that provides researchers a venue to deliver more substantial mature work than is possible in a conference proceeding and to present their work to a live audience. Three such papers are featured this year. The papers submitted to this track followed the "JEDM" peer review process. The main conference invited contributions to an Industry Track in addition to the main track. The EDM 2018 Industry Track received ten submissions of which six were accepted, a tangible improvement over last year, with only four submissions total, all of which were accepted. This expansion of the industry track represents an intentional goal to better connect industry researchers with the academic research community. The EDM conference continues its tradition of providing opportunities for young researchers to present their work and receive feedback from their peers and senior researchers. The doctoral consortium this year features 14 such presentations, more than double compared to the prior year. In addition to the main program, there are four workshops: (1) Educational Data Mining in Computer Science Education (CSEDM); (2) Proposal Policy & EDM: Norms, Risks, and Safeguards; (3) replicate.education: A Workshop on Large Scale Education Replication; and (4) Scientific Findings from the ASSISTments Longitudinal Data.
- Published
- 2018
16. The Multi-Disciplinary Approach to an Interdisciplinary Virtual Exchange
- Author
-
Fonseca, Paula, Julian, Kristi, Hulme, Wendi, Martins, Maria De Lurdes, and Brautlacht, Regina
- Abstract
New communication technologies are changing the way we work and communicate with people around the world. Given this reality, students in Higher Education (HE) worldwide need to develop knowledge in their area of study as well as attitudes and values that will enable them to be responsible and ethical global citizens in the workforce they will soon enter, regardless of the degree. Different institutional and country-specific requirements are important factors when developing an international Virtual Exchange (VE) program. Digital learning environments such as ProGlobe -- Promoting the Global Exchange of Ideas on Sustainable Goals, Practices, and Cultural Diversity -- offer a platform for collaborating with diverse students around the world to share and reflect on ideas on sustainable practices. Students work together virtually on a joint interdisciplinary project that aims to create knowledge and foster cultural diversity. This project was successfully integrated into each country's course syllabus through a common global theme; sustainability. The focus of this paper is to present multi-disciplinary perspectives on the opportunities and challenges in implementing a VE project in HE. Furthermore, it will present the challenges that country coordinators dealt with when planning and implementing their project. Given the disparity found in each course syllabus, project coordinators uniquely handled the project goal, approach, and assessment for their specific course and program. Not only did the students and faculty gain valuable insight into different aspects of collaboration when working in interdisciplinary HE projects, they also reflected on their own impact on the environment and learned to listen to how people in different countries deal with environmental issues. This approach provided students with meaningful intercultural experiences that helped them link ideas and concepts about a global issue through the lens of their own discipline as well as other disciplines worldwide. [For the complete volume, "Virtual Exchange: Towards Digital Equity in Internationalisation," see ED614868.]
- Published
- 2021
17. Enhancing Intercultural Competence of Engineering Students via GVT (Global Virtual Teams)-Based Virtual Exchanges: An International Collaborative Course in Intralogistics Education
- Author
-
Wang, Rui, Rechl, Friederike, Bigontina, Sonja, Fang, Dianjun, Günthner, Willibald A., and Fottner, Johannes
- Abstract
In order to enhance the intercultural competence of engineering students, an international collaborative course in intralogistics education was initiated and realized between the Technical University of Munich in Germany and the Tongji University in China. In this course, students worked in global virtual teams (GVTs) and solved a concrete case study in the field of intralogistics in a virtual setting via modern communication tools. This paper introduced the course in detail and reported lessons learned from conducting the course and student feedback. The findings of this study suggested that teaching using GVT-based virtual exchange is effective in improving intercultural competence of engineering students. [For the complete proceedings, see ED579335.]
- Published
- 2017
18. Linking the Submicroscopic and Symbolic Level in Physical Chemistry: How Voluntary Simulation-Based Learning Activities Foster First-Year University Students' Conceptual Understanding
- Author
-
Schwedler, Stefanie and Kaldewey, Marvin
- Abstract
Research in the past decades repeatedly revealed university students' struggles to properly understand physical chemistry concepts. In contrast to school, tertiary teaching relies heavily on the symbolic level, mainly applying abstract representations such as equations and diagrams. To follow the lessons and generate conceptual understanding, students need to connect those representations with macroscopic and submicroscopic aspects of the scientific concept depicted. For German first-year chemistry students, this increase in abstraction in a major subject of study contributes to excessive demand and demotivation (especially during out-of-class learning) and increases the risk of early dropouts. We designed a simulation-based learning environment (BIRC: Bridging Imagination and Representation in Chemistry) to suit the needs of first-year students and support them when learning physical chemistry at home. Our approach, featuring molecular dynamics simulations, requires students to assess their own mental models on the submicroscopic level and connect them to equations and diagrams on the symbolic level. Prior studies did already highlight the potential of individual BIRC learning units to foster conceptual understanding on specific topics. In this paper, we investigate if and how students of a broader sample use these learning activities as voluntary supplement beside regular coursework. During the term, we used think-aloud protocols, interviews and eight online questionnaires to analyse students' mental and emotional interaction while working on BIRC, assessing whether students perceived BIRC as a suitable, enjoyable and supportive resource to enhance learning. Via two paper & pencil achievement tests we examined students' retention concerning submicroscopic mental models and their ability to connect these mental models with symbolic representations 5-10 weeks later. Our findings indicate a cognitively engaging, comparably enjoyable learning process, which strengthens conceptual understanding and -- despite the necessary time and effort -- induces a broad number of students to voluntarily work on several units at home.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. END 2015: International Conference on Education and New Developments. Conference Proceedings (Porto, Portugal, June 27-29, 2015)
- Author
-
World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS) (Portugal) and Carmo, Mafalda
- Abstract
We are delighted to welcome you to the International Conference on Education and New Developments 2015-END 2015, taking place in Porto, Portugal, from 27 to 29 of June. Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. Our International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. Our goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2015 received 528 submissions, from 63 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form as Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference, 176 submissions (33% acceptance rate). The conference also includes a keynote presentation from an internationally distinguished researcher, Professor Dr. Martin Braund, Adjunct Professor at Cape Peninsula University of Technology in Cape Town, South Africa and Honorary Fellow in the Department of Education at the University of York, UK, to whom we express our most gratitude. This volume is composed by the proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2015), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.) and had the help of our respected media partners that we reference in the dedicated page. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program we have chosen four main broad-ranging categories, which also cover different interest areas: (1) In TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: Teachers and Staff training and education; Educational quality and standards; Curriculum and Pedagogy; Vocational education and Counseling; Ubiquitous and lifelong learning; Training programs and professional guidance; Teaching and learning relationship; Student affairs (learning, experiences and diversity); Extra-curricular activities; Assessment and measurements in Education. (2) In PROJECTS AND TRENDS: Pedagogic innovations; Challenges and transformations in Education; Technology in teaching and learning; Distance Education and eLearning; Global and sustainable developments for Education; New learning and teaching models; Multicultural and (inter)cultural communications; Inclusive and Special Education; Rural and indigenous Education; Educational projects. (3) In TEACHING AND LEARNING: Educational foundations; Research and development methodologies; Early childhood and Primary Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Science and technology Education; Literacy, languages and Linguistics (TESL/TEFL); Health Education; Religious Education; Sports Education. (4) In ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES: Educational policy and leadership; Human Resources development; Educational environment; Business, Administration, and Management in Education; Economics in Education; Institutional accreditations and rankings; International Education and Exchange programs; Equity, social justice and social change; Ethics and values; Organizational learning and change. The proceedings contain the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. (Individual papers contain references.)
