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An introduction is presented in which the authors address several articles in the journal involving topics such as speech motor control, the evolution of speech, and speech disorders.

In this special issue we present three papers selected from the 18th meeting of the EURO Working Group on Transportation (EWGT) which was held in July 2015 in Delft, the Netherlands, organized by Delft University of Technology. The selected contributions reflect the diversity of topics that were addressed in this conference, which is dedicated to mathematical modeling of transportation problems. We are happy to have a small but representative sample in which three different modes of transportation are in focus: the bicycle, the car and the airplane. The editors are very grateful for all the work that authors and referees have put in creating interesting research papers in this broad field of transportation research. This editorial first explains what the EWGT is and how the EWGT conference was organized. The three contributions are then presented and put into the perspective of the Dutch edition of the EWGT conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the 7th International Self-Determination Theory (SDT) Conference which was held at Hotel Zuiderduin in the Netherlands during May 2019. In addition to the founders of SDT; Richard Ryan and Edward Deci, acting as plenary speakers, the call for papers sourced presenters from across multiple academic fields, and within industry, to present symposia, poster presentations, and papers under several themes. These themes extended to recent theoretical developments in SDT, the science of SDT, applications of SDT and future directions. This review will begin with a commentary on the organisation of the conference, briefly outline potential areas of interest for self-access learning researchers and practitioners to pursue and conclude with takeaways from the plenaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces four papers that were presented at a payments conference 'Retail Payments: Mapping Out the Road Ahead,' which was held at De Nederlandsche Bank in Amsterdam in April of 2016. These papers focus on various behavioral aspects of consumers and merchants in their choice and acceptance of payment instruments and payment activity. End-user behavior has implications for how the retail payment landscape is likely to evolve and, therefore, will need to be considered by policymakers charged with overseeing the development of retail payments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented which discusses various reports within the issue on topics including 9th International Annual EurOMA Conference that was held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, employment of information and communications technology (ICT) and impact of econo-political risks.

This article reflects on a keynote presentation made at the 32nd Council for Hospitality Management Education Research Conference hosted at NHL Stenden University of Applied Science in Leeuwarden, The Netherlands. The field of study prepares managers who will organise the delivery of food and/or drink and/or accommodation in a service setting. The core concern of the article is to critique biases of higher education provision. The vocational nature of programmes tends to prioritise job readiness at the expense of some theoretical dimensions of the study of hospitality. These biases are compounded by a tendency to limit the industrial context to luxury hotels and restaurants. Students' career perceptions are thereby constrained and limited. The study of hospitality should adopt a critical studies approach; several recent publications might indicate avenues for further research and programme content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The EFCE 16th Loss Prevention Symposium was held in June 2019 in Delft, NL. • The first symposium of this series was in 1974 at the same location. • A comparison was made what knowledge has been gained in those 45 years. • An overview is given of the many interesting presentations at the current event. • The evolution toward Industry 4.0 presents new challenges to process safety. The first European Loss Prevention Symposium under the auspices of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE) took place in 1974 in the then new Aula of the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. After the triennial symposium over a period of 45 years having been organized in several European cities, it returned in 2019 to the Delft Aula. Authors of this paper are members of EFCE Loss Prevention Working Party organizing the LP Symposia and after nearly half century, it is therefore worthwhile to look back and also to look forward, following the evolution of process safety. This paper presents an impression of the changes in process safety, risk management approaches, and methods over that 45-year period, while at the same time the last symposium contributions are briefly reviewed and a few highlights, called breakthroughs, are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the 5th International Conference on Whole Body Vibration Injuries at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands on June 5-7, 2013. Topics include the keynote lectures and presentations of research papers in the field of in the field of whole-body vibration injuries, measurement of vibration and occupational disease.

An editorial introduction to the issue is presented, highlighting its central theme of "Health Inequity: From Evidence to Action," taken from the parent society's November 2013 conference in Nijmegen, Netherlands, with mention of featured contributions by Jenneken Naaldenberg, Jane Tracy, and Nicholas Lennox.

