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This paper first identifies representations of threats in Greek‐Cypriot newspapers related to the negotiations for a Cyprus settlement. Then, it identifies how alternative representations to these core representations of threats are managed through the use of a number of semantic barriers. Therefore, it problematizes the role (function) that such representations of threats play in undermining the potential for transformative dialogue in a post‐conflict and divided country in need of conflict transformation. Focus is on the editorials of two newspapers during a four‐month period before the collapse of the July 2017 Cyprus peace talks. Both were suspicious and polemic vis‐à‐vis the said negotiations but used different strategies to oppose them. Simerini convened recurrently threats such as Turkification, state dissolution and threats against Hellenism. Phileleftheros focused on the issue of security drawing red lines on various dossiers under discussion in the negotiations. The paper contributes to the theoretical debate of the relationship between social representations and identities and the role of threats and historical narratives in undermining transformative dialogue through the use of semantic barriers. 49 4 460 479

The title of this writing is “Conflict of Beatrice Prior in Roth’s Allegiant”. The specific aim of this scientific writing is to find out and describe the conflicts that are faced by the main character and to find out the source of the conflicts Roth’s Allegiant. This novel is the third series of Divergent written by Veronica Roth and published in 2016. The data is collected through library research and analyzed based on two main theories. The main theory which is used in analyzing this paper is theory of literature by Lajos Egri and also theory of psychology by Tayla Bauer & Berrin Erdogan in his book entitled An Introduction to Organizational Behavior, This research is analyzed based qualitative-descriptive method. Based on the result of analysis, it can be concluded that Conflict of Beatrice Prior in Roth’s Allegiant consist of internal and external conflict. Types of internal conflicts of Tris is categorized as Intrapersonal conflict. Meanwhile, the types of external conflicts are categorized as Interpersonal conflict and Intergroup conflict. The source of the conflict are differing in attitudes, values, and perceptions, differing in goals or objective, differing in personal style or personality.

Explanations of violent religious conflicts usually focus on preconditions, facilitator causes or precipitating events at micro, meso or macro levels of analysis. As social psychology is the scientific study of the ways in which thoughts, feelings, perceptions, motives, and behaviors are influenced by interactions and transactions between groups and individuals, it can increase our understanding of the dynamics of religious conflicts at micro and meso levels. In this paper, I illustrate this point with a discussion of the utility of social movement theory for understanding the dynamics of religious conflicts. Social movement theory locates religious conflicts within broader contexts and complex processes by focusing on the interplay between micro and meso factors and the ways in which people perceive macro factors. Given certain conditions, religion can and often do contribute to collective violence. Religion is rarely, if ever, the main cause of intergroup conflicts, but is often used as an instrument for the mobilization of human and non-human resources. Appeal to religion may help conflicting parties overcome the collective action problem associated with intergroup conflicts. This does not necessarily mean that religious conflicts have unique characteristics or a logic of their own that sets them apart from other types of intergroup conflicts.

Collective memory and identity so often go hand in hand with conflicts. Alongside the use of violence, conflicts unfold against the backdrop of different narratives about the past through which groups constantly remind themselves of the supposed origin of the conflict, and consequently, what position individuals are expected to take as members of the group. Narratives – as symbolic tools for interpreting the past and the present, as well as happenings that have yet to occur – simultaneously underpin, and are underpinned by, the position held by each warring faction. Drawing on previous works, this paper compares different versions of the 2016 truce period in the Basque Country stemming from three subjects identified, to varying degrees, with the main political actors involved in that conflict. These three cases have been selected from a total of 16 participants who were asked to define the Basque conflict and to provide an account of the 2006 truce period by using 23 documents taken from different Spanish newspapers. On the one hand, the results show two narratives reproducing the versions of two of the main political actors involved in the conflict, and on the other hand, a narrative characterized by a more personal and ironic appropriation of those versions. Results are discussed vis-à-vis the use of irony in history teaching in increasingly plural societies.

Resumo A discussão informal tem despertado crescente interesse em estudos sobre deliberação. Contudo, são raros os estudos que examinam o engajamento das pessoas em contextos conflitantes. Este artigo investiga o modo pelo qual sujeitos de grupos sociais em conflito fazem uso de razões concorrentes que circulam nos media para negociar suas opiniões sobre uma “questão sensível”: a redução da maioridade penal. Para tanto, foram realizados cinco grupos de discussão em Belém (PA) e Belo Horizonte (MG), com policiais militares e moradores e adolescentes de periferia. A partir da adaptação do Discourse Quality Index, este estudo analisa: as justificativas expressas pelos participantes; o respeito entre os grupos; o papel das histórias pessoais na discussão. Investiga-se, ainda, o fluxo de argumentos antes e após a apresentação do material dos media. Os resultados contribuem para compreender a dinâmica através da qual os sujeitos se situam num “espaço de razões” em debates plurais. Abstract Informal debates have attracted increasing attention in deliberation studies. However, studies that explore how people make sense of plural information in the media are rare. This paper analyses how subjects from antagonizing social groups engage with a variety of media arguments to negotiate their opinions on a sensitive issue: the reduction of the criminal responsibility age in Brazil. We conducted five discussion groups in Belem (PA) and Belo Horizonte (MG) with members of the local police and with teenagers and adults who live in marginalized communities. By using an adapted version of the Discourse Quality Index, this study analyses: the justifications expressed during the discussion, the respect between groups and the role of personal stories in debates. It also investigates the arguments flow before and after the exposition of the media material to participants. The results contribute for advancing the understanding of the dynamics by which subjects situate themselves in a “space of reasons” in plural debates.

Resumo O presente trabalho pretende analisar como são delineados processos identitários a partir das interações entre indígenas kaiowa e não indígenas no Mato Grosso do Sul. Neste proceder será considerada a relação patrão (não indígena) / cliente (indígena), lançando-se mão de uma bibliografia sobre patronagem e compadrio, considerando seus alcances e limites explicativos. Entende-se que a compreensão das relações interétnicas na região (bem como dos conflitos destas decorrentes) é beneficiária justamente de tal reflexão, que porém, até o momento, tem tido pouca atenção. Perceber-se-á que as distinções étnicas - construídas ao longo do tempo - vêm sendo reforçadas e acentuadas por processos políticos, de modo que assim nos encontramos, em alguma medida, com reflexões que já haviam sido avançadas por Max Weber. Abstract This paper aims to examine how the interactions between the Kaiowa indigenous people and non indigenous people in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, generate identity-building processes. In this exercise, the patron (non-indigenous) - client (indigenous) relationship is a fact that will be analysed, using a consolidated literature about patronage and compadrio, considering its explanatory scope and limits. It is understood that the comprehension of interethnic relations in this region (as well as conflicts arising from them) will benefit precisely from this reflection, which has so far been little explored. It will be perceived that ethnic distinctions - built over time - are being reinforced and exacerbated by political processes, so that we find ourselves with reflections that have already been advanced by Max Weber.

This paper is a contribution to the development of an ontology of conflict. In particular, we single out and study a peculiar notion of group conflict, that we suggestively label “social contradiction.” In order to do so, we shall introduce and discuss the methodology of social choice theory, since it allows for defining the notion of collective attitude that may emerge from a number of possibly divergent individual attitudes. We shall see how collective attitudes lead to define a specific notion of group and therefore a specific notion of group conflict. As a conclusion, we shall present our abstract analysis of group conflicts and we shall position social contradiction with respect to other types of conflicts.