- Published
- 2015
20. Avatar-Based Virtual Reality and the Associated Gender Stereotypes in a University Environment
- Author
-
Pröbster, Monika, Soto, Marina Velert, Connolly, Cornelia, and Marsden, Nicola
- Abstract
Avatar-based virtual reality (VR) is becoming more prevalent in industry and educational settings. There is, however, limited research on the extent to which gender stereotypes are present in this environment. The university laboratory study presented in this paper was conducted in a VR environment with participants who were randomly assigned to male or female avatars and instructed to negotiate the role of a manager or member of staff. The results reveal differences in satisfaction regarding their roles and gender. Participants who embodied a female avatar were less happy when they were subordinates interacting with a male avatar, compared to participants embodying a male avatar in the staff role (interacting with a female avatar). Male avatars with staff roles were also more content with their avatar than male avatars with manager roles and also reported being more comfortable in the VR experience. Relevant for diversity management when integrating VR in education and business, the results are discussed in regard to self-similarity and social identity dynamics and provide insight into understanding the extent to which gender stereotypes may be present in avatar-based VR.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Virtual Laboratories--A Historical Review and Bibliometric Analysis of the Past Three Decades
- Author
-
Raman, Raghu, Achuthan, Krishnashree, Nair, Vinith Kumar, and Nedungadi, Prema
- Abstract
Online and virtual teaching-learning has been a panacea that most educational institutions adopted from the dire need created by COVID-19. We provide a comprehensive bibliometric study of 9523 publications on virtual laboratories in higher education covering the years 1991 to 2021. Influential bibliometrics such as publications and citations, productive countries, contributing institutions, funders, journals, authors, and bibliographic couplings were studied using the Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews (SPAR-4-SLR) protocol. A new metric to complement citations called Field Weighted Citation Impact was introduced that considers the differences in research behavior across disciplines. Findings show that 72% of the research work was published between 2011-and 2021, most likely due to digitalization, with the highest number of publications in 2020-2021 highlighting the impact of the pandemic. Top contributing institutions were from the developed economies of Spain, Germany, and the United States. The citation impact from publications with international co-authors is the highest, highlighting the importance of co-authoring papers with different countries. For the first time, Altmetrics in the context of virtual labs were studied though a very low correlation was observed between citations and Altmetrics Attention Score. Still, the overall percentage of publications with attention showed linear growth. Our work also highlights that virtual laboratory could play a significant role in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, specifically SDG4-Quality Education, which largely remains under-addressed.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. From French Horn to Smartphone : Leveraging Digital Technology and the Digital Turn
- Author
-
Gruhn, Wilfri
- Abstract
The shutdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the implementation of digital technology to advance many new applications. Digital applications were believed to be indispensable for changes in learning environments and strategies that would enhance the capacity and quality of learning through focused motivation, communicative interaction, and stronger selfdetermination. This text will discuss prominent arguments for digital learning and digital technologies that might initiate a digital turn. To this end, this paper reflects on the psychological and mental conditions of human learning, evaluates the potential opportunities of digital tools within the context of teaching and learning, and concludes with consequences for music learning in public schools
- Published
- 2022
23. Gender and Cultural Differences in Game-Based Learning Experiences
- Author
-
Lukosch, Heide, Kurapati, Shalini, Groen, Daan, and Verbraeck, Alexander
- Abstract
Games have been successfully used in educational settings for many years. Still, it is not known in detail which factors influence the use and effectiveness of educational games. The game environment, its technology, and other game mechanics are factors directly linked to the game itself. The player's experience with the subject of the game and/or games in general, his or her motivation and expectations towards the gaming experience influence the outcome of a game-based learning experience. Some of the personal aspects, like age, were already addressed in earlier research. Cultural and gender differences though, were not a main object of study in educational gaming so far. This study started from certain assumptions about differences in game play, related to players' cultural backgrounds and gender. Literature suggests that gender plays a role when it comes to game performance. This paper introduces outcomes of a study with a so-called Microgame, a brief game used to raise the awareness of interdependent planning operations. It shows that in this game, gender and culture make a difference in relation to the learning experience of the players, measured by game performance.
- Published
- 2017
24. Animation and Interactivity in Computer-Based Physics Experiments to Support the Documentation of Measured Vector Quantities in Diagrams: An Eye Tracking Study
- Author
-
Hoyer, Christoph and Girwidz, Raimund
- Abstract
Simulations and virtual or remote laboratories are increasingly used in schools. The extent to which individual experimental skills can be acquired when experimenting in digital applications is, however, questionable. This paper focuses on finding multimedia features for digital experiments to support the transfer of measured values from the laboratory system to a diagram. Beside physical considerations, spatial translation processes could be crucial for a successful assignment. Therefore, the influence of the subjects' spatial ability is examined. Using a pretest post-test design (N = 119), the effects of training with supportive animation (animation group) and training with an interactive task and feedback (interactive group) were tested. The results of both groups were each compared to those of a reference group. Eye tracking data were recorded during training to investigate the origin of different training effects. Hence, fixations and saccades during training were analyzed. For the investigation of the distribution of the saccadic movements, polar diagrams were used in combination with estimated probability density functions. The results show that the score in the pretest is correlated to the score achieved in the card rotation test, which measures the spatial rotation skills of the subjects. Further, the subjects in the interactive group benefited from the training more than the subjects in the reference group did. There were no significant differences in the effect of the training between the animation group and the reference group. Eye tracking data reveal that the training in the interactive group caused the most comparative eye movements between the laboratory system and the diagram. The training in the animation group led to the highest visual attention; however, subjects in this group concentrated on the dynamic elements. These results indicate that especially students with weak spatial skills need additional support when transferring measured values from the laboratory system to the diagram. This assignment can be practiced in computer-based experiments, in particular with an interactive training task and feedback. Additionally, the analysis showed that the training is equally suitable for learners with different spatial abilities. A corresponding task was implemented into a virtual laboratory.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Experiential Learning of Telecollaborative Competences in Pre-Service Teacher Education
- Author
-
Grau, Maike Korinna and Turula, Anna
- Abstract
This paper aims to contribute to the growing literature on how prospective foreign language teachers can learn to be successful telecollaborators. We investigate Polish and German TEFL students' perceptions of how they develop the competences, attitudes, and beliefs described by O'Dowd (2015) through experiential learning in a virtual exchange. Using grounded theory as its research methodology, our study used data from three different sources: (a) a pre- and post-project survey investigating students' changing perceptions of the relevance of telecollaboratively taught classes for their professional and personal development, (b) a survey and ethnographic observation focusing on students' perceptions of and attitudes toward distributed teaching presence in the exchange project (cf. Turula & Grau, 2018), and (c) a case study employing a survey and a semi-structured interview with a participant who carried out her own telecollaborative project in a primary school. The necessarily tentative results of this small-scale investigation point toward the suitability of the experiential learning approach for the development of organisational, digital, and pedagogical telecollaborative competences, potentially shaping prospective teachers' attitudes and beliefs.