Introduction: There is growing acknowledgement of the benefits of incorporating a bio-psychosocial model of understanding pain within physical therapist practice1. Consequently this has led to an increasing interest in interventions such Pain neuroscience education (PNE). However, pain management strategies developed by clinicians in one culture may not necessarily be understood, appropriate, or effective in another culture2 Methods: This study is part of a broader research in the development of culturally sensitive pain neuroscience education for the Lebanese population. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to first gain an in-depth understanding of the Lebanese physiotherapists' perceptions towards the management of chronic low back pain as well as the knowledge regarding PNE. A qualitative one-to-one semi-structured interviews with 10 practicing physical therapists were conducted. The transcribed text from the interviews was analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Several themes were generated, identified, and constructed by the researchers: (1) physiotherapists use of a biomechanical approach. (2) Poor knowledge about the bio-psychosocial approach or PNE. (3) Barrier and facilitation for the implementation of PNE. Discussion: The preliminary results showed a limited knowledge of the bio-psychosocial approach, or PNE, and that the Lebanese physical therapist use more a biomechanical approach in the treatment and assessment of people with chronic low back pain. Process evaluation: The results showed that training is needed for physiotherapists to deliver a broader model of care, and that future research should focus on developing a culturally sensitive PNE material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes experiences with new methodological approaches utilised in early viewer evaluations of a public service television drama series. We would like to challenge self-reports as the only source of data in viewer evaluations of television drama series. Based on two viewer evaluation studies of one-hour drama series, both conducted in an applied research setting, we outline pros and cons of electroencephalography (EEG) and skin conductance (SC) measurements tested in combination with in-depth interviews and written self-reports. In conclusion, we suggest a research design consisting of skin conductance measurement with written self-reports as the preferred method for viewer evaluations of television drama series conducted in an applied research setting where time and money is an important constraint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient reported outcomes and experience measures (PROM and PREM) provide an opportunity to prioritize patients' health goals in care decisions and quality improvement. In perinatal care, the use of PROM and PREM is scarce and limited to research and quality purposes. The International Consortium of Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) published an outcome set for pregnancy and childbirth (PCB set), including PROM and PREM. In the Netherlands, the PCB set was implemented in a pilot project with the primary goal to integrate its PROM and PREM in clinical practice over the full course of pregnancy and postpartum care. To ensure continuity of care, the project was explicitly organized within integrated obstetric care networks (OCN): collaborating with all care professionals and organizations involved. Objectives: This study aimed to report first outcomes, experiences, and practice insights of implementing the PCB set in clinical practice of perinatal care. We assessed compliance to the PROM and PREM questionnaires, outcomes per domain, and clinical use of threshold values. Methods: Seven OCN across the Netherlands, each consisting of one or two hospitals and multiple community midwifery practices (2 - 18), implemented the PROM and PREM of the PCB set as part of clinical routine. This observational study included all women participating in the clinical project who gave informed consent for research purposes. The PROM and PREM were assessed with questionnaires at five timepoints: two during pregnancy and three postnatally until six months postpartum. Clinical threshold values (alerts) supported physicians interpretating the answers, indicating worrisome outcomes per domain. Data collection took place from February 2020 till September 2021. Questionnaires were assessed mostly digital - in one site on paper. Data analysis included missing (pattern) analysis, sum scores, alert rates, and sensitivity analysis. Results: In total 1923 questionnaires were collected across the five timepoints: 816 at T1 (first trimester), 793 at T2 (third trimester), 125 at T3 (maternity week), 170 at T4 (6 weeks postpartum) and 19 at T5 (6 months postpartum). Of these, 84% were filled out completely. Missing items per domain ranged from 0 to 13%, with highest missing rates for depression, pain with intercourse and experience with pain relief at birth. No notable missing patterns were found. Relatively high alert rates were found for urine incontinence (27%), pain with intercourse (25%), breastfeeding selfefficacy (23%) and mother-child binding (45%). Regarding PREM domains, most alerts were found for birth experience (23%), shared decision making (11%) and discussing pain relief antepartum (41%). Some domains showed very little clinical variation: mother role and satisfaction with care. Conclusions: The PCB set is a useful and acceptable tool to assess patient reported outcomes that need to be addressed over the whole course of pregnancy and childbirth. Our findings reveal a window of opportunity to improve and personalize perinatal