- Published
- 2019
26. EdMedia 2018: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology (Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 25-29, 2018)
- Author
-
Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education and Bastiaens, Theo
- Abstract
The Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE) is an international, non-profit educational organization. The Association's purpose is to advance the knowledge, theory, and quality of teaching and learning at all levels with information technology. "EdMedia + Innovate Learning: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology" took place in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 25-29, 2018. These proceedings contain 308 papers, including 14 award papers. The award papers cover topics such as Open Education Resources (OER) certification for higher education; a cooperative approach to the challenges of implementing e-assessments; developing an e-learning system for English conversation practice using speech recognition and artificial intelligence; the Learning Experience Technology Usability Design Framework; developing strategies for digital transformation in higher education; pre-service teachers' readiness to use Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education; teacher development through technology in a short-term study abroad program; Austria's higher education e-learning landscape; a digitised educational application focused on the water cycle in nature carried out in a secondary school in Ireland; evaluative research on virtual and augmented reality for children; how children use computational thinking skills when they solve a problem using the Ozobot; a strategy to connect curricula with the digital world; the learning portfolio in higher education; and adult playfulness in simulation-based healthcare education. [For the 2017 proceedings, see ED605571.]
- Published
- 2018
27. Animated Life Cycles of Fungi and Plants with Spores for Teaching
- Author
-
Klees, Guido and Piepenbring, Meike
- Abstract
The conveyance of knowledge of the life cycles performed by fungi and plants with spores is a challenge for teaching in university education. The life cycles of fungi, in particular, can be very complex and difficult to understand. This paper presents the development and implementation of a German and English educational software program, including seven animated life cycles of fungi, two animated developments of fungal meiosporangia, and two examples each for ferns, mosses, and algae (cryptogams). We could show that the use of the software supported the study of fungi and spore-producing plants. It was possible to identify attributes of usability that contributed to a high quality of the educational material in concrete teaching situations. Notably, an easy handling of the software and an appropriate amount of information per animation step are crucial. In addition to the didactic insights, the conversations between the animation designers and the mycologist on correct details of developmental processes in the animations lead to interesting questions concerning cell biology. Some of the resulting open questions are at the edge of currently available knowledge, e.g. concerning the transformation of a plasmodium into a high number of small fruiting bodies in myxomycetes or the dikaryotisation of monokaryotic hyphae after spermatisation in rust fungi.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. A Web-Based Visualization and Animation Platform for Digital Logic Design
- Author
-
Shoufan, Abdulhadi, Lu, Zheng, and Huss, Sorin A.
- Abstract
This paper presents a web-based education platform for the visualization and animation of the digital logic design process. This includes the design of combinatorial circuits using logic gates, multiplexers, decoders, and look-up-tables as well as the design of finite state machines. Various configurations of finite state machines can be selected to define the machine type, the state code, and the flip-flop type. Logic minimization with the K-map approach and the Quine McCluskey scheme is also supported. The tools, denoted as DLD-VISU, help students practice related topics in digital logic design courses. Also, instructors can use the tools to efficiently generate and verify examples for lecture notes or for homework problems and assignments. DLD-VISU was designed relying on a thorough investigation of related pedagogical aspects to define appropriate interactive graphical processes. The decision for a web-based solution, on the one hand, was motivated by making the tools available, portable, expandable, and at the same time transparent to the user. On the other hand, the advocated approach enables instructors to define access rules for their students to assure that students cannot use the tools to solve assessed homework problems or assignments before submission deadline. DLD-VISU supports self-assessment and reflects the student learning process using learning curves. The proposed platform was evaluated both in form of students' feedback as well as by analyzing the impact of using the tools on students' performance.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. EdMedia + Innovate Learning: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology (Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 24-28, 2019)
- Author
-
Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education and Bastiaens, Theo
- Abstract
The Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE) is an international, non-profit educational organization. The Association's purpose is to advance the knowledge, theory, and quality of teaching and learning at all levels with information technology. "EdMedia + Innovate Learning" took place in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 24-28, 2019. Thirteen award papers focus on the following topics: interactive modules as a digital support for students in the introductory phase of civil engineering studies in Germany; smartglasses as assistive tools in higher science education in Germany; the impact of intentionally designed student learning in environments on student participation; how students' digital media behavior and self-efficacy relate to academic achievement in Germany; cross-linking recitation sessions and physics lectures using eXperiment-based video-analysis tasks in Germany; OER and flipped classrooms; mapping support strategies for pre-service teachers' ICT integration in Finland; a pedagogical framework for mixed reality classrooms; international computer supported collaborative learning-projects in education in The Netherlands; developing social capital among learners in collaborative learning; persistent learners' insight into serial MOOC participation in Ireland; using m-learning in a technology-enhanced bachelor course in the Netherlands; and the price of student reading lists. [For the 2018 proceedings, see ED606952.]
- Published
- 2019
30. Effect of Leading-Edge Erosion on the Performance of Transonic Compressor Blades †.
- Author
-
Hergt, Alexander, Danninger, Tobias, Klinner, Joachim, Grund, Sebastian, Beversdorff, Manfred, and Werner-Spatz, Christian
- Subjects
COMPRESSOR blades ,COMPRESSOR performance ,TRANSONIC aerodynamics ,MACH number ,WIND tunnels ,EROSION ,COMPUTER simulation - Abstract
In this paper, an experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of leading-edge erosion in transonic blades was performed. The measurements were carried out on a linear blade cascade in the Transonic Cascade Wind Tunnel of DLR in Cologne at two operating points with an inflow Mach number of 1.05 and 1.12. The numerical simulations were performed by ANSYS Germany. The type and specifications of the erosion for the study were derived from real engine blades and applied to the leading edges of the experimental cascade blades using a waterjet process, as well as modeled in detail and meshed within the numerical setup. Numerical simulations and extensive wake measurements were carried out on the cascades to evaluate the aerodynamic performance. The increase in losses was quantified to be 4 percent, and a reduction in deflection and a rise in pressure were detected at both operating points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Fracture toughness of a rigid polyurethane foam: experimental and numerical investigation by varying the specimen sizes.
- Author
-
Vantadori, Sabrina, Carpinteri, Andrea, Cerioni, Roberto, Ronchei, Camilla, Scorza, Daniela, Zanichelli, Andrea, and Marsavina, Liviu
- Subjects
URETHANE foam ,FOAM ,FRACTURE toughness ,TECHNICAL literature ,COMPUTER simulation - Abstract
In the present paper, the fracture toughness of a polyurethane (PUR) foam (manufactured by Necumer GmbH, Germany, under the commercial designation Necuron 651) is experimentally and numerically investigated in order to examine its dependence on the specimen sizes. As a matter fact, to the best knowledge of the present authors, such an analysis is still missing in the technical literature. To perform the experimental campaign, notched PUR foam beams, with different geometrical sizes, are tested under three‐point bending loading, and the Modified Two‐Parameter Model (recently proposed by some of the present authors) is employed to measure the fracture toughness. Subsequently, such an experimental campaign is numerically simulated by applying a micromechanical model, implemented in a non‐linear finite element homemade code. Finally, the results obtained are compared with some experimental data available in the literature, related to the same PUR foam. Highlights: The fracture toughness of a polyurethane foam is experimentally investigated.Notched PUR foam beams, with different sizes, are tested under three‐point bending.The Modified Two‐Parameter Model is employed to measure the fracture toughness.A numerical simulation is performed with a non‐linear finite element model.The results are compared with some experimental data available in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Coding energy knowledge in constructed responses with explainable NLP models.
- Author
-
Gombert, Sebastian, Di Mitri, Daniele, Karademir, Onur, Kubsch, Marcus, Kolbe, Hannah, Tautz, Simon, Grimm, Adrian, Bohm, Isabell, Neumann, Knut, and Drachsler, Hendrik
- Subjects
COMPUTER simulation ,ONLINE education ,NATURAL language processing ,HEALTH occupations students ,MACHINE learning ,RATING of students ,PSYCHOLOGY of middle school students ,COMPARATIVE studies ,AUTOMATION ,PSYCHOLOGY of high school students ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,PSYCHOLOGY of school children ,MEDICAL coding - Abstract
Background: Formative assessments are needed to enable monitoring how student knowledge develops throughout a unit. Constructed response items which require learners to formulate their own free‐text responses are well suited for testing their active knowledge. However, assessing such constructed responses in an automated fashion is a complex task and requires the application of natural language processing methodology. In this article, we implement and evaluate multiple machine learning models for coding energy knowledge in free‐text responses of German K‐12 students to items in formative science assessments which were conducted during synchronous online learning sessions. Dataset: The dataset we collected for this purpose consists of German constructed responses from 38 different items dealing with aspects of energy such as manifestation and transformation. The units and items were implemented with the help of project‐based pedagogy and evidence‐centered design, and the responses were coded for seven core ideas concerning the manifestation and transformation of energy. The data was collected from students in seventh, eighth and ninth grade. Methodology: We train various transformer‐ and feature‐based models and compare their ability to recognize the respective ideas in students' writing. Moreover, as domain knowledge and its development can be formally modeled through knowledge networks, we evaluate how well the detection of the ideas within responses translated into accurate co‐occurrence‐based knowledge networks. Finally, in terms of the descriptive accuracy of our models, we inspect what features played a role for which prediction outcome and if the models pick up on undesired shortcuts. In addition to this, we analyze how much the models match human coders in what evidence within responses they consider important for their coding decisions. Results: A model based on a modified GBERT‐large can achieve the overall most promising results, although descriptive accuracy varies much more than predictive accuracy for the different ideas assessed. For reasons of comparability, we also evaluate the same machine learning architecture using the SciEntsBank 3‐Way benchmark with an English RoBERTa‐large model, where it achieves state‐of‐the‐art results in two out of three evaluation categories. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic?: Formative assessments are needed to test and monitor the development of learners' knowledge throughout a unit to provide them with appropriate automated feedback.Constructed response items which require learners to formulate their own free‐text responses are well suited for testing their active knowledge.Assessing constructed responses in an automated fashion is a widely researched topic, but the problem is far from solved and most of the work focuses on predicting holistic scores or grades.To allow for a more fine‐grained and analytic assessment of learners' knowledge, systems which go beyond predicting simple grades are required.To guarantee that models are stable and make their predictions for the correct reasons, methods for explaining the models are required. What this papers adds?: A core topic in physics education is the concept of energy.We implement and evaluate multiple systems based on natural language processing technology for assessing learners' conceptual knowledge about energy physics using transformer language models as well as feature‐based approaches.The systems assess students' knowledge about various forms of energy, indicators for the same and the transformation of energy from form into another.As our systems are based on machine learning methodology, we introduce a novel German short answer dataset for training them to detect the respective knowledge elements within students' free‐text responses.We evaluate the performance of these systems using this dataset as well as the well‐established SciEntsBand‐3‐Way dataset and manage to achieve, to our best knowledge, new state‐of‐the‐art results for the latter.Moreover, we apply methodology for explaining model predictions to assess whether predictions are carried out for the correct reasons. Implications for practice and/or policy: It is indeed possible to assess constructed responses for the demonstrated knowledge about energy physics in an analytic fashion using natural language processing.Transformer language models can outperform more specialized feature‐based approaches for this task in terms of predictive and descriptive accuracy.Co‐occurrences of different concepts within the same responses can lead models to learn undesired shortcuts which make them unstable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Temporally and Spatially Resolved Simulation of the Wind Power Generation in Germany.