care. Furthermore, based on our findings we could propose several recommendations about the methods and timeline of PROM and PREM measurement based. This study supports further implementation of the PCB set in clinical practice and the transformation towards patient centred value driven care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Characterizing somatosensory profiles or phenotypes in subgroups of patients may provide indirect insights into underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The most common method for quantifying somatosensory function is quantitative sensory testing (QST). This paper describes a protocol for determining these somatosensory profiles in a breast cancer population. Methods: A standardized QST protocol is implemented including nine static and dynamic QST methods (mechanical detection-pain thresholds, pressure pain thresholds, thermal detection-pain thresholds for heat and cold, temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation) performed in the surgical area and more distant regions. After the QST assessment, distribution of the data is checked and data is transformed if necessary (raw or log-transformed data).1,2 Subsequently, QST data is z-transformed using the mean and standard deviation of a 15332500, 2022, S2, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/papr.13128 by EBSCO SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES - Journal Digital Lic, Wiley Online Library on [19/10/2022]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commonscontrol group as reference data. The algebraic sign of the resulting z score is adjusted appropriately for clarity of data presentation (increased-decreased sensitivity to the tested stimuli). Results: The z-scores acquired with this protocol can inform at a glance whether there is a loss or gain in somatosensory function. Findings can be visualized using a scatter or bar chart. Discussion: Although this protocol was used to determine somatosensory profiles in a breast cancer population, the methodology for determining these profiles can be applied to data from other populations as well. Process evaluation: To correctly interpret QST results, data from a reference population that matches in QST method and test site is required. The proactive development of normative databases for specific QST protocols will improve the efficiency of QST data processing in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including HIV prevention interventions for children in South Africa, cessation of sexual relations after an HIV infection diagnosis and post-traumatic growth within children with parental HIV.

Introduction: The Fear-Avoidance Components Scale (FACS) has been developed within the framework of the most current fear-avoidance model.1 This study aimed to translate the FACS into Dutch, and to investigate its measurement properties in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Methods: The original English FACS was translated in Dutch through forward-backward translation. The FACS-D's measurement properties were evaluated in 224 persons with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability and measurement error were assessed with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (a), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC). Construct validity (including structural validity and hypothesis testing) was assessed through inter-item correlation analyses, exploratory factor analysis and by examining relationships between the FACS-D and other patient-reported instruments. Results: Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were high (a = 0.92; ICC = 0.92), and the SEM was 5.6 points. Regarding structural validity, low inter-item correlations were found for item 12. A two-factor model was found to best fit the data: one factor covered pain-related cognitions and emotions, the second factor covered items regarding avoidance behaviour. Five out of seven of the a priori-formulated hypotheses were confirmed. Discussion: The FACS-D has good reliability and validity, and can be used to evaluate fear-avoidance in persons with chronic musculoskeletal pain. It's a two-dimensional scale that assesses two clinically relevant constructs of fear-avoidance behaviour. One factor covers pain-related cognitions and emotions, while the other factor covers avoidance behaviour. Process evaluation: Notwithstanding the sound methodology, the paper's content is considered of low priority by editors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Psychosocial factors predict recovery in patients with spinal pain. Several of these factors are modifiable. However, physiotherapists indicate that they do not feel sufficiently equipped to address these factors. We developed an eHealth intervention to support physiotherapists in managing psychosocial factors in patients with spinal pain. This paper describes the protocol for a pragmatic randomised clinical trial which evaluates the effectiveness of this eHealth intervention blended with physiotherapy compared to physiotherapy alone. Methods: Participants with non-specific low back pain and/or neck pain for at least six weeks who also experience psychosocial symptoms will be recruited in a pragmatic multi-centre cluster randomised clinical trial. The experimental intervention consists of physiotherapy blended with six online modules of pain education and behavioural activation. The control intervention consists of usual care physiotherapy. The primary outcomes are disability and perceived effect. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, and at 2, 6 and 12 months after baseline. The results will be analysed using linear mixed models. Results: At this moment, 357 patients were assessed for eligibility and 140 patients are included. Our hypothesis is that the blended intervention is more effective than usual physiotherapy at 12 month follow-up. Process evaluation: Inclusion of participants has proven challenging, we have extended the inclusion phase with 1.5 years and recruited more physiotherapy practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes a debate on whether to update recommendations for the consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA); this debate was held at the 11th congress of the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids in Stockholm, Sweden, June 28-July 2, 2014. Recommendations to reduce SFA intakes are based largely on the premise that high intakes of SFA raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels, which in turn increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Several systematic reviews question whether reducing SFA intakes lowers CHD risk. Arguing to revise SFA recommendations, Philippe Legrand noted that SFA are heterogeneous in structure and function, are synthesized de novo by humans and only certain SFA in excess have been linked to CHD risk. We cannot consider all SFA as a block. The effects of reducing SFA intakes depend on which nutrients replace them and on which biomarkers or endpoints are assessed, Ronald Mensink observed. The effects of reducing SFA on CHD risk vary with the nutrient of comparison, whether carbohydrates, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Substitution of SFA with polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease, while the effects of substitution with monounsaturated fatty acids or high-glycemic index carbohydrates are less clear. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of research papers submitted at the 16th European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery from May 10-12, 2015 in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, including surgical treatment of flail chest, rib fracture management and treatment of instable trunk injuries.

Background: Very little attention has been given to the social accountability of conferences, either in action or in scholarship, in particular, of scientific conferences. Concerns that have been raised include: (1) Local communities and regions suffer from ecological pressure caused by conferences, (2) There is limited value to the local community, (3) International conferences take place at locations irrelevant to the topics discussed; hence there is no connection with locals, and (4) It has been the observation of the authors that <10% of participants may come from the region where the conference is organized, which makes it challenging to make a "positive societal impact" locally. We conducted a natural experiment investigating the interactions between academia, conference organizers, and community leaders. Methods: We utilized a case study approach to report on the outcomes of two 2022 annual international conferences that seek to improve community health. We used a mixed-methods approach of surveys and interviews. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify the key themes. Results: We obtained 358 responses from all six World Health Organization regions. Results from both conferences were split into two categories: the why and the how. A strong consensus among participants is that bi-directional learning between conference organizers and local communities leads to shared understanding and mutual goals. The data emphasize that including communities in academic conferences helps us progress forward from intentions toward demonstrating accountability and reporting impact. Discussion: A diversity of perspectives is needed to advance socially accountable health system transformation. Five best practices from conference participants are laid out as a framework to assist in the change: (1) Build trust, (2) provide funding for community member participation, (3) appreciation of local community knowledge, (4) involve the local community in the planning stages, and (5) make the local community part of the conference and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the experience of individuals with urostomy, highlighting the physical, psychological, and social impact of urostomy creation. The qualitative literature review reveals main themes: daily life, body image, sexuality, and information/education/support.

The article focuses on the 18 European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) World Congress in Rotterdam, which marks the return to an in-person event after years of virtual congresses. It mentions the congress aims to promote equity and diversity in palliative care, addressing health inequities and exploring the role of diversity in improving access and outcomes.

The article presents a conference paper on biological activity of Melatonin and effects of dynamization presented at Proceedings of the XXX GIRI Meeting held by GIRI, an International Research Group on Very Lose Dose and High Dilution Effects, in the Netherland in September 9-11, 2016.

The article presents a conference paper on common language of ultrahigh dilutions homeopathy, electronic homeopathy and organism presented at Proceedings of the XXX GIRI Meeting held by GIRI, an International Research Group on Very Lose Dose and High Dilution Effects, in the Netherland in 2016.

The article presents a conference paper about basic research on homeopathy which was presented at the Proceedings of the XXX GIRI Meeting held by GIRI, an International Research Group on Very Lose Dose and High Dilution Effects, in the Netherland from September 9-11, 2016.