- Author
-
Lehneis, Reinhold and Thrän, Daniela
- Subjects
WIND power ,WIND turbines ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,TIME series analysis ,WIND forecasting ,TURBINES ,COMPUTER simulation - Abstract
Temporally and spatially resolved data on wind power generation are very useful for studying the technical and economic aspects of this variable renewable energy at local and regional levels. Due to the lack of disaggregated electricity data from onshore and offshore turbines in Germany, it is necessary to use numerical simulations to calculate the power generation for a given geographic area and time period. This study shows how such a simulation model, which uses freely available plant and weather data as input variables, can be developed with the help of basic atmospheric laws and specific power curves of wind turbines. The wind power model is then applied to ensembles of nearly 28,000 onshore and 1500 offshore turbines to simulate the wind power generation in Germany for the years 2019 and 2020. For both periods, the obtained and spatially aggregated time series are in good agreement with the measured feed-in patterns for the whole of Germany. Such disaggregated simulation results can be used to analyze the power generation at any spatial scale, as each turbine is simulated separately with its location and technical parameters. This paper also presents the daily resolved wind power generation and associated indicators at the federal state level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. "All mimsy were the borogoves" – a discriminative learning model of morphological knowledge in pseudo-word inflection.
- Author
-
Nieder, Jessica, van de Vijver, Ruben, and Tomaschek, Fabian
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTER simulation , *COMPARATIVE grammar , *LEARNING strategies , *LANGUAGE acquisition , *INTELLECT , *PHONETICS , *RESEARCH funding , *VOCABULARY , *ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *ALGORITHMS - Abstract
Grammatical knowledge has often been investigated in wug tests, in which participants inflect pseudo-words. It was argued that in inflecting these pseudo-words, speakers apply their knowledge of word formation. However, it remains unclear what exactly this knowledge is and how it is learned. According to one theory, the knowledge is best characterised as abstractions that specify how units are combined. Another theory maintains that it is best characterised by memory-based analogy. In both cases the knowledge is learned by association based on positive evidence alone. In this paper, we model the classification of pseudo-words to Maltese plurals using a shallow neural network trained with an error-driven learning algorithm. We demonstrate that the classifications mirror those of Maltese speakers in a wug test. Our results indicate that speakers rely on gradient knowledge of a relation between the phonetics of whole words and plural classes, which is learned in an error-driven way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Effect of drilling and wellbore geometry parameters on wellbore temperature profile: Implications for geothermal production.
- Author
-
Abdelhafiz, Mostafa M., Oppelt, Joachim, Mahmoud, Omar, and Hegele, Luiz A.
- Subjects
DRILLING & boring ,GEOTHERMAL resources ,HIGH temperatures ,COMPUTER simulation - Abstract
Prediction of the wellbore fluids and formation temperatures is crucial during drilling operation, especially for high temperature wells, such as geothermal applications. This work presents the applications of an improved comprehensive drilling simulator for predicting the wellbore system temperature during the drilling process. A fully transient numerical model of the wellbore temperature is developed for drilling and geothermal production applications. The model describes the dynamic behaviour of the thermal state of the wellbore during circulation and static conditions. The developed model is implemented with the commercial virtual drilling simulator through an application programming interface. This implementation allows the coupling of the thermal model with other physical models, which leads to more advanced and realistic simulations. The model has been previously validated through a direct comparison with field data from geothermal well located in the Hanover area in Germany. The results showed a good agreement between the predicted outlet fluid temperature and the measured one. Furthermore, an analysis of the effect of various parameters on the wellbore system temperature is performed. This analysis showed the impact of these parameters on the wellbore temperature profile including the critical areas such as the casing setting point and bottom hole assembly. This information may lead to enhancing the wellbore stability by monitoring the thermal stresses, especially in high-temperature wells. Moreover, predicting the drill bit temperature can result in increasing the lifetime of the bit by adjusting the operating conditions to keep the bit temperature within the specified range. Based on these results, the enhanced drilling simulator with the transient temperature model showed to be a suitable tool for effective well planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Analysis of cybersickness in virtual nursing simulation: a German longitudinal study.
- Author
-
Biniok, Maria, Forbrig, Theresa A., Gellert, Paul, and Gräske, Johannes
- Subjects
COMPUTER simulation ,STATISTICAL models ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,RESEARCH funding ,RESEARCH evaluation ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,MOTION sickness ,NURSING education ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,VIRTUAL reality ,LONGITUDINAL method ,ABILITY ,TECHNOLOGY ,FACTOR analysis ,DATA analysis software ,TRAINING - Abstract
Background: Innovative educational approaches such as simulation-based nursing education using virtual reality (VR) technologies provide new opportunities for nursing education. However, there is a lack of information on side effects, especially health-related side effects, of head-mounted displays (HMDs) on the human body when using VR devices for nursing simulation. This study aims to validate the German version of the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ) and to evaluate its associations with sex and age, as reflected in the VRSQ
G scores (total score, oculomotor, and disorientation) over time. Methods: A longitudinal-sectional study was conducted. In addition to the VRSQG (pre-, post-, and 20 min post-intervention), participants (all nursing students) completed data on personal characteristics. Participants completed a VR simulation of a blood draw. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate whether the measured construct was consistent with the original. In addition to the validity, internal consistency was analyzed and generalized linear models (GLMs) were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 38 nursing students (mean age 26.8 years; SD = 7.1, 79.0% female) participated. The mean time spent in the VR simulation was 21 min. All participants completed the entire simulation. The CFA indicates (CFI = 0.981, SRMR = 0.040) VRSQG structure is given. Internal consistency showed low values for the subdomain Oculomotor (Cronbach alpha 0.670). For Disorientation and the Total score values showed a sufficient internal consistency. GLMs showed significant between subject associations with age over time with VRSQG total score, oculomotor, and disorientation. Older nursing students start with higher VRSQG -Scores. Over time, an approximation occurs, so that all participants reach a similar level by the final measurement point. No associations were found between sex (male/female) and VRSQG scores. Conclusions: The VRSQG is a reliable and valid self-assessment for measuring cybersickness in VR based nursing simulations, with cybersickness symptoms positively associated with age. However, in depth-evaluation regarding age-associations with cybersickness should be done. As well as studies to explore additional associations and emphasizes the importance of establishing cut-off values to assess the clinical relevance of the scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The smoking and vaping model, A user-friendly model for examining the country-specific impact of nicotine VAPING product use: application to Germany.
- Author
-
Sánchez-Romero, Luz María, Liber, Alex C., Li, Yameng, Yuan, Zhe, Tam, Jamie, Travis, Nargiz, Jeon, Jihyoun, Issabakhsh, Mona, Meza, Rafael, and Levy, David T.
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC cigarettes ,SMOKING ,NICOTINE ,POPULATION forecasting ,SMOKING statistics - Abstract
Background: Simulation models play an increasingly important role in tobacco control. Models examining the impact of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) and smoking tend to be highly specialized and inaccessible. We present the Smoking and Vaping Model (SAVM),a user-friendly cohort-based simulation model, adaptable to any country, that projects the public health impact of smokers switching to NVPs. Methods: SAVM compares two scenarios. The No-NVP scenario projects smoking rates in the absence of NVPs using population projections, deaths rates, life expectancy, and smoking prevalence. The NVP scenario models vaping prevalence and its impact on smoking once NVPs became popular. NVP use impact is estimated as the difference in smoking- and vaping-attributable deaths (SVADs) and life-years lost (LYLs) between the No-NVP and NVP scenarios. We illustrate SAVM's adaptation to the German adult ages 18+ population, the Germany-SAVM by adjusting the model using population, mortality, smoking and NVP use data. Results: Assuming that the excess NVP mortality risk is 5% that of smoking, Germany-SAVM projected 4.7 million LYLs and almost 300,000 SVADs averted associated with NVP use from 2012 to 2060. Increasing the excess NVP mortality risk to 40% with other rates constant resulted in averted 2.8 million LYLs and 200,000 SVADs during the same period. Conclusions: SAVM enables non-modelers, policymakers, and other stakeholders to analyze the potential population health effects of NVP use and public health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Bayesian Quantification and Reduction of Uncertainties in 3D Geomechanical‐Numerical Models.
- Author
-
Ziegler, Moritz O. and Heidbach, Oliver
- Subjects
STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) ,DEVIATORIC stress (Engineering) ,PREDICATE calculus ,CRUST of the earth ,INFORMATION modeling ,COMPUTER simulation ,ROCK deformation - Abstract
The distance to failure of the upper crustal rock in the prevalent stress field is of importance to better understand fault reactivation by natural and induced processes as well as to plan and manage georeservoirs. In particular, the contemporary stress state is one of the key ingredients for this assessment. To provide a continuous description of the 3D absolute stress state geomechanical‐numerical models are used. However, stress magnitude data for model calibration are sparse and incomplete and thus, the resulting model uncertainties are large. In order to reduce the uncertainties, we incorporate additional constraints on stress magnitudes to check the plausibility of different data‐based stress states. We use formation integrity tests, borehole breakouts, drilling induced fractures, and observations of seismicity and distinct seismological quiescence. This information is weighted according to its confidence and the agreement with the different modeled stress states is assessed. The information is introduced to a Bayesian approach to estimate weights of the modeled stress states and thereby identify their plausibility. A case study in southern Germany shows the ability of the approach to identify from a wide range of stress states a small number of plausible ones and reject implausible stress states. This significantly reduces the number of stress states and thus lowers the model uncertainties. Plain Language Summary: The upper crust of the Earth (upper few kilometers) is subject to a kind of pressure, referred to as stress. When the stress becomes larger than the strength of the rock, the rock breaks. Sometimes this can be measured or even felt as a seismic event. It happens naturally but may also happen due to human activity. To prevent such induced seismic event, it is important to know the stress state. But there is only few information on the magnitude of the stress so we need computer models to predict the stress state. These models are often not very precise since there is only few information on the stress magnitudes and in addition they are often contradicting. We use all stress magnitude information individually to model various stress states. Then we look at other information that is related to the stress state but does not provide stress magnitude information on its own. We compare this information with the modeled stress states to find out whether a stress state agrees with the additional information or not. This allows us to identify a few realistic stress state models out of a wide range of possible ones. This reduces the uncertainties of the stress predictions. Key Points: Bayesian approach to uncertainty quantification and reduction of 3D geomechanical‐numerical models of the undisturbed stress stateAdditional constraints on the stress state by formation integrity tests, borehole breakouts, and drilling induced tensile fracturesConstraints on the differential stress by observation of seismicity or distinct seismological quiescence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Field Enhancement by Lightning Strikes to Tall Tower Versus Lightning Strikes to Flat Ground.
- Author
-
Heidler, Fridolin H. and Paul, Christian
- Subjects
LIGHTNING ,TALL building design & construction ,INDUCTIVE effect ,ELECTRIC lines ,MOMENTS method (Statistics) ,SKYSCRAPERS ,COMPUTER simulation - Abstract
When a lightning strikes a high object, the current flows along the object and produces in this way a field component additional to the field radiated from the lightning channel. This additional field component enhances the field compared to lightning to flat ground. In this article, the field enhancement is analyzed for lightning striking the Peissenberg Tower, Germany. The analysis is based on investigations of the far field at distances from 10 to 1000 km. In the computer simulations, the return stroke process is taken into account with the transmission line (TL)-model and the tower is modelled with the computer program CONCEPT II based on the method of moments. In a first step, the pure effect of the tower is analyzed. In this case, the ground is taken into account as perfectly conducting plane. In the next step, the effect of the field propagation is added by introducing an attenuation function based on the solution of Sommerfeld and a far-field approximation of Norton. For fast rising return stroke currents and relatively near distances between 10 and 30 km, the field enhancement may exceed 100%. The field enhancement decreases strongly with decreasing soil conductivity (σ) and increasing distance (s), while the influence of the permittivity (ϵ) is rather small. At a distance of more than 100 km the field enhancement is typically in the range of some tens of percent. This result agrees well with the data of the European lightning location system EUCLID. From EUCLID an average field enhancement of about 20% is reported for lightning striking the Peissenberg Tower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. How the Volkswagen Scandal Turned 'Made in Germany' Into a Liability.