Background: Low-value care that wastes resources and harms patients is prevalent in health systems everywhere. Methods: As part of an invited keynote presentation at the Pain in Motion IV conference held in Maastricht, Holland, in May 2022, we reviewed evidence for low-value care in musculoskeletal conditions and discussed possible solutions. Results: Drivers of low-value care are diverse and affect patients, clinicians, and health systems everywhere. We show that low-value care for back pian, neck pain, and osteoarthritis is prevalent in all professional groups involved in caring for people who seek care for these conditions. Implementation efforts that aim to reverse low-value care seem to work better if designed using established conceptual and theoretical frameworks. Conclusion: Low-value care is prevalent in the care of people with musculoskeletal conditions. Reducing low-value care requires behaviour change among patients and clinicians as well as in health systems. There is evidence that behaviour change can be facilitated through good conceptual and theoretical frameworks but not convincing evidence that it changes patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of papers discussed at the Dutch Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (DCRM) meeting including one on the long-term impact of health problems to spinal cord injury (SCI), one on paediatric brain injury, and another on the reflective behavior of stroke survivors.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics discussed at the 2018 European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics including cognitive engineering, human-media interaction, and the journal's review process.

Interleukin-17C increases the expression of psoriasis-associated genes by an I B -dependent m... P. Ommen, L. Iversen and C. Johansen I Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark i Interleukin (IL)-17C is attracting attention as a potential target for the treatment of psoriasis, as it has been demonstrated to have disease-driving features. Real-world data from a cohort of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis in Newfoundland and Labrador from 2001-2017 (Gulliver and Gulliver), which included 459 patients with 913 biologics or phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor exposures observed that 40% of patients remained on their first biologic, with 57% of these patients achieving and maintaining PASI-100, indicating no relapse or progression to a more severe plaque psoriasis or progression to a more severe psoriasis phenotype. P09 Defining value for patients with psoriasis: development of a patient-driven outcome set for c... N. Hilhorst, SP 1,2 sp E. Deprez, SP 1,2 sp N. Van Geel, SP 1,2 sp D. Balak, SP 2 sp I. Hoorens SP 1,2 sp and J. Lambert SP 1,2 sp I SP 1 sp Dermatology Research Unit and SP 2 sp Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium i To date, there is no outcome set, a consensus-driven minimum set of outcomes, available for psoriasis from a patients' perspective. A total of 198 paediatric patients and 1989 adult patients with psoriasis, with exposure to secukinumab, and 41 paediatric patients and 323 adult patients with psoriasis, with exposure to etanercept, were analysed. There was a trend towards a longer drug survival in biologics-naïve patients (log-rank test I P i = 0-046) Sixteen patients (47-1%) discontinued guselkumab owing to ineffectiveness, 12 patients (35-3%) owing to side-effects and one patient (2-9%) owing to a combination of both reasons. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Despite the current therapeutic options for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, surgery is still frequently required in the emergency setting, although the number of cases performed seems to have decreased in recent years. The World Society of Emergency Surgery decided to debate in a consensus conference of experts, the main pertinent issues around the management of inflammatory bowel disease in the emergent situation, with the need to provide focused guidelines for acute care and emergency surgeons. Method: A group of experienced surgeons and gastroenterologists were nominated to develop the topics assigned and answer the questions addressed by the Steering Committee of the project. Each expert followed a precise analysis and grading of the studies selected for review. Statements and recommendations were discussed and voted at the Consensus Conference of the 6th World Society of Emergency Surgery held in Nijmegen (The Netherlands) in June 2019. Conclusions: Complicated inflammatory bowel disease requires a multidisciplinary approach because of the complexity of this patient group and disease spectrum in the emergency setting, with the aim of obtaining safe surgery with good functional outcomes and a decreasing stoma rate where appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent trauma guidelines recommend non-operative management for grade III splenic injury without contrast extravasation on computed tomography. Nevertheless, such recommendations rely on low-quality evidence, and practice variation characterizes clinical management for this type of injury. We aimed to identify the role of eleven selected clinical factors influencing the management of grade III splenic injury without contrast extravasation by expert consensus and a modified Delphi approach. Methods: A questionnaire was developed with the endorsement