- Author
-
Ruzic, Dimitrije
- Subjects
COMPUTER simulation ,INVESTORS ,LEGAL liability - Published
- 2019
41. Intersection AEB implementation strategies for left turn across path crashes.
- Author
-
Sander, Ulrich, Lubbe, Nils, and Pietzsch, Sylvia
- Subjects
ROAD interchanges & intersections ,MOTORCYCLING accidents ,CYCLING accidents ,TRAFFIC safety ,PREVENTION of injury ,AUTOMATION ,COMPUTER simulation ,ECOLOGY ,PROTECTIVE clothing ,MEDICAL emergencies ,MOTION ,TRAFFIC accidents ,WOUNDS & injuries ,TRAUMA severity indices - Abstract
Objective: Left turn across path with traffic from the opposite direction (LTAP/OD) is the second most frequent car-to-car intersection crash type after straight crossing path (SCP) in Germany and the United States. Intersection automated emergency braking (AEB) for passenger cars can address these crashes. This study investigates 2 implementation strategies of intersection AEB addressing LTAP/OD crashes: (1) only the turning car is equipped with an intersection AEB and (2) turning and straight-heading cars are equipped with an intersection AEB. For each strategy, the influence of a safety zone around the vehicles that should not be entered is evaluated in terms of accident avoidance, injury mitigation, and change in velocity (delta-V) of remaining accidents. Results are given as a function of market penetration. Methods: A total of 372 LTAP/OD crashes from the time series precrash matrix (PCM), a subsample of the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS), were resimulated in the PRediction of Accident Evolution by Diversification of Influence factors in COmputer simulation (PRAEDICO) simulation framework. A Kudlich-Slibar rigid-body impact model and an injury risk curve derived from GIDAS were used to predict remaining moderate to fatal (Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale [MAIS] 2 + F) injuries among car occupants. Results: With a safety zone of 0.2 m, when the turning vehicle only was equipped with an intersection AEB, 59% of the crashes were avoided at a 100% market penetration. With both vehicles equipped the percentage increased to 77%. MAIS 2 + F injured occupants were reduced by 60 and 76%, respectively. Considering both the turning and the straight-heading vehicles, the delta-V decreased strongly with market penetration in remaining left-side impacts but only slightly in remaining frontal and right-side impacts. Eliminating the safety zone substantially decreases effectiveness in all conditions. Conclusions: Implementation strategy and safety zone definition strongly influence the real-life performance of intersection AEB. AEB should be applied not only for the turning vehicle but also for the straight-going vehicle to benefit from the full potential. Situationally appropriate safety zone definitions, in line with human hazard perception, need more attention and are a key to balance true positive and false positive performance. Remaining delta-V does not decrease broadly; hence, there is no evidence that future LTAP/OD crashes will be generally of lower severity. This highlights the need for continuous development of in-crash protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Do Simulated Gambling Activities Predict Gambling with Real Money During Adolescence? Empirical Findings from a Longitudinal Study.
- Author
-
Hayer, Tobias, Kalke, Jens, Meyer, Gerhard, and Brosowski, Tim
- Subjects
INTERNET gambling ,COMPULSIVE gambling ,VIDEO games ,SOCIAL networks ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,COMPULSIVE behavior ,GAMBLING & psychology ,COMPUTER simulation ,INTERNET ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,TEENAGERS' conduct of life ,RELATIVE medical risk - Abstract
As technology has developed, the international gambling market has changed markedly in recent years. The supply of internet-based gambling opportunities has become ever more significant. At the same time, the introduction of new gambling opportunities always brings a demand for evidence-based scientific evaluation, with regard to the associated risks of addiction. Simulated internet gambling, which is the focus of this study, represents a relatively new product group located at the interface between gambling and computer gaming. Concerns have been raised in scientific literature, especially with regard to the adolescent age group, as to whether participation in simulated internet gambling directly promotes recruitment to the world of monetary gambling, as defined in the gateway hypothesis. The research design was based on a standardized, representative longitudinal survey (over a 1-year period) with a total of 1178 school pupils from Northern Germany (M = 13.6 years; 47.5% male). It must be borne in mind that 12% of the adolescents belonged to the subgroup of "onset gamblers" and first reported experience with monetary gambling at the second stage of surveying. Logistic regression analysis demonstrates that this migration process is fostered by (1) participation from home in simulated gambling on social networks and (2) significant exposure to advertising (relating to both simulated and monetary gambling). Within the subgroup of simulated internet gamblers, variables such as particular patterns of use (including breadth and depth of involvement with simulated internet gambling, certain motives for participation, and microtransactions) do not serve as significant predictors. Despite this, important needs for action for the purposes of prevention and research can be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Estimating the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) with incomplete follow-up data.
- Author
-
Heiko Becher, Volker Winkler, Becher, Heiko, and Winkler, Volker
- Subjects
DISEASES ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,MORTALITY ,MIGRANT agricultural workers ,CANCER ,COMPARATIVE studies ,COMPUTER simulation ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,NOMADS ,RESEARCH ,TIME ,TUMORS ,EVALUATION research ,DISEASE incidence ,ACQUISITION of data ,STATISTICAL models - Abstract
Background: A standard parameter to compare the disease incidence of a cohort relative to the population is the standardized incidence ratio (SIR). For statistical inference is commonly assumed that the denominator, the expected number of cases, is fixed. If a disease registry is available, incident cases can sometimes be identified by linkage with the registry, however, registries may not contain information on migration or death from other causes. A complete follow-up with a population registry may not be possible. In that case, end-of-follow-up date and therefore, exact person-years of observation are unknown.Methods: We have developed a method to estimate the observation times and to derive the expected number of cases using population data on mortality and migration rates. We investigate the impact of the underlying assumptions with a sensitivity analysis.Results: The method provides a useful estimate of the SIR. We illustrate the method with a numerical example, a simulation study and with a study on standardized cancer incidence ratios in a cohort of migrants relative to the German population. We show that the additional variance induced by the estimation method is small, so that standard methods for inference can be applied.Conclusions: Estimation of the observation time is possible for cohort studies with incomplete follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Is climate change a threat to the growing importance of wind power resources in the energy sector in Germany?
- Author
-
Koch, Hagen and Büchner, Matthias
- Subjects
ENERGY industries ,WIND power ,CLIMATE change ,ELECTRIC power production ,COMPUTER simulation - Abstract
Electricity generation by wind power plants is gaining importance all over the world. Climate change may increase or decrease the potential for wind power generation. An approach to assess the effects of climate change on wind power production is presented. Simulation results indicate small impacts of climate change on wind power generation in Germany. The northern areas seem to profit from climate change, while in small regions in the southern areas negative effects occur. According to the study’s analysis, climate change will not negatively affect wind power production. The overall effect will be surpassed by the expansion in wind power generation capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Analysis of Rare Variants in the Alcohol Dependence Candidate Gene GATA4.
- Author
-
Degenhardt, Franziska, Krämer, Laurenz, Frank, Josef, Treutlein, Jens, Heilmann ‐ Heimbach, Stefanie, Hecker, Julian, Fier, Heide Löhlein, Lang, Maren, Witt, Stephanie H., Koller, Anna C., Mann, Karl, Hoffmann, Sabine, Kiefer, Falk, Spanagel, Rainer, Rietschel, Marcella, and Nöthen, Markus M.
- Subjects
ALCOHOLISM ,AMINO acid analysis ,DNA analysis ,CARRIER proteins ,COMPUTER simulation ,DISEASE susceptibility ,FISHER exact test ,GENES ,RESEARCH funding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,SEQUENCE analysis ,GENOTYPES ,GENETICS - Abstract
Background Common variants in the gene GATA binding protein 4 ( GATA4) show association with alcohol dependence ( AD). The aim of this study was to identify rare variants in GATA4 in order to elucidate the role of this gene in AD susceptibility. Identification of rare variants may provide a more complete picture of the allelic architecture at this risk locus. Methods Sanger sequencing of all 6 coding exons of GATA4 was performed in 528 patients and 517 controls. Four in silico prediction tools were used to determine the effect of a DNA variant on the amino acid sequence and protein function. Five variants were included in the replication step. Of these, 4 were successfully genotyped in our replication cohort of 655 patients and 1,501 controls. All patients fulfilled DSM- IV criteria for AD, and all individuals were of German descent. Results In the discovery step, 19 different heterozygous variants were identified. Four patient-specific and potentially functionally relevant variants were followed up. Only the variant S379S (c.1137C>T) remained patient specific (1/1,166 patients vs. 0/1,997 controls). None of the variants showed a statistically significant association with AD. Conclusions The present study elucidated the role of GATA4 in AD susceptibility by identifying rare variants via Sanger sequencing and subsequent replication. Although novel patient-specific rare variants of GATA4 were identified, none received support in the independent replication step. However, given previous robust findings of association with common variants, GATA4 remains a promising candidate gene for AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. On the potential of the ICOS atmospheric CO2 measurement network for estimating the biogenic CO2 budget of Europe.
- Author
-
Kadygrov, N., Broquet, G., Chevallier, F., Rivier, L., Gerbig, C., and Ciais, P.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide ,ATMOSPHERIC models ,ECOSYSTEMS ,DATA analysis ,COMPUTER simulation ,BIOMASS ,MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
We present a performance assessment of the European Integrated Carbon Observing System (ICOS) atmospheric network for constraining European biogenic CO
2 fluxes (hereafter net ecosystem exchange, NEE). The performance of the network is assessed in terms of uncertainty in the fluxes, using a state-of-the-art mesoscale variational atmospheric inversion system assimilating hourly averages of atmospheric data to solve for NEE at 6 h and 0.5° resolution. The performance of the ICOS atmospheric network is also assessed in terms of uncertainty reduction compared to typical uncertainties in the flux estimates from ecosystem models, which are used as prior information by the inversion. The uncertainty in inverted fluxes is computed for two typical periods representative of northern summer and winter conditions in July and in December 2007, respectively. These computations are based on a observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) framework. We analyzed the uncertainty in a 2-week-mean NEE as a function of the spatial scale with a focus on the model native grid scale (0.5°), the country scale and the European scale (including western Russia and Turkey). Several network configurations, going from 23 to 66 sites, and different configurations of the prior uncertainties and atmospheric model transport errors are tested in order to assess and compare the improvements that can be expected in the future from the extension of the network, from improved prior information or transport models. Assimilating data from 23 sites (a network comparable to presentday capability) with errors estimated from the present prior information and transport models, the uncertainty reduction on a 2-week-mean NEE should range between 20 and 50% for 0.5° resolution grid cells in the best sampled area encompassing eastern France and western Germany. At the European scale, the prior uncertainty in a 2-week-mean NEE is reduced by 50% (66%), down to ~43 TgC month-1 (26 TgC month-1 ) in July (December). Using a larger network of 66 stations, the prior uncertainty of NEE is reduced by the inversion by 64% (down to ~33 TgC month-1 ) in July and by 79%(down to ~15 TgC month-1 ) in December. When the results are integrated over the well-observed western European domain, the uncertainty reduction shows no seasonal variability. The effect of decreasing the correlation length of the prior uncertainty, or of reducing the transport model errors compared to their present configuration (when conducting real-data inversion cases) can be larger than that of the extension of the measurement network in areas where the 23 station observation network is the densest. We show that with a configuration of the ICOS atmospheric network containing 66 sites that can be expected on the long-term, the uncertainties in a 2-week-mean NEE will be reduced by up to 50-80% for countries like Finland, Germany, France and Spain, which could significantly improvement (and at least a high complementarity to) our knowledge of NEE derived from biomass and soil carbon inventories at multi-annual scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Analysis and Optimization of Two Film-Coated Tablet Production Processes by Computer Simulation: A Case Study.
- Author
-
Hering, Stefanie, Schäuble, Nico, Buck, Thomas M., Loretz, Brigitta, Rillmann, Thomas, Stieneker, Frank, and Lehr, Claus-Michael
- Subjects
MANUFACTURING processes ,SIMULATION software ,COMPUTER simulation ,SHIFT systems ,LABOR costs ,ENTERIC-coated tablets - Abstract
Increasing regulatory demands are forcing the pharmaceutical industry to invest its available resources carefully. This is especially challenging for small- and middle-sized companies. Computer simulation software like FlexSim allows one to explore variations in production processes without the need to interrupt the running process. Here, we applied a discrete-event simulation to two approved film-coated tablet production processes. The simulations were performed with FlexSim (FlexSim Deutschland—Ingenieurbüro für Simulationsdienstleistung Ralf Gruber, Kirchlengern, Germany). Process visualization was done using Cmap Tools (Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, USA), and statistical analysis used MiniTab
® (Minitab GmbH, Munich, Germany). The most critical elements identified during model building were the model logic, operating schedule, and processing times. These factors were graphically and statistically verified. To optimize the utilization of employees, three different shift systems were simulated, thereby revealing the advantages of two-shift and one-and-a-half-shift systems compared to a one-shift system. Without the need to interrupt any currently running production processes, we found that changing the shift system could save 50–53% of the campaign duration and 9–14% of the labor costs. In summary, we demonstrated that FlexSim, which is mainly used in logistics, can also be advantageously implemented for modeling and optimizing pharmaceutical production processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Sediment Transport in Sewage Pressure Pipes, Part II: 1 D Numerical Simulation.
- Author
-
Rinas, Martin, Fricke, Alexander, Tränckner, Jens, Frischmuth, Kurt, and Koegst, Thilo
- Subjects
SEDIMENT transport ,COMPUTER simulation ,SEWAGE ,MUNICIPAL water supply ,PIPE ,FLOW velocity - Abstract
Urban drainage modelling is a state-of-the-art tool to understand urban water cycles. Nevertheless, there are gaps in knowledge of urban water modelling. In particular pressure drainage systems are hardly considered in the scientific investigation of urban drainage systems, although they represent an important link in its network structure. This work is the conclusion of a series of investigations that have dealt intensively with pressure drainage systems. In particular, this involves the transport of sediments in pressure pipes. In a real-world case study, sediment transport inside a pressure pipe in an urban region in northern Germany was monitored by online total suspended solids measurements. This in situ data is used in this study for the development and calibration of a sediment transport model. The model is applied to investigate sediments transport under low flow velocities (due to energy saving intentions). The resulting simulation over 30 days pumping operation shows that a transport of sediments even at very low flow velocities of 0.27 m/s and under various inflow conditions (dry weather and storm water inflow) is feasible. Hence, with the help of the presented sediment transport model, energy-efficient pump controls can be developed without increasing the risk of deposition formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.