of the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES). This was delivered and answered live by acute care surgeons attending the 6th WSES congress in Nijmegen in 2019. A dedicated mobile phone application was utilized to collect the answers. All answers were evaluated for areas of discrepancy with an 80% threshold for consensus between respondents. Results: Three factors generated discrepancy in opinion for managing this pattern of injury: the patients' injury severity, the presence of a bleeding diathesis, and an associated intra-abdominal injury. Agreement was obtained for the other eight factors. Conclusion: Researchers should focus their efforts on the identified area of discrepancy. Clinicians should use additional care in the presence of the three factors for which discordant opinions were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: HIV status disclosure facilitates receipt of HIV prevention and treatment services. Although disclosure to sexual partners, family members or friends has been extensively studied, disclosure to community-based HIV programs is missing. This study assesses the magnitude of, and factors associated with undisclosed HIV status to a community-based HIV prevention program among caregivers of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Tanzania. Methods: Data are from the USAID-funded Kizazi Kipya project that seeks to increase uptake of HIV, health, and social services by OVC and their caregivers in Tanzania. Data on OVC caregivers who were enrolled in the project during January–March 2017 in 18 regions of Tanzania were analyzed. Caregivers included were those who had complete information on their HIV status disclosure, household socioeconomic status, and sociodemographic characteristics. HIV status was self-reported, with undisclosed status representing all those who knew their HIV status but did not disclose it. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression, with caregivers' HIV status disclosure being the outcome variable was conducted. Results: The analysis was based on 59,683 OVC caregivers (mean age = 50.4 years), 71.2% of whom were female. Of these, 37.2% did not disclose their HIV status to the USAID Kizazi Kipya program at the time of enrollment. Multivariate analysis showed that the likelihood of HIV status non-disclosure was significantly higher among: male caregivers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–1.28); unmarried (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.23); widowed (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.07–1.18); those without health insurance (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.28–1.45); age 61 + years (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.59–1.88); those with physical or mental disability (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.25); and rural residents (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.34–1.86). HIV status non-disclosure was less likely with higher education (p < 0.001); and with better economic status (p < 0.001). Conclusion: While improved education, economic strengthening support and expanding health insurance coverage appear to improve HIV status disclosure, greater attention may be required for men, unmarried, widowed, rural residents, and the elderly populations for their higher likelihood to conceal HIV status. This is a clear missed opportunity for timely care and treatment services for those that may be HIV positive. Further support is needed to support disclosure in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The potential value of preconception care and interconception care is increasingly acknowledged, but delivery is generally uncommon. Reaching women for interconception care is potentially easier than for preconception care, however the concept is still unfamiliar. Expert consensus could facilitate guidelines, policies and subsequent implementation. A national and subsequent international expert meeting were organized to discuss the term, definition, content, relevant target groups, and ways to reach target groups for interconception care.Methods: We performed a literature study to develop propositions for discussion in a national expert meeting in the Netherlands in October 2015. The outcomes of this meeting were discussed during an international congress on preconception care in Sweden in February 2016. Both meetings were recorded, transcribed and subsequently reviewed by participants.Results: The experts argued that the term, definition, and content for interconception care should be in line with preconception care. They discussed that the target group for interconception care should be "all women who have been pregnant and could be pregnant in the future and their (possible) partners". In addition, they opted that any healthcare provider having contact with the target group should reach out and make every encounter a potential opportunity to promote interconception care.Discussion: Expert discussions led to a description of the term, definition, content, and relevant target groups for interconception care. Opportunities to reach the target group were identified, but should be further developed and evaluated in policies and guidelines to determine the optimal way to deliver interconception care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In patients with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), medial displacement of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) may increase the risk of vascular injury during the surgical correction of velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). Some surgeons advocate the use of vascular imaging studies prior to surgery. Nevertheless, the role of preoperative imaging is still controversial. This study aimed to review the current practice of the UK cleft units and also examine our own practice at the Evelina London Children's Hospital in relation to children with VCFS undergoing speech surgery over the previous 7 years. Design: A questionnaire was sent to all UK cleft surgeons to enquire about the management and use of preoperative vascular imaging in patients with VPD and VCFS. A retrospective study was also conducted of the unit's 7-year series of patients with VPD and VCFS. Results: Thirty-four completed questionnaires were returned (response rate 100%). Most UK surgeons (73.5%) do not regularly order preoperative vascular imaging for patients with VCFS although some reportedly would consider it if a posterior pharyngeal wall pulsation was visible. In our unit, between 2013 and 2019, a total of 40 patients affected by VCFS have been assessed for VPD. A magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed for 23 patients. Medial deviation of the ICAs was identified in 7 (30%) patients. Conclusions: The results of the national survey showed no consensus on routine use of preoperative vascular imaging. Our retrospective study showed a 30% prevalence of medialized ICAs in our patient cohort. In these patients, the MRA findings influenced the choice of speech surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor HIV care retention impedes optimal treatment outcomes in persons living with HIV. Women trying to become pregnant may be motivated by periconception horizontal and vertical transmission concerns and thus more likely to attend HIV care visits than women not trying to conceive. We estimated the effect of fertility intentions on HIV care attendance over 12 months among non-pregnant, HIV-positive women aged 18–35 years who were on or initiating antiretroviral therapy in Johannesburg, South Africa. The percentage of women attending an HIV care visit decreased from 93.4% in the first quarter to 82.8% in the fourth quarter. Fertility intentions were not strongly associated with care attendance in this cohort of reproductive-aged women; however, attendance declined over time irrespective of childbearing plans. These findings suggest a need for reinforced efforts to support care engagement and risk reduction, including safer conception practices for women wishing to conceive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To investigate whether a symposium aimed at healthcare professionals in the uro‐oncological field changes knowledge, competence and general practice regarding sexual dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment. Background: Sexual dysfunction is not frequently discussed by healthcare professionals; lack of knowledge and training are two of the most often reported barriers. Provision of additional training could improve knowledge, competence and general practice of healthcare professionals. Design: Two questionnaires were used in this pre–post study to determine knowledge, competence and general practice at the time of the symposium and six months afterwards. Methods: In order to perform repeated measures to analyse alterations among participating healthcare professionals (n = 55), the McNemar's test was used. A STROBE checklist was completed. Results: Seventy‐three per cent (n = 40) stated that not enough attention was paid to prostate cancer‐related sexual dysfunction during their education. Nurses felt significantly less competent in discussing sexual function, advising on sexual dysfunction and actively inquiring sexual complaints compared to other healthcare professionals. After the symposium, sexual dysfunction was significantly more often discussed. No significant effects were found on knowledge on sexual dysfunction, knowledge on treatment of sexual dysfunction, competence in discussing sexual function, advising on sexual dysfunction, actively inquiring sexual complaints and rate of referral. Tools needed to address sexual dysfunction concerned written information materials (75.5%) and a website containing adequate information (56.6%). Conclusions: The symposium had no significant influence on knowledge, competence and rate of referral in men with sexual dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment. However, sexual dysfunction was more frequently discussed after the symposium, so increase of awareness of consequences of prostate cancer treatment was achieved. Relevance to clinical practice: Consequences of prostate cancer treatment to sexual function should be taken in consideration in daily practice; written information materials and a website containing adequate information were indicated as valuable resources to address sexual dysfunction in routine consultations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of alcohol intoxication in trauma patients in regard to its impact on application of computed tomography (CT) and associated radiation exposure. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study from a continuous patient cohort. Inclusion criteria: admission to the emergency room of an urban Level 1 trauma center with trauma team activation during a 12-month period (Jan 1st–Dec 31st 2012). Patients with incomplete data, age ≤ 12 years and with neurological diseases were excluded. Demographics, mechanisms, severity and patterns of injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale, Injury Severity Score, Glasgow Coma Scale), blood alcohol concentration (BAC, in permille, ‰), imaging studies (head/whole body CT), radiation exposure, and hospital length of stay, surgical procedures and mortality were evaluated with SPSS statistics (Version 25, IBM Inc., Armonk, New York). Results: A positive BAC (mean 1.80 ± 0.767) was reported in 19.2% (n = 41/214) of the cohort. Alcohol intoxication was associated with higher utilization of head CT (65.9 vs. 46.8%, p = 0.017) and radiation exposure (231.75 vs. 151.25 mAS, p = 0.045; dose-length product, 583.03 vs. 391.04, p = 0.006). In general, the presence of alcohol was associated with over-triage (p = 0.001), despite minor injury severity (ISS < 9) and a comparable rate of head injuries (p = 0.275). Head injury (AIS ≥ 3) and positive BAC (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.096–5.001) were identified as strongest independent predictors for head CT. Conclusion: Alcohol intoxication is a common finding in trauma patients, and the rate of moderate and serious head injuries seems to be comparable to a more severely injured control group. Furthermore, head CT utilization in intoxicated patients is associated with significant radiation exposure, despite poor image quality, due to motion artifacts (27%). Future strategies are required to exclude head injuries safely, while reducing the rate of head CT and associated radiation exposure in intoxicated patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) is an appropriate approach in design for high-stakes domains, such as air traffic management (ATM) since it focuses on human expert performance in regular and contingency situations. However, CWA is not suitable for the design of a first-of-a-kind system since there is nothing to analyse before the start of the design process. In 2017, unmanned air traffic management (UTM) for intense drone traffic in cities was such a system. Making things worse, the UTM system has to be in place before the traffic, since it provides basic safety. In this research-through-design study, we present conceptual designing as a bootstrapping approach to CWA in the design of a first-of-a-kind UTM system. In a series of co-design workshops, we identified future services, traffic patterns, and regulations that framed the design of UTM system concepts. They were based on combinations of four basic building blocks: points, lines, planes, and volumes. Concepts of point-based control, airport geofences, grid squares, layers, and tubes were discussed. Throughout the conceptual designing, results were documented in an evolving Work Domain Analysis (WDA), which is a cornerstone of CWA. This approach allowed us to bootstrap the CWA for a first-of-a-kind-system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research studies and recruitment processes often rely on psychometric instruments to profile respondents with regards to their ethical orientation. Completing such questionnaires can be tedious and is prone to self-presentation bias. Noting how video games often expose players to complex plots, filled with dilemmas and morally dubious options, the opportunity emerges to evaluate player's moral orientation by analysing their in-game behaviour. In order to explore the feasibility of such an approach, we examine how users' moral judgment correlates with choices they make in non-linear narratives, frequently present in video games. An interactive narrative presenting several moral dilemmas was created. An initial user study (N = 80) revealed only weak correlations between the users' choices and their ethical inclinations in all ethical scales. However, by training a genetic algorithm on this data set to quantify the influence of each branch on recognising moral inclination we found a strong positive correlation between choice behaviour and self-reported ethical inclinations on a second independent group of participants (N = 20). The contribution of this work is to demonstrate how genetic algorithms can be applied in interactive stories to profile users' ethical stance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A human operator monitoring a safety-critical system has to perceive information quickly and accurately to detect critical system states and execute countermeasures in time. So far, testing such human machine interfaces (HMIs) is a complex task as HMI design prototypes have to be implemented for simulation environments to perform tests with professional operators. We propose Konect Value, a quantitative method to estimate the relative perception accuracy and operator reaction time at an early design stage. The model-based method solely requires a task model and HMI design sketches as input. To validate the Konect Value, we applied the quantitative measure to seven different HMIs in a truck platooning use case. A comparison of the calculated value to the measured accuracy and reaction times in a lab study (n=33) revealed high correlations for the relative reaction time (r=0.83, p<0.05) and relative perception accuracy (r=-0.90, p<0.01). This indicates that Konect Value is a promising method for early HMI design evaluation in the safety-critical